ADVANCEMENT OFTRANSMISSION SYSTEM
INTERCONNECTION: CASEOF NEPAL
Second Meeting of Taskforce 2 on
April 16 and 17, 2014
ADVANCEMENT OFTRANSMISSION SYSTEM
INTERCONNECTION: CASEOF NEPAL
Surendra RajbhandariDirector, Nepal Electricity Authority
Overview of Nepal PowerSystem
Total installed capacity: 770 MW
Under Construction: 1200 MW
Transmission Lines: 2640 cct km
Grid Substations capacity: 1900 MVA
Average annual growth rate of peak: 10%
Average annual growth rate of energy: 8.5%
Access to grid electricity: 63%
Peak Load in FY 2013/14= 1200 MW
Capacity shortage in FY 2013/14= 600 MW
Total installed capacity: 770 MW
Under Construction: 1200 MW
Transmission Lines: 2640 cct km
Grid Substations capacity: 1900 MVA
Average annual growth rate of peak: 10%
Average annual growth rate of energy: 8.5%
Access to grid electricity: 63%
Peak Load in FY 2013/14= 1200 MW
Capacity shortage in FY 2013/14= 600 MW
Installed Capacity: 770.9 MW
In Grid 766.4MW Off Grid 4.5 MW
Hydro 712.99 MW Thermal 53.41 MWHydro 712.99 MW Thermal 53.41 MW
ROR 620.99 MW Storage 92 MW
IPP 240.5 MW NEA 380.99 MW
NEA Transmission System DiagramI
Lamosangu
Trishuli
AnarmaniM/ nagar
KGA
Modi
MMRS
Dubi
Jhim
Butwal BhrtprHtd
Parwanipur India
Chapur Dhalke LahanLamai
Birgunj
Tanakpur
Existing Power ExchangeArrangement
Nepal and India has been exchanging power formany years. Power is being exchanged and tradedmainly through 8 points along the Indo-Nepal border. Present level of exchange: 50 MW, trading: 150
MW. Power exchanges mainly through 33kV and 132kV
links. To facilitate power exchange, two committees exist:
Power Exchange Committee constituted in 1992 andJoint Commission on Water Resources (2000).
Nepal and India has been exchanging power formany years. Power is being exchanged and tradedmainly through 8 points along the Indo-Nepal border. Present level of exchange: 50 MW, trading: 150
MW. Power exchanges mainly through 33kV and 132kV
links. To facilitate power exchange, two committees exist:
Power Exchange Committee constituted in 1992 andJoint Commission on Water Resources (2000).
Existing Interconnectionswith India
Transmission Link EvacuationCap. (MW)
Traded,MW
VoltageLevel, kV
Kusaha--Kataiya 130 80 132Gandak -Rampur 50 25 132Gandak -Rampur 50 25 132Mahendranagar-Tanakpur
50 30 132
Kataiya- Rajbiraqj 10 8 33Raxual- Birgunj 10 10 33Sitamadhi-Jaleswor 10 8 33Nepalgunj-Nanpara 10 8 33Jayanagar-Siraha 8 8 33
Under Construction andPlanned Interconnections
with IndiaTransmission Link Transfer
Cap.(MW)
VoltageLevel, kV
Status
Dhalkebar- Muzzafarpur 1200 400 Undercons.
Dhalkebar- Muzzafarpur 1200 400 Undercons.
Bardaghat- Gorakhpur 1800 400 PlannedDuhabi- Jogbani 1800 400 Identified
& ProposedOther Links To be
identified
Existing Power ExchangeArrangement
Electricity Act and Hydropower policyprovides provision for electricity trade. PTC, India is the nodal body for trade. Power trade and exchange exist between
India & Bhutan and India & Bangladesh. While Bhutan is the sole power exporter,
Nepal and Bangladesh are importers Nepal is facing critical power shortage and is
becoming net importer. Power imports willincrease until 2016/17.
Electricity Act and Hydropower policyprovides provision for electricity trade. PTC, India is the nodal body for trade. Power trade and exchange exist between
India & Bhutan and India & Bangladesh. While Bhutan is the sole power exporter,
Nepal and Bangladesh are importers Nepal is facing critical power shortage and is
becoming net importer. Power imports willincrease until 2016/17.
