Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement for Aviation … Knowledge Testing Supplement for Aviation...

Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement for Aviation

Maintenance Technician – General, Airframe, and Powerplant; and

Parachute Rigger

U.S. Department of TransportationFEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION

Flight Standards Service

2018

ii

iii

This testing supplement supersedes FAA-CT-8080-4F, Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement for Aviation Mechanic General, Powerplant, and Airframe; and Parachute Rigger, dated 2013. This Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement is designed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Flight Standards Service. It is intended for use by Airman Knowledge Testing (AKT) Organization Designation Authorization (ODA) Holders and other entities approved and/or authorized to administer airman knowledge tests on behalf of the FAA in the following knowledge areas:

Aviation Mechanic General—AMGAviation Mechanic Powerplant—AMPAviation Mechanic Airframe—AMAParachute Rigger—RIG, RMC, RMP

Comments regarding this supplement, or any Airman Testing publication, should emailed to [email protected].

Preface

iv

v

ContentsPreface.............................................................................................................................................................. iiiContents ............................................................................................................................................................ v

Appendix 1 - Aviation Mechanic GeneralFigure 1. Equation. .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1-1

Figure 2. Equation. .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1-2

Figure 3. Equation. .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1-3

Figure 4. Circuit diagram. ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1-4

Figure 5. Formula. ................................................................................................................................................................................... 1-5





Figure 10. Battery circuit. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1-10

Figure 11. Circuit diagram. ................................................................................................................................................................... 1-11




Figure 15. Landing gear circuit. ............................................................................................................................................................ 1-15

Figure 16. Fuel system circuit. .............................................................................................................................................................. 1-16

Figure 17. Electrical symbols. ............................................................................................................................................................... 1-17




Figure 21. Electrical symbols. ............................................................................................................................................................... 1-21

Figure 22. Transistors. ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1-22

Figure 23. Transistorized circuit............................................................................................................................................................ 1-23

Figure 24. Logic gate. ............................................................................................................................................................................ 1-24



Figure 27. Object views. ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1-27




Figure 31. Sketches. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1-31

Figure 32. Sketches. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1-32

Figure 33. Material symbols. ................................................................................................................................................................. 1-33

Figure 34. Aircraft drawing. .................................................................................................................................................................. 1-34




Figure 38. Performance chart. ............................................................................................................................................................... 1-38

Figure 39. Electric wire chart. ............................................................................................................................................................... 1-39

Figure 40. Cable tension chart. .............................................................................................................................................................. 1-40

Figure 41. Performance chart. ............................................................................................................................................................... 1-41

Figure 42. Aircraft hardware. ................................................................................................................................................................ 1-42

vi

Figure 43. Aircraft hardware. ................................................................................................................................................................ 1-43

Figure 44. Welds. .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1-44

Figure 45. Welds. .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1-45

Figure 46. Precision measurement. ....................................................................................................................................................... 1-46




Figure 50. Marshalling signals. ............................................................................................................................................................. 1-50

Figure 51. Marshalling signals. ............................................................................................................................................................. 1-51

Figure 52. Equation. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1-52

Figure 53. Equation. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1-53

Figure 54. Trapezoid area. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1-54

Figure 55. Triangle area. ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1-55

Figure 56. Trapezoid area. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1-56

Figure 57. Triangle area. ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1-57

Figure 58. Equation. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1-58

Figure 59. Equation. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1-59

Figure 60. Equation. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1-60

Figure 61. Physics. ................................................................................................................................................................................ 1-61

Figure 62. Maintenance data - part 1 of 3. ............................................................................................................................................ 1-62

Figure 62A. Maintenance data - part 2 of 3. .......................................................................................................................................... 1-63

Figure 62B. Maintenance data - part 3 of 3. .......................................................................................................................................... 1-64

Figure 63. Airworthiness directive excerpt. .......................................................................................................................................... 1-65

Figure 64. Resistance total. ................................................................................................................................................................... 1-66

Figure 65. Scientific notation. ............................................................................................................................................................... 1-67

Figure 66. Equation. ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1-68

Figure 67. Equation. ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1-69

Figure 68. Alternative answer. .............................................................................................................................................................. 1-70

Figure 69. Equation. ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1-71

Figure 70. Alternative answer. .............................................................................................................................................................. 1-72

Figure 71. Volume of a sphere. ............................................................................................................................................................. 1-73

Appendix 2 - Aviation Mechanic PowerplantFigure 1. Airworthiness directive excerpt. .............................................................................................................................................. 2-1

Figure 2. Fire extinguisher pressure chart. .............................................................................................................................................. 2-2

Figure 3. Fire extinguisher pressure chart. .............................................................................................................................................. 2-3

