AIR LIQUIDE / Lurgi
Your Partner for XtL Technologies
4th International Freiberg XtL Conference3.-6. May 2010, Dresden, Germany
Max-Michael Weiss – Director Gas Production and Gas Cleaning TechnologiesDr.-Ing. Waldemar Liebner – Director GTC Technology
2AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
� Introduction� The Air LIQUIDE Group With Lurgi
� Air LIQUIDE Engineering and Construction
� Lurgi Technologies� References
� Food for thought:
Non-Conventional Feedstocks and Sustainable Develop ment
� Selection of XtL routes from AL / Lurgi’s Portfolio
� Conclusion
Agenda for Today
3AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
� Total Sales 2009 € 12 000 M� Customers > 1,000,000� Employees 42,300 � Companies Owned 125� Operating in Countries 75� Operating Plants > 600� Rating By Standard & Poors A+
� Weathering the Economic Crisis Well
� Ranked In The Forbes 500
� Chemical Week Worldwide 14(Ranked By Chemical Sales)
� Four Main Business Lines – Large Industry, Electronics, Healthcare, Industrial Merchant
Air LIQUIDE Today – Largest Industrial Gas Company
4AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
� Air Separation Units 409� O2 Production 132 kt/d� N2 production 97 kt/d
� Hydrogen, Syngas and Carbon Monoxide Manufacturing Units 60� H2 production > 1.1 Million m3/h� CO production 82,700 m3/h
� H2 Purification Units 20
� Cogeneration Trains 20� Electricity 1,060 MW� Steam 5,000 t/h
� Pipelines >8,500 km
AIR LIQUIDE: Large Industry in 36 Countries
5AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
Houston
Champigny
Hyderabad
Harima
Shanghai
Hangzhou
1 500 Employees in 6 Engineering Centers
E&C Cryogenics
Vitry
Engineering and Construction – World Wide Resources
Madrid
Frankfurt Krakow
Delhi
Johannesburg
Memphis
1 300 Employees in 8 Engineering Centers
Beijing
E&C Lurgi
6AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
Fertilizers
Synfuels
Chemicals
H2 for Refineries
Power
SNG
CO2
Sulfur
Natural GasShale GasCBM(all CH4)
Residue
Pet-Coke
Coal
Biomass
Turbine
Methanation
N2 Wash + H2
Fischer-Tropsch
Methanol Synthesis
Chemical SynthesisDME/MTP
Syngas for DRI
Raw Material Syngas Final Products
Sulfur Recovery
CO Cold Box
(CO2) RectisolStage 2
PSA / Membrane
CO Shift
(Sulfur)Rectisol Stage 1
ProcessesSyngas Purification
ASU
AL and Lurgi Capability
Gasification
Lurgi Technology Portfolio – Conversion Markets
SMRATRCR
(incl. ZnO)
7AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
Atlas MegaMethanol Plant, Trinidad (5,000 TPD)
Shell OxyClaus®, Houston, Texas
Selected Lurgi References in the World
KHARG Methanol Plant, Kharg, Iran
8AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
SyngasPlant
Poly-propylene
Plant
MTP®
Plant
Methanol Plant
471 kt/a Propylene
465 kt/aPolypropylene
12.3 Mio Nm³/dSyngas
185 kt/aGasoline
41 kt/aLPG
CoalCoal Gasification
Syngas Plant
1.97 Mt/a 11.3 Mio Nm³/d HyCO 1,667kt/a MeOH
Two Complete Methanol to Propylene Complexes
Shenhua, Ningmei: CO-Shift, Rectisol, OxyClaus, Methanol , Propylene,
Datang, Inner Mongolia: Rectisol, OxyClaus, Methanol , Propylene
New Lurgi Technology References
9AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
41% of Total Global Gasification Capacity
75% of Global Coal Gasification Capacity
Source: GTC 2005
China 7
South Africa 80
USA 14
Shanxi-Tianji Coal Chemical Company, Shanxi
Sasol Synfuels, Secunda
Yima Coal Gasification , Henan
Dakota Gasification Company (DGC)Beulah, North Dakota (SNG)
