AGE AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN DEPRESSION (BY USING EPIDATA)

FINAL PROJECTON

PRESENTED BY SYEDA ANUM AHMADNIDA NAEEMZEBA ANWER

INTRODUCTION:Depression is a serious psychological disorder that affects mental state of an individual for a long time. This mental disturbance sometimes occurs due to

sadness, the feeling of past and present experiences in one’s life .It affects people of all

ages, genders and background.

Purpose of study/Objective:

To identify an area for which indicators, entry program and reporting mechanisms are

developed by the significant use of epidata.

Types of depression

Types of depressio

n

MAJOR DEPRESSIO

N

BIPOLAR OR MANIC DEPRESSIO

N

DYSTHYMIC, OR

DYSTHYMIA

Continuous sad mood little or no interest in activities that were previously enjoyed significant changes in appetite, trouble falling asleep or oversleeping, loss of energy, worthlessness feelings with irrelevant regret, difficult in thinking and concentration, frequent thoughts of death or suicide

SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION:

Uses:Creating questionnaireControlled data entry Comparing 2 data files Importing and exporting data Simple analyses No limit on the number of observations

Epidata and its Use:“Epidata refers to a group of applications used in combination for creating documented data, structures and analysis of quantitative data.”

Justification:There are many questions that come in mind while studying the depression relationship:which age category is more vulnerable to depression? what is the peak age to study depression? Are women more vulnerable to depression than men? So these two indicators were selected.

Selected indicator

AGE & GENDER

BACKGROUND

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-1A, BDI-II), created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression.

BDI(Beck depression inventory)The original BDI, first published in 1961 consisted of twenty-one questions about how the subject has been feeling in the last week. Each question has a set of at least four possible answer choices, ranging in intensity. For example:(0) I do not feel sad.(1) I feel sad.(2) I am sad all the time and I can't snap out of it.(3) I am so sad or unhappy that I can't stand it.When the test is scored, a value of 0 to 3 is assigned for each answer and then the total score is compared to a key to determine the depression's severity. The standard cut-offs are as follows0–9: indicates minimal depression10–18: indicates mild depression19–29: indicates moderate depression30–63: indicates severe depression.Higher total scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms.

Method:

Method

Sample QuestionnaireData

collection ad data entry

Statistical analysis Result

SAMPLE:1.STUDY POPULATION:

The questionnaire was distributed involving participants from Aga khan hospital ,Darul sahat and Liaqat national hospital from non medical staff to nurses and physicians and medical students. Inclusion criteria were

i) the gender of the participants ii) their age group.

2.PARTICIPANTS: The sample of Participants was drawn from

randomly selected individuals with (N=100) females (N=61) and males (N=39). The sample consists of 16 (12-19 years) age teenagers, 72 (20-30 years) young adults and 12 (>30 years) Adults.

3.ASSESSMENT MEASURES: Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory- II ( BDI-II), The BDI-II measures level of depression with the following scale, 0-13= minimal or No depression 14-19= Mild depression 20-28= Clinical or borderline depression 29-63= Severe depression

Statistical analysis and discussion:

MINIMAL MILD MODERATE SEVERE0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%r Rate Of Depression according to gender difference

MINIMAL MILD MODERATE SEVERE

TEENAGERS(12-19YEARS) 50% 13% 25% 13%

YOUNG ADULTS(20-30YEARS) 31% 32% 22% 15%

ADULTS(>30 YEARS) 17% 8% 67% 8%

MINIMAL MILD MODERATE SEVERE0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

50%

13%

25%

13%

31% 32%

22%15%17%

8%

67%

8%

TEENAGERS(12-19YEARS)YOUNG ADULTS(20-30YEARS)ADULTS(>30 YEARS)

RATE OF DEPRESSION ACCORODING TO AGE

ResultAccording to the analysis of the data

Age Influence:young Adults mostly between the ages (20-30 years) are at greater risk of developing depression when checked, 15% of the young adults shows a sever sign of having depression while only 13% teenagers were diagnosed as depressed and the adults shows the least response and only 8% were diagnosed as depressed.Gender influence women shows increased ratio of depression as compare to men. 31% women were at the risk of developing depression with 25% more likely to diagnose depression while 20% were being diagnosed as depression while as compare to male only 5% shows the severity of depression. The overall observed ratio among and men and women is 3:1 that is every three women suffers through this disease to every one male sufferer.

ConclusionJustification for age:Adults have shown a different response as the age increases they show little interest in physiological activities and there severity to depression decreases. With the passage of time as they move towards older age they show hopelessness feelings towards life and their response towards severity of depression is minimal. Teenagers are independent and free from any kind of responsibilities and fewer teens were at clinical or borderline depression.Justification for gender:According to the gender differences females show greater response towards the severity of depression than males. This has also been proven from many past researches that women are more vulnerable to depression than men and they get upsets quickly at minor annoyances. Epidata is the useful software for data entry and analysis ,all possible analysis were done by this

software