Bilingual Dictionaryfor ESL Beginners

Diksiyunaryong Bilingguwal para sa mga Baguhanna gamit ang Ingles bilang Pangalawang-wika

English/Filipino

Ingles/Pilipino

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The work on this production was supported by a large number ofESL teachers who assisted in the choice of lexicon.

© 2001 New South Wales Department of Education and TrainingStudent Services and Equity Programs, Multicultural Programs Unit,Level 14, 1 Oxford Street Darlinghurst NSW 2010

Phone 9244 5764 or 9244 5324

RESTRICTED WAIVER OF COPYRIGHT

The printed material in this publication is subject to a restricted waiverof copyright to allow the purchaser to make photocopies of thematerial contained in the publication for use within schools orinstitutes subject to the conditions below.

1. All copies of the printed material shall be made withoutalteration or abridgement and must retain acknowledgement ofthe copyright.

2. The school or college shall not sell, hire or otherwise deriverevenue from copies of the material, nor distribute copies of thematerial for any other purpose.

3. The restricted waiver of copyright is not transferable and may bewithdrawn in the case of the breach of any of these conditions.

ISBN No: 0 7310 77539

Contents

Introduction i

How to use the dictionary ii

Dictionary 1

Appendices

1. Numerals and ordinals 80

2. Common countries/states and their adjectival forms 81

3. Common irregular verbs 82

4. Times 84

5. Days of the week/months of the year/units of time 85

6. Weights and measures 85

Bibliography 85

Introduction

The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners has been developedfor use by students in the early stages of learning English as asecond language.

The list of words contained in this dictionary includes the mostcommon words that students use in everyday communicationand in the classroom. This list provides a scaffold for furtherlanguage acquisition.

The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners takes intoconsideration the Australian culture and way of life includingfrequently encountered colloquial words and phrases. It isexpected that students will use this publication as a referencepoint for the first 12 to 18 months of English languageacquisition.

A companion volume titled Thematic Picture Dictionary for ESLBeginners may be used in conjunction with this volume. Itcontains over 400 illustrated words, all of which can be foundwith their translations in this volume.

The two dictionaries are designed for individual student use atschool and at home to support English language acquisition.

The skills of many ESL teachers were utilised in the choice oflexicon for this dictionary. Their enthusiastic participation hashelped to produce a valuable teaching and learning resourcesuited to the needs of beginner ESL students.

i

How to use this dictionary

Notes for the teacher

The information in this dictionary is presented simply showing part of speech, headword in bold,definition if required and phrases for words which need to be read in context for clarity of meaning.You will find explanations regarding the organisation of the dictionary below.

Page Header

The page header is found at the top left of each page in bold for easy identification of the pagecontents. It shows the first and last English entry on the page.

Example from page 1:

a - afterwards indicates that the first entry on this page is a and the last entry is afterwards.

The Headword

The headword is the word being defined in an entry. It appears in large bold type and isalphabetically ordered. Definitions of the headword appear under the headword (if applicable) andare numbered. Phrases, colloquial phrases, phrasal verbs and interjections containing theheadword are translated in full and appear under the definitions.

Example from page 4:

Headword Translationpart of backspeechn Definition 1. body part only the word back is translated as a noun with

the meaning body partadv Definition 2. opposite front only the word back is translated as an adverb

with the meaning opposite frontphrase 3. give it back the phrase give it back is translated in full

Example from page 31:

Headword Translationpart of helpspeechn Definition 1. aid only the word help is translated as a noun with

the meaning aidphrase 2. help yourself the phrase help yourself is translated in full with

(serve yourself) the meaning serve yourself colloq 3. I can't help it (I have the colloquial phrase I can't help it is phr no control over it) translated in full with the meaning I have no

control over it

Where there is more than one meaning for an item of lexicon but only one is in common usage themeaning for translation has been included next to the headword in brackets.

Example from page 2:

Headword Translationn angle (mathematical usage) only the word angle is translated as a noun

with the meaning mathematical usage

Abbreviations

Words commonly found in the lexicon as abbreviations appear in the dictionary as abbrev and arenot translated. They indicate the full spelling of the word where the translation may be found.

ii

Example from page 4:

Headword Translationabbrev barbie *see barbecue no translation - translation is found at the entry

barbecue

Common present and past tense verb forms

Commonly used irregular present and past tense verb forms have been included in the body of thedictionary as they may not be recognised by the student as a derivative of the base form. Theseare not translated however and indicate the base form where the translation may be found.

Examples from page 2:

Headword Translationprt v am *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry

beprt v are *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry

be

Appendices

Six appendices have been included and may be found at the end of the word list. These are:

1. numerals and ordinals2. common countries/states and their adjectival forms3. common irregular verbs showing the base form, past tense and past participle forms4. times in analog and 24 hour format5. days of the week/months of the year/units of time6. weights and measures.

These appendices have not been translated.

Parts of speech

Parts of speech are abbreviated and found in the left hand column of the English text in thedictionary. Other descriptors such as colloquialism are also abbreviated. A full list of abbreviationsused is shown below.

Abbreviations used in this dictionary

Abbreviation Meaning

abbrev abbreviationadj adjective

adv adverb

colloq colloquialism

colloq phr colloquial phrase

conj conjunction

det determiner

int interjection

n noun

phr v phrasal verb

prep preposition

pron pronoun

prt v present tense verb form

pt v past tense verb form

v verb

iii

a – afterwards

Adet a/an isa/isangn ability kakayahan/abilidad

ablev 1. be able to makayanan adj 2. talented matalino/maabilidadn Aboriginal person katutubo/taong aborihinal

aboutadv 1. approximately humigit-kumulang/halosprep 2. concerning hinggil sa/tungkol sa

aboveprep 1. over lampas/higitphrase 2. the example above ang halimbawa sa itaasadj absent liban/walaadv absolutely lubusan/ganap/talagang-talagan accent puntov accept tanggapinadj acceptable matatanggap/maaaring tanggapinn accident aksidente/sakunaadj accidental di-inaasahan/nagkataonv accompany samahann account kwenta/utang/ulat/paliwanag/salaysayv ache sumakit/kumirot/humapdiv achieve matapos/mayari/matamo/maabotn achievement natapos/naabot/nagawa/natamoprep across pahalang/sa kabilav act akto/gawan activity aktibidad/pagkilos/gawainn actor artista/istar/bituinv add pagsamahin/sumahin/idagdag/damihann addition dagdag/karagdagann address tirahan/talumpati/direksiyonn adjective pang-uri

admitv 1. tell the truth about amininv 2. allow to enter papasukinv adopt (take on) angkinin/gamitinn adult matanda/maygulangn advantage bentaha/kalamangan/pakinabangn adventure karanasan/abenturan adverb pang-abayn advice payo/pangaral/tagubilinn aerobics ehersisyong erobikon aeroplane eroplanov afford makayaadj afraid takot/natatakotprep after sunod sa/kasunod ngn afternoon haponadv afterwards matapos/pagkaraan

1

again – argue

adv again (one more time) ulit/muliagainst

prep 1. next to katabi ng/kasunod saprep 2. anti laban sa n age edad/gulangadv ago lumipas/nakalipasv agree pumayag/umayon

aidn 1. help tulongv 2. help tulunganv aim (try) magsikapn air hanginn airport paliparanadj all (every) lahat/buov allow payagan/tulutanadv alone nag-iisaadv aloud malakasn alphabet alpabetoadv already naadv also (too) din/rinconj although kahit na/bagamanadv altogether ganap/buo/lubos/pusposadv always lagi/palagi/paratiprt v am *see be n ambulance ambulansyan amount halaga/damin amphibian ampibiyanv analyse (study) suriiinconj and atn angle (mathematical usage) angguloadj angry galitn animal animaln ankle bukong-bukongadj annual taunan

answern 1. reply sagot/tugonv 2. reply sumagot/tumugonadj any alinman/kahit anoadv anymore hindi napron anyone sinumanpron anything anumanadv apart (separate) hiwalayn apology paghingi ng paumanhinv appear (come into view) lumabas/lumitawn apple mansanasn appointment paghirang/tipanprt v are *see be n area lawak/lapadv argue mangatwiran/magtalo

2

argument – autumn

n argument katwitran/pakikipagtalov arise bumangon/tumayon arm (part of body) bisig/brason army hukboprep around sa kabi-kabila

arrangev 1. put in order iayosv 2. make plans ayusinv arrest (take into custody) dakpin/hulihinv arrive dumating/sumapitn arrow panan art siningn artist artistaadv as (to such a degree) kagaya ngn ash aboadj ashamed napapahiyav ask magtanongv assemble tipunin/magtagpo/magtipon-tiponn assembly pagtitipon/kapulungan/katipunann assignment (for school) takdang-aralinv assist tumulong/sumuportan assistant katulong/pangalawaprep at sa/nasapt v ate *see eat n athletics palakasan (laro)phrase athletics carnival paligsahan ng mga manlalaro/palaron atom atomov attach ikabit/idugtong

attackn 1. fight pag-atake/paglusob/pagsalakayv 2. fight atakihin/lusubin/salakayin

attemptn 1. try pagsubok/tangka/pagsusumikapv 2. try subukin/tangkainv attend dumalo/mag-alaga/mag-asikason attendance pagdalon attention atensyon/pansin/asikasov attract umakit/akitin/tumawag-pansinadj attractive kaakit-akit/kahali-halinan aunt tiyaabbrev Aussie *see Australiann Australia Australyaadj Australian Australyann Australian flag bandera ng Australya/watawatn Australiana Australyana/tungkol sa Australyan author awtor/maykathan autumn otonyo/taglagas

3

average – basketball

averagen 1. arithmetical mean batay sa kalahatan o kabuuanadj 2. ordinary karaniwan/normalv avoid iwasan/umiwas/ilaganadj awake gising/listoadv away malayo/palayo/umalisprep away from palayo saadj awful kataka-taka/kadiript v awoke *see awaken axe palakol/putulin ng palakol

