Agenda for 2-13

• Complete Short Answer• Questions on Unit 6 Review• Pollinate Plants and Check on Flies• Classification PowerPoint• Cladogram Construction and Review of PPTDue tomorrow- Guided Reading Ch. 25Due Friday – Survival of the Sickest – iPOD

Chapter / Quiz on Gene Expression

Classification

AP Biology

Classification

• Carolus Linnaeus (1700’s)– Binomial

nomenclature– Genus species

• Robert Whittaker (1969)– 5 Kingdom system– Kingdoms …..

• Monera• Protista• Fungi• Plantae• Animalia

Re-Classifying Life

• Molecular Data (DNA) challenges the five-kingdom system

• Monera (bacteria) are too diverse to be grouped together– 2 distinct groups/lineages of prokaryotes

• Protists are also too diverse• Work in progress

Re-classifying Life Continued

Five Kingdom System shape & structureThree Domain System genomic similarities

Three Domain Classification

• Three Domains/Super Kingdoms– Bacteria prokaryotic– Archaea prokaryotic

• Extreme bacteria – Thermoacidophiles,

methanogenic, halophiles

– Eukarya• Eukaryotes

***Fill in page 1 on Domains

Classification

• Grouping organisms into categories (taxa) based on their similarities

• Domain• Kingdom• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus• species

Scientific Names

• Developed by Carolus Linnaeus

• Uses genus and species

• Capitalize genus• Underline both

• Homo sapien • Homo sapien

sapien• Homo sapien• Homo sapien

sapien

Complete Classification of Humans

• Domain – Eukarya• Kingdom – Animalia• Phylum – Chordata

– Subphylum- Vertebrata

• Class - Mammalia• Order - Primate• Family - Hominidae• Genus - Homo• Species - sapiens

Classification Criteria• Comparative Anatomy – homologous

structures, embryology• Molecular Systematics –

– Amino acid sequences are compared. More amino acids in common means the closer the evolutionary relationship.

– More modern methods include DNA-DNA hybridization, where the nucleotide sequences of two different organisms are compared.

– Restriction mapping of RFLPs to compare mitochondrial DNA.

Classification Criteria, cont.

• Reproductive (species concept)• Behavioral Analysis• Phylogeny

Phylogeny

• The evolutionary history of an organism

• Phylogentic tree

Cladograms

• Phylogenetic diagram based on cladisitics

• What is cladistics? Analyzing evolutionary relationships b/w groups to form a family tree

• Clade branch in a cladogram

Classification based on Visible Similarities

Cladogram

Appendages Conical Shells Crustaceans Mollusk

Cladogram Development

Cladogram

Draw a Cladogram Using the Data Below

Dichotomous Key