NEA Transmission SystemExpansion Plan
To alleviate congestion and improve systemreliability. To increase the ability to distribute available
power to meet existing and future demands To meet NEA’s contractual obligation for
transmission with various power producers To increase NEA’s ability to import/export power To replace older transmission lines that are in
poor condition and no longer reliable.
To prevent equipment overloads and low voltages.
To alleviate congestion and improve systemreliability. To increase the ability to distribute available
power to meet existing and future demands To meet NEA’s contractual obligation for
transmission with various power producers To increase NEA’s ability to import/export power To replace older transmission lines that are in
poor condition and no longer reliable.
To prevent equipment overloads and low voltages.
NEA Transmission SystemExpansion Plan
• NEA annually reviews its transmissionexpansion plan. Of late, NEA has stoppedupdating TSMP. It simply carries out gridimpact study for IPP projects.
• For the past few years, the country is goingthrough the biggest energy crisis ever.
• Nepal already has “10,000 MW in 10 yearsand 25,000 MW in 20 years” plans unveiledto ease out crisis. This has lead to an ad hocrevised transmission plan.
• NEA annually reviews its transmissionexpansion plan. Of late, NEA has stoppedupdating TSMP. It simply carries out gridimpact study for IPP projects.
• For the past few years, the country is goingthrough the biggest energy crisis ever.
• Nepal already has “10,000 MW in 10 yearsand 25,000 MW in 20 years” plans unveiledto ease out crisis. This has lead to an ad hocrevised transmission plan.
NEA Transmission SystemExpansion Plan
The revised plan is basically designed to easeevacuation of power to be generated by IPPs.
DoED has already issued survey license formore than 9,000 MW.
To address the power evacuation problemsforeseen, the Government and NEA havedecided to develop many transmission links inphase wise manner. Plan is silent on how these will be
implemented.
The revised plan is basically designed to easeevacuation of power to be generated by IPPs.
DoED has already issued survey license formore than 9,000 MW.
To address the power evacuation problemsforeseen, the Government and NEA havedecided to develop many transmission links inphase wise manner. Plan is silent on how these will be
implemented.
Potential for PowerTrade from Nepal
• Total theoretical potential: >83,000 MW
• Economically feasible: 43,000 MW
• Storage capacity plants: 21,400 MW
• Existing capacity: 770 MW
• Projects under construction:
NEA and subsidiary companies = 1002 MW
IPPs = 297 MW
• Total theoretical potential: >83,000 MW
• Economically feasible: 43,000 MW
• Storage capacity plants: 21,400 MW
• Existing capacity: 770 MW
• Projects under construction:
NEA and subsidiary companies = 1002 MW
IPPs = 297 MW
Hydropower Potential of Nepal
Hydropower Potential of Nepal, MW
River Basin Gross Economical
Sapta Koshi Basin 22,350 10,860Sapta Koshi Basin 22,350 10,860
Sapta Gandaki Basin 20,650 5,270
Karnali and MahakaliBasin 36,180 25,125