Figure 4. Electric wire chart. ................................................................................................................................................................... 2-4

Figure 5. Starter-generator circuit. .......................................................................................................................................................... 2-5

Figure 6. Fuel/air ratio graphs. ................................................................................................................................................................ 2-6

Figure 7. Fuel system. ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2-7

Appendix 3 - Aviation Mechanic AirframeFigure 1. Rivets. ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 3-1

Figure 2. Countersinking. ........................................................................................................................................................................ 3-2

Figure 3. Grip length. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3-3

Figure 4. Bending sheet metal. ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-4

Figure 5. Sheet metal layout. ................................................................................................................................................................... 3-5



Figure 8. Control cable. ........................................................................................................................................................................... 3-8

Figure 9. Cable tension chart. .................................................................................................................................................................. 3-9

vii

Figure 10. Torque value. ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3-10

Figure 11. Fittings. ................................................................................................................................................................................ 3-11

Figure 12. Backup rings. ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3-12

Figure 13. Cooling system. .................................................................................................................................................................... 3-13

Figure 14. Pressure temperature correction chart. ................................................................................................................................. 3-14

Figure 15. Formula. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3-15

Figure 16. Antennas............................................................................................................................................................................... 3-16

Figure 17. Fuel system. ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3-17

Figure 18. Battery connections. ............................................................................................................................................................. 3-18



Figure 21. Fire extinguisher chart. ........................................................................................................................................................ 3-21

Figure 22. Antenna. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3-22

Figure 23. Antenna. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3-23

Figure 24. Antenna. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3-24

Figure 25. Antenna. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3-25

Figure 26. Antenna. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3-26

Figure 27. Antenna. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3-27

Figure 28. Antenna. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3-28

Figure 29. Antenna. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3-29

Figure 30. Antenna. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3-30

Figure 31. Antenna. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3-31

Figure 32. Antenna. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3-32

Figure 33. Antenna. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3-33

Figure 34. Antenna. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3-34

Appendix 4 - Parachute RiggerFigure 1. Tacking knot. ........................................................................................................................................................................... 4-1

Figure 2. Parachute material. ................................................................................................................................................................... 4-2

Figure 3. Seam stitching. ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4-3

Figure 4. Suspension line attachment. ..................................................................................................................................................... 4-4

Figure 5. Suspension lines. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4-5

Figure 6. Fittings. .................................................................................................................................................................................... 4-6

Figure 7. Radial seam stitching. .............................................................................................................................................................. 4-7

Figure 8. Lift web stitching. .................................................................................................................................................................... 4-8

Figure 9. Knots. ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 4-9

Figure 10. Machine stitching. ................................................................................................................................................................ 4-10

Figure 11. French fell seam. .................................................................................................................................................................. 4-11

Figure 12. English fell seam. ................................................................................................................................................................. 4-12




Figure 16. Hardware threading. ............................................................................................................................................................. 4-16

viii

1

Appendix 1

1-1

Appendix 1

CT= 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3...1

Figure 1. Equation.

1-2

Appendix 1

CT= 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3

1

Figure 2. Equation.

1-3

Appendix 1

LT= 1/L1 + 1/L2 + 1/L3...1

Figure 3. Equation.

1-4

Appendix 1

23A

5Ω

Figure 4. Circuit diagram.

1-5

Appendix 1

Z = R2+(XL−XC)2

Z = ImpedanceR = ResistanceXL = Inductive reactanceXC = Capacitive reactance

Figure 5. Formula.

1-6

Appendix 1

Disconnected

ΩR

1 =

12

ohm

s

R2

= 6

ohm

s

R3

= 6

ohm

sR

4 =

6 o

hms

R5

= 6

ohm

s


1-7

Appendix 1

BreakΩ40Ω

A B C D

R1

40Ω

R2

40Ω

R3


1-8

Appendix 1

Break

Ω20Ω

R1

20Ω

R2

20Ω

R3


1-9

Appendix 1

+

−

A

+

−

V

+

−

V

+ −

A


1-10

Appendix 1

1.5V

1.5V

1.5V

1.5V

+−

A B

Figure 10. Battery circuit.