Bn baby bata/sanggol

backn 1. body part likodadv 2. opposite front sa likuranphrase 3. give it back ibalik/ibigay pabalik/isaulin backbone gulugod/mga buto sa likodn background tanawin sa likuran/nakalipasn backpack bagaheng pasan sa likodn backyard bakuranadj bad masama/di-mabutin badminton badmintonn bag bagv bake magluto sa hurno/maghurnov balance balanse/pantay/timbangn balcony balkonaheadj bald kalbo/panot

ball bolan 1. toy laruang bolacolloq phr 2. have a ball (good time) magpasarap/mag-enjoyn balloon lobon banana sagingn band (music group) banda/musikon bangle pulserasn bank bangko

barn 1. place to drink bar/barikan/inumanv 2. stop from something hadlang/sagabaln 3. metal rod baras/kabilyan barbecue barbikyu/ihaw-ihawabbrev barbie *see barbecueadj bare walang-takip/hayag/lantad/walang-lamann barrier harang/haling/hadlang/sagabal n base (bottom) pundasyon/saligann basin (wash) palangganan basket basketn basketball basketbol

4

basketball court – bid

n basketball court palaruan ng basketbolbat

n 1. sporting equipment pamalo ng bolan 2. animal panikin bath ligo/banyosn bathroom paliguann battle gera/digmaann bay (inlet) lookabbrev BBQ *see barbecuev be magingn beach aplaya/baybay-dagat/dalampasigann beach towel tuwalyang pangbaybayn beach umbrella payong na pangbaybayn beak tuka

beam n 1. ray of light sinag/silahisn 2. wooden plank batangann bean bins/soya/munggon beard balbas

beatv 1. win tinalov 2. hit paluinn 3. rhythm kumpasadj beautiful maganda/marikitpt v became *see becomeconj because dahilv become magingn bed kaman bedroom silid-tulugann bee bubuyogn beef karning bakapt v began *see beginv begin magsimula/magumpisan beginner baguhanv behave magpakabait/kumilos ng maayosn behaviour asal/kilosprep behind nasa likod or likurann bell kampana/batingawv belong sumapi/umanibn belt sinturonn bench bangko/upuanv bend baluktutin/ibaling/likopt v bent *see bendadj best pinakamagaling/pinakamahusayv bet tayaadj better lalong mabutiprep between sa pagitann bicycle bisikletav bid tawad

5

big – boat

adj big malakiabbrev bike *see bicycle

billn 1. money papel de bangkon 2. account kwenta/utangn 3. of a bird tukan bird ibon

birthn 1. act of being born kapanganakan/pagsilangphrase 2. date of birth araw ng kapanganakan or pagsilangn birthday kaarawann biscuit biskwit

bitn 1. small piece munting kagat phrase 2. a little bit kaunti lamangpt v 3. *see bite

v bite kagatin/kumagatadj black (colour) itimn blackboard pisara/blakbordn blade talim

blamen 1. censure sisihinv 2. lay responsibility with managotadj blank blangkon blanket blangket/kumot na pranelav bleed dumugopt v blew *see blow

blindadj 1. unable to see bulagn 2. window covering tabingn blindness pagkabulag

blockn 1. child's toy laruang blokev 2. stop from doing something harangin/hadlanganphrase 3. a block away isang bloke ang layophrase 4. block of flats bloke ng mga apartmentadj blond olandesn blood dugoadj bloody madugo

blown 1. hit hataw/hampasv 2. pertaining to wind ihipphr v 3. blow up pagsabog

blueadj 1. colour bughawcolloq 2. sad malungkotn board (stiff material) tablan board game larong nasa tablan boat bangka

6

body – break

n body katawanv boil kulo

boldadj 1. as typeface malaki’t maitimadj 2. daring malakas ang loob/matapangn bomb bomban bone buton book libron bookshelf istante ng mga aklatn boomerang bomerang

bootn 1. of car lagayan ng gamit sa kotsen 2. footwear bota

bordern 1. as of country, state pagitan/hanggahann 2. edge gilidadj bored nainipadj boring nakakainipv borrow hiram

bossn 1. person in charge amo/puno/hepev 2. tell what to do mag-utosadj both kapuwav bother mang-abalan bottle botelya

bottomn 1. body part puwitann 2. lower edge kailalimanpt v bought *see buyv bounce magpatalbogn bowl mangkokn box kahonn boy batang lalakiabbrev bra *see brassieren brain utak

branchn 1. of tree sangav 2. separate sangayn brassiere brasera/braadj brave matapang/magitingadv bravely buong tapangn bread tinapayn breadth kapal

break sira/basag/putoln 1. pause hinto/tigilv 2. opposite of fix pagkasiraphr v 3. break down (as in car) nasiraphr v 4. break down (as health) nagkasakit

7

breakfast – bus stop

phr v 5. break in (as housebreak) pinasok/nilusobphr v 6. break up (for holidays) pahinga sa klase/bakasyonn breakfast agahann breath hiningav breathe paghingav breed magpalahi/magpalaki/uri/kasta n brick ladrilyo/laryon bridge tulay

brightadj 1. shiny makintab/maningning/maliwanagadj 2. clever matalinov brighten pakinangin/pasayahin/pakintabinadj brilliant maluningning/matalino/marunongv bring dalhin/ipagsamaadj broad maluwang/malapadn broccoli brokoli pt v broke *see breakcolloq broke (penniless) bangkarota/walang kwarta/peraphrase broken arm bali ang brason brother kapatid na lalakipt v brought *see bringn brush sipilyo/brotsa/escoba/pinseln bucket timbav build magtayo/magtindig/gumawapt v built *see buildn bulb (electric light) bombilyan bullet bala

bullyn 1. person who harasses others matonv 2. harass manakot

bunchn 1. group pulutong/pangkat/grupophrase 2. bunch of flowers pumpon o langkay ng mga bulaklak

burnn 1. injury caused by fire napasov 2. be on fire masunogv burst pumutok/sumabog/sumambulatv bury ilibing/ibaonn bus bus

bushn 1. outback kakahuyan/parangn 2. small tree mababang halaman/palumpong

businessn 1. company negosyocolloq phr 2. mind your own business pakialaman mo ang sarili mon bus stop paradahan ng bus

8

bust – cardboard

bustcolloq 1. break paputukin/hulihinn 2. female body part dibdib/susoadj busy abala/may ginagawaconj but ngunit/subalitn butcher mangangatay/partidorn button butones/botonv buy bumiliprep by malapit sa/sa tabi ng/katabi ng

Cn cabbage repolyon cable kable/kawadn cafe kapihann cage hawlan cake keyk/mamon/bibingkav calculate kalkulahin/tantiyahinn calculator kalkulador/tuusann calendar kalendaryo

callv 1. name tawagin n 2. as for phone tumilepono/tawaganphr v 3. call for nangagahulugan/ibig sabihinphr v 4. call off patigilin/pahintuinphr v 5. call out tinawag/isinigaw

calmadj 1. peaceful tahimik/payapaphr v 2. calm down patahimikin/papayapainpt v came *see comen camera kamera/panlitratov camp kampo/lungga

canv 1. able to makayan 2. steel container latan candle kandilan canteen (tuck shop) kantina

capn 1. headwear goran 2. top takip

capitaln 1. important location kapital/pangunahing-bayanphrase 2. capital letter malaking titikn capsicum silin capsule kapsulan captain kapitann car kotse/awton card kard/karta/etiketan cardboard karton

9

care – chalk

v care alaga/pagmamahaladj careful maingatadv carefully ingatann carnival karnabaln carrot karot

carryv 1. take dalhinphr v 2. carry on (keep going) ituloy lang/ipagpatuloy lamang

casen 1. bag kaha/kartonphrase 2. just in case kung sakalin cash kuwaltang hawak/pera

cassettephrase 1. audio cassette pinapakinggang kaset phrase 2. video cassette pinapanoorang kaset

castn 1. of a play tampokv 2. throw ihagis/itaponn castle kastilyo/toreadj casual kaswal/nagkataon/di-pormaln cat pusa

catchphrase 1. catch a train sumakay ng trenphrase 2. catch a cold magkasiponcolloq phr 3. catch on (understand) makaintindi/malalamanphr v 4. catch up (reach) humabol/abutinpt v caught *see catch

causen 1. reason dahilanv 2. make happen gumawa/lumikhan cave kweba/yungibabbrev CD *see compact discn ceiling kisamen cell silid/selda/selulan cent sentimoadj central gitna/kalagitnaan

central processing unitn 1. pertaining to computer utak ng kompyuterabbrev 2. CPU

n centre sentro n century isandaang taon/sentaryan cereal seryal/butiln ceremony seremonyaadj certain tiyak/siguradoadv certainly siyanga/talaga na/oo ngan chain (jewellery) kwintasn chair upuan/silyan chalk yeso/tsok/tisa

10

chance – cigarette

n chance pagkakataonchange

n 1. money baryav 2. alter palitan/baguhinphrase 3. change one's mind magbago ng kaisipanphrase 4. change clothes magpalit ng damitadj changeable pabagu-bago/madaling magbagon change room silid-bihisann channel agusan/daanann chapter kabanata/kapitulo/sangayn character (literary) letra/titik/tauhan sa istorya

chargen 1. cost halaga/singilinv 2. as for battery kargahanphr v 3. in charge mayroong kapanagutan/tungkulinv chase habulinadj cheap mura/walang kwentav cheat mandayav check tsekan/pigilan/patunayan n cheek (body part) pisngicolloq cheeky (naughty) pilyo

cheerv 1. make happy pasiglahinn 2. sound expressing enthusiasm saya/tuwa/aliw/buhayn chemist kimikon cheque tseken cherry seresan chess ahedres/daman chest kahon/kaha/kaban/bauln chewing gum babolgam

chickenn 1. animal manokcolloq 2. not brave takotn child bataadj childish parang bata/kilos-bata/isip-batan chin baba

chipsn 1. hot variety piniritong patatasn 2. cold crisps pinalamig na patatas/chipsn chocolate tsokolaten choir koro/grupo ng mang-aawitv choose pumili/mamili

chopn 1. meat cut hiniwang karnev 2. cut magtadtad/magputol/maghiwapt v chose *see choosen church simbahann cigarette sigarilyo

