Presented by;

SAAMI HOUSESAAMI HOUSE

House Members

• Asif Baloch(Captain)• Sateesh Hotchandani• Ahmed Mujtaba Shah• Zohaib Shaikh• Shahryar Brohi• Wajahat Khuhro

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

• We would like to show our gratitude Ms. Fatima Shaikh,for giving us a good guideline for assignment throughout numerous consultations. We would also like to expand our deepest gratitude to all those who have directly and indirectly guided us in writing this assignment.

• Many people, especially our classmates and team members itself, have made valuable comment suggestions on this proposal which gave us an inspiration to improve our assignment. We thank all the people for their help directly and indirectly to complete our assignment.

What We will Cover....................

• Introduction of Agriculture• Types of Agriculture• Crops and their types• Cash crops of Pakistan• Problems of Agriculture sector• Recommmendation• Conclusion

Agriculture

• Agriculture is the practice of cultivating and farming animals, food and other life forms that are used to sustain life.

Types of Agriculture• Nomadic Herding

• Shifting Cultivation

• Intensive Subsistence Farming

• Commercial Plantations

• Mediterranean Agriculture

Crops

• Cultivated plants or agricultural produce, such as grain, vegetables, or fruit, considered as a group.The famous crops of pakistan is wheat, rice,cotton,sugar cane and maize most of the countries importing rice and maize from PAKISTAN.

Types of Crops

There are two crops season in PAKISTAN namely:

• RABI CROPS

• KHARIF CROPS

Cash Crops of Pakistan

• The crops which are grown in Pakistan in abundance & earn foreign exchange for the country are called cash crops"

•  Cotton• Wheat• Rice • Sugarcane• Fruits and vegetables

Cotton Cotton is called the plant of warm temprature regions.

It is said the for the first time cotton was planted in the Indo-Pak sub- continent 1500 years ago, before the birth of Christ.

Greek Historian Herdotus, has mentioned that a plant is cultivated in India from which wool is obtained.

From this the information was obtained that Indian cotton was exported to Europe and Middle east Countries.

Wheat Wheat is the grassy shaped plant and its height between 21/2

feet to 4 feet.

Pakistan and it occupies an important position in the crops of moderate regions wheat, compared to other crops.

• In the beginning was cultivated thousands of years ago and in the beginning it was cultivated in the Western Asian countries and in the Nile valley and valleys of Sindh and Dajla.

Rice

 Rice is also considered as an important element of human diet.

This grassy shaped plant is produced mostly in the areas having of hot and moist climate.

Many varieties of rice are cultivated in the world and these require different climate and other conditions.

Rice plant has the height from 3 feet to 6 feet and the grains in a plant ranges from 30 of 100 and sometimes this number increases to 400 grains.

Sugarcane The people of advanced countries of the world use sugar as an

important part of the diet for many years.

The people of ancient times were not aware of sugar and were not aware of sugarcane and other means of producing sugar. However sugar was being sold in the markets of China in the mid of eighteen century.

In the European countries sugar was only found at the tables of the nobles and rich people.

Sugar is obtained from the plant of sugarcane and in the beginning this plant was found in India and later on the Arab planted it in Egypt and in North American countries.

It was taken to West Indians islands, Brazil and other countries for cultivation.

During rainy season, gourds, cucumber, beans, okra and brinjal are common.

The winter season is the most important for growing a wide variety of vegetables including, cauliflower, cabbage, lettuce, spinach, onion, potato, carrot, radish, turnip, coriander, fenugreek and peas.

Sateesh’s Turn

Physical factors of Cash cropsCrop Temperature Rainfall Soil

Cotton 77 to 99F. 30 to 40 inches. Potash, Lime and Nitrogen.

Wheat 50 to 60F for plantation and 80 to 100F for harvesting.

20 to 30 inches. Proper quantity of sand ,clay & Nitrogen.

Rice 70F for sewing and 80 to 90f for harvesting.

40 inches. Loam.