1-11

Appendix 1

R1

= 8

ohm

s

R2

= 1

0 oh

ms

R3

= 4

0 oh

ms

24V

A

B

C

D

E

F G H


1-12

Appendix 1

R1 =18 ohms R2 =12 ohms

R3

= 4

ohm

s

R4

= 1

2 oh

ms

R5

= 6

ohm

s

24V

Ra =1/R + 1/R 4 5

1

Rc =1/Rb + 1/R3

1

Rb =Ra + R2

Rt = Rc + R1


1-13

Appendix 1

Et 30Ω 60Ω 15Ω

I1

It

I2 I3

R1 R2 R3

+

−

12V


1-14

Appendix 1

R1 =5Ω

R5 =10Ω

R2 =4Ω R3 =6Ω R4 =12ΩEt = 36V


1-15

Appendix 1

Motor

Gear switchUp

Down

Gear safety switch

Up limitswitch

BU

S

Down limitswitch

Horn

Relay

GreenRed

NAV. switch bypass relay

Throttle switches (closed position)

Left geardown switch

NOTE: Switches shown gear down - on the ground

Nose geardown switch

Right geardown switch

#1

#3

#4#5#6

#7#8

#2

#13

#14

#16

#1920

5

#11

#17

#15

#12

#18

#10

Figure 15. Landing gear circuit.

1-16

Appendix 1

B A C D BACD

Fuel pressurecross feedvalve open

Fuel tankX-feed valve

Fuel pressX-feed valve

RTS relay

Fuel selector switchNorm

Close Open CloseOpen

LTSrelay

FCF relay

FCF

Caution warninglights in cockpit

Fuel tankcross feedvalve open

X-feed

RelayPCO

Drawing shown without electrical power to bus

All relays springloaded to positionshown

Relay PCC

BUS 24 VDC

Relay TCC

PumpX-feedopen

PumpX-feedclosed

TankX-feedopen

TankX-feedclosed

RelayTCORH tank

LH tank

1

3

2

5

5 6

7 8

9 10

11 12

13

17 18

19 20

14

15 16

5 5

4

Figure 16. Fuel system circuit.

1-17

Appendix 1

G

+

−

1

3

26

7

8

9

10

11

5

4

Figure 17. Electrical symbols.

1-18

Appendix 1

R G#1#13

#2

#3

#4

#5

#6

#7

#8

#9

#10

#11

#14

#12

Throttle switch (open)

Down

Warning horn

Left gear switch

Right gear switch

Control valve switch

28 V DC

Down

Neutral


1-19

Appendix 1

R G

Test

Warning horn

Throttle switchesLeft gear switchRight gear switch

Neutral

Down

Down

Controlvalveswitch

#1

#2

#3

#4

#5

#6

#7

#8

#9

#10

#11#13

#12

28 V DC


1-20

Appendix 1

VOpen


1-21

Appendix 1

1

2

3

Figure 21. Electrical symbols.

1-22

Appendix 1

Base

Current flowCollectorEmitter+

+

−

1 2

3

Base

Current flow

CollectorEmitter+

−

−

Base

Current flowCollectorEmitter+−

−

Figure 22. Transistors.

1-23

Appendix 1

Base

R2

R1

Collector

12VUpposition

Downposition

Emitter

Figure 23. Transistorized circuit.

1-24

Appendix 1

Inputs Output

Figure 24. Logic gate.

1-25

Appendix 1

Inputs Output


1-26

Appendix 1

Inputs

1

11 1

0

0

1

1

0

Output Inputs Output

Inputs Output

1 2

3


1-27

Appendix 1

1 2 3

++

Figure 27. Object views.

1-28

Appendix 1

Front view

1 2

3


1-29

Appendix 1

Front view

1 2 3


1-30

Appendix 1

Front view

1 2 3


1-31

Appendix 1

3

1

2

4

1"

3"

1 1"2

1 1"2 1"

2

3"4

Figure 31. Sketches.

1-32

Appendix 1

Figure 32. Sketches.

1-33

Appendix 1

3

1 2

Figure 33. Material symbols.

1-34

Appendix 1

1/16x45°

1/2 DIA.

19/64

.3125 DIA.1/16 R.

7/8 DIA.

3/32

1 3/4

7/8

1/16 R.

15/32

.221±.003

19/32

.110±.001

12/32 R. Spherical

.665±.001 DIA.

+.005−.000

Figure 34. Aircraft drawing.

1-35

Appendix 1

Paint stripe

0.25

1

2

3

4


1-36

Appendix 1

Note 1.

¾"17"

¼"1"

¼"

¼"

¾"

¾"

1½"

Note 1.

+1/64"−3/64"

F

E

D G

J

C

B

AH

Notes:1. Drill 31/64 inch ream ½ inch.2. All tolerances ±1/32 unless otherwise specified.3. Finish all over 25


1-37

Appendix 1

3

Drill

Drill4 Holes

116 11

16

1564

18

78

38

12

22132

78


1-38

Appendix 1

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275

Brake - Horsepower (BHP)

Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP)CID = Cubic inch displacement

985

3000

2800

2600

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

Engine speed 1000 RPM

1340

1830

2000

2800 CID

Figure 38. Performance chart.