11

cinema – coin

n cinema sinehann circle bilogadj circular pabilogn circumference kabilugann city siyudad/lunsod

claimn 1. assertion pagpapatibay/panindiganv 2. assert magpahayag/magpatunay/patibayan

clapn 1. loud noise malakas na kulog v 2. show appreciation pumalakpakn class (group of students) klasen classmate kaeskwela/kaklasen classroom silid-aralanphrase classroom block hilera ng mga silid-aralann claw kuko/pangalmotn clay luwad/arsilya

cleanv 1. remove dirt linisinadj 2. opposite dirty malinisadj clear malinaw/maliwanagadj clever matalinon cliff talampasv climb akyatin/umakyatv cling kumapit/dumikitn clock relo/orasan

closev 1. shut sarhan/ipinidadj 2. near malapitadj closed nakasaradon cloth damit/telan clothes damit/kasuutan/pananamitn clothes line sampayann clothing damit/pananamitn cloud ulapadj cloudy maulap

clubn 1. group of people klab/kapisanann 2. implement pamugbog/pamalon clue susi/hiwatig/himatonn coal uling/karbonn coast baybay-dagatadj coastal baybayin/dalampasigann coat balat/balokn cockatoo ibong kokaton coconut niyogn coffee kapen coin barya/sinsilyo

12

cold – concern

coldn 1. illness siponadj 2. opposite hot malamigadj cold-blooded malamig ang katawan/walang awan collar kuwelyo/kuwintasv collect tipunin/ipuninn collection koleksiyon/katipunann college kolehiyo

colourn 1. hue karaniwang kulay o anyo/tingkadv 2. make colourful pasayahin/pasiglahinadj colourful makulay

combn 1. hair accessory suklayv 2. do one’s hair suklayin

comev 1. move towards halikaphr v 2. come from galing sa/mula sa phr v 3. come out (as in sun) sumilay/sumikatcolloq phr 4. Come on! (Let’s go.) tayo na/halika naadj comfortable maginhawan comic komik/katawa-tawan comic strip biro/komiks pampatawav command mag-utos/magmandoadj common karaniwan/panlahatn commonsense lohikan communication komunikasyon/paguusapn community komunidadn compact disc compak diskn company (business) kompanyav compare ikompara/paghambinginn compass aguhonn compasses (geometry pangguhit-bilog

equipment)

v compete magkompetensiyan competition kompetisyonv complain dumaing/magdamdamn complaint daing/himutok

completev 1. finish buuin/tapusinadj 2. finished tapos/lubos/ganapv complicate guluhin/pahirapinadj complicated komplikaso/gulo/salimuotn complication komplikasyonn composer kompositor/kahistan composition komposisyonn computer kompyutern concern kapakanan/balisa

13

concerned – couple

adj concerned nababalisa/nababahalan concert konsiyerto/pagkakasundon condition kondisyon/kalagayann cone (geometrical shape) konov confuse lituhin/pagkamalanv congratulate bumati/batiinv connect ikabit/I-ugnay/pagdugtunginn connection koneksyon/kaugnayanadj conscious may malay/gising/sinadyav consider isipin/pag-aralan/isaalang-alangphr v consist of binubuo ngn consonant katinigv contain maglaman/masaklaw/may-lamann container lalagyan/sisidlann contents (as of a book) nilalaman/lamanv continue tumuloy/magpatuloy

contrastn 1. difference kaibhanv 2. find differences pag-iba-ibahinv control kontroln conversation pag-uusap

convictn 1. person convicted of a crime ang nahatulan/bilanggov 2. find guilty of a crime sentensiyado/masentensiyahanv cook taga-luto/magluto

cooladj 1. opposite warm presko/malamig-lamigcolloq 2. trendy nasa uso

copyn 1. imitation paggaya/imitasyon v 2. imitate gayahin/tularann corner kanto/sulok

correctv 1. make right itama/iwastoadj 2. right tama/waston corridor koridor/pasilyov cost halaga/magkanon cotton algodon/koton/bulakn cotton wool yaring lana at bulak

coughn 1. the act or sound of coughing pag-ubov 2. expel air from the lungs i-ubo/tikhimn council konsilyo/konsehon counsellor tagapayo

countryn 1. political division balwarten 2. opposite city kabukirann couple mag-asawa/dalawa/mag-partner

14

courage – crush

n courage tapang/tibay ng loobadj courageous matapang/walang-gulat

coursen 1. set of lessons kursong aralinn 2. way to go dadaananphrase 3. of course (naturally) dapat lang/siyangan court (as tennis court) palaruan (kort)n cousin pinsan

covern 1. outside of a book pabalatv 2. put cover on something takpan/balutann coward duwag/mahinang-loobn crab alimangov crack putok/lagitik/basag

craftn 1. vessel sasakyann 2. handiwork sining/arte/galing ng kamay

crashn 1. collision banggaanv 2. shatter bumagsak/lumagapakadj crazy loko/ ulol/hibangn creature nilikha/nilalangn creek munting ilogv creep gumapangn crescent (shape) bagong buwan/buwang hugis suklay

cricketn 1. insect kerwe/grilyon 2. sport kriket

criminaln 1. person who commits crime kriminal/salarinadj 2. against the law labag sa batasn crocodile buwayaadj crooked kilo/baluktotn crops tanim/ani/butse/balumbalunan

crossn 1. a symbol of two intersecting krus

lines

adj 2. angry bugnutin/mainit ang ulov 3. move from one side to another bumagtasphr v 4. cross out (delete) ekesann crossword pahalang na salitang palaisipann crowd pulutong/maraming taoadj crowded siksikanadj cruel malupit

crushv 1. flatten iitin/durugin/ilupigcolloq 2. a liking for someone may gusto

15

cry – darkness

cryn 1. loud utterance sigaw/hiyawv 2. weep umiiyakn cube kubo/daisn cucumber pipinon cupboard paminggalanv cure gamutin/pagalingin/bigyang-lunasadj curious mausisa/kuryoso

curln 1. ringlet of hair likaw/buhok na kulotv 2. form curls kulutin/ringlitinn currency (money) pera/kwalta

currentadj 1. topical laganap/kasalukuyann 2. moving water agos/alimbukayn curtain kurtinan curve liko/kurban custom ugali/kustombren customer kustomer/parukyanov cut hiwa/tabas/putoladj cute kiyut/kaakit-akit

cyclev 1. ride bisikletan 2. circular event siklo/ikotn cylinder silindro/bumbungan

Dabbrev dad *see fatherabbrev daddy *see fatheradj daily araw-araw

damagen 1. injury sira/pinsalav 2. cause injury sirain/pinsalainadj damp basa-basa/umedon damper (type of bread) tinapay na damper

dancen 1. social gathering for dancing sayawan/baylihanv 2. rhythmical movement sumaayaw/pag-indakn danger panganibadj dangerous mapanganibadj daring mapangahas/mapaghamon/di-duwag

darkadj 1. opposite light dilimadj 2. opposite fair maitimn darkness kadiliman

16

date – dependable

daten 1. calendar petsan 2. fruit daten daughter anak na babaen day arawadj dead patayadj deaf bingi

dealn 1. amount transakyonv 2. give out mamigay/mamudmodn death pagkamatayn debt utang/pananagutan

decayn 1. decomposition pagkabulok/pagka-agnasv 2. rot mabulokv deceive magdaya/manlinlangv decide magpasiyan decimal desimaln decision desisyon/kapasiyahann deck (of house) sahigv declare ideklara

decreasen 1. diminution pag-unti/pagliit/paliitv 2. become smaller in number umunti/lumiitadj deep malalim

defeatn 1. loss pagkatalov 2. beat tumalov define ilarawan

degree n 1. of temperature sidhi/digrin 2. amount dami

delayn 1. hold up pagpigil/pagbimbin/pag-antalav 2. put off till later pigilan/bimbininabbrev deli *see delicatessenn delicatessen tindahan ng mga lutong pagkainn delight galak/lugodadj delightful nakagagalak/nakalulugodv deliver dalhin/ihatid

demandn 1. urgent requirement hingin/hilinginv 2. ask for with authority hinging-pautosv demonstrate ipakita/ipamalasn demonstration pagpapamalasn dentist dentistav depend mabatay/manangan adj dependable maaasahan

17

dependant – discussion

adj dependant nananangan/umaasan depth lalim/pusodv descend bumaba/lumusongv describe ilarawan/iguhitn description paglalarawan/diskripsiyon

desertn 1. hot, dry place disyertov 2. leave iwanan/pabayaanv deserve karapat-dapat

desiren 1. longing nais/nasa/hangadv 2. wish for magnais/magnasan desk mesa/pupitrev destroy gibain/sirainn destruction pagkasira

detailn 1. minute part detalyado/detalyev 2. describe fully i-detalye/ilarawang maigin detective detektib/tiktikn detention (pertaining pagpigil

to school)

v dial i-dayal/pindutinn diameter diyametro/bantod

diamondn 1. precious stone diyamanteadj 2. shape hugis-diyamanten diary tala-arawann dictionary talahulugan/diksiyonaryopt v did *see don didgeridoo didgeridov die mamatayn diet diyetaadj different iba/magkaibaadj difficult mahirapv dig maghukayn dingo dinggo/katutubong aso ng Australyan dinner hapunann dinosaur dinosauron direction direksyonn dirt dumi/lupaadj dirty marumiv disagree di magkasundon disagreement hidwaan/pagtatalon disc (round, flat object) diskn disco diskuhan/sayawanv discover matuklasann discovery pagkakatuklasv discuss talakayin/pagtalunann discussion pagtatalakay/paguusap

18

disease – drop

n disease sakit/masamang karamdamann dish plato/putahen dishwasher (appliance) de-makinang hugasan ng pinggann disk (of computers) diskn disk drive tagatulak ng diskv dislike di gustov dismiss palabasin/pauwiinn distance layo/agwatv disturb guluhinv dive sumisidv divide hatiinn division paghahativ divorce diborsiyo/kalag-kasal

dov 1. perform isagawaphrase 2. What does she do? anong gawain/trabaho niya?