101 Lurgi Gasifiers in Operation and the Only Large SNG Plant
Selected Lurgi References in the World
10AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
� Available by Air Liquide and Lurgi� Air Gases
• ASU, Vacuum Swing Adsorption, Membranes� Syngas Generation
• Steam Methane Reforming• Auto-thermal Reforming• Gasification (Solids and Residues)
� Syngas Purification• Cryogenic Separation of H2 and CO• PSA, Membranes• Rectisol, Purisol, Omnisulf, Aquisulf
� End Products• Methanol, DME, MTP, Synthetic Natural Gas• Fischer Tropsch• Petrochemicals, Aromatics, • Bio-Products
� By-Products• Sulfur – Sulfur Recovery Units, Oxy-Claus• Carbon Dioxide Recovery and Purification
� Integration of any Process in any Plant
Technology / Engineering / Equipment
11AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
Food for thought:
Natural Gas and Non-Conventional Feedstocks (shale gas, CBM)
and Sustainable Development
12AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
-statement: The Challenge Now Is Building Demand for Natural Gas in a Carbon Constrained World
The natural gas resource base, particularly with the worldwide pursuit of gas shales and unconventional gas, is large. It could provide lower CO2emissions options for power generation and possibly for transportation than from continued use of coal and oil.
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Coal Natural Gas
# of CO2/kw
h
0.99(32% E)*
0.75(43% E)*
0.34(54% E)*
Source: EnCana 2009
CO2/SO2 Emissions
by Fuel Type (lbs/BBtu)
CO2 Emissions for
Electricity (lbs/kWh)
*E - - efficiency of the power plant
13AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
(e)3,760
2,100
790
300
320
250
Resource
Endowment
(Tcf)
302Woodford
1301Haynesville
200-Marcellus
45025Total
503Fayetteville
4019Barnett
Undeveloped
Recoverable
Resource
(Tcf)*
Produced/
Proved
Reserves
(Tcf)*
Five of the “Magnificent Seven” gas
shale plays are in the Eastern U.S.
Eastern U.S. Gas Shale BasinsEastern U.S. Gas Shale Basins
Source: Advanced Resources International
14AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
An
nu
al
Pro
du
ctio
n (
Dry
, B
cf/
d)
Other Barnett Fayettevi l le Woodford Marcel lus
Haynes vi l le Montney Horn River
How Much Do Gas Shales Contribute Today?How Much Do Gas Shales Contribute Today?
JAF2009059.XLS
(e)
Production from North American gas shales has gown by ten-fold during this decade and is expected to exceed 11 Bcfd (320 Mcmd) this coming year.
U.S. 2000 2009 (e) 2010 (e)(Bcfd) (Bcfd) (Bcfd)
Haynesville - 0.9 1.6Marcellus - 0.2 0.7Woodford - 0.5 0.7Fayetteville - 1.4 1.8Barnett 0.2 4.6 4.8Other 0.9 0.8 0.8
Sub-Total 1.1 8.5 10.4
CanadaMontney - 0.6 0.8Horn River - 0.1 0.2
Sub-Total 0.7 1.0
Total 1.1 9.2 11.4
Source: Advanced Resources International
15AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
JAF02052.CDR
Are Gas Shales Economically Affordable?
With a new understanding of supply costs, unconventional gas and particularly the higher quality gas shales make up the low costportion of today’s North American natural gas price/supply curve.
Prior PerceptionPrior Perception New UnderstandingNew Understanding
Gas Resources Gas Resources
Gas
Pric
es
Gas
Pric
es
ConventionalGas
UnconventionalGas (Gas Shale)
UnconventionalGas (Gas Shales)
ConventionalGas
Source: Advanced Resources International
16AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
• CBM: 1,270 Tcf GIP. Over 3,000 drilled wells; horizontal CBM wells show promise in the Qinshui Basin.
