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Air Spotter :

1. History of flight in General and in India2. The Principles of flight

3. Recognize with in 20 seconds display of silho ettes of latest si!"ilitary and si! ci#il aircrafts in ser#ice in o r co ntry.

$. %a&e three "odel aeroplanes ' ses of &it per"issi(le) foridentification p rpose and practices. These "odels need not fly.

*. +now national "ar&ings, (oth of ser#ice and ci#il aeroplanes ofIndia and two foreign co ntries.

-. ro" o(ser#ation record o#er a period of three "onths the passingn "(er of aeroplanes stating where possi(le date, ti"e and placeseen, direction in which flying, whether ci#il or ser#ice, n "(er,state of weather and co ntry of origin or de"onstrate a(ility toidentify act al aircraft in flight.

The story of mans endeavour to fly like a bird

Looking up at the birds man always envied them for the ease with which theyfly .400 Bc ARCHYTAS greek philosopher and inventor made amechanical bird which is alleged to have fown or a abo!t "00meters at the end o tether#Chinese harbinger to hot air ballons$ %&ongming 'antern paperbags (lled with hot air prod!ced b) a lamp below the paper bag*!sed b) militar) to scare invaders and b) one general to meas!rethe length o t!nnel needed to be d!g to go !nder enem) lines#

T)ing eather s and tr)ing to +!mp o, cli,s and even gliding orsome distance- b!t man) ore eited their livesChinese seems to have been the (rst glider makers as well$.onk /lmer o .almesb!r) glided or "00 meters so also theBerber bn 1irnas in the 2$33 cent!r)#

The great 'eonardo da$ inci %35 th Cent!r)*seems to made man)designs or a f)ing machines incl!ding a 1l)ing Screw helicopter#

The spec!lation abo!t a heavier than air f)ing machine taking toair was ri e all thro!gh the ens!ing cent!ries and in 3657 The.ontgol(er Brothers few their hot air ballon at Annona)- 1ranceand made the (rst manned fight on 32 th 8ctober 3657 andballooning became a ma+or rage in /!rope o 35 th cent!r)# SoonArmies made !se o hot air balloons as observation posts orartiller) bombardment# Steerable Ballon called 9irigibles made

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their entr) in the 32 the cent!r) and the name o 1erdinand /oneppelin is connected with dirigi(le de#elop"ent.

%eanwhile the efforts at creating a hea#ier than air flying "achine has &eptapace'inp ts (y ""an el weden(org, ir George ayley, 4ohn tring ellow,Polish peasant 4an 5ne&,

rench "an 4ean6%arie 7e 8ris with his glider 9 l(atros;

lphones Pena d; s toy glider powered (y r ((er (and, inspired lots of #iationPioneers incl ding the 5right 8rothers.

rench "an eli! d Te"ple ( ilt the first s ccessf l flyer that too& off fro" a s&i6 < "p and glided safely to gro nd after co#ering a short distance

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.

'=aedela s "a&ing wings of wa! and Icar s flying with it, ( t alas, too near the s n

and wa! "elted away and Icar s crashed6 the story of I R> 6 lying "achines inRa"ayana6 the na"e Viman in sans&rit with its "odern "eaning ? ircraft6

Pushpak viman "ade (y /ishwa&ar"a6

1. Know in general knowledge about ivil Aviation!national and "nternational Airways#Lines

8y Gp Capt Kapil Bhargava (Retd )

In 2003 the whole world cele(rated the centenary of powered flight. 8 t weIndians had to wait for a few "ore years to o(ser#e the centenary of flightin India. It too& < st se#en years, al"ost to the day, for the first aircraft toget air(orne at llaha(ad in >P. There was hectic acti#ity to (ring planes toIndia and show the" off in =ece"(er 1@10.

irst off the (loc& was His Highness the %ahara

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alc tta, the capital of 8ritish India (efore it was shifted to =elhi, was notfar (ehind in "a&ing a#iation history. 8 t perhaps news at the ti"e did nottra#el (etween cities fast eno gh. The 0tatesman of =ece"(er 21, 1@10 saidthat the second flight in India was at Tollyg n

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towns. The show in 8angalore was on e(r ary 3, 1@11 and in %adras one(r ary 1 . The irst 5orld 5ar soon interr pted any progress of a#iation

in India for a while. Two Indians disting ished the"sel#es in this war. Inder7al Roy

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airlines. ir India International too& o#er the international traffic and Indianirlines orporation the do"estic. 5hile the two national airlines still

operate, the do"estic scene changed recently once again as a res lt ofecono"ic refor"s. The prospects of passenger and cargo traffic in India canonly (e descri(ed now as rosy.%eanwhile in =ece"(er 1@$0, eth Hirachand 5alchand la nchedHind stan ircraft 7i"ited 'H 7) with the help of an "erican and the

tate of %ysore. =r /% Ghatage, India;s first aircraft designer soon

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1. Lift is a positi#e force ca sed (y the difference in air press re nder and a(o#e awing. The higher air press re (eneath a wing creates lift, and is affected (y the shapeof the wing. hanging a wingMs angle of attac& affects the speed of the air flowingo#er the wing and the a"o nt of lift that the wing creates.

2. *eight is the force that ca ses o(

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wings. It is opposed (y eight , or the force of gra#ity, p lling downward. Thrust isca sed (y the action of the propellers "o#ing the plane forward. Kpposed to that isdrag , ca sed (y air resistance. If lift is "ore than weight, the plane will rise. If thr stis "ore than drag, the plane will slowly accelerate.

irplane wings are designed to ta&e ad#antage of lift. They are shaped so that air hasto tra#el farther o#er the top of the wing than nderneath it. The reason for this ise!plained in Bernoulli3s Principle/ which states that an increase in the #elocity'speed) of air or any fl id res lts in a decrease in press re. 5hen the air has to tra#elfarther o#er the top of the airplane wing, it " st also tra#el faster, which res lts inlower press re. The shorter distance nder the wings res lts in higher press re,ca sing the airplane to "o#e pward.

o can de"onstrate 8erno lliMs Principle with a piece of note(oo& paper. old the

paper in half the short way, so that yo ha#e a tent shape. Jow, set the tent on a ta(leand (low #ery caref lly 'slow and fir") thro gh one of the open ends. The sides ofthe tent will stic& together ( t the tent wonMt collapse. This occ rs (eca se the#elocity of yo r (reath is "ore than that of the air o tside of the tent, ca sing lower

press re. The air o tside the tent has higher press re and p shes the sides of the tentinward.

Kther "a

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,"-!$1 %"S

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,irage $///

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2awk Trainer

,"-!$3

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!14/ 256 7L5S

A8T989: A8!4$

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_Air_Force_Antonov_An-32.jpg

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Sukhoi !4/ %&I ir s periority ighter

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%i6 40 2ind Attack 2elicopter

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Light Attack helicopter

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I RK>J= 7 Half "oon ? Pa&istan

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IAF-roundel.svg

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ivil Aircrafts operated by "ndian carriersAir %us 4// series

IR8> 320

31@ 320321

310 F$F

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8oeing FFF F F=rea"liner

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