1-39

Appendix 1

Electric Wire Chart

Wire Size

20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 1 1/0 2/0 3/0 4/0

20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 1 1/0 2/0 3/0 4/0

Curves:1. Continuous rating-amperes cables in conduit and bundles2. Continuous rating-amperes single cable in free-air3. Intermittent rating-amperes maximum of 2 minutes

Curve 1

Curve 2

Curve 3

1 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

125

150

175

200

300

400

Amperes

Circuit Voltage

Voltage Drop

115 200 14 28

800 100 200

600 75 150

400 700 50 100 360 630 45 90 320 560 40 80 280 490 35 70 240 420 30 60 200 350 25 50

160 280 20 40

120 210 15 30

100 175 12 25

80 140 10 20 72 120 9 18 64 112 8 16 56 98 7 14 48 84 6 12 40 70 5 10 36 63 4 9 32 56 8 28 49 7 24 42 3 6

20 35 2 5

4 7 .5 1

Wire

leng

th in

feet

for a

llow

able

vol

tage

dro

p

Figure 39. Electric wire chart.

1-40

Appendix 1

Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit

Values Include 10 Percent Structural Deflection

Design limit ri

g load

340

320

300

280

260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

−65 −60 −50 −40 −30 −20 −10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

1/4 7x193/16 7x195/32 7x19

1/8 7x193/32 7x71/16 7x7

Cable sizes

Rigging load in pounds

Figure 40. Cable tension chart.

1-41

Appendix 1

180

170

160

150

140

130

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800

Full throttle spec. fuel cons

Propeller load spec. fuel cons.

Propeller load horsepower

Normal rated power

Full throttle power

Engine Speed - RPM

Bra

ke H

orse

pow

er

Spe

cific

fuel

con

s LB

/BH

P/H

R

.60

.55

.50

.45

Figure 41. Performance chart.

1-42

Appendix 1

1 2 3

Figure 42. Aircraft hardware.

1-43

Appendix 1

1 2 3

Figure 43. Aircraft hardware.

1-44

Appendix 1

1 2

3 4

Figure 44. Welds.

1-45

Appendix 1

FE

D

G

C

BA

Figure 45. Welds.

1-46

Appendix 1

24

20

0

Figure 46. Precision measurement.

1-47

Appendix 1

4 5 6 7 8 9

2

1

0 5 10 15 20 25

Inch1

1000


1-48

Appendix 1

15

10

5

0

20

09876543210

0 1 2 3


1-49

Appendix 1

24

010

5


1-50

Appendix 1

1 2 3

Figure 50. Marshalling signals.

1-51

Appendix 1

1 2 3

Figure 51. Marshalling signals.

1-52

Appendix 1

(√(−4)0+6+(√1296)(√3)2=4

Figure 52. Equation.

1-53

Appendix 1

√31 + √43 =2 2

(17)2


1-54

Appendix 1

9'

5'

12'

Figure 54. Trapezoid area.

1-55

Appendix 1

7.5"3"

4"

Figure 55. Triangle area.

1-56

Appendix 1

4'

2'

6'

Figure 56. Trapezoid area.

1-57

Appendix 1

A

B

D

C

Figure 57. Triangle area.

1-58

Appendix 1

(-35 + 25) (-7) + (π) (16-2) =√25


1-59

Appendix 1

-4 125 =-6 -36


1-60

Appendix 1

(-5+23)(-2)+(3-3)(√64)=-27÷9


1-61

Appendix 1

60 POUNDS

A

Figure 61. Physics.

1-62

Appendix 1

RE

Q’d

. PE

R A

SS

EM

.

B

A

DD

-200

A

M

AT’

L TH

KN

ES

S

LE

T.

CH

AN

GE

B

Y D

ate

App

r.

-200

-100

4 8 4 5 37 2 1

4 8 4 5 37 2 1

DA

SH

NU

MB

ER

S S

HO

WN

Unl

ess

othe

rwis

e no

ted

MS

2047

0AD

-4-4

NA

S10

97-3

-4N

AS

1473

-3A

NA

S10

97-4

-5N

AS

1097

-4-4

-1

03

-102

-1

01

P

art n

umbe

r

R

ivet

R

ivet

Dom

ed N

utpl

ate

R

ivet

R

ivet

C

lip

Dou

bler

D

oubl

er

For

cont

inua

tion

see

zone

Bre

ak a

ll sh

arp

edge

s

All

N/A

UN

IT W

T.FI

RS

T

R

ELE

AS

ED

WG

. AR

EA

EFF

Type

A/C

No.

req

.pe

rA

irpla

ne

.040

shee

t20

24-T

3C

LAD

AL.

2024

-T3

CLA

D A

L.

