Agenda for 2-13
• Complete Short Answer• Questions on Unit 6 Review• Pollinate Plants and Check on Flies• Classification PowerPoint• Cladogram Construction and Review of PPTDue tomorrow- Guided Reading Ch. 25Due Friday – Survival of the Sickest – iPOD
Chapter / Quiz on Gene Expression
Classification
AP Biology
Classification
• Carolus Linnaeus (1700’s)– Binomial
nomenclature– Genus species
• Robert Whittaker (1969)– 5 Kingdom system– Kingdoms …..
• Monera• Protista• Fungi• Plantae• Animalia
Re-Classifying Life
• Molecular Data (DNA) challenges the five-kingdom system
• Monera (bacteria) are too diverse to be grouped together– 2 distinct groups/lineages of prokaryotes
• Protists are also too diverse• Work in progress
Re-classifying Life Continued
Five Kingdom System shape & structureThree Domain System genomic similarities
Three Domain Classification
• Three Domains/Super Kingdoms– Bacteria prokaryotic– Archaea prokaryotic
• Extreme bacteria – Thermoacidophiles,
methanogenic, halophiles
– Eukarya• Eukaryotes
***Fill in page 1 on Domains
Classification
• Grouping organisms into categories (taxa) based on their similarities
• Domain• Kingdom• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus• species
Scientific Names
• Developed by Carolus Linnaeus
• Uses genus and species
• Capitalize genus• Underline both
• Homo sapien • Homo sapien
sapien• Homo sapien• Homo sapien
sapien
Complete Classification of Humans
• Domain – Eukarya• Kingdom – Animalia• Phylum – Chordata
– Subphylum- Vertebrata
• Class - Mammalia• Order - Primate• Family - Hominidae• Genus - Homo• Species - sapiens
Classification Criteria• Comparative Anatomy – homologous
structures, embryology• Molecular Systematics –
– Amino acid sequences are compared. More amino acids in common means the closer the evolutionary relationship.
– More modern methods include DNA-DNA hybridization, where the nucleotide sequences of two different organisms are compared.
– Restriction mapping of RFLPs to compare mitochondrial DNA.
Classification Criteria, cont.
• Reproductive (species concept)• Behavioral Analysis• Phylogeny
Phylogeny
• The evolutionary history of an organism
• Phylogentic tree
Cladograms
• Phylogenetic diagram based on cladisitics
• What is cladistics? Analyzing evolutionary relationships b/w groups to form a family tree
• Clade branch in a cladogram
Classification based on Visible Similarities
Cladogram
Appendages Conical Shells Crustaceans Mollusk
Cladogram Development
Cladogram
Draw a Cladogram Using the Data Below
Dichotomous Key