(what's her job?)

phrase 3. How do you do? (greeting) kumusta kayo?n doctor duktorn document dokumenton dog ason dollar dolyarn door pintuanv double doble

doubtn 1. uncertainty duda/alinlanganv 2. hesitate to believe mag-alinlanganv drag kaladkarinn dragon dragonpt v drank *see drinkv draw hilahinn drawer lalagyang hinihila

dreamn 1. images during sleep panaginipv 2. imagine mangarappt v dreamt *see dream

dressn 1. woman's clothing kasuutanv 2. to put on clothing magdamit/magsuotpt v drew *see draw

drinkn 1. beverage inuminv 2. swallow liquid uminomv drive magmanehon driveway daanan mula kalye papasok sa bahay

dropn 1. small amount of water patakv 2. let fall papatakin/pabagsakin

19

drought – email

n drought tag-tuyotpt v drove *see drivev drown nalunodn drug gamut/drugan drum dram/lalagyann drunk (person who drinks lasinggero

too much alcohol)

adj dry tuyopt v dug *see digadj dumb pipiprep during noong panahon ng

dustn 1. dirt alikabok/dumiv 2. clean of dirt malinis/walang dumin duster panlinis ng alikabok/damit pambahayn duty (something you must do) tungkulin

En eagle agilan ear tainga/tengaadj early maagav earn kumita/kitainn earring hikawn earth daigdig/mundon east silanganadj easy madali/maalwanv eat kumainn echidna ekidnan edge gilidv edit iwasto/isa-ayosn education edukasyonn effect bisa/epekton effort sikap/punyagin egg itlogadj either alinmann elastic elastiko/nahuhutokn elbow siko

elderadj 1. older than mas nakatatandan 2. older person matandan election eleksiyon/halalann electrician elektrisyann electricity elektrisidad

emailn 1. Internet letter internet na sulatv 2. send an Internet letter sumulat gamit ang internet

20

embarrass – excellent

v embarrass hiyain/gipitinadj embarrassed hiniyan emergency biglang pangangailangan/kagipitann emigrant emigranten emotion emosyon/damdaminv employ gumamitn employee namamasukan/empleyadon employer taga-empleo/may-patrabahon employment trabaho/pamamasukanadj empty walang laman/basiyon emu emyuv encourage pasiglahin/pukawin/himukin

endn 1. termination wakas/katapusanv 2. finish tapusinn enemy kaaway/kalaban

engagedadj 1. busy walang panahon/abalaadj 2. soon to be married kumasundon engine makinav enjoy ikalugod/ikatuwa/ikasiyaadj enormous napakalaki/katakut-takotadj enough tama na/sapatv enquire mag-usisa/magtanongv enter pumasokv entertain istimahin/libangin/aliwinn entertainment panlilibang/pang-aaliwn entrance pasukan/pinton entry pagpasokn envelope enbelop/sobren environment kapaligiranadj equal pantay/parehasn equator ekwador/hati ng mundon equipment kagamitan

escapen 1. an act of escaping pagtakasv 2. get away tumakasadv even (divisible by two) pares/patasn evening gabin event pangyayariadj every bawa’tabbrev exam *see examinationn examination pagsusuri

examplen 1. illustration ilustrasyonabbrev 2. e.g.

adj excellent magaling/dalubhasa/napakahusay

21

exchange – factory

exchangen 1. act of exchanging palitanv 2. give up for an equivalent pakikipagpalitanv excite pukawinadj excited masiglang-masigla/tuwang-tuwan excitement pagiging masiglaadj exciting nakapagpapasigla/nakatutuwan excursion ekskursyon/pagliliwaliw

excusen 1. justification dahilanv 2. pardon magpatawadint 3. Excuse me! patawarin po

exercisen 1. physical work pagganap/paghehersisyon 2. class work pagsasanayn 3. exercise book aklat ng pagsasanay

exitn 1. way out labasanv 2. go out lumabasv expect asahanadj expensive mamahalin

experiencen 1. thing undergone karanasanv 2. undergo danasin/dumanas

experimentn 1. science trial eksperimentov 2. try something pagsubok/pagtitikimv explain magpaliwanagn explanation paliwanagv explode pumutok/sumabogv explore galugarin

expressadj 1. fast mabilisanv 2. say ipahayag/sabihin

expressionn 1. on face ekspresyon/hitsura n 2. in words pananalitaadj extra dagdag/palabisn eye matan eyebrow kilay

F face

n 1. part of body mukhaphrase 2. face the front humarap sa unahancolloq phr 3. Face it! (believe it) harapin mo/paniwalaan mon fact pangyayarin factory pabrika/pagawaan

22

fade – fence

v fade kumupasv fail magkulang/mabigo/bumagsak

faintadj 1. not dark malabov 2. become unconscious mawalan ng malay/himatayin

fairadj 1. just patas/makatarunganadj 2. light mapusyaw/maputiadv fairly (quite) marami-ramin fairy diwata/engkantadav fall mahulogadj false maliadj familiar pamilyar/alam na alam/kilala

familyn 1. kin kapamilya/kamag-anakn 2. family tree linya ng pamilyaadj famous kilala/bantog/tanyag

fann 1. great admirer tagahangan 2. equipment to blow air bentiladoradj far malayon fare (cost for trip) pamasahen farm bukid/sakahann fashion moda/usoadj fashionable moderno/sunod sa uso

fastadv 1. quick mabilisadv 2. forward in time nangungunav 3. go without food mag-ayunov fasten ikabitadj fat mataban father ama/tatayn fault kamaliann favour tulongadj favourite paborito/kinikilingann fax faks

fearn 1. feeling of impending danger pangambav 2. be afraid pagkatakotn feather pakpak/balahibov feed pakanin

feelv 1. as emotion damdamin/maramdamanv 2. touch damahin/hipuinpt v fell *see fallpt v felt *see feeladj female (of gender) babaen fence bakod

23

ferry – flashing

n ferry bantilan/tawiran/lantsan festival pistan fever lagnatadj few kaunti

fieldn 1. where sport is played larangan/palaruann 2. open land linang/bukidadj fierce mabagsik

fightn 1. battle labananv 2. engage in battle makilaban

figuren 1. number numeron 2. person sagisag/sikat/piguraphr v 3. figure out (understand) maintindihanv fill punuinn film pelikulaadj final panghuliv find makita/matagpuan

fineadj 1. not raining maaliwalasadj 2. opposite thick pino/manipisadj 3. well (healthy) maayos/malusogn finger daliri

finishn 1. end point katapusan/hulihanv 2. end wakas

firev 1. cease to employ tanggal v 2. shoot barilinn 3. something burning sunogn fireworks paputokadv first unan first aid pangunang-lunas

fishn 1. water creature isdav 2. catch fish mangisdan fishing rod pamingwit

fitadj 1. healthy malusogn 2. size tamang-tama/plastadophrase 3. fit in with (match well) bumagay sav fix ayusinn flag bandera/watawatn flame apoyn flash (bright light) kislapadj flashing kumikislap

24

flat – form

flatn 1. dwelling bahayadj 2. shape patagn flavour lasapt v flew *see flyn flight paglipadv float lumutangn flood baha

floorn 1. part of a room sahign 2. level of a building palapagn floppy disk flapi disk/plaka ng kompyuterv flow agosn flower bulaklakabbrev flu *see influenza

flyn 1. insect langawv 2. move through the air lumipadn fog (weather condition) ulopadj foggy maulopv fold tiklupinn folder polderv follow sumunodn font bukaln food pagkainn fool ungasadj foolish liko/nakakatawan foot paan football putboln footwear kasuutan sa paa

forphrase 1. for us para sa atinphrase 2. for NSW para sa NSWphrase 3. for $5 sa halagang $5

forcen 1. strength lakas/pwersav 2. impose on pilitin/pwersahinadj foreign (not native) dayon foreigner dayuhan/banyagan forest gubatpt v forgave *see forgivev forget makalimotv forgive magpatawadpt v forgot *see forgetn fork tinidor

formn 1. paper you fill in pormularyo/pormav 2. make hubugin/gawin

25

fortnight – funeral

n 3. shape kalagayann fortnight tuwing dalawang linggoadj fortunate maswerteadv fortunately mabuti na lang

fortunen 1. large amount of money kayamanann 2. luck kapalaranpt v fought *see fightpt v found *see findn fountain bukal/batisn fraction maliit na bahagin frame kuwadro

freeadj 1. costing nothing libreadj 2. unoccupied walang gumagamitv 3. let go pawalann freedom kalayaanv freeze papagyeluhi/patigasin sa lamign freezer (appliance) palamigan/priseradj frequent madalasadj fresh sariwaabbrev fridge *see refrigeratorn friend kaibiganadj friendly palakaibigann fright sindakv frighten sindakin

fromphrase 1. from Sydney galing sa Sydneyphrase 2. from my grandmother galing sa aking lolaphrase 3. from $10 magmula $10

frontadj 1. opposite back harapanprep 2. in front of nasa unahann front door harapang pinton front steps unahang mga baitangv frown magkunot ng noopt v froze *see freezen fruit prutas

fulladj 1. opposite empty punoadj 2. not hungry busogn full stop (punctuation mark) tuldok

funn 1. mirthful amusement pagkakatuwacolloq phr 2. make fun of (ridicule) biruin/pagtawanann funeral libing