PR

OJE

CT

T. S

mith

DE

SIG

NR

. Eam

er

Eng

inee

rFA

A D

.E.R

DW

G.

Che

cker

DF

TSM

IN.

G. W

inn

I. W

right

S. L

inz

MA

T’L

DE

SC

RM

AT’

LS

PE

C.

Zone

.040

shee

t70

75-0

AL.

.040

shee

tst

ock

size

Sca

le fu

ll 992-

148-

XX

X

Spe

edw

ind

airc

raft

engi

neer

ing

sect

ion

last

chan

ce a

irpor

t any

tow

n O

K 7

3125

-123

4

DA

SH

NU

MB

ER

S O

PP

OS

ITE

NA

ME

1 1 1

-200

-200

-200

36TC

P36

P36

P

001-

All

088-

All

001-

087

1

The

use

of th

is d

ocum

ent s

hall

be r

estr

icte

dto

con

veya

nce

of in

form

atio

n to

cus

tom

ers

ofve

ndor

s on

ly. N

eith

er c

lass

ified

nor

unc

lass

ified

docu

men

ts m

ay b

e re

prod

uced

with

out t

he

w

ritte

n co

nsen

t of

TH

E S

PE

ED

WIN

D A

IRC

RA

FT

CO

RP.

Are

a 1

BR

EV.

Figu

re 6

2. M

aint

enan

ce d

ata

- pa

rt 1

of

3.

1-63

Appendix 1

GENERAL NOTES - 100

1. ALL BENDS +/– .5 deg.2. All holes +/– .003.3. Apply Alodine 1,000.4. Prime with MIL-P-23377 or equivalent.5. Trim S-1 C just aft of the clip at STA. 355.750 and forward of the front face of the STA. 370.25 frame and remove from the airplane.6. Position the –101 doubler as shown. Install wet with NAS1097AD-4-4 and -4-5 rivets and a faying surface seal of PR 1,422. Pick up the rivet row that was in S-1 C and the aft rivets in sta. 370.25. Tie doubler into front frame with clips as shown using MS20470AD-4-4 rivets through the clips and the frame.7. Install 4 NAS1473-3A nutplates with NAS1097-3-4 rivets through the skin and doubler to retain the antenna.8. Strip paint and primer from under the antenna footprint.9. Treat skin with Alodine 1,000.10. Install antenna and apply weather seal fillet around antenna base.

AREA 2

GENERAL NOTES - 200

1. ALL BENDS IAW P.S. 1,000.2. All holes IAW P.S. 1,015.3. Heat treat –102 to –T6 IAW P.S. 5,602.4. Alodine IAW P.S. 10,000.5. Prime IAW P.S. 10,125.6. Trim S-1 C just aft of the clip at STA. 355.750 and forward of the front face of the STA. 370.25 frame and remove from airplane.7. Position the –102 doubler as shown. Install wet with NAS1097AD-4-4 and -4-5 rivets, and a faying surface seal IAW P.S. 41,255. Pick up the rivet row that was S-1 C and the aft rivets in STA. 370.25. Add two edge rows as shown. Tie doubler into front frame with clips as shown using MS20470AD-4-4 rivets through the clips and the frame. 8. Install 4 NAS1473-3A nutplates with NAS 1097-3-4 rivets through the skin and doubler to retain the antenna.9. Strip paint and primer from under the antenna footprint.10. Treat skin IAW P.S. 10,000.11. Install antenna and apply weather seal fillet around antenna base.

Note: P.S. = Process Specification IAW = in accordance with

AREA 3

Figure 62A. Maintenance data - part 2 of 3.

1-64

Appendix 1

Sta

tion

355.

750

Sta

tion

370.

250

Cen

terli

neS

tring

er1

Cen

ter

(S-1

C)

Vie

w lo

okin

g up

–101

,–10

2

14.2

5

2.40

2.30

3.70

3.004.

980

0.50

R-3

T m

in.

Ø0.

6250

Ø0.

1875

4P

L

Jogg

le a

s ne

cess

ary

Trim

as

req’

d fo

r in

st’l

R-3

T m

in.

–103

4.50

2.0

1.0

1.0

Siz

e th

is a

rea

as re

quire

d to

cle

ar S

-1C

.

Are

a 4

× ××× ×× × × ×

×××

××

××

××

××

××

×

××

××

××

××

××

××

××

×

××

××

××

××

××

××

××

××

×

+

× ××× ×××

+

Figure 62B. Maintenance data - part 3 of 3.

1-65

Appendix 1

The following is the compliance portion of an Airworthiness Directive.

“Compliance required as indicated, unless already accomplished:

I. Aircraft with less than 500 hours total time in service: Inspect in accordance with instructions below at 500 hours total time, or within the next 50 hours time in service after the effective date of this AD, and repeat after each subsequent 200 hours in service.