Southern River Basin 4,110 878
Total 83,290 42,133
Load Forecast
-
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
Pea
k L
oa
d (
MW
)
En
erg
y (
GW
h)
Fiscal Year
Energy
Peakload
-
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
Pea
k L
oa
d (
MW
)
En
erg
y (
GW
h)
Fiscal Year
Energy
Peakload
Load ForecastFiscal Year Energy, GWh Peak Load, MW
2014/15 6,510 1,4262015/16 7,054 1,5432016/17 7,576 1,6542017/18 8,433 1,8372017/18 8,433 1,8372018/19 9,284 2,0192019/20 10,177 2,2092020/21 10,899 2,3612021/22 11,669 2,5232022/23 12,491 2,695
Load Forecast
Fiscal Year Energy, GWh Peak Load, MW2023/24 13,409 2,8882024/25 14,462 3,1092025/26 15,591 3,3462026/27 16,798 3,5982025/26 15,591 3,3462026/27 16,798 3,5982027/28 18,086 3,8662028/29 19,538 4,1692029/30 21,097 4,4932030/31 22,774 4,8412031/32 24,584 5,2162032/33 26,544 5,622
Planned Generation
S. No Year ProjectsInstalled Capacity (MW)
ROR Storage
1 2014/2015Chamelia 30Kulekhani III 14PPA concluded 72
Total in 2014/2015 102 14Total in 2014/2015 102 14
2 2015/16Upper Trisuli 3 A 60Upper Sanjen 14.8PPA Concluded 166
Total in 2015/2016 240.8 03
2016/17Upper Tamakosi 456Sanjen 42.5PPA Concluded 492
Total in 2016/2017 992 0
Planned and Proposed Generation
S. N. Year ProjectsInstalled Capacity
(MW)ROR Storage
42017/2018
Upper Modi A 42
Rahughat 324
2017/2018 Rahughat 32
PPA Concluded 217
Total in 2017/20178 291
5 2018/2019
Middle Bhotekosi 102
Rasuwagadhi 111
Trisuli 3 B 40
PPA concluded 246
Total in 2018/2019 499
Planned and Proposed Generation
S. No. Year Projects Installed Capacity,MW
ROR StorageTanahu 140
6 2019/2020
Tanahu 140Tamakosi V 87PPA Concluded 9.6
Total in 2019/2020 96.6 140
7 2020/2021Upper Arun 335PPA applied 200
Total in 2020/2021 535
Planned and Proposed Generation
S. No. Year Projects Installed Capacity,MW
ROR StorageROR Storage
8 2022/23 Dudhkosi Storage 300
9 2024/25 Tamor Storage 530
10 2025/26 Nalsing Gad Storage 400
Total upto 2025/26 2756.8 1314
Planned and ProposedGeneration
• Planned and proposed generation does notinclude: Export projects: Arun 3 (900 MW), Upper
Karnali (900 MW), Upper Marsyangdi (600MW), Likhu IV ( 120 MW)
Generation projects under study by NEA: AndhiKhola (180 MW), Uttar Ganga (300 MW),Kaligandaki 2 (660 MW)
Budhi Gandaki (600 MW), West Seti (750 MW)
Private sector projects not included after 2020/21
• Planned and proposed generation does notinclude: Export projects: Arun 3 (900 MW), Upper
Karnali (900 MW), Upper Marsyangdi (600MW), Likhu IV ( 120 MW)
Generation projects under study by NEA: AndhiKhola (180 MW), Uttar Ganga (300 MW),Kaligandaki 2 (660 MW)
Budhi Gandaki (600 MW), West Seti (750 MW)
Private sector projects not included after 2020/21
Transmission Projects UnderConstruction
Project Km Year Cost,M$
Source
Kusum-Hapure 132 kV TL 20 2013/14 6.30 GN, NE
Singati-Lamasangu 132 kV TL 45 2013/14 19.50 GN, NE
Hetauda- Siuchatar 132kVSecond Circuit
40 2013/14 2.80 GN, NE
Dumre-Damauli-Marsyangdii132 kV TL
56 2014/15 18.62 ADB, NG,NE
Butwal- Kohalpur 132 kVSecond Circuit
208 2013/14 17.30 ADB, NG,NE
Khimti-Dhalkebar 220 kV 75 2013/14 28.00 WB, NG, NE
