NAME: _______________________ DATE:__________ PD____ Spring FINAL EXAM Review AFRICA Use your notes and textbook to answer the questions below. What continent is to the north of Africa? Europe Which of the following are causes of desertification? Animal grazing droughts severe storms deforestation What is the Sahara? What is the Sahel? How are they different? Sahara is a vast desert in North Africa. Sahel is a dry area south of Sahara that is in the process of desertification. The Sahel receives more rain What is the cause of Africa south of the Sahara losing fertile land? desertification Describe a traditional society? How is the type of work a person does determined? How is information passed? refers to a society characterized by an orientation to the past, not the future, with a predominant role for custom and habit. Traditions and practices are taught and passed down by the family List some of the challenges Africa is dealing with. Apartheid, Civil War, Diseases, Genocide, Blood Diamonds, Poverty and Famine, Child Soldiers What is colonialism? The establishment, exploitation, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies in one country by people from another country. Which of the following are some effects of colonization? (put a check) ___Land was distributed equally between social classes 1
Spring FINAL EXAM ReviewAFRICAUse your notes and textbook to answer the questions below.
What continent is to the north of Africa? Europe
Which of the following are causes of desertification?Animal grazing droughts severe storms deforestation
What is the Sahara? What is the Sahel? How are they different? Sahara is a vast desert in North Africa. Sahel is a dry area south of Sahara that is in the process of desertification. The Sahel receives more rain
What is the cause of Africa south of the Sahara losing fertile land? desertification
Describe a traditional society? How is the type of work a person does determined? How is information passed? refers to a society characterized by an orientation to the past, not the future, with a predominant role for custom and habit. Traditions and practices are taught and passed down by the family
List some of the challenges Africa is dealing with. Apartheid, Civil War, Diseases, Genocide, Blood Diamonds, Poverty and Famine, Child Soldiers
What is colonialism? The establishment, exploitation, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies in one country by people from another country.
Which of the following are some effects of colonization? (put a check)___Land was distributed equally between social classesX Colonial powers redrew boundary lines without consideration for tribal/ethnic boundariesX Natural resources/raw materials were exploited for the benefit of European powersX The entire region was colonized except for Ethiopia___Trading posts were set up but did not interfere with African politics
What push factors? Pull factors? Give examples of push/pull factors in Africa.Push factors – factors that make a person leave their home. Pull factors – factors that make a person go to a certain place. In Africa: famine/poverty, civil wars, genocide
What is a more developed country (MDC)? Wealthy countries
What is a less developed country (LDC)? Poor countries
Label the following as characteristics of MDC or LDC Low infant-mortality rate MDC Short Life Expectancy LDC High GDP or per capita income MDC
High literacy rate MDC High Birth Rate LDC High Death Rate LD
What physical feature is the reason for major cultural differences between northern Africa and the rest of Africa? They are separated by the Sahara Desert
Describe Africa in terms of natural resourcesThere are abundant (a lot of) natural resources
Which of the following religions is not common in Africa?Judaism Christianity Islam
Level of Economic ActivityWhat is primary level of economic activity? Give examplesEconomic activities that use the Earth’s natural resources. Examples include farming, fishing, mining, oil drilling, etc
What is secondary level of economic activity? Give examplesEconomic activities that change primary materials into usable consumer products. Examples manufacturing, refineries, etc.
What is tertiary level of economic activity? Give examplesProvide services to primary, secondary industries, communities and individual consumers.Examples include teachers, doctors, waitress, stores, etc.
What is quaternary level of economic activity? Give examplesEconomies have reached the technological level.People are involved in jobs such as information research, management and administration and have a mass consumption of goods and services.Found in countries with the highest level of economic developmentExamples: DNA Scientist, CEO of Company.
