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CHAPTER 25AFRICA AND THE SLAVE TRADE
AFRICAN SOCIETIES
Many kingdoms
Diff. cultures
100 mil.
Religion?
Spirits, nature Genies
Economy?
SLAVERY IN AFRICA
Long tradition
Sources? War, criminals, outcasts
Servants, field, soldiers
Why? Different cultures
ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE
Why? Demand Race Historical
Muslims, 8th cent. Portuguese, 15th cent.
Slave trade 1450-1850: 12 mil.
Brazil: 42%
MAP 4.3 Triangular Trade Across the Atlantic The pattern of commerce among Europe, Africa, and the Americas became known as the “Triangular Trade.” Sailors called the voyage of slave ships from Africa to America the “Middle Passage” because it formed the crucial middle section of this trading triangle.
MIDDLE PASSAGE
1-2 monthsBrutalDeath (10-20%)Mutinies
CONDITIONS
Human cargo, profits
MAP 4.2 Slave Colonies of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries By the eighteenth century, the system of slavery had created societies with large African populations throughout the Caribbean and along the southern coast of North America.
FIGURE 4.2 Africans as a Percentage of Total Population of the British Colonies, 1650 –1770 Although the proportion of Africans and African Americans was never as high in the South as in the Caribbean, the ethnic structure of the South diverged radically from that of the North during the eighteenth century. SOURCE:Robert W.Fogel and Stanley L.Engerman,Time on the Cross (Boston:Little,Brown,1974),21.
SLAVE SOCIETIES
Dynamic
“AFRICAN-AMERICAN”
Blends Food, cooking Architecture Religion (santeria, vodoo)
SLAVE CULTURE
Traditions Instruments “call and response”
Cumbia Courtship
Jazz, guaguanco
Rumba (today: salsa) Son, guaracha
NO LE PEGUE LA NEGRA
Quiero contarle mi hermano un pedacito de la historia negra, de lahistoria nuestra, caballero
Y dice asi:Uhh!Dice!
En los anos mil seiscientos, cuando el tirano mandolas calles de Cartagena, aquella historia vivio.Cuando alli llegaban esos negreros, africanos en cadenasbesaban mi tierra, esclavitud perpetuaEsclavitud perpetuaEsclavitud perpetua
Un matrimonio africano, esclavos de un espanol, el les daba muy mal trato y a su negra le pego
Y fue alli, se revelo el negro guapo, tomovenganza por su amor y aun se escuchaen la verja, no le pegue a mi negraNo le pegue a la negraNo le pegue a la negra
REBELLIONS
Maroons Palmeras Suriname
Santo Domingo (Haiti) French Major uprising, removed slavery from
society
BUCCANEER
“Boucaniers”
1500-1700
Loot
Henry Morgan
CONSEQUENCES
High mortality, low fertility
War, violence
Population loss Africa
Capitalism
PERSPECTIVE
Change Consequences Contributions