AGRONOMIC APPROACHES TO STRESS MANAGEMENT

Gurunath Upparatti PALB 5185

DEPT OF AGRONOMY GKVK, BENGALURU

Drought management strategies

1.Engineering approaches 2.Physiological

approaches 3.Genetic approaches 4.Agronomic approaches

Agronomic approaches

1. Choice of crops and varieties ( Silim .1993) found 49% variation in lentil lines

was a result of early flowering leading to drought escape .

In southern Australia and Northern south Asia average temperature at flowering <14-16°C cause terminal drought

Hence Sonali and Rupali are two varieties tolerant to chilling (Clarke .2005)

Table. 1 Performance of contingent crops during delayed onset of monsoon

Punjab AICRPDA

2.Planting date

• In Turkey delay in sowing by 6-9 wks eliminates blight and yield also reduced (Dusunceli et al.,2007)

• In Australia early sowing of lentil in april or may gives higher yield (Siddeque et al.,)

Table. 2 Performance of medium duration fingermillet cv.under delayed onset of monsoon

AICRPDA

Performance of medium duration fingermillet cv. GPU-28 under delayed onset of monsoon in 2012

3.Sowing depth • The effect of three sowing depths (2.5, 5 and 10 cm) on the

growth and yield of these pulses was studied at three locations across three seasons in the cropping regions of south-western Australia, with a Mediterranean-type environment.

• Mean seed yields across sites ranged from 810 to 2073 kg ha−1 for chickpea, 817–3381 kg ha−1 for faba bean, and 1173–2024 kg ha−1 for lentil. In general, deep sowing did not reduce seed yields, and in some instances, seed yield was greater at the deeper sowings for chickpea and faba bean. optimum sowing depth for chickpea and faba bean is 5–8 cm, and for lentil 4–6 cm.(Siddique and Loss .,1998)

4.Seed priming

• Pretreatment of seeds by various methods in order to improve seed germination rate, percentage germination, and improve uniformity of seedling emergence by controlling the water available in the seed.

Contd.....

• Pearl Millet / Cotton / Sunflower - 2% KCl• Sorghum / Maize -2%KH2PO4

• Black gram - 100 ppm ZnSO4

• Green gram - 100 ppm MgSO4

• Gingelly - Water soaking for 3 hours

Table 4. Comparison of means for seed priming effects on cowpea for field emergence and establishment

KAZEMI 2001 Iran

Table 5. Effect of seed priming on chickpea

Musa et al.2001

5.Plant population

• Thinning : Removing of every 3rd plant or alternate row may be removed to reduce the soil moisture loss and preserve it .

6.Straw mulching

6

AICRPDA

Weed mulching for conserve moisture and mitigate the drought

7.Intercropping

• Intercropping is a multiple cropping practice involving growing two or more crops in proximity. The most common goal of intercropping is to produce a greater yield on a given piece of land by making use of resources

NICRA

Intercropping

8.Water harvesting

Rain water conservation

• In-situ rain water conservation.

Continue Continuous Strench After plantation

Earthen Bund Before Earthen Bund After Plantation

Table. 7 Effect of in-situ moisture conservation in fingermillet + pigeon pea (8:2) intercropping system during 2012

Intervention Rainfall(mm)

Cropduration(days)

NetReturns(Rs. /ha)

B:CRatio

Yield(kg/ha)

Straw Yield(kg/ha)

Finger millet + pigeonpea (8:2) with conservation furrow

350 154 2106 4296 28642 2.72

Farmers' practice (Solefingermillet in Akkadi system and no conservation furrow)

247 120 1770 4030 22173 2.36

Finger millet yield

AICRPDA

Table. 8 Performance of cotton (RCH II) with supplemental irrigation from harvested rainwater

Thoothukkudi district, Tamil Nadu AICRPDA

Table. 9 Managing mid-season droughts with supplemental irrigation of pond water

Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh AICRPDA

9. Nutrient management

Table. 10 Seed yield and economics of kharif crops as influenced by foliar sprays under aberrant monsoon condition

AICRPDA

Table. 11 Effect of foliar spray on the yield and economics of chickpea

AICRPDA

10.Anti transpirants

Contd........

• Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) sprayed at various rates and times with phenylmercuric acetate (PMA), atrazine, and Folicote. Mean grain yield increases of 5 to 17% were obtained, indicating considerable economic possibility. Rates of application required were aproximately 60 g/ha for PMA, 130 g/ha for atrazine, and 2 liters/ha for Folicote.(Fuehring .1972)

Conclusions

• The all above agronomic approaches helps

directly or indirectly in stress management .• Somehow certain approaches laborious and

but those are important. • Antitranspirants reduce photosynthesis .

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