Less developed countries typically participate in which level of economic activity? Primary
What level of economic activity does manufacturing raw materials into products fall into? Secondary
The Highest MDCs have what levels of economic activities? Quaternary
Genocide in RwandaWhat is genocide? The systematic killing of a group of people based on a common characteristic
Who is the majority group? What percent of the population did they make up? Hutu, 80%
W ho is the minority group? What percent of the population did they make up? Tutsi, 19%
Why was there tension between the two groups? Belgium favored the Tutsi
What was the event that started the killings? The plane carrying Hutu president crashed
What is dehumanization? Give an example. Taking away human characteristics from a group of people. Hutus calling Tutsis “cockroaches”
Diseases in AfricaDue to poor sanitation and lack of access to clean water, what do we know about the birth and death rates in Africa? They are both HIGH
What immediate effect does access to clean water have on a country? It improves sanitary practices reducing the spread of disease.
What are some of the contributing factors to the high death rate in Africa?Famine poor nutrition poor sanitation disease impure water high GDP
Describe HIV/AIDS. What are the causes? Treatments? Weakened immune system allows sick to contract other infections. Sexual transmission, Blood Transfusions, Virus becomes full-blown AIDS. Drug “cocktail” (mixture of various anti-viral medications taken together) Expensive—can cost more than $50,000/year
Describe Malaria. What are the causes? Treatments? Spread by mosquitoes; Flu-like symptoms: weakness, listlessness, and fever. Malaria is 100 percent preventable and treatable. Bed nets (extremely cheap for preventions) and insecticides used to eradicate.Treatment: a pill a person can take that can cure malaria. Disease of poverty: unable to afford the medication or prevention tools.
Describe Tuberculosis. What are the causes? Treatments? TB is a disease of the respiratory system, 20% of the world's population are carriers; most will not develop the disease. Contagious – passed by coughing, sneezing and talking (saliva droplets);
Common symptoms linked to other problems: loss of weight, loss of energy, poor appetite, fever, cough, and night sweats. Globally, one person dies of TB every 20 seconds, even though drugs to cure the disease have been available for 50 years and cost only $25 per person
What has been the most prevalent disease in Africa over the past century? Malaria
What is the most cost-effective method of eradicating malaria-carrying mosquitoes? Spraying insecticides.
What disease has become resistant to some standard drug treatment? Tuberculosis
Define the terms below:Subsistence agriculture/farming – producing just enough food for a family’s use
Commercial agriculture/farming – producing food that to be sold for profit (large scale)
Commercial industry – producing products to be sold on large scale
Cottage industry - small-scale industry that can be carried on at home by family members using their own equipment
Traditional society - refers to a society characterized by an orientation to the past, not the future, with a predominant role for custom and habit. Traditions and practices are taught and passed down by the family
Desertification - the processes by which an area becomes a desert
Deforestation - the destruction or clearing of forested lands, usually for the purposes of expanding agricultural land or for timber harvesting
Epidemic - fast-spreading disease: an outbreak of a disease that spreads more quickly and more extensively among a group of people than would normally be expected
Pandemic - infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide.
Sustainable development – using resources in order to meet current and future needs.
List 3 factors that determine whether a country is least developed? High birthrate; high death rate; high infant mortality; low literacy rate; low GDP per capita; low ratio of doctors to people; short life expectancy
How did colonialism change the political systems in Africa? Traditional forms of tribal authority were weakened.
What does the term linguistic mean? Related to words
What is the Balfour Declaration? Passed in 1917 by the British cabinet. It stated support for the “creation of a national homes for Jews in Palestine.
What does OPEC stand for?Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
List 3 countries that are members of OPEC.Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela
What are the major goals of OPEC?Formed 1960 to control output and prices
What is a stereotype?Over simplified and often mistaken beliefs about a place, thing, or group of people often based on a narrow aspect of a trait applied to an entire group. Often negative—can limit understanding people as individuals; Visual stereotype—based on what something or someone looks like.
