MULTILINGUAL DICTIONARY OF AGRONOMIC PLANTS

Multilingual Dictionary of Agronomic Plants

Edited by

S.Rehm

SPRINGER SCTENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

M u l t i l i n g u a l d i c t i o n a r y o f a g r o n o m i c p l a n t s / e d i t e d by S. Rehm.

p. cm.

I n c l u d e s b i b l i o g r a p h i c a l r e f e r e n c e s (p. ) and i n d e x . ISBN 978-94-010-4421-9 ISBN 978-94-011-0972-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-0972-7 1. C r o p s — N o m e n c l a t u r e ( P o p u l a r ) — D i c t i o n a r i e s — P o l y g o t .

2. B o t a n y , E c o n o m i c — N o m e n c l a t u r e ( P o p u l a r ) — D i c t i o n a r i e s — P o l y g o t . 3. P l a n t names, P o p u l a r — D i c t i o n a r i e s — P o l y g o t . 4. D i c t i o n a r i e s , P o l y g o t . I . Rehm, Sigmund. SB45.5.M85 1994

630' . 3 — d c 2 0 94-19353

ISBN 978-94-010-4421-9

Printed on acid-free paper

All Rights Reserved © 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1994 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1994

No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.

Preface

This dictionary is based on the data bank of the Institute of Tropical Agronomy and Animal Health at the University of Gottingen, Gennany. Data on more than 5000 agronomic plant species and their subordinate taxa have been collected here over a period of more than 20 years. Slightly less than half of these plants have been selected for this book. The vernacular names have been drawn primarily from handbooks and periodicals and completed from various glossaries. The editor is much obliged to the following colleagues who readily screened the vernaculars in their native languages:

English: Prof. N.W. Simmonds and Dr. P.M. Smith, both of Edinburgh; French: Dr. M.P. Fauvelle of Toulouse: Spanish: Prof. B. Vall~s and Dr. L. Diaz Lifante, both of Sevilla; Portuguese: Dr. ehr. Diederichs of GOttingen.

A special word of thanks is due to Dr. B. Fabig, who assisted in the composition and correction of the main part, and to W. Eisenberg, M.A., who was responsible for alterations and corrections in the course of fmalizing the manuscript, for the compilation of the alphabetical index of the common names, and for the print-out of the book. A dictionary of this kind can never be complete; some users may disagree with the selection of ver­nacular names, some may miss one or the other plant species or wish more languages to be included. The editor welcomes any criticism, comment or suggestion which may help to increase the utility of the dictionary for all users.

Gottingen, February 1994

v

S.Rehm Institute of Agronomy

and Animal Health in the Tropics Grisebachstr.6, D-37077 Gottingen

Introduction

This dictionary presents most of the agronomically important plants of the world whose vernacular names are used in the technical literature. Purely ornamental plants have been excluded. Besides the agronomic and horticultural crops, some medicinal plants, fodder and pasture plants, and ancillary plants (green manures, soil covers, shade trees) are included, as well as some of the world's most widespread weeds. The reader will also find some little-known plants which are beginning to receive attention, including species which are not yet cultivated commercially (e.g. Cucurbita foetidissima). Included are also some forest trees which are discussed in connection with agroforestry systems.

The scientific names given are those generally accepted as valid (4,9,12,14). In cases where the authorities differ, the Latin name used in the majority of publications was chosen. We have no ambition to enter the dispute on the validity of scientific names (e.g. Antelaea azadirachta versus Azadirachta indica) or on splitting of genera (e.g. Prunus versus Padus, Persica, Cerasus, Amygdalus etc.) The dictionary is intended to serve not only scientists in agriculture, botany or geography but also people engaged in agricultural extension, in trade with fruit, vegetables and raw materials, or professional translators. Only synonyms frequently found in the literature are quoted; they should suffice to cover all uncertainties.

The vernaculars are the names of the plants, not of their products, if such a differentiation is common practice in a language. Of the various common names for the same species in a country only those were selected which are in general use and found in technical publications. Vernaculars which are identical with the Latin name of a plant are quoted only in a few cases, particularly if an alter­native is a misnomer, as for instance" African tuliptree" for Spathodea.