II. Aircraft with 500 hours through 1,000 hours total time in service: Inspect in accordance with instructions below within the next 50 hours time in service after the effective date of this AD, and repeat after each subsequent 200 hours in service.

III. Aircraft with more than 1,000 hours time in service: Inspect in accordance with instructions below within the next 25 hours time in service after the effective date of this AD, and repeat after each subsequent 200 hours in service.”

Figure 63. Airworthiness directive excerpt.

1-66

Appendix 1

Rt = E2/P

Figure 64. Resistance total.

1-67

Appendix 1

1. 3.47 × 104 = 34,700.2. 2(410) = 2,097,152.

Figure 65. Scientific notation.

1-68

Appendix 1

–4 + 6 + 103 (√1296) =


1-69

Appendix 1

(17)2 =√31 + √43


1-70

Appendix 1

1. (4.631)5

3. 4.631 ×10-5

2. 4.631 × 105

Figure 68. Alternative answer.

1-71

Appendix 1

(√100 + √36 – √16) =Figure 69. Equation.

1-72

Appendix 1

1. (√31) + (√43) ÷ 172

3. (√31) + (√43) – 172

2. (√31) + √43) ÷ 172

Figure 70. Alternative answer.

1-73

Appendix 1

V= 1/6πD3

Figure 71. Volume of a sphere.

2-1

Appendix 2

This is the compliance portion of an FAA Airworthiness Directive.

Compliance required as indicated:

(A) For model O-690 series engines, serial Nos. 101-40 through 5264-40 and IO-690 series engines, serial Nos. 101-48 through 423-48, compliance with (C) required within 25 hours’ time in service after the effective date of this AD and every 100 hours’ time in service thereafter.

(B) For model O-690 series engines, serial Nos. 5265-40 through 6129-40 and IO-690 series engines, serial Nos. 424-48 through 551-48, compliances with (C) required as follows.

(1) Within 25 hours’ time in service after the effective date of this AD and every 100 hours’ time in service thereafter for engines with more than 275 hours’ time in service on the effective date of this AD.

(2) Prior to the accumulation of 300 hours total time in service and every 100 hours’ time in service thereafter for engines with 275 hours or less time in service on the effective date of this AD.

(C) Inspect the oil pump drive shaft (P/N 67512) on applicable engines in accordance with instructions contained in Connin Service Bulletin No. 295. Any shafts which are found to be damaged shall be replaced before further flight. These inspections shall be continued until Connin P/N 67512 (redesigned) or P/N 74641 oil pump drive shaft is installed at which time the inspections may be discontinued.

Figure 1. Airworthiness directive excerpt.

2-2

Appendix 2

Container Pressure Versus Temperature

Temperature °FContainer Pressure (PSIG)

Minimum Maximum-40-30-20-10

0102030405060708090

100

6083

105125145167188209230255284319356395438

145165188210230252275295317342370405443483523

Figure 2. Fire extinguisher pressure chart.

2-3

Appendix 2

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Maximum Gauge Reading

Minimum Gauge Reading

Temperature (°F)

Pre

ssur

e (P

SIG

)

Figure 3. Fire extinguisher pressure chart.

2-4

Appendix 2

Ele

ctri

c W

ire

Cha

rt

Wir

e S

ize

20

18

16

14

12

10

8 6

4 2

1 1/

0 2/

0 3/

0 4/

0

20

18

16

14

12

10

8 6

4 2

1 1/

0 2/

0 3/

0 4/

0

Cur

ves:

1. C

ontin

uous

ratin

g-am

pere

s ca

bles

in c

ondu

it an

d bu

ndle

s2.

Con

tinuo

us ra

ting-

ampe

res

sing

le

ca

ble

in fr

ee-a

ir3.

Inte

rmitt

ent r

atin

g-am

pere

s

max

imum

of 2

min

utes

Cur

ve 1

Cur

ve 2

Cur

ve 3

11.5

23

45

67

89

1015

2030

4050

6070

8090

100

125 15

0

175

200

300

400

Am

pere

s

Cir

cu

it V

olt

ag

e

Vo

lta

ge

Dro

p

115

20

0 14

28

80

0

1

00

2

00

60

0

7

5

15

0

40

0

70

0

50

1

00

36

0

63

0

45

9

0 3

20

5

60

4

0

80

28

0

49

0

35

7

0 2

40

4

20

3

0

60

20

0

35

0

25

5

0

16

0

28

0

20

4

0

12

0

21

0

15

3

0

10

0

17

5

12

2

5

8

0

14

0

10

2

0

72

1

20

9

1

8

64

11

2

8

16

5

6

98

7

1

4

48

8

4

6

12

4

0

70

5

1

0

36

6

3

4

9

32

5

6

8

2

8

49

7

24

4

2

3

6

2

0

35

2

5

4

7 .5

1

Wire length in feet for allowable voltage drop

Figu

re 4

. Ele

ctri

c w

ire

char

t.