Hetauda- Bharatpur 220 kV 72 2014/15 28.50 WB, NG, NE
Transmission Projects UnderConstruction
Project Km Year Cost, M$ Source
Bharatpur-Bardghat 220kV TL
73 2014/15 30.00 WB, NG, NE
Kabeli 132 kV TC 70 2015/16 41.00 WB, NG, NE
TCB 132 kV TL 28 2015/16 23.00 GN, NE
Kohalpur-Mahendranagar132 kV 2nd Circuit
198 2015/16 20.00 ADB, NG,NE
Dhalke-Bhitta 400kV TL 40 2014/15 30.00 IN, NG, NE
Hetauda- Dhalkebar-Duhabi 400kV TL
285 2015/16 139.00 WB, NG, NE
Trishuli 3 B Hub-Matatirtha 220 kV TL
46 2015/16 22.70 CH, NG, NE
Total 1256 426.72
Transmission Projects: Planned
Project Km Year Cost, M$ Source
Modi-Lekhnath 132 kV TL 45 2016/17 12.15 IN, NG, NE
Samundratar-Trishuli 3B 132kV TL
18 2015/16 7.00 ADB*, NG, NE
Baneshwor-Bhakt 132 kV 12 2016/17 25.36 NG, NEBaneshwor-Bhakt 132 kV 12 2016/17 25.36 NG, NE
Chilime-Trishuli 220kV TL 40 2015/16 35.00 EIB*, NG, NE
Koshi 220 kV Trans Corridor 110 2016/17 90.00 IN, NG, NE
Kali Gandaki 220 kV TC 150 2017/18 130.00 ADB*, NG, NE
Marsyangdi 220 kV TC 115 2018/19 92.00 ADB*, NG, NE
Marsyangdi-Kath 220 kV TL 85 2017/18 38.00 ADB*, NG, NE
Tamakoshi -Kath 220 kV TL 100 2016/17 75.00 AD, NG,NE
Solu 132 kV Trans Corridor 90 2016/17 15.75 IN, NG, NE
Total 765 520.26
Transmission Projects: Planned& Proposed
Project Km Year Cost, M$ Source
Ramechhap-Garjang-Khimti132kV TL
50 2015/16 13.50 NG, NE
Hapure-Tulsipur 132kV TL 20 2015/16 4.50 NG, NEHapure-Tulsipur 132kV TL 20 2015/16 4.50 NG, NE
Dordi 132 kV Corridor 20 2016/17 4.50 NG, NE
Gulmi-Lumbini 132 kV TL 30 2018/19 9.45 NG, NE
Dhalkebar-Loharpatti 132 kV TL 20 2018/19 9.72 NG, NE
Lekhnath-Damauli 220 kV TL 45 2015/16 16.88 AD, NG, NE
Damauli-Bharatpur 220 kV TL 45 2016/17 22.50 AD, NG, NE
Karnali132 kV Corridor 60 2015/16 20.00 NG, NE
Budhiganga-Pahalpr 132 kV TL 75 2017/18 20.00 NG, NE
Total 365 121.05
Transmission Projects: Proposed
Project Km Year Cost, M$ SourceKohalpur-Surkhet 132 kV TL 55 2016/17 20.00 NG, NEGulmi - Chanauta 132kV TL 60 2016/17 24.00 NG, NEBajhang -Attariya 132 kV TL 110 2016/17 40.00 TBDSurkhet-Dail-Jumla 132kV TL 110 2016/17 40.00 TBDSurkhet-Dail-Jumla 132kV TL 110 2016/17 40.00 TBDKaligandaki-Jhimruk 132kV TL 90 2016/17 36.00 NG, NEHetauda- Butwal 400 kV TL 190 2017/18 152.63 TBDLamki-Mahendra 400 kV TL 105 2021/22 84 TBDButwal- Lamki 400 kV TL 220 2021/22 176.00 TBDBardaghat-Gorakhpur 400kV 40 2019/20 32 NG, NE
Duhabi-Jogbani 400kV TL 20 2019/20 16.00 NG, NEDudhkosi 400 kV Corridor 100 2022/23 80.00 TBD
Total 1060 700.13
Planned and ProposedTransmission
S. N. Year Transmission Line, cct km132 kV 220 kV 400 kV
1 2014/15 354 440 802 2015/16 414 172 5702 2015/16 414 172 5703 2016/17 500 400 2004 2017/18 710 370 4705 2018/19 100 2306 2019/20 807 2020/21 6508 2022/23 180
Total 2078 1612 2230
Planned and ProposedTransmission
• The total cost of planned and proposedtransmission line projects is estimated atUS$1.8 billion excluding the cost of RoW.
• TL development is difficult in Nepal. The costof RoW is higher than the project cost.
• NEA plans to complete about 2400 cct km oftransmission lines over the next 5 years. Thiswill enhance the transfer capacity substantially.
• NEA is reviewing its long term TSEP.
• The total cost of planned and proposedtransmission line projects is estimated atUS$1.8 billion excluding the cost of RoW.
• TL development is difficult in Nepal. The costof RoW is higher than the project cost.
• NEA plans to complete about 2400 cct km oftransmission lines over the next 5 years. Thiswill enhance the transfer capacity substantially.
• NEA is reviewing its long term TSEP.
27th April 2011 29
Capacity Balance
Year Dry Season, MWGen. Peak demand Shortage
2014/15 735 1384 6492015/16 1010 1496 4862015/16 1010 1496 4862016/17 1071 1604 5332017/18 1694 1782 882018/19 1807 1958 1512019/20 1922 2142 2202020/21 2016 2290 2742021/22 2016 2447 4312022/23 2015 2615 600
Capacity Balance
Year Wet Season, MWPeak
DemandGen. Shortage
(peak)Surplus(peak)
Surplus (offpeak)
2014/15 1315 972 343 0 692015/16 1421 1189 232 0 2612015/16 1421 1189 232 0 2612016/17 1524 1363 161 0 404
2017/18 1693 1987 0 294 11262018/19 1860 2217 0 357 12962019/20 2035 2492 0 457 15332020/21 2176 2501 0 326 14482021/22 2325 2628 0 303 15082022/23 2484 2628 0 144 1428
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000En
ergy
, GW
hEnergy Availability
0
1000
2000Ener
gy, G
Wh
YearEnergy Availability, GWh Surplus Energy Availability, GWh Deficit
Rationale for RegionalCooperation
• Overall: Economic growth, cooperation and solidarity• Technical rationale: Optimum use of resources and
diversity in load profile facing each country.• Social rationale: Poverty alleviation; beneficial
impacts on health, education and quality of life.• Economic rationale: Regional cooperation would
result in•Improved reliability of supply•Enhanced trade•Environmental benefits from reduced level of
carbon emissions
• Overall: Economic growth, cooperation and solidarity• Technical rationale: Optimum use of resources and
diversity in load profile facing each country.• Social rationale: Poverty alleviation; beneficial
impacts on health, education and quality of life.• Economic rationale: Regional cooperation would
result in•Improved reliability of supply•Enhanced trade•Environmental benefits from reduced level of
carbon emissions
Issues/Challenges to RegionalTransmission Advancement
• Regional planning for optimal utilizationof energy resources
• National plan to support regional plan
• Creation of regional power market
• Promotion of private participation inpower sector including transmission
• Environmental issues
• Regional planning for optimal utilizationof energy resources
• National plan to support regional plan
• Creation of regional power market
• Promotion of private participation inpower sector including transmission
• Environmental issues
Issues/Challenges to RegionalTransmission Advancement
• Regulatory institution
• Performance standards:thermal, voltage, protectionsystem, stability, contingency level
• Harmonization of technicalspecifications, standards, GridCodes, reliability standards
• Cost allocation / timely recovery.
• Regulatory institution
• Performance standards:thermal, voltage, protectionsystem, stability, contingency level
• Harmonization of technicalspecifications, standards, GridCodes, reliability standards
• Cost allocation / timely recovery.
Barriers
• Political barriers
• Institutional barriers
• Legal framework and provision
• Pricing policies
• Financial barriers
• Political barriers
• Institutional barriers
• Legal framework and provision
• Pricing policies
• Financial barriers
Way Forward
• Data sharing and joint planning of potential powerprojects including transmission networks
• Reinforcement and expansion of individualtransmission system
• Greater interaction at both technical as well aspolitical level to discuss the issues of power trade
• Creation of a regional fund
• Reforming individual country markets
• Harmonization of standards, codes and planning
• Data sharing and joint planning of potential powerprojects including transmission networks
• Reinforcement and expansion of individualtransmission system
• Greater interaction at both technical as well aspolitical level to discuss the issues of power trade
• Creation of a regional fund
• Reforming individual country markets
• Harmonization of standards, codes and planning
“To accomplish great things,we must not only act, but also dream;not only plan, but also believe”.
Anatole France
Thank You
“To accomplish great things,we must not only act, but also dream;not only plan, but also believe”.
Anatole France
Thank You