26

funny – girl

funnyadj 1. humorous nakatatawaadj 2. strange kakaiban fur pinong balahibon furniture mga kasangkapanadj further higit pan future hinaharap

Gv gamble sugaln game laron gaol *see jailn gap siwangn garage (of house) garahen garden hardinn garlic bawangn gas gasn gate tarangkahan/pintuanv gather tipuninpt v gave *see give

gayadj 1. happy masayaadj 2. homosexual bakla/tomboyn gender kasarian

generaladj 1. usual pangkalahatann 2. rank in army heneraladv generally karaniwann generosity kagandahang–loobadj generous mapagbigayadj gentle marahan

getv 1. become magingv 2. receive tumanggapv 3. possess magkaroonv 4. arrive dumatingv 5. obtain magkamitphr v 6. get on with (like) magkaayos niphr v 7. get out (leave) lumayophr v 8. get together (meet) magkita–kitaphr v 9. get up (arise) tumayophr v 10. get rid of (dispose of) itapon

giantn 1. huge mythical being higanteadj 2. very big mala–higante/napakalakin gift regalon girl nene/dalaga

27

give – grain

givev 1. hand to magbigayphr v 2. give in (hand in) ibigaycolloq phr 3. give in (surrender) isukophr v 4. give out (distribute) ipagkaloob/ipamudmodphr v 5. give up (surrender) suko naphr v 6. give up (stop as for smoking) tinigilan naadj glad natutuwa

glassn 1. window material bintanang salaminn 2. drinking vessel bason glasses (for eyesight) salamin/anteohosn glove guwantes

gov 1. move magpuntaphrase 2. go by bus sumakay ng busphrase 3. go out with sumama kayphr v 4. go wrong sumama ang takbophr v 5. go on with (continue) ituloy langphr v 6. go well maayos langphr v 7. go over (check) tsekin phr v 8. go through (check) i-tsek muliphr v 9. go after (chase) habulin n god diyosn gold gintoadj golden ginintuan

goodadj 1. opposite bad mabutiphrase 2. vegetables are good for you mga gulay ay mabuti para sa iyocolloq phr 3. Good for you! (congratulations) Magaling para sa iyoint 4. Good afternoon (greeting) Magandang haponint 5. Goodbye Paalamint 6. Good day (greeting) Magandang arawint 7. Good morning (greeting) Magandang umagaint 8. Good night (farewell) Magandang gabi

goodnessn 1. virtue kabutihanint 2. My goodness! diyos ko po!

(expression of surprise)

n goods mga gamit/panindan gossip tsismispt v got *see getv govern mamahalan government gobyernon governor gobernadorv grab sunggabanadv gradually paunti-untin grain butil

28

grand – habit

adj grand maringal/saganan grandchild apon granddaughter apong babaen grandfather lolon grandmother lolan grandparent lolo’t lolan grandson apong lalakin grape ubasn graph grapika/talaguhitann grass damoadj grateful nagpapasalamatn grave libingan/puntodadj great malakin greed takawadj greedy katakawanadj green berde/luntianv greet batiinn greeting pagbatipt v grew *see growadj grey abuhinn grief dalamhativ grieve magdalamhativ grill (cooking) ihawan

grossadj 1. total kabuuancolloq 2. disgusting nakahihiya

groundn 1. earth lupaadj 2. bottom (as for ground floor) ibaba/unang palapagn group grupophrase group of students grupo ng mga estudyantev grow lumakin grown-up binata or dalaga nav guard bantayann guardian taga-bantayv guess hulaann guest bisita

guiden 1. leader giya/patnubayv 2. show the way patnubayann guilt kasalananadj guilty maysalan guitar gitaran gum tree punong gamabbrev gym *see gymnasiumn gymnasium himnasyo/dyim

Hn habit ugali

29

had – have

pt v had *see have n hail (weather condition) butil-butil na yelon hailstorm ulan ng yelon hair buhokn haircut gupit ng buhokadj halal patayin (seremonyang muslim)

halfadj 1. equal part of kalahatiphrase 2. half-past eight kalahating oras makalipas ang alas otson hall bulwagann hallway pasilyov halve hinatin hamburger hamburgern hammer martilyo

handn 1. body part kamayn 2. hand-out limosphr v 3. hand in iabotn handbag hanbagn handball larong hanbol

handlen 1. thing that may be held tatangnanv 2. touch hawakanadj handsome makisign handwriting sulat-kamay

hangv 1. suspend isabit/ibitinphr v 2. hang around (loiter) gumalaphr v 3. hang onto (hold) kumapitphr v 4. hang up (put receiver down) ibabaint 5. Hang on! (wait) hintayv happen mangyarin happiness kaligayahanadj happy maligayan harbour puwerto/daungan

hardadj 1. difficult mahirapadj 2. not soft matigasadv hardly (rarely) bahagya nav harm pinsalan harvest anin hat sumbrerov hate pagkasuklam

havev 1. own mayroonphrase 2. have a headache masakit ang ulophrase 3. have dinner maghapunanphrase 4. have a hair cut magpagupitphr v 5. have on (wear) magsuot ng

30

have to – his

phr v have to (be compelled to) dapat napron he siya

headn 1. body part ulon 2. leader pinunon headache sakit ng ulon heading (title) titulon health kalusuganadj healthy malusogn heap (pile) patong-patongv hear marinigpt v heard *see hearn heart puso

heatv 1. warm mainitn 2. warmth initn heater (appliance) taga-initadj heavy mabigatn height taaspt v held *see holdn helicopter helikopterint hello helo

helpn 1. aid pagtulongphrase 2. help yourself (serve yourself) asikasuhin ang sarili mocolloq phr 3. I can't help it (I have no hindi ko maiwasan

control over it)

adj helpful matulunginn hemisphere hemisper/kalahati ng mundo

herphrase 1. ask her tanungin mo siyaphrase 2. her book kanyang libroadv here diton hero bayaniv hesitate mag-alinlangann hexagon heksagonoint hi haypt v hid *see hidev hide magtago

highadj 1. tall matangkad/mataasadj 2. as for musical note mataasphrase high-heeled shoe mataas ang takong na sapatos n high school mataas na paaralann hill burolpron him kanyan hip balakangv hire umupa/mag-rentapron his kanya

31

history – however

n history kasaysayanhit

v 1. strike paluincolloq 2. winner tagumpayv hitch-hike umangkasn hobby libangan

holdv 1. grasp hawakann 2. hold-up (robbery) nakawann 3. hold-up (delay) pagkabinbinint 4. Hold it! (stop) itigilcolloq phr 5. hold on (wait) maghintay san hole butasn holiday walang pasok/bakasyon/kapistahanadj hollow hungkag/walang lamanadj holy banaln home tahananadj homesick sabik sa pag-uwin homework (school work you gawaing-bahay

do at home)

n honest di mandaraya/matapathook

n 1. curved piece of metal kawitv 2. catch namingwit

hopen 1. expectation pag-asav 2. wish inaasahann horizon kagiliran

horn n 1. animal part sungayn 2. car part businaadj horrible nakapanghihilakbot/nakakikilabotn horror pagkatakotn horse kabayon hospital ospitaln host mayhandan hostel bahay-tuluyan

hotadj 1. very warm napakainitcolloq 2. very good magalingn hotel oteln hot-plate lutuang-mainit na bakaln hour orasn house bahayn housework (domestic work) gawain sa bahay

howadv 1. in what way papaanocolloq phr 2. how come? (why) papaanong nangyariconj however gayunpaman

32

huge – industry

adj huge napakalakihuman

adj 1. of people pantaon 2. human being taon humour katatawananpt v hung *see hangadj hungry gutomv hunt pangangaso

hurryv 1. move quickly bilisancolloq phr 2. hurry up dalian

hurtv 1. injure saktanadj 2. wounded nasugatann hut kubo

Ipron I akon ice yelon ice-cream sorbetsadj ideal huwaranconj if kungadj ill maysakit/may karamdamanadj illegal iligal/labag sa batasn illness karamdamann illustration pagpapakitav imagine ipalagayadj immediate madalianadv immediately kaagadn immigrant imigrante/dayoadj important mahalagaadj impossible hindi mangyayariv improve pabutihin

inprep 1. indicates enclosed place sa loob ngphrase 2. in Australia sa Australyaphrase 3. in January sa Enerophrase 4. in English sa Inglesphrase 5. in pencil sa lapisphrase 6. in love sa pag-ibigphrase 7. in danger sa panganibphrase 8. in time (not late) nasa oras v include isaman income kinitaadj incorrect hindi tamav increase dagdagann index palatandaanadj indoor panloobn industry industriya

33

infect – is

v infect makahawan infection impeksyonv influence impluwensyan influenza trangkasov inform ipabatidn information impormasyonprep in front of sa harap ngv inhabit tirahann inhabitant ang naninirahan

initialadj 1. first pang-unan 2. first letter of name unang letra ng pangalann injection ineksiyonv injure manakit/masugatann injury pinsalaadj inner sa loobadj innocent walang-sala/inosenten insect insektov insert isuotprep inside loobv insist ipilit

instantn 1. moment sandaliadj 2. immediate biglaanadv instead sa halipv instruct magturon instruction turon instrument (musical) instrumentong pangmusikan insurance paseguruhan/seguroadj intelligent matalinov intend magbalakn interest kapakananadj interested may interesadj interesting kawiliwilin Internet internetv interrupt abalahinn intersection interseksiyonn interview panayamprep into sav introduce ipakilalan introduction (of a book) pambungadv invent imbenton invitation paanyayav invite anyayahan

ironn 1. metal bakaln 2. household appliance plantsav 3. as for clothing plantsahinprt v is *see be