What are some common misconceptions about women in Islam? Muslim women are slaves to their husbands and inferior to them Women are forced by husbands
to cover Women are backward Women are oppressed in Islam Women are completely devoid of spiritual, social, economic or political rights
List and explain the 5 pillars of Islam.Must make a public declaration of faith.Must pray 5 times daily facing MeccaMust give alms to the poorMust fast during the holy month of Ramadan
Must make the Hajj – a pilgrimage to the holy land of Mecca (at least once in a life time if physically and financially able)
True or False TRUE Plate movement effect the creation of the Jordan Rift Valley. FALSE Plate movement effect the creation of the Petra Canyon.TRUE Plate movement effect the creation of the Ethiopian Highlands. TRUE Plate movement effect the creation of Mt. Kilimanjaro.
Use the word bank to complete each statementOil Water Kuwait Iraq Iran Palestinian urbanizationArab Jews Christians nationalism Israelis modernizationPersian Gulf Black Sea Indian Ocean theocracy democracy dictatorshipBalfour Declaration Zionism Diaspora Sykes Picot Agreement
IRAQ tried to take over oil rich KUWAIT but was forced out by the U.S. and other countries.
ARABS and JEWS both are fighting over land in the Palestinian region.
The desire of the Kurds to have an independent state is based on the principle of NATIONALISM.
Petroleum in the Middle East is mainly centered along the PERSIAN GULF.
A THEOCRACY is a form of government influenced by religion.
OIL is a strategic commodity is so valuable nations will go to war to ensure a steady supply.
Much of the Middle East is a desert and population is distributed near fresh WATER supply.
Identify the correct religion (Islam, Judaism, and Christianity) for each concept/term listed
Praying 5 times a day IslamMosques IslamSynagogue JudaismChurch/Cathedral ChristianityOriginated in Middle East Judaism, Christianity, IslamFasting during Ramadan IslamGiving Alms (money) IslamAbraham Judaism, Christianity, IslamHajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) IslamJesus existed Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Muhammad IslamQu’ran IslamAllah IslamJerusalem is holy Judaism, Christianity, IslamFriday noon prayer is most important IslamFriday night – Saturday Sabbath JudaismSunday is holy day ChristianityCatholic, Orthodox, Protestant ChristianitySunni, Shi’ite IslamOrthodox, Conservative, Reformed JudaismMonotheisitic Judaism, Christianity, Islam
MONSOON ASIA
Religion Identify the correct religion or religions for each statement below. Some statements may have multiple answers. A-Hinduism B- Sikhism C-Buddhism D. Islam
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1. A No single founder
2. C Four Noble Truths
3. D Five Pillars of Faith
4. B Guru Nanak
5. C Siddhartha Guatama
6. A Veda
7. D Quran
8. A,B,D Monotheistic
9. B Prohibit worship of idols or icons
10. B Five symbols used to identify members
11. A,B,C Reincarnation
12. B God is without form or gender
13. A Triumvirate
14. A Caste system
15. C Do not worship gods or deities
Determine if the following statements are True or False. If it is false, rewrite the statement to make it true.
T/F Sikhism is a polytheistic religion.F Sikhism is monotheistic
T/F Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path and nirvana are associated with Hinduism. F Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path and nirvana are associated with Buddhism T/F Buddhism is a monotheistic religion.F Buddhism does not believe in gods or deities.
T/F Cultural diffusion is the best term to describe the spread of Buddhism from India throughout SW Asia.
T
T/F Sikhs believe in the caste system, gender equality and tolerance. F Sikhs do not believe in the caste system
T/F Brahma, dharma and moksha are associated with Buddhism. F Brahma, dharma and moksha are associated with Hinduism
CasteName and describe each level of the Caste System. Include types of jobs associated with each level.
Brahmins – Priests, Teachers, Judges; usually don’t own land therefore need other castes to work the land and provide for them; thinkers/knowersKshatriyas – Warriors and Rulers (landowners); doersVaisyas – Skilled Traders, Merchants, Farmers; provide food for the bellySudras – Unskilled Workers—Laborers and Craft workers; do the workUntouchables – Outcastes, Children of God Below the four castes ; people who belong to no caste; Come in contact with animal skins, dead bodies and human feces
Answer the following questions related to the Hindu Caste SystemHow does the Caste System shape society?