• Tight Gas: Producing >400 MMcfd from the Ordos Basin.
• Recently, Shell and PetroChina signed an agreement to appraise the gas shale basins of Sichuan.
BAOTOU
Yinchuan
Hohhot
Datong
XIAN
TAIYUANYulin
Yanan
ZHENGZHOU
I N N E R M O N G O L I A
N I N G X I A
S H A A N X I
H E N A N
S H A N X I
GA
NS
U
JAF02053.CDR
105o
105o
o40
o35
Y e l l o wR i v e r
R i v e r
W e i
1:5,000,000
O r d o s
B a s i nQ i n s h u i
B a s i n
0 100
km
T a i d o n g
B a s i n s
ChinaChina ’’s CBM, Tight Gas and s CBM, Tight Gas and Gas Shale Resources Gas Shale Resources
Are Large and ChallengingAre Large and Challenging
Source: Advanced Resources International
Source: Advanced Resources International
17AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
� Feedstocks Dependency� Availability
� Cost
� Energy Diversity
� Technological Advancements for Their Use
� Carbon Dioxide Emission Mitigation Policies
� Political Willingness and Determination
� Can Be As Complex or As Simple as People Can Make It
� Examples• United States – Liberal Market Policies
• China – Directed Policies
No Such Things as Non-Conventional Feedstocks!
18AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
� Politics/Policy – Beyond the Scope of This Presentat ion!!!
� Using the Right Processes – for Which Products?
� Feedstock Issues• Availability and Costs
• Applicable Technology
• Life-Cycle Assessments
� Pre Emissions Issues – Designing For Energy Efficien cy and Feedstock Utilization
� Operational Efficiency – Start-ups/Shutdowns and Ste ady State Issues
� Post Emissions Treatment /Issues• Capture Technology – The Right Choice for the Right Process and Right Application
• Agglomeration of Sources
• Sequestration – Not as Easy as It Sounds
� Business Models� Management of Risks – Contractual Obligations Are No t Defined Anywhere in the World
How Can We Deal With Carbon Dioxide Emissions?
19AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
Air LIQUIDE
Lurgi Cleaning
Synthesis Gas
(CO + H2)
Pilot Fast-Pyrolysis Plant In Karlsruhe, Germany
Converts 500 Kg/Hr Biomass.
SyntheticHydrocarbons
MPG Gasificationor
Oxy-Combustion
Bio-OilLurgi Fast Pyrolysis Technology
Lurgi
Fischer-Tropsch
or Chemical
Processes
Decentralized
Fast-PyrolysisBiomass
Processes - Biomass to Liquids (BTL) Concept and Tec hnology
20AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
� There is a World Wide Willingness to Use Biomass as a Feedstock, but Several Issues Prevent It From Being Universally Applicable or More Commercial
� Political Support – Indecision, Fleeting and Unrelia ble, Long Term Support?
� Besides Concerns on Land/Food Limits There are Othe r Issues That Must Be Addressed
• Long Term Availability of Feedstock
• Communication and Education Required to Fend Off Ve sted Interests
� Logistics of Collection, Transport and Use
• Single Largest Problem Needing Resolution
• Impacts Scale and Economics
� Cost Versus Alternatives
• The Price of Crude Is a Constant Constraint/Threat
� Technological Applicability
• Preparation of Biomass for Processes
• Gasification/Syngas Production and Syngas Cleaning
• Downstream Processing
� Life Cycle Assessment
• Can be Controversial and Methodologies Not Coherent
Processes - Biomass Usage Realities
21AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
Natural GasGrid
SyntheticHydrocarbons
Feed
Preparation
Pet-Cokeand/or
Residue
Processes - Pet-Coke / Residue to Liquids (P/RTL), S NG or Power
MethanationLurgi SNG
Air LIQUIDE
Lurgi Cleaning
Synthesis Gas
(CO + H2)MPG Gasification
orOxy-Combustion
Lurgi
Fischer-Tropsch
or Chemical
Processes
Sulfur as a By-Product
22AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
Processes - Pet-Coke / Residue Realities – After Many Studies!