2-5

Appendix 2

Fuel

pum

psw

itch

To fu

el p

ump

Em

erge

ncy

stop

rela

yTo

ext

. pow

er re

cept

acle

(Sho

wn

with

ext

erna

l po

wer

not

con

nect

ed)

Sta

rter r

elay

Und

ercu

rren

t rel

ayO

n

On

On

On

On

Off

Off

Off

Sto

p

Adv

ance

To fu

elhe

ater

To fu

elso

leno

idva

lve

Pow

er le

ver r

elay

Pow

er le

ver

rela

y lo

ck

Igni

tion

rela

y

Igni

tion

exci

ters

To g

ener

ator

con

trol

Sta

rter g

ener

ator

Cut

off

Off

Test

sw

itch

Igni

tion

switc

h

Bat

tery

switc

h

Ext

erna

l pow

er

rece

ptac

le s

witc

h

Pow

er le

ver

switc

h

Pow

er le

ver

lock

rele

ase

Sta

rt

Eng

ine

mas

ter s

witc

h

Bat

tery

rela

yS

tart

switc

h

13

2

5

25

6

7

8

9

10

19

29

23

30

33

32

11

12

13

17

18

2224

21

20

14

15

26

28 27

31

18

4

AB

C

Figu

re 5

. Sta

rter

-gen

erat

or c

ircu

it.

2-6

Appendix 2

Idle

Rich

LeanFull ThrottleRPM

Mix

ture

Idle

Rich


Mix

ture

Idle

Rich


Mix

ture

Idle

Rich


Mix

ture

1 2

3 4

Figure 6. Fuel/air ratio graphs.

2-7

Appendix 2

Che

ck v

alve

RH

shu

t-of

f val

ve

To

right

eng

ine

To

left

engi

ne

Pum

p cr

ossf

eed

valv

e

Tan

k cr

ossf

eed

valv

e

Boo

st p

ump

sum

p

Che

ck v

alve

Fla

pper

val

ve

Fue

l tra

nsfe

r ej

ecto

r

LH b

oost

pum

p

Fue

l tra

nsfe

r ej

ecto

r

RH

boo

st p

ump

FW

D to

p vi

ew

LH s

hut-

off v

alve

Boo

st p

ump

sum

p

Left

fuel

tank

Rig

ht fu

el ta

nk

Figu

re 7

. Fue

l sys

tem

.

1

Appendix 3

3-1

Appendix 3

130°

80°

50°

1 2 3

Figure 1. Rivets.

3-2

Appendix 3

1 2 3

Figure 2. Countersinking.

3-3

Appendix 3

1

23

Figure 3. Grip length.

3-4

Appendix 3

3" Flat

B

4"

Flat A

0.0625

3/16" R.

Setback = R+TBend allowance = 2π (R + ½T) 4

Figure 4. Bending sheet metal.

3-5

Appendix 3

3" Flat

B

4"

Flat A

0.062

¼" R.

Setback = R+TBend allowance = 2π (R + ½T) 4

Figure 5. Sheet metal layout.

3-6

Appendix 3

2"

0.064

90°3/16" R

1"

1½"

A

A B C

BC

DSetback = R + TBend allowance = 2π (R + ½T) 4


3-7

Appendix 3

A

A

B

B

D E

F

C

C

Bend up 60°

Bent up 60°

Bend up 45°

Bent up 45°

3"

1"

0.040"

2"

1/8" R.


3-8

Appendix 3

1 2 3

Figure 8. Control cable.

3-9

Appendix 3

All Cable Tension Readings Have a Tolerance of ±10 Percent

3/16 x 19

5/32 x 19

160

150

140

130

120

110

100

90

80

70

600 20 40 60 80 100 120

Outside Air Temperature °F

Cab

le T

ensi

on in

Pou

nds

Figure 9. Cable tension chart.

3-10

Appendix 3

Ta

Tw90

°

A =

2"

L =

18"

Ta =

320

in-lb

F =

AL

F

Figu

re 1

0. T

orqu

e va

lue.

3-11

Appendix 3

1 2 3

Figure 11. Fittings.

3-12

Appendix 3

1

2

3

Figure 12. Backup rings.

3-13

Appendix 3

Cold Air

Low pressure vapor

High pressure vapor

Low pressure liquid

High pressure liquid

Thermobulb

Expansion valve

Sight glass

Hot air (overboard)

Liquid receiver dehydrator

V-belt

Motor Compressor

Figure 13. Cooling system.

