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Fall Protection Systems
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This presentation will discuss:
Why we need Fall Protection
&
The systems available to protect employees.
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Anatomy
of a Fall It takes most people
about 1/3 of a second tobecome aware.
It takes another 1/3 ofa second for the body toreact.
A body can fall up to 7feet in 2/3 of a second.
.33sec./2 feet
.67 sec./7 feet
1 sec./16 feet
2 sec./64 feet
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Statistics
How Can the Numbers Focus Our Efforts?
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Falls
Fallsare one of the leading cause of
fatalit iesin the construction industry.
In 2005 there where approximately 469fatal falls ,with the trend on the increase.
The cost of care for injuries related to falls
is a financial burden for the entire industry.
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What Is Fall Protection?
A series of reasonable steps taken to
eliminate or control the injury effectsof an unintentional fall while working
at a height.
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Philosophies of Fall Protection
Restraint/Positioning
Guardrails
Warning Lines
Safety Monitors
Controlled Access Zones
Safety Nets
Catch Platforms
Fall Arrest
Stop/Prevent The Fall Catch The Fall
Controlled Decking Zones
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Planning for Fall Protection
Best practice dictates that fall protection
becomes an integral part of the project planning
process, from constructability, to systems
installation, to use and maintenance A project cannot be truly safe unless fall
protection is incorporated into every phase of
the construction process
Planning will keep workers safe and minimize
liability for all parties involved
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Select fall protection systems appropriate for givensituations.
Use proper construction and installation of safety
systems. Supervise employees properly.
Use safe work procedures.
Train workers in the proper selection, use, andmaintenance of fall protection systems.
Evaluate the effectiveness of all steps
Controlling Fall Exposures
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Fall Protection Systems and
Components.
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Methods of Roof Fall Protection
SafetyMonitors
Guardrails andwarning lines
FallArrest
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Flat/Low Slope
4:12 Slope or Less
Beyond the Use of Guardrails, OSHAAllows the Use of
Warning Lines
Safety Monitors
Recommended:
Guardrails or PFAS where feasible Limiteduse of lines and monitors on flat roofs
only
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Roof Warning Lines
Must be 6 feetback fromedges
Warning linesmust bemaintained at
34 - 39 abovethe workingsurface
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Safety Monitor
Oversees work
outside the warning
lines.
Establishes theprocedure to protect.
Workers must receive
special training.
Use should be
extremely limited
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High Slope
Over 4:12 Slope
OSHA Mandates
Guardrails
Catch Platforms
Nets
Restraint Devices
Personal FallArrest Systems(PFAS)
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Roof Guardrails
Guardrails are a positive option on high slope roofs
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Personal Fall Arrest Systems
Anchorage
Body Harness
Connector
Beam
Wraps
Lanyards
Caribiners
Rope
Grabs
Positioning
Harnesses
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Anchorages
Must support 5000 lbs. per employee
attached,
Or as part of a complete personal fall arrest
system which maintains a safety factor of at leasttwo
Or 3000 lbs. when using fall restraint or a Self-
Retracting Lifeline (SRL, Retractable, or yo-yo)which limits free fall distance to 2 feet
Should always be at or above D-ring height
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Roof & Deck Anchors
Wood Roof
Anchor
Metal Roof
Anchor
Permanent
Anchors
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Use of Eye Bolts
Rated for loading
parallel to the bolt
axis. If wall mounted, the
rating perpendicular
to the axis must be
good for 5,000 lbs.per employee
Rated
Needed
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Girder Grip Anchorage
Rings
These attachments can be mounted throughbolt holes on steel members.
They are rated at 5,000 lbs. in all directions
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Beam Clamps
TIGHT
PIN SET
BEAM
CLAMP
Beam clamps can make an effective anchorage when used properly, andwith the correct lanyard
Be sure pin is inserted full length and
clamp is tight.
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Beware of potent ial for pul l ing off of coped ends
on f i l ler beams!
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Horizontal Life Lines
Provide maneuverability.