Rigid, hereditary membership into birth caste Marriage only among member of same caste Occupation choices restricted Personal contact with other castes restricted Acceptance of fixed place in society
What is reincarnation?A person is born, lives, dies, and is reborn again many times. Souls are reborn many times until they are pure enough to be with the creator, BrahmaWhat is karma?A person’s social position in the next life is determined by his conduct in the present life.What is dharma?Code of behavior or set of moral and ethical rules that govern the conduct of each social class. Each group has a different set of rules to live by.
Population Density and DistributionWhat is the goal of China’s One Child Policy? To control population.
List three (3) reasons that Chinese families favor boys over girls? Boys will take care of their parents in their old ageBoys carry on the family nameBoys can serve in the military.
Which physical feature has most affected Japan’s population distribution? mountain
Arable land can be described as land that can be used for farming?
List three (3) things you can determine from this population pyramid.
There are more boys under 5 than girls.
There are more adults than children under 14.
There are more working people than retired people
What term is used to describe the technique of cutting out level ground from hillsides in order to grow crops like rice? terracing
Despite the health concerns related to the population, life expectancy in Japan is amongst the highest in the world.
Globalization
What is interdependence? A relationship between two or more people, regions, nations or other entities in which each is dependent on the other for necessary goods or services
Which is and example of economic interdependence?Japan selling technological goods to buy Middle Eastern Oil
ORSouth Africans mining their gold and diamond resources
Which term best describes McDonalds?multinational Corporation micro enterprise trade block
Globalization has led to a rapid increase in ______________?international trade population density transboundary pollution
Which word best describes this picture? Interdependence, free trade or scarcity
Agriculture and other Economic Activities Match each statement below with the correct form of economic activity.
A – Commercial Ag B – Subsistence Ag C – Cottage Industry D – Commercial IndustryA The entire family works on a pineapple plantation.B The family produces only enough food from its garden to live on. A The family grows wheat commercially. C The entire family weaves straw mats and sells them in a local market.
Match the following terms with the pictures below: commercial industry OR cottage industry.Cottage industry Commercial Industry
ConflictUse the Geography in the News readings to answer the following questions related to conflicts in Monsoon Asia.
North Korea Making More WavesWhat is the line that separates North and South Korea called? Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Describe North Korea’s totalitarian rule. North Korea’s government imparts complete totalitarian rule on its citizens. North Korea is isolated, secretive, heavily militarized and desperately poor. It has one of the world’s worst human rights records and often suffers from famines that have killed millions. Its people have no access to outside world news and believe that North Korea is prospering in spite of widespread starvation.
What is the present concern in regards to North Korea?That they will fire missiles at US Targets
Cambodia’s Legacy of TearsWho was the leader of Khmer Rouge’s communist leader?Pol Pot
Describe the conditions people lived in under the Khmer Rouge.The Khmer Rouge began a brutal and disastrous social reorganization, forcing urban people to relocate to communal farms. The middle and upper class population, including most of the educated and government workers, was assassinated. In just four years, two million – 20 percent of the population – died from overwork, malnutrition, and disease.
AUSTRALIA AND ANTARCTICAWhat was the first ethnic group who settled in Australia? Aborigines
Why did the British first settle in Australia? Prison colony
When are the summer months in Australia? The opposite of us. December- February
What is the greenhouse effect? What does it do? traps energy from the sun in the atmosphere
Why is Antarctica the coldest continent? Furthest away from the Equator. Gets the least direct sunlight.
Explain where the majority of the population of Australia lives and why. On the coast – the interior is mostly desert.
MAPPING Label the following countries and bodies of water on the map below.
BotswanaEgyptLibyaRwandaSouth Africa SudanAfghanistanIraqIranIsraelKuwaitSaudi ArabiaYemen