3-14

Appendix 3

50

40

30

20

10

0

27.8

22.2

16.7

11.1

5.5

00 10 20 30 40

Change in Pressure - PSI

Cha

nge

in T

empe

ratu

re °

F

Cha

nge

in T

empe

ratu

re °

C

Pressure Temperature Correction Chart

Correction of pressure during leakage test for change in temperature. Add pressure change if temperature rises. Subtract pressure change if temperature falls.

Figure 14. Pressure temperature correction chart.

3-15

Appendix 3

D=.000327AV2

Figure 15. Formula.

3-16

Appendix 3

1 2

3 4

Figure 16. Antennas.

3-17

Appendix 3

Check valve

RH shut-off valve

To right engineTo left engine

Pump crossfeed valve

Tank crossfeed valve

Boost pump sump

Check valve

Flapper valve

Fuel transfer ejector

LH boost pump

Fuel transfer ejector

RH boost pump

FWD top view

LH shut-off valve

Boost pump sump

Left fuel tank Right fuel tank

Figure 17. Fuel system.

3-18

Appendix 3

+

−

+

−

+

−

+

−

+

−

+

−

+

−

+

−

+

−

2

1

3

Figure 18. Battery connections.

3-19

Appendix 3

Motor

Gear switchUp

Down

Gear safety switch

Up limitswitch

BU

S

Down limitswitch

Horn

Relay

GreenRed

NAV. switch bypass relay

Throttle switches (closed position)

Left geardown switch

NOTE: Switches shown gear down - on the ground

Nose geardown switch

Right geardown switch

#1

#3

#4#5#6

#7#8

#2

#13

#14

#16

#1920

5

#11

#17

#15

#12

#18

#10


3-20

Appendix 3

G G GG

R

24 V DC

Left engine throttle switch

Right engine throttle switch

Gear down and locked indicator lights

Left Nose Right

Leftgearswitch

Nosegearswitch

Rightgearswitch

Gear fullretractedindicator

system

Nose gear switch

Left gear switch

Right gear switch

Gearwarning

visual

Gearwarningflasher


3-21

Appendix 3

Container Pressure Versus Temperature

Temperature °FContainer Pressure (PSIG)

Minimum Maximum-40-30-20-10

0102030405060708090

100

6083

105125145167188209230255284319356395438

145165188210230252275295317342370405443483523

Figure 21. Fire extinguisher chart.

3-22

Appendix 3

Figure 22. Antenna.

3-23

Appendix 3

Figure 23. Antenna.

3-24

Appendix 3

Figure 24. Antenna.

3-25

Appendix 3

Figure 25. Antenna.

3-26

Appendix 3

Figure 26. Antenna.

3-27

Appendix 3

Figure 27. Antenna.

3-28

Appendix 3

Figure 28. Antenna.

3-29

Appendix 3

Figure 29. Antenna.

3-30

Appendix 3

Figure 30. Antenna.

3-31

Appendix 3

Figure 31. Antenna.

3-32

Appendix 3

Figure 32. Antenna.

3-33

Appendix 3

Figure 33. Antenna.

3-34

Appendix 3

Figure 34. Antenna.

1

Appendix 4

4-1

Appendix 4

Figure 1. Tacking knot.

4-2

Appendix 4

A

Figure 2. Parachute material.

4-3

Appendix 4

Stitching Stitching Stitching

1 2 3

Figure 3. Seam stitching.

4-4

Appendix 4

1 2 3

Figure 4. Suspension line attachment.

4-5

Appendix 4

6 5 4 3 2 1 24 23 22 21 20 19

18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7

6 5 4 3 2 1 24 23 22 21 20 19

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

7 5 9 3 11 1 24 14 22 16 20 18

6 8 4 10 2 12 13 23 15 21 17 19

1

2

3

Figure 5. Suspension lines.

4-6

Appendix 4

1 2 3

Figure 6. Fittings.

4-7

Appendix 4

1 2 3

Stitching Stitching Stitching

Figure 7. Radial seam stitching.

4-8

Appendix 4

1 2 3

Figure 8. Lift web stitching.

4-9

Appendix 4

12 3

Figure 9. Knots.

4-10

Appendix 4

Sewing Machine Table

Figure 10. Machine stitching.

4-11

Appendix 4

1 2 3

1/4" - 3/8" 1/4" - 3/8"

Figure 11. French fell seam.

4-12

Appendix 4

1

3

2

Figure 12. English fell seam.

4-13

Appendix 4



4-14

Appendix 4



4-15

Appendix 4



4-16

Appendix 4

1

2

3

Figure 16. Hardware threading.

4-17

Appendix 4

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