The dictionary includes five languages: English, French, German, Portuguese, and Spanish. Spanish embraces the Hispano-American countries. If a common name is used in a multilingual re­gion, it is quoted under this region (East Africa, Pacific, West Africa). The same procedure was followed in the case of multilingual countries such as India; here not the language but the country is given. Countries' names are also given if a vernacular is used only in this country or if it has particular relations to this country (e.g. "canola" for Canadian cultivars of Brassica napus), even if today the name is commonly used also in the other countries or even languages (e.g. "pepino dulce" for Solanum muricatum).The same vernacular may be used for different species in different languages. Some of them, e.g. "anun" in India for taro, Colocasia esculenta, or "naranjilla" in Bolivia for lulo, have been retained in spite of the possible confusion. If applicable, a similar spelling of the same name in the different languages was preferred, e.g. "adzuki" in several languages for Vigna angularis. Artificial "vernaculars" such as literal translations of the Latin names have been omitted.

It is obviously impossible to present all vernaculars of a plant in the different languages, and not everybody will agree with our choices. But we trust that this dictionary will be a reliable help in identifying of plant species and in finding suitable vernaculars in foreign languages. The editor hopes that the book in its present form will lead to less ambiguity and more uniformity in the vernaculars, nationally as well as internationally - a wish shared by many people (1,8).

The following list contains the abbreviations for languages, regions and countries used in the dictionary; countries are represented by their national signs for motor vehicles as employed in (7), whereas languages are represented by a small letter.

a Arabic Pac Pacific AUS Australia PY Paraguay

BR Brazil RA Argentina CON Canada CH Chile

CL Sri Lanka Rl Indonesia e English RM Madagascar

EAF East Africa RP Philippines ETH Ethiopia s Spanish

f French T Thailand g German TJ China

IND India USA United States of J Japan America

MAL Malaysia Waf West Africa MEX Mexico ZA South Africa

p Portuguese

Selected Literature

1. Barnes, R.F., and Beard, lB. (eds.), 1992. A Glossary of Crop Science Terms. Crop Science Society of America, Madison, USA.

2. Bourke, O. 0'0., 1989. French-English Horticultural Dictionary. CAB International, Walling­ford, England.

3. Bourke, O. 0'0. , Fanjul, L., and Rendell-Dunn, A. J.,1987. Spanish-English Horticultural ~ictionary. CAB International, Farnham Royal, England.

4. Encke, F., Buchheim, G., and Seybold, S., 1993. Zander, Handworterbuch der Pflanzennamen.14th ed., Ulmer, Stuttgart, Germany.

5. FAD, 1983. Plants and Plant Products of Economic Importance. FAD Terminology Bull. 25. FAD, Rome, Italy.

6. Haensch, G., and Haberkamp de Ant6n, G., 1986. Worterbuch der Landwirtschaft. 5th ed., BL V Verlagsgesellschaft, Miinchen, Germany.

7. International Seed Testing Association, 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant Names. I. Field Crops, Grasses and Vegetables. 2nd ed., ISTA, ZUrich, Switzerland.

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8. Lazarides, M., and Hince, B. (eds.), 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants in Australia. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, Australia.

9. Mabberley, DJ., 1990. The Plant Book. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.

10. Rizzini, C. F., e Mors, W. B., 1976. Botfurica Economica Brasileira. Editoria da Universidade de Silo Paulo, Silo Paulo, Brazil.

II. Sanchez-Monge y Parellada, E., 1981. Diccionario de Plantas Agricolas. Ministerio de Agricultura, Madrid, Spain .

12. Schultze-Motel, I. (ed.), 1986. Rudolf Mansfeld, Veneichnis landwirtschaftlicher und gllrtnerischer Kulrurpfianzen. 2nd ed., 4 vols. Springer, Berlin.

13. Steinmetz, H., 1992. GlZ Bildworterbuch Pfianzenproduktion. GlZ, Eschborn, Germany.

14. Terrell, E.E., Hill, S.R., Wiersema, I.H., and Rice, W.E., 1986. A Checklist of Names of 3000 Vascular Plants of Economic Importance. USDA, Agriculture Handbook No. 505, Washington, USA.

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