34

island – keyboard

n island malaking islait

pron 1. subject itopron 2. object itopron its (possessive) nito/niyon

Jn jacket diyaketn jail kulungan/bilangguann jar garaponadj jealous pagseselosn jeans pantalon n jet diyet/puslitn jewel hiyasn jewellery alahasn job trabahov jog tumakbo ng payagyagn jogger mananakbo

joinv 1. unite pagsamahinv 2. as a club sumapiadj joint pinagsaman joke biron journey paglalakbayn joy kaligayahan

judgen 1. person in court huwes/mahistradov 2. make a decision about magpasiya/magdesisyonn judgment kapasiyahann judo dyudon juice katasv jump tumalonn jumper (clothing) diyaket/sweter

justadv 1. only lamangadj 2. fair makatarungan

Kn kangaroo kanggaro

keepv 1. hold on to mahawakanphr v 2. keep away ilayophr v 3. keep going ituloyphr v 4. keep out huwag lalapit/papasokphr v 5. keep up ipagpatuloycolloq phr 6. The teacher kept us in ikinulong kami ng guro pt v kept *see keepn key susin keyboard tipaan ng makinilya

35

keyring – large

n keyring liyaberan keyword salitang pinakasusiv kick sipaincolloq kid (child) batav kill patayinn killer mamamatay-tao

kindadj 1. good hearted mapagpalan 2. type tipo/urin kindness kabaitann king hariv kiss halikn kitchen kusinan knee tuhodv kneel lumuhodpt v knelt *see kneelpt v knew *see known knife kutsilyov knit maggantsilyon knob hawakanv knock kumatokn knot buhol

knowv 1. understand malamanv 2. be acquainted with makilalaphrase 3. Let me know (tell me) ipaalam sa akinn koala kowalan kookaburra ibong kukabara

Labbrev lab *see laboratoryn label etikitan laboratory laboratoryon labour paggawav lack kulanginn lad binatilyon ladder hagdanpt v laid *see layn lake lawan lamp ilawan/lampara

landn 1. opposite of sea lupan 2. country bansav 3. as for plane lupainn language wika

lapn 1. body part kandungann 2. distance in a pool ligidadj large malaki

36

last – less

lastadj 1. opposite of first kahuli-hulihanv 2. endure magtagaladv lastly bilang wakasadj late (opposite of early) nahuliadv lately kamakailan lamangadv later sa bandang huliv laugh tumawan laughter tawan laundry labanderiya/panglabahann law batasn lawn damuhann lawyer abogado

layv 1. as for eggs mangitlogv 2. put ilapagadj lazy tamad

leadv 1. go first mangunan 2. holder for a dog pang-akayn leader pinunon leadership pamumunon leaf dahonv leak tulo

leanv 1. incline sumandaladj 2. thin payatv leap lumundagn leap year taong bisyesto/taong paresv learn matutuhanpt v learnt *see learnadj least pinakamaliitn leather katad/balat

leavev 1. separate from iwanann 2. time off pagbabakasyonphr v 3. leave alone iwanang mag-isaphr v 4. leave on iwanang umaandarphr v 5. leave out napag-iwananpt v led *see leadpt v left *see leaveadj left (opposite of right) kaliwaadj left-handed kaliweten leg bintin lemon limon/kahelv lend magpahiramn length kahabaanpt v lent *see lendadv less kakaunti/kulang sa

37

lesson – lizard

n lesson leksiyonlet

v 1. allow pahintulutanv 2. rent upahan/rentahan

lettern 1. as of alphabet titikn 2. correspondence sulatn letterbox busonn lettuce letsugasadj level taasn liar sinungalingn library aklatan/bibliotekan licence lisensyav lick dilaann lid takip

liev 1. tell untruths magsinungalingphr v 2. lie down mahigan life buhayn lifesaver tagapagligtas

liftv 1. raise iangat/itaasn 2. elevator asensor/elebeytorn 3. car ride iangkas/pasakay

lightn 1. opposite of darkness liwanagn 2. as for electric light ilawadj 3. not dark maliwanagadj 4. not heavy magaann lighter (as for cigarettes) pansindi/laytern lightning kidlat

likev 1. be fond of magustuhanprep 2. similar to katulad ngn limit hangganann line guhitn lip labin liquid likidon list listahan/talaananv listen makinigpt v lit *see lightn litter kalatadj little maliit

livev 1. exist mabuhayadj 2. opposite of dead buhayn living (job) trabahon living room salasn lizard butiki

38

load – lunch

v load maglulan/kargahann lobster ulang

localn 1. person from a particular area tagaritoadj 2. pertaining to an area lugar/diton location kinaroroonanv lock isusi/susiann log (wood) troson lolly kendiadj lonely malungkot

longadj 1. opposite of short mahabaphr v 2. long for (want) gusto ngphrase 3. How long?(as time) gaano katagalphrase 4. How long?(as length) gaano kahabaphrase 5. long ago matagal na panahon na

lookn 1. glance sulyapanphr v 2. look at tingnanphr v 3. look after alagaan angphr v 4. look for hanapin angphr v 5. look forward to inaasahan angphr v 6. look up to tularan phrase 7. look like (resemble) para/katulad/kahawigadj loose maluwag

losev 1. opposite of find mawalav 2. opposite of win matalophrase 3. she lost her mother namatay ang ina

(her mother died)

n loss pagkawalapt v lost *see lose

lotn 1. destiny kapalaranphrase 2. a lot of karamihan ng/marami saadj loud malakasn lounge room pahingahan/sala

loven 1. passionate affection pag-ibigv 2. feel passionate hilig/mawiliadj low mababan lower case maliit na titikadj loyal tapatn luck kapalaranadj lucky maswerten lump bukoln lunch tanghalian

39

machine – match

M n machine makina

madadj 1. angry galitadj 2. insane ulol/luko-lukocolloq phr 3. mad about (loves) nahihibang sa n madam sinyorapt v made *see maken magazine magasinn magic mahiya/gayuma/salamangkan magpie ibong magpay

mailn 1. correspondence lihamv 2. send sulatanadj main pangunahin

makev 1. manufacture gumawaphrase 2. make the bed ayusin ang higaanphrase 3. make friends makipagkaibiganphr v 4. make up (reconcile) makipagkasundon make-up mek-ap/pampagandaadj male lalakin mammal mamalyan man lalakiv manage mangasiwan manager tagapangasiwan mandarin mandarinn mango manggan manner (way) paraann manners (pertaining to kagawian

polite behaviour)

v manufacture gawaadj many maramin map mapan margin (of a book) marhenn marijuana marihuana

markv 1. correct markahann 2. numerical value for work kahalagahann 3. spot tatakn market pamilihann marriage kasalv marry ikasaln mat banig

matchv 1. suit parehan 2. implement for lighting pusporo

40

mate – midday

n 3. game labann mate (friend) kaibigann material materyaln mathematics matematikaabbrev maths *see mathematics

mattern 1. substance sangkapphrase 2. What's the matter? anong nangyayariphrase 3. It matters a lot ito’y mahalagang-mahalagav may (allowed to) maaari/pwedeadv maybe maaaringpron me akon meal pagkain

meanv 1. intend mangahulugan/sadyainn 2. average kalagitnaan/katamtamanphrase 3. I didn't mean it (accidental) di ko sinasadyan meaning ibig sabihinn means (resources) kakayahanpt v meant *see meanadv meanwhile samantalav measure sukatinn measurement kasukatan/sukatn meat karnen meat pie empanadang karnen mechanic mekanikon medication paggamotn medicine gamotadj medium panggitnav meet makita/makasalubongn melon milonv melt matunawn member miyembro/kasapiv memorise isaulon memory alaalav mend magkumpuniadj mental mental/pang-isipv mention banggitin

menun 1. list in restaurant listahan ng ulamn 2. list on a computer patnubay sa kompyutern mess gulo/kalatn message mensahe/pahatidpt v met *see meetn metal bakaln method paraann microscope mikroskopyon microwave (oven) maykroweb na hurnon midday katanghalian

41

middle – moist

middleadj 1. central kalagitnaann 2. centre gitnaadj middle-aged nasa gitnang gulangn midnight hatinggabi

mightv 1. express possibility titingnan/maaarin 2. strength lakasn migrant dayuhan/imigranteadj mild maamo/mahinayn military militaryan milk gatasn milkbar tindahang maliit

mindn 1. consciousness kaisipanphrase 2. Keep in mind alalahanin/tandaanphrase 3. Never mind (don't worry) huwag mag-alala/huwag intindihinphrase 4. I don't mind di ko iniintindiphrase 5. Mind the step (be careful) kaingatan/mag-ingat sa hakbang

minepron 1. possessive akinn 2. underground excavation minahann mineral mineraln minister (government) ministroprep minus bawas

minuten 1. unit of time minutoadj 2. very small napakaliitn mirror salaminadj miserable kaaba-aba/miserablev misplace mawaglit

missn 1. woman's title binibiniv 2. long for minimithiv 3. opposite of hit sumala/mintisadj missing nawawalan Missus ginangn Mister ginoon mistake kamalianv misunderstand di pagkakasundo/di maintindihanv mix pagsamahinn mixture pinaghalon mobile phone teleponong ‘mobile’

modeln 1. representation huwarann 2. person who shows clothes modeloadj modern modernoadj modest mahinhinadj moist basa-basa

42

moment – naked

n moment saglitn money peran monitor (computer) monitorn month buwann mood (frame of mind) disposisyonn moon buwanadj moral marangaladv more higitn morning umagan mosque meskitaadj most pinakan mother inan motor motorn motor bike motorsiklon motor scooter motor iskuter

mousen 1. animal dagan 2. computer part mousephrase mouse button (computer) buton ng mousen mousepad sapin ng mousen moustache bigoten mouth bibigv move kumilosn movement pagkilosn movie palabas/sineabbrev Mr *see Misterabbrev Mrs *see Missusn Ms giningadv much maramiadj multicultural iba-ibang kulturan multiplication multiplikasyonv multiply magmultiplikaabbrev mum *see mother

murdern 1. unlawful killing pagpatayv 2. kill unlawfully pinatayn muscle kalamnann mushroom kabuten music musika/awitinv must dapat/kailanganpron my ang akingn mystery misteryo

