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S AhmadCentral Electronics Engineering

Research Institute, Pilani

Workshop on

Embedded System in Automobile Industry

Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai

1stDecember, !!"

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Introduction

Automotive Industry QuestPassenger Car -Performance Improvement,Reduced Cost, Enhanced Reliability

Conventional Sensor - ES Replacement !e"er Possible Applications Earliest #se - anifold Absolute Pressure

Sensor - AP - $%&% Silicon Accelerometer - Airbag - $%%'s (arranty Period - $')ears* $+',''' iles

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Introduction

Improved uel Eciency, Emission andSafety - ederal Standards

.igher E/pectations - Performance,Comfort 0reater Availability - icro-controller,

emory, 1isplay and Enhanced 1iagnostics

2ery .arsh #nder the .ood Environment.igh 3emperature, Shoc4, 2ibration,.umidity, Corrosive edia, EC and RI

ilitary 0rade at 5o"est Consumer Price

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Automotive Sensor0lobal ar4et 0ro"th

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Automotive Sensor #sageEarly Estimate - $%%&

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Automotive IndustryES Sensors

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Product Evolution 3imeSchedule

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3op 3en ES ar4ets

icro-6uidic 7iochip

0lucose onitoring ES Sensor

3ire Pressure Sensors

.ard 1isc 1rive .eads In48et Print .ead

edical Condition 1etection 1evice

5arge ormat Print .ead

Automotive unction Enabling 1evice

A7S Accelerometer and 0yroscope

Automobile ass Air6o" Sensor

2enture 1evelopment Corporation

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7asic Auto ES

Re9uirements

Crash Sensing - Air 7ag 1eployment 2ehicle 1ynamic Control

Rollover 1etection System Antitheft System Electronic Par4ing 7ra4e System 2ehicle !avigation System

Seat :ccupancy * Passenger Position Climate Control 1igital Engine Control Road Conditions

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a8or 0ro"th Areas Accelerometer VDC and Airbags Pressure Sensor Transmission, Brakes,

Diesel Fuel Rails, Refrigeration, Tires, FuelEvaporation,Ya Rates, !"# Ba$kup

Position Sensor %&eel #peed,Cams&aft, Cranks&aft, "edal "ositions

.umidity Sensor Cabin Comfort 1istance Sensor Collision Avoidan$e

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Airbag 1eployment

Acceleration - Continuously easured Acceleration E/ceeds Some 3hreshold easured Acceleration Curve Integrated 5arge 2elocity Change - Airbag ired Steering (heel and Side Airbag iring Earlier Sensors - 1istributed g S"itch Insucient Information ; :n*:< 3ype ore E/pensive , 5ess Reliable ES Accelerometer - ar 7etter 0yroscope - A!A5:0 1evices -

Introduced

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2ehicle 1ynamicControl

21C - 2ehicle S4id Control

Contains = 0yroscope, 5o" g Accelerometer,(heel Speed Sensor

)a" Rate Prediction - Speed easurement

0yroscope easurement - Compared

5arger 1i

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2ehicle Rollover1etection

ore Appropriate - 2ans, 3ruc4s, Sport 2ehicle

Roll Angle and Rate easurement - 3ripping

0yroscope - Roll Rate, Integration - Angle > - A/is Acceleration ; Additional Accelerometer

Side"ays Sliding Cause Rollover - Curb*:b8ect

1ual A/es 5o" g Accelerometer ; Ideal Solution

Shoc4*2ibration Resistant 0yros - !ecessary ast Response 3ime 0yroscope - Essential

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Par4ing 7ra4eSystem

anual Par4ing 7ra4e ActivationRobust Push or Pull 3ype :peration

7ra4ing orce agnitude - !o Concern Electronic Par4ing 7ra4e - 7utton

Activation Sensor easures 2ehicle Inclination

7ra4ing orce Re9uirement 1etermined7ra4e Applied - Easy :peration

5o" g Accelerometers- Ideal 3ilt 1etection SensorSometimes ; Single Sensor #sed 7othAntitheft and Par4ing 7ra4e Systems

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2ehicle !avigationSystem

Standard eature ; 5u/ury Cars 0lobal Positioning System; undamental Part 0PS - Position and Altitude but !o 1irection

agnetometer ; Early 1irection Sensor5arge errous etal :b8ect - Confusedagnetometer Performance - !ot Reliable

Compass and 0PS ; Initial Start3ravel 1irection atch - ap 1ata - 1irection

0yroscope - (hen and .o" uch Car 3urned,1irectional 1ata atch - ap 1ata 0yroscope - .eading Information, 5o" g

Accelerometer ; Position 1ata , Integration

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Electronic Engine

Control Inta4e anifold Pressure- Air to uel Ratio

ass Air lo" 1evices- ES 2ersion

7arometric Pressure- Altitude Information

Rich to 5ean uel to Air i/ture 1ecision Cylinder Pressure easurement- Performance

:ptimiDation - PieDoelectric* iber :ptic Sensor

E/haust 0as Re-circulation- CapacitivePressure

Sensor ; 7etter Solution .ydraulic luid Pressure- Isolated 1iaphragm

3ype Con?guration, Sensor ; ASIC Integration

uel In8ection- Silicon uel In8ection !oDDle

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Sensor Cluster System Same Sensor amily - 2ariety of easurements

Accelerometer*0yros - Sometimes$+ Sensors

1icult Integration, #nsafe :peration ear Inertial easurement #nit - Si/ A/es Inertial

easurements, Proper location Signal Routing

Additional Stand Alone Sensors - Still Re9uired

Sensor Cluster Con?guration - oreEconomical

Solution, 7etter icro-controller #tiliDation

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Commer$ial '()t&e)#&elf*E*# "ressure #ensor

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B.-SiC .igh g PieDo-resistiveAccelerometer

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ARIES Airbag 1eployment 3est System

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3hree A/es ESAccelerometer #andia

+aboratories

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Delp&i Automotive #stem Air

Bag

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Pie#o$resisti%e Pressure Sensor $ CEERI

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&n' Pie#oelectric Acoustic Sensor $ CEERI

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Polysilicon (oad Cell $ CEERI

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Three A)es *ul+ Micro$machined

Accelerometer Test Structure $ CEERI

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Sensor Interface ASIC $ Schematic

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Sensor 'utut - .ithout Conditioning

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Corrected Sensor 'utut

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/ni%ersal Signal Conditioner - Resisti%e *ridge

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Intelligent Pressure Sensor Chi

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Caaciti%e Sensor Interface ASIC

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Conclusions

Automobile MEMS Sensor - Fast Growing Multi Billion Dollar Industry Growth Intelligent Sensor Development - Needed Intera!e and Signal "onditioning - Essential #ybrid Approa!h - Initial Stage ASI"s $se - "ommer!ial ASI"S Available Sensor "luster Approa!h % Better Solution

Already &ate Start % Sooner Starting Better

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