Must be designed,installed and used under
the guidance of a
qualified person
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Line Stanchions
The connection
of the linestanchion to theflange mustsupport the
bending momentapplied to thebase.
5,000lb.
BendingMoment
15,000 ft-lb
3 ft.
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Body (Harnesses)
Need to be inspected frequently (daily
before use by the worker, at least monthly
by a Competent Person)
Should never be modified
Should be taken out of service
immediately if defective or exposed to an
impact
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Harness Fitting
Harness must be sized for the worker
Chest strap tightened
at mid chest
Butt strapsupports the load
Proper snugnessshoulder to hips
Leg straps snug butnot binding
D ring between
shoulder blades
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Proper Adjustment Is Key
Rules of ThumbBe able to reach your D-
ring with your thumb
Maximum Four (flat)
Fingers of Slack at the legs,straps as high as
comfortably possible
Ensure chest strap is
across the
chest/breastbone
Have a buddy double
check for twists, etc
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Harness Pressure Points
Spread load
across butt strap
and belt strap if
on the harness
Excess pressure here can
cut blood flow to the legs
Some stud ies have indicated permanent damage to the lower extremit ies when
the work er hangs for mo re than twenty (20) min utes
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Connectors (Lanyards)
Should be inspected before each use
Should not be tied back to themselves(unless specifically designed for such use)
Should be worn with the impactabsorber/shock pack at the d-ring
Should have the appropriate clip for the
intended anchorage points Do not use large climbing/rebar/ladder hooks
with beamers
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Free Fall Distance
How far a worker falls before shock absorbing
or deceleration equipment begins to take effect
Affects both impact forces and total fall distance
Anchorage point location in relation to D-ring
height
Below the D-ring allows excessive falls
Above the D-ring minimizes free fall to less than 6
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Impacting Structures Below
(Total Fall Distance)
Consider:
anchorage point location in relation to D-ring
height
lanyard length,
harness elongation,
shock absorber opening length,
body below D-ring body viscosity (soft tissue injuries!)
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Impacting Structures Below
(Total Fall Distance)
6 Lanyard Length
3.5 Deceleration Device
5 From D-Ring to
Workers Feet
3 Safety Factor (stretch,
bounce, etc.)
Total 18.5
belowanchorage
point
All distances are approximate, and shown for illustration only. This is why it is critical to maintain the safety factor distance!
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Retractable
Lifelines
Very effective for verticalapplications.
Will normally lock up in 12
feet, minimizing total fall
distance and impact forceson the workers body
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Do Not Hook Lanyards
to Retractables! This worker is hooked
to a retractable lifeline
with his lanyard. This can cause hook
failures and affect the
locking capability of the
retractable.
The retractable should
be attached directly to
the D ring.
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Positioning Systems
Positioning Devices
Provide Hands-free
Work
Additional FallProtection (tie-off) may
be required to move or
access
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Fall Restraint
Fall restraint assumes the employee cannot reach the
edge. He is basically on a short leash.
If the employee could reach to the edge and fall over theedge, he must be in fall arrest.
Restraint Line
Edge
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Use of Restraint Cables
RESTRAINT CABLE
Example of restraint cables used during deck
anchoring.
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Wood Guardrail Construction
Proper Height
Midrails
Toeboards
Adequate Strength
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Use of Braces for Guardrails
Brace can be used as a Top Rail.
Platform
38 - 48"Install Mid Rail
< 48"
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Use of Braces for Guardrails
Brace can be used as a Mid Rail
Platform
20 - 30"
Install Top Rail
< 48"
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Braces as
Guardrails
The guardrails arein complianceusing a 2x4 as one
rail and the braceas the other rail. May not be the
safest way
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Use of Safety Nets
Assumes the fall will occur
Assumes adequacy of the
system (or requires testing)
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Nets
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Sky Web
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Planning For Rescue
Worst-case Scenario?
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When All Works!
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Rescue Plan Put Into Motion
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Safe
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On The Ground And Still Alive!
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Any Questions?