N n nag manisi

nailn 1. body part kukon 2. metal spike pakoadj naked hubad

43

name – nobody

namen 1. title tawagphrase 2. given name unang pangalanphrase 3. family name apelyidoadj narrow makitidadj nasty nakapandidirin nation bansa/nasyonadj nationality nasyonalidad/bansang sinilanganadj native katutubo

naturen 1. person's character ugalin 2. environment kalikasanprep near malapit saadv nearby sa tabi-tabiadv nearly muntik na/malapit ngadj neat maayosadj necessary kailangann neck leegv need mangailangann needle karayom

negativen 1. film negatiboadj 2. opposite of positive salungat/kontrav neglect pinabayaann neighbour kapitbahayadv neither alinma’y hindin nerve ugatadj nervous nerbiyosn nest pugad

netn 1. trap lambatn 2. sport equipment tela metalika (tennis)abbrev Net *see Internetn netball (game) larong netboladv never kailanman ay hindiadj new bagon newspaper pahayagan

nextadv 1. after this kasunod nitoadj 2. following susunod naphrase 3. next door kabilang pintuanadj nice mainam/nakalulugodn night gabin nightclub klubn night dress kasuotang panggabi

noint 1. opposite yes hindidet 2. not at all walang anumanpron nobody walang sinuman

44

nocturnal – obvious

adj nocturnal panggabiv nod tumangon noise ingayadv noisily maingay naadj noisy maingaypron none walan noon katanghalianpron no-one walang ibaconj nor o kayaadj normal normaln north hilagan nose ilongn nosebleed pagdurugo ng ilongadv not huwag

noten 1. money perang papeln 2. short piece of writing maikling notaphrase 3. take note (be careful) tandaan naphrase 4. take notes magtalapron nothing walan notice paunawan notice board pisarang lalagyan ng paunawan noun pangngalann novel nobelaadv now ngayonadv nowadays sa panahong itoadv nowhere wala kahit saanadj nude hubo’t hubad

numbern 1. numeral numerov 2. count pagbilangphrase 3. a number of maraming bagayabbrev 4. no.

n nurse narsnut

n 1. fruit pili/nuwescolloq 2. mad person loko-lokon nutrition nutrisyon

Oadj obedient masunurinv obey sumunod

objectn 1. thing bagayn 2. aim layon/layuninv 3. be against sumalungatn objection pagtutolv obtain kumuhaadj obvious malinaw

45

occasion – only

n occasion pagkakataonadv occasionally paminsan-minsann occupation gawainn ocean malaking dagat/karagatanadv o'clock oras

oddadj 1. strange kakaibaphrase 2. odd number numerong may butalprep of ngint of course talaga/siyempre

offadv 1. away from palayo saprep 2. opposite on ipahiwalaycolloq phr 3. Off you go! lumakad na kayon offence kasalanan

offern 1. proposal alokv 2. present for approval mungkahin office opisinan officer opisyaladj official opisyaladv often malimitint oh! o

oiln 1. of petroleum langisv 2. grease grasaint okay okey

oldadj 1. opposite new lumaadj 2. opposite young matandan old age malaong edadadj old-fashioned makaluma

onprep 1. representing location saadj 2. opposite off isamaphrase 3. on fire nagliliyabphrase 4. on foot naglakad/nakapaaphrase 5. on time tama sa oras/nasa orasphrase 6. on holidays nagbabakasyonphrase 7. on the left sa kaliwaphrase 8. on the right sa kananphrase 9. on top sa itaas/sa ibabaw

onceadv 1. one time minsananphrase 2. at once kaagadphrase 3. once a week minsan sa isang lingoadj one isan onion sibuyasadv only lamang

46

open – overcrowded

openadj 1. opposite of closed bukasphrase 2. in the open (outside) nasa hayag na lugarn opening daanan

operatev 1. work umaandarv 2. carry out surgery operahinn operation operasyonn opinion opinyonn opportunity pagkakataonv oppose sumalungatn opposite katapat

orangeadj 1. colour kulay dalandann 2. fruit dalandan/kaheln orchestra orkestra

ordern 1. numerical sequence sunod sa kaayusann 2. direction for a supply pabiliv 3. put in sequence isa-ayosv 4. arrange supply of umorder ngadj ordinary karaniwan

organn 1. musical instrument organon 2. body part bahagin organisation samahanv organise magtatagn origin pinagmulanpron other iba/ikalawaconj otherwise kung hindipron our amin

outadv 1. opposite in sa labasprep 2. out of mula saphrase 3. Lights out! isara/patayin ang ilawphrase 4. made out of ginawa saphrase 5. out of bounds di maabot-abotphrase 6. out of date wala na sa petsaphrase 7. out of order wala sa lugar/ayosphrase 8. out of work walang trabahoadv outside nasa labasadj oval (shape) habilog

overadv 1. finished natapos naprep 2. pertaining to location sa itaasphrase 3. over and over muli’t muliphrase 4. over there doon sa phrase 5. fall over mabuwal mula sa pagkakatayoadj overcrowded siksikan

47

overdo – pass

v overdo lumabis/nasobrahanadj overdue huli na/lampas na sa panahonn overhead projector nasa ulunang proyektorv overhear narinigadj overnight magdamagadv overseas ibayong dagatv oversleep napasarap ng tulogv overtake unahan/lampasanv owe utangphrase owing to (due to) sa dahilang/dahil sa

ownv 1. have mag-ariphrase 2. his own money sariling peran owner may-arin oxygen oksiheno

Pv pack paketephrase pack of cards manghal na mga baraha n packet bilotn pad (as note-pad) sulatang papeln paddock sanayan ng mga kabayon page pahina/ipatawag/pahept v paid *see payn pain sakit/kirotv paint pagpinta/pagpipinturan painting pagpipintan pair pares/parehaadj pale maputlan pan bandehan pants mga pantalonn pantyhose pantihosn paper papeln paragraph talataanadj parallel kaagapayn parallelogram paralelogramon parent magulang

parkn 1. green space parke/liwasanv 2. as a car iparadan part bahagin participle (grammar) pandiwariadj particular talaga/tinutukoyn partner kaparehaadj part-time pansamantalan party (gathering) pagtitipon

passv 1. go by dumaanv 2. opposite of fail pumasa/lumusot

48

passage – persuade

v 3. hand over ipasan 4. train pass pases sa trenn passage lagusann passenger pasaheron passport pasaporte

pastn 1. time gone by nagdaanphrase 2. walk past dinaanan/nilampasanphrase 3. half past three kalahating oras makalipas ang ikatlophrase 4. past tense pangnagdaann pasta pasta

pasten 1. glue pandikitv 2. stick with paste idikitn path daraanan

patientn 1. a person under medical pasyente

treatment

adj 2. calm under stress mapagtiisn pause tigil-pansamantalan paw paa ng hayop

payn 1. earnings sahodv 2. provide with money bayarann pea gisantesn peace kapayapaanadj peaceful mapayapan pen panulatn pencil lapisn pencil case lalagyan ng lapisn penguin penggwinn pentagon limang panign pepper siliadv per cent porsiyenton percentage porsiyentoadj perfect walang depektov perform gawinn perfume pabangoadv perhaps marahil/maaari

periodn 1. school day division oras ng klasen 2. pertaining to menstruation buwanang reglan 3. amount of time panahonn permission pahintulot

permitn 1. licence lisensyav 2. allow pahintulutann person taov persuade hikayatin

49

pet – plate

n pet alagang hayopn petrol petrolyo/gasolinaabbrev phone *see telephonen photocopy potostat/kinopya sa makina

photographn 1. picture larawanv 2. take a picture maglitraton phrase pariralaadj physical pisikaln pianist piyanistan piano piyano

pickv 1. choose pumilicolloq phr 2. pick on (bully) tinakotcolloq phr 3. pick up some English matuto ng Inglesphrase 4. take your pick piliin mon picnic piknikn picture larawann piece pirason pile buntonn pill pildorasn pillow unann pilot piloton pin aspilin pineapple pinyan pipe pipa

pityn 1. shame kahiya-hiyav 2. feel sorry for maawa

placen 1. location lugarv 2. put ilagayphrase 3. take place (occur) mangyariphrase 4. my place (home) aming bahay

plainn 1. field parangadj 2. ordinary simplephrase 3. It's plain (clear) malinaw

plann 1. scheme plano/panukalav 2. organise magbalak/magplanoabbrev plane *see aeroplanen planet planetan plant halaman

plasticn 1. resinous substance plastikadj 2. mouldable madaling baguhinn plate (household item) plato/pinggan

50

platform – pool

platformn 1. on station plataporman 2. for diving entabladon platypus platipus

playn 1. drama gumanap sa papel na v 2. have fun magsayaphrase 3. play a game maglarophrase 4. play a CD magpatugtog ng CDn playground palaruanadj pleasant kasiya-siyaint please pakisuyoadj pleased nasiyahann pleasure kasiyahann plenty marami

plugn 1. stopper pamasakn 2. electrical plag/pangsaksak sa koryentephr v 3. plug in isaksak

pluraladj 1. more than one maramin 2. grammar form maramihanprep plus idinagdag

pocketn 1. pouch bulsan 2. pocket money perang bulsa/panggastosn poem tulan poet manunulan poetry mga tula

pointn 1. sharp end matulisn 2. reason dahilann 3. numerical value puntov 4. gesture with finger magturophr v 5. point out iturophrase 6. point of view katwiranv poke sundutinn pole tikin/posten police pulisya

polishn 1. substance used for shining pampakintabv 2. make glossy pakintabinadj polite magalangn politics politikav pollute parumihinn pollution karumihan/polyusyonn pool (of water) sanaw