� Pet-coke and Residue Gasification is Easier to do t han Biomass Gasification
� Feedstocks are Available in India, but….
� There is a Need for Government Support for Power Pr oduction
• Government Tariffs or Financing Guarantees
• When Will These Be Available, Although Governments Understand The Need
� Value Added Products Need to be Manufactured
� Which Chemical Markets Addressed – Do Alternative So urces Exist and at What Price?
� Variability of Crude Price Must be Taken into Accou nt
� Alternatives for Pet-coke Exist – Cement Industry/Co nventional Power.
� Pricing Variability Must Be Considered By Producer/ User
� Alternatives still (!) Exist for Residues – Bunker(s) and Power Production
� Carbon Dioxide Mitigation Policies Required
� Where Will Carbon Dioxide Be Collected
• Syngas Cleaning Process
• Chemical Process
• Power Production – H2/N2 Stream or Use SNG Process
� Trends Seem to Support Use of These Feedstocks, But CAPEX Issues Force Many Project Developers to Reconsider…So Far!
23AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
Natural GasGrid
SyntheticHydrocarbons
Feed
Preparation
High Ash Coal
Processes - High Ash Coal to Liquids CTX, SNG or Pow er
MethanationLurgi SNG
Air LIQUIDE
Lurgi Cleaning
Synthesis Gas
(CO + H2)FBDBGasification
Lurgi
Fischer-Tropsch
or Chemical
Processes
Sulfur as a By-Product
24AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
Fertilizers
Synfuels
Chemicals
H2 for Refineries
Power
SNG
CO2
Sulfur
Natural GasShale GasCBM(all CH4)
Residue
Pet-Coke
Coal
Biomass
Turbine
Methanation
N2 Wash + H2
Fischer-Tropsch
Methanol Synthesis
Chemical SynthesisDME/MTP
Syngas for DRI
Raw Material Syngas Final Products
Sulfur Recovery
CO Cold Box
(CO2) RectisolStage 2
PSA / Membrane
CO Shift
(Sulfur)Rectisol Stage 1
ProcessesSyngas Purification
ASU
AL and Lurgi Capability
Gasification
Lurgi Technology Portfolio – Conversion Markets – XtL ++
SMRATRCR
(incl. ZnO)
25AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
� The Air LIQUIDE and Lurgi Combination Provides an U nprecedented Offer to Customers
� From Technology to Engineering to Operations and En vironmental Stewardship
� The Customer Has The Freedom and Choice to Use Any or All of the Offerings of Air LIQUIDE and Lurgi ���� Any X to many Ls
� Non-Conventional Feedstocks (like shale gas, CBM, …) Are Only a Matter of Definition
� Availability Must be Coupled to Cost and Technologi es That Can Bring Value
� Biomass – Desired by Many, But Carries With it Costs and The re are Still Considerable Obstacles for Widespread Commercializa tion
� Pet-coke and Residues – Much More Available and Used, Although Value Added Products Must be Manufactured to Offset High Prices, Volatility and On-Stream Factors
� Low Rank Coal – Can Become a Real Feedstock for Petrochemical Use, Although Environmental Footprint Must be Addressed
� Carbon Dioxide Mitigation Must Be Looked at From a Holistic Perspective –Technology, Business Model, Contractual Obligations , Community Involvement
� Air LIQUIDE's and Lurgi’s Experiences Can Help You Navigate the Terrain
Conclusions
26AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6
Thank You
Max-Michael WeissDirector Gas Production and Gas Purification TechnologiesLurgi GmbHLurgiallee 560439 Frankfurt am Main, [email protected]
Office: +49 69 5808 3452
Dr.-Ing. Waldemar LiebnerDirector GTC TechnologyLurgi GmbHLurgiallee 560439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Office: +49 69 5808 3799