Sugarcane 65 to 80F. 40 to 70 inches. Phosphorus & lime . 

Economical factors of Cash Crops

• For All Cash crops these 5 Economical factors are necessary:

1. CHEAP LABOUR2. USE OF GOOD QUALITY SEEDS3. MEANS OF TRANSPORT4. ARRANGMENT OF PROPER MARKET5. NEAR NESS TO MARKETS AND PORTS

Cultivation areas of Cotton in Pakistan

Sindh Punjab Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Balochistan

Sukkur,Khairpur and Hyderabad.

Vehari, Multan, Bahawalpur,Sahiwal, Jhang, Muzaffargar,Rajanpur,Okara, Faisalbad, Toba Tek Singh, Sargodha, Mainwali, Bakkar, Leiah and D.G Khan.

Peshawar, Mardan, D.I.Khan.

Lorali nad Lasbela .

Ciultivation Areas of Wheat in Pakistan

• Less productive areas of wheat production are included in all the four provinces of Pakistan. In these areas neither the land is fertile and smooth. No arrangements of irrigation are possible, so the farmers have to depend on rain. If it rains in time then it is possible to plant crop otherwise they have to depend on other areas for food and their other requirements.

Punjab

Sialkot,Rahim Yar Khan,Sargodha, Bahawalpur,Bahawal Nagar, Gujrat Muzaffaragarh,Leiah.

Cultivation Areas of Rice in Pakistan

• Rice is not cultivated in all parts of the country.

• 90% of the areas under cultivation is in the province of Punjab and Sindh.

• In the province of Punjab, area under rice cultivation is increasing.

• whereas in the province of Sindh,area under rice cultivation is decreasing.

• There is no area to compete with rice cultivation than the district of Gujranwala and Sialkot.

• Beside these other district such as Lahore, Narowl, Kasur, Sheikhpura, Okara, Hafizabad are included in second number.

• Sargodha, Hafizabad, Jhang, Toba Tek Singh possess secondry place in rice cultivation. 

Cultivation Areas of Sugarcane in Pakistan

Sindh Punjab Khyber pakhtunkhwa

Balochistan

Nawabshah, Hydrabad and Badin,Kharpur Thatha, Sukkur, Sanghar, Tharparker and Dadu.

Gujrat,Rahim yar khan,Sheikhupura, Sahiwal, Vehari, Bahawalpur, Muzafarghar, Leiah,Sailkot,Gujarnwala,Rajanpur, Dera Ghazi khan, Mianwali, Bakkar, and Khushab.

Pashawar and Mardan.

No cultivation In Balochistan.

MAJOR PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF PAKISTAN

1. TECHNO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS

   Limited Cultivable Area

•Total area of Pakistan 79.6 million hectares.•23.7 million hectares used for agriculture.

Water Logging and Salinity

Low Per Hectare Yield

Inadequate Infrastructure

Uneconomic Land Holdings

Old Methods of Production

Ahmed Mutaba’sTurn

2. Natural Problems

Various Plant Diseases

Natural Calamities

Under Utilization of Land

• 3.Socio-Economic Problems

Joint Family System

Illiteracy and Ill-health

Literacy rate is 57.7 in Pakistan

Political Instability

• 4. Fianancial Problems

Lack of Credit

Poor Financial Position of Farmers

He burns in debts,grown in debts and dies in debts.

Instability in Market Prices

MEASURES TO REMOVE THESE PROBLEMS

Supply of Agriculture Credit

Water Logging and Salinity Control

Construction of Dames

Provision of HYV Seed(HYV=High yielding variety)

Mechanization

Agricultural Research

Agro-based Industries

Tax Concessions

Training of Farmers

Prices of Agricultural Productivities

Conclusion

• Being an agrarian country,agricultural sector of PAKISTAN’s economy is still backward.Use of modern techniques,provision of credit facilities,basic infrasfucture and agriculture research facilities are needed to remove the all problems of agriculture sectors.