51

poor – preparation

pooradj 1. opposite rich mahirap/dukhaadj 2. not very good mahinang uricolloq 3. pitiable kaawa-awaabbrev pop *see popularadj popular bantogn population mga mamamayan

positionn 1. location kinatatayuann 2. viewpoint on paninindigan

positiveadj 1. opposite negative positiboadj 2. sure sigurado/tiyakv possess mag-arin possession pag-aariadj possible maaaringn possum posumv post koreon postage stamp selyon postcard postkardn post office opisina ng koreon poster paskiln pot (container) palayokn potato patatasn pot plant halamang pampason pouch bulsan powder pulbos

powern 1. strength lakasphrase 2. in power (in charge) nasa puwestoadj powerful makapangyarihanphrase power point saksakan ng koryenteadj practical praktikaln practice praktisv practise magsanay

praisen 1. approval purihinv 2. express approval magpahalaga/sumang-ayonv pray magdasaln prayer dasaladj precious mahalagav prefer mabutihinadj pregnant buntisn prejudice maling pagpapalagay

premiern 1. state government leader premier/pinuno ng estadoadj 2. leading pangunahingn preparation paghahanda

52

prepare – progress

v prepare maghandan preposition pang-ukoln prescription (doctor's) reseta/preskripsyon

presentn 1. gift regalov 2. give out magkaloobadj 3. opposite absent nariritophrase 4. at present (now) sa ngayonn president pangulo/presidente

pressn 1. media medyav 2. push pisainv pretend magkunwariadj pretty marikitv prevent hadlanganadj previous nauna/nakalipasn price presyov prick tudlok/tusukinn pride kahambuganadj primary pangunahin/unan primary school primerya-eskwelan prime minister punong ministro

principaln 1. school head prinsipaladj 2. leading pinakamahalagan principle paraan/prinsipyo

printv 1. of handwriting magsulatv 2. of machine mag-imprintan printer (computer) printern prison kulungan/bilangguanadj private pribadon prize premyo/gantimpalan probability probabilidadadj probable maaaring mangyariadv probably marahil ngan problem suliraninv proceed magpatuloyn process proseson procession prosesiyon

producen 1. yield aniv 2. make gumawan product produkton profession propesyon/hanapbuhayn professor propesorn profit tubon program programan progress progreso

53

project – pyjamas

n project (as school project) proyekto/ gawainpromise

n 1. assurance pangakov 2. vow mangakon pronoun panghalipv pronounce sabihin/bigkasinn pronunciation pagbigkasn proof pruweba/katunayanadj proper nauukol/wastoadv properly pantangin property ari-arianv protect pangalagaan/protektahann protection proteksiyon

protestn 1. objection protestav 2. object tumutoladj proud palalo/mayabangv prove patunayanv provide maglaan/magbigayn pub inumanadj public publikon public school eskwelahang publikophrase public transport sasakyang pampubliko

pullv 1. tug hilahinphr v 2. pull down (demolish) gibainphr v 3. pull up (stop) tumigil/ihintocolloq phr 4. pull oneself together ayusin ang sarili/maghunus-dilin pump bombaadj punctual maagapv punish parusahann punishment parusa

pupiln 1. eye part balintatawn 2. school student mag-aaral/estudyanteadj pure puroadj purple murado/kulay biyoleta

pushv 1. exert force itulakphr v 2. push in (go before your turn) makipag-unahan

putv 1. place ilagayphr v 2. put away (pack up) itagophr v 3. put off (delay) ilibanphr v 4. put on (dress in) isuotphr v 5. put out (as fire) patayin angphr v 6. put up with (endure) magtiisn puzzle palaisipann pyjamas padyamas/damit pantulog

54

pyramid – realise

n pyramid piramide

Q v qualify (make competent) maging kwalipikadoadj quality uri/kalidadn quantity damiv quarrel pag-aawayn quarter ika-apatn queen reynan question katanungann queue pila ng hintayanadj quick mabilisadv quickly bilisanadj quiet matahimikadv quietly walang ingayv quit huminto/umayawadv quite lubos

R race

n 1. competition kareran 2. ethnicity ka-etnikohan/lahiv 3. compete makipagpaligsahann racism rasismon radio radyon radius rayusn railing barandilyan railway daang bakal/riles ng trenn rain ulann rain coat kapotev raise itaaspt v ran *see runpt v rang *see ringn range hanayv rank ihanayadj rapid sunod-sunodadj rare bihira/madalangn rash (skin eruption) butlig-butligadv rather (to a certain extent) lalong mabutiadj raw hilaw/di-luto

reachv 1. arrive at dumatingphrase 2. out of reach (unobtainable) di kayang abutinv react manugon/tuguninn reaction palagay/epekto/tugonv read basahinadj ready handaadj real tunayv realise maunawaan

55

really – republic

adv really totooadj rear likurann reason dahilan/rasonv receive (get) pagtanggapadj recent kailan langn recess (morning tea) rises/saglit na pahingacolloq reckon (think or suppose) palagayv recognise kilalaninv record magtala

recountn 1. story genre magkwentov 2. narrate magsalaysay

recoverv 1. get back mabawiv 2. get better gumalingn rectangle rektangguloadj red pulav reduce bawasanv refer sumanggunin referee reperin refrigerator reprihiradorn refugee repuhiyado/nag-ebakuwetv refuse tumanggin region rehiyonv regret magsisiadj regular karaniwanadv regularly panayann relation (kin) kamag-anakann relationship relasyonn relative kamag-anakv relax relaksn religion relihiyonv remain maiwann remark banggitv remember alalahaninv remind ipaalalan reminder pagunitav remove alisin

rentn 1. payment for accommodation rentav 2. hire upav repeat ulitv replace palitanv reply kasagutan

reportn 1. written account pag-uulatv 2. give an account mag-ulatn reporter taga-ulatn republic republika

56

request – ring

requestn 1. petition kahilinganv 2. ask for makiusapv rescue iligtas

reserven 1. park parkev 2. keep aside maglaann resident residenten respect respeton responsibility responsibilidadadj responsible may kapanagutan

restn 1. relaxation pagpapahingav 2. relax magpahingan 3. remainder natitiran restaurant restorann rest room kubetan result resulta

returnn 1. arrival back kabalikanv 2. go back to bumalikv 3. give back to ibalikphrase 4. return tickets mga balikang tiket

reverseadj 1. opposite forward paatrasv 2. go backwards umatrasv revise baguhin

revolutionn 1. full circle pag-ikotn 2. war rebolusyonn reward gantimpalan rhythm indayog/ritmon ribbon lason rice bigasadj rich mayamanv rid magpaalisv ride sumakay

rightadj 1. opposite wrong tamaadj 2. opposite left kaliwaadv 3. direction pakaliwan 4. just claim karapatanphrase 5. all right (as for health) malusog ang lahatphrase 6. all right (as for agreement) maayos ang lahatphrase 7. right now (immediately) ngayon na agadn right angle kanang anggulo

ringn 1. jewellery alahasv 2. as a phone tawagan

57

ripe – run

v 3. as a bell tugtogadj ripe hinog

risen 1. ascent pag-akyatv 2. get up bumangonn risk risko/peligron river ilogn road daanv roar umungoln robot robotn rock baton rockpool kabatuhann rod kabilya/baton/patpatpt v rode *see ride

rolln 1. absentee list talaan n 2. form of bread tinapayv 3. move by turning over pagulunginn roof bubongn room silid/kuwarton root ugatn rope tali

rosen 1. flower bulaklak na rosaspt v 2. *see rise

adj rough baku-bakoround

adj 1. circular biluganphrase 2. round the corner pagliko sa kanto

rown 1. arrangement in a line hileran 2. fight away/labanv 3. as a boat pagsagwanadj royal maharlikav rub magkuskosn rubber goman rubbish basuraadj rude bastosv ruin guho

rulen 1. regulation regulasyonv 2. as a line guhitanv 3. govern pamamahalan ruler (school equipment) ruler

runv 1. move fast tumakbophrase 2. a river runs into the ocean ang ilog na umaagos sa dagatphr v 3. run away from lumayasphr v 4. run out of maubusan

58

rung – scissors

phr v 5. run over (with a car) masagasaann rung (of a ladder) baitingn runner-up pangalawaphrase runny nose tumutulong ilongv rush magmadali

Sadj sad malungkotadj safe ligtaspt v said *see say

sailn 1. part of ship layagv 2. cause movement of ship maglayag

using wind

n salad saladn salary suweldon sale bentahann salt asinadj same katuladn sand buhanginn sandal sandalyan sandwich sanwitspt v sang *see singpt v sat *see sitn satisfaction kasiyahanadj satisfactory kasiya-siyaadj satisfied nasisiyahanv satisfy masiyahann sauce sarsan sausage soriso/longganisa

savev 1. rescue iligtasv 2. keep on computer itagov 3. keep as money ipunin

sawn 1. tool lagarept v 2. *see see

v say magsabiscale

n 1. covering on animals kaliskisn 2. measuring device timbanganadj scarce kakauntin scarf bupanda/bandanan scene eksenan scenery tanawinn school paaralann school shoe sapatos pampaaralann science siyensyan scissors gunting

59

score – set

scoren 1. points made in a game puntosv 2. to get points makapuntosv scream sumigawn screen panabingn screw turnilyon sea maliit na dagatn seagull ibong segul

searchn 1. the act of searching paghahanapv 2. look for hanapinn season kapanahunann seat upuan

secondn 1. unit of time segundoadj 2. after first pangalawaadv secondly pangalawang kadahilanan

secretn 1. something hidden sekreto/lihimadj 2. unknown by others lihim sa karamