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Data Overview• Capital: Kabul• Size: Slightly smaller than TX• Population: 28 million (2011) down
from 31 million in 2006–80% Sunni–19% Shi’a
• GDP per capita: $800–80% in agriculture
Geography• Landlocked trade is
difficult/ expensive
• Mountainous faces earthquakes &
drought
• Extreme temps• 120°F in summer
• -15°F in winter
Geography•Limited water land is overgrazed desertification even harder to farm
•Covered by 5-7 million landmines
The People
• Some of poorest in world try to farm in place faced by drought, famine, & war
• Woman is drying dung to use as home insulation• Boy is carrying a melon across mountainous terrain
16 yr old works in textiles
Schools lack resources, desks, etc. Girls were banned from 1995-2001
US soldiers are very common & often interact with local people
Woman is part of work-for-food program making land suitable for farming
Women cover themselves to show modesty
Afghan men at Friday prayer
Opium• Supplies 90% of
opium in world (illegal- makes heroin)
• Makes up 1/3 of GDP
• Drug lords make millions– Govn’t trying to
eliminate to focus on useful crops
Political History• 1979: Invaded by USSR
– Guerrilla war backed by US• 1989: sign treaty with USSR• 1995/6: Taliban takes control of govn’t
– Strict Islamic law, no women’s rights• 2001: harbored al-Qaida, US bombed &
forced Taliban out• 2004: Hamid Karzai is 1st elected pres.• 2006: Taliban begins resurgence, US
fights
Osama bin Laden
• Lead al-Qaida: militant Islamic terrorist group• Takes credit for 9/11• Harbored by Afghanistan…killed by an American Special
Forces unit in Pakistan. Buried at sea in an unknown location.
Society under the Taliban
• Banned the keeping of pigeons and playing with the birds, describing it as un-Islamic.
• Ban on certain games including kite flying which is "un-Islamic" according to Taliban.
• Anyone who carries objectionable literature will be executed.
• Anyone who converts from Islam to any other religion will be executed.
• Non-Muslim minorities must wear distinct badge or stitch a yellow cloth onto their dress.
• Banned the use of the internet by both ordinary Afghans and foreigners.
Women under the Taliban
• Before the Taliban's takeover, Afghan women were:
• 70% of school teachers
• 50% of civilians in the government workforce
• 60% of teachers at Kabul University
• 50% of students at Kabul University
• 40% of doctors in Kabul
Women under the Taliban
• Complete ban on women's activity outside the home unless accompanied by a mahram (close male relative such as a father, brother or husband).
Women under the Taliban
• Complete ban on women's work outside the home, which also applies to female teachers, engineers and most professionals. Only a few female doctors and nurses are allowed to work in some hospitals in Kabul.
Women under the Taliban
• Whipping, beating and verbal abuse of women not clothed in accordance with Taliban rules, or of women unaccompanied by a mahram.
• Whipping of women in public for having non-covered ankles.
• Ban on women playing sports.• Ban on women riding bicycles or motorcycles.• Ban on women's wearing of brightly colored clothing. • Ban on women washing clothes next to rivers or in a public
place.• Ban on women appearing on the balconies of their
apartments or houses. • Ban on males and females traveling on the same bus. • Ban on the photographing or filming of women.
Women under the Taliban
• Ban on women dealing with male shopkeepers. • Ban on women studying at schools, universities or any
other educational institution. • Requirement that women wear a long veil (Burqa), which
covers them from head to toe.• Public stoning of women accused of having sex outside
marriage. • Ban on women laughing loudly. (No stranger should hear
a woman's voice). • Ban on women wearing high heel shoes, which would
produce sound while walking. (A man must not hear a woman's footsteps.)
Women under the Taliban
• Their foot ornaments must not produce sound. • They must not walk in the middle of streets. • They must not go out of their houses without
their husband's permission. • They must not look at strangers. • They must not perfume themselves. • Women's clothes must not be decorated and
colorful.• Women caught with finger-nail polish will have
their fingers cut off.
The Taliban• Ruled Afghanistan 1996-2001
– Women had no rights or educ.
– No TV, music, games, or sports
• When ousted, went to poorest ppl, warlords, al-Qaida & other extremists to gain support & recruits…
Mullah Mohammad Omar
President Karzai• Elected in 2001*, 2004,
2009– Democratic Islamic Republic
• Multiple assassination attempts
• Main Goals: – Improve infrastructure– Keep Taliban out of power– Control drug lords & trade
“The Price of Going to Class”
• Read NY Times article over life & education in Afghanistan
• In your notes, write a summary describing society for men and women under the
Taliban. Then differentiate life for women in Afghanistan and The United States.
• Has your value of education changed in any way after reading this article? In what
ways?