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Agenda
• Finish presentation• Quiz• NOTES!
Homework
• Maps!• Quiz next class
After WWII
The Cold War
Reconstruction • Germany – Germany and Berlin divided among allies powers– France, US and UK combined and installed a
Democratic government • Japan – Occupation by the US under General Mac Author's
administration – Demilization – Democracy and economic development
New Institutions • United Nations
EUROPE AND UNITED STATES AFTER THE WAR
The Cold War• Containment
Western Europe• Expansion of democracy– Fascists discredited– Revolutionaries fall out of favor– Suffrage expanded
• Economic growth– Welfare state– Consumer culture
• New cooperation and institutions
Troubles in Western Europe• Inflation• “guest workers” and racism
Eastern Europe• Development of Communist Bloc• Secularization, collectivization,
industrialization• Soviet Union– Political stability after Stalin– Moderate and conservative
Troubles in Eastern Europe• Agricultural production• People attempt to escape to the West– Brain drain
• Motivation and discipline• Foreign policy failures• Environmental damage
THE COLD WAR Brief history and characteristics
HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=U9KX6ZKIGUE&FEATURE=RELATED&SAFETY_MODE=TRUE&PERSIST_SAFETY_MODE=1&SAFE=ACTIVE
Beginnings of the Cold War • Yalta Conference
Two Rivalries United States• Democracy• Free enterprise system
• President Truman:– Policy of containment – The Marshall Plan
USSR • Dictatorship • Communism
• Soviets set up puppet/ satellite nations in Eastern Europe
Characteristics of the Cold War • North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) vs. Warsaw Pact
• Korean War• Vietnam War• Berlin and the Berlin War • Cuban Missile Crisis • Nuclear weapons and the theory
of deterrence
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnLYYwltsog&feature=plcp&context=C498e671VDvjVQa1PpcFOzjT46cJ49FDHhkg7_kHennHcmZ23qaSM%3D&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
Agenda
• Quiz• Guidance• Lecture
Homework
• Outline of China
End of the Cold War• Collapse of communism in the Soviet Union
and Eastern Europe – Soviet economic collapse– Nationalism in Warsaw Pact countries – Tearing down the Berlin Wall– Breakup of the Soviet Union – Expansion of NATO
People of the Cold War • Indira Gandhi• Margaret Thatcher• Mikhail Gorbachev• Deng Xiaoping
Latin America
Latin America
• Already politically independent• But economically dependent– Foreign investment from West– Relied on exports and world markets
Governments• Authoritarian response to the Great
Depression– Leaders still in power in 1945
• Socialism and Marxism are popular after the war
Pressures for Reforms• Powerful elites• Oligarchic economy and politics• Repression of Indians• Poor conditions for agricultural, later
industrial, workers
Solutions in Latin America• Imposed stability and growth – Single-party Mexico, military governments
• Marxist revolutions– Land reform, social changes
• Liberation theology– Catholicism and social justice
Cold War Context
• US provided export market, development assistance, foreign investment– Created Banana Republics– Intervened often– Accepted dictators
• USSR supported revolutionaries
Radicals
• Usually supported by USSR• Succeed in taking power, but struggle in
making true reforms– Maybe social success, rarely economic progress
• Usually became elite-focused and authoritarian
Military Coups
• Nationalistic• Usually supported by US• Limited freedom in favor of stability and
forced economic development– Repressive dictatorships– Not more successful than other options
In Later Times (1980s)
• Military gave power back, more elections• Still problems– Debt– Inflation– Drug gangs
• Populism and socialism still possible
Social
• Women slowly gain rights, but about equal to West now
• Population expands rapidly• Population movement as well:– Political and economic refugees– International labor market– Most urbanized of Third World
Decolonization
DECOLONIZATION OF INDIA
HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=SYOAPZ19ABO&SAFETY_MODE=TRUE&PERSIST_SAFETY_MODE=1&SAFE=ACTIVE
Setting for Indian Independence
• Britain weak after WWI and WWII• Indian National Congress• Leadership of Gandhi• Political division
Gandhi
• Leader of Nationalist group – Passive resistance, civil disobedience: boycotted British
goods, refused to pay taxes, disregarded British laws– Used ahimsa (nonviolence) and satyagraha (search for
truth)
DECOLONIZATION OF AFRICA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sUy_197dYX4&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2903pxjYrc&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6HLJ0JDssaU&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
After WWII
• Resentment in imperial rule and economic exploitation
• Pride in African culture and heritage • Right to self-determination
Decolonization
• Mixture of peaceful and violent revolutions after WWII
• Colonies where lost by Britain, France. Belgium and Portugal – Helped by superpower rivalry during the cold war
Examples of Independent movements
• West Africa: Peaceful transition • Algeria– War of Independence from France
• Kenya (Britain): – Violent struggle under leadership of Jomo Kenyatta
• South Africa: – Black South African struggles against apartheid – Nelson Mandela: First black president of the
republic of South Africa
South Asia
Challenges
• Rivalries and sectarian violence• Population explosion• Parasitic Cities and Endangered Ecosystems• Women’s Rights• Cold War Rivalries and Development
Solutions
• Populism• One-party rule (or military)– Nasser in Egypt
• State intervention– India
• Religious Revivalism– Iran
Asia
• Japan• Pacific Rim– Taiwan
• China• Vietnam
Will break into the following groups • Eastern Europe after the fall of the soviet
Union • India/Pakistan• Israel/Palestine• Balkans• Persian Gulf• Ethnic conflicts (Rwanda and Sudan)• Failed states (Somalia, Afghanistan, Sierra
Leone, Liberia)• Affect / characteristic of Globalization
Directions
• Create the TOP 10 thing you will need to know about each item.
• Write it down in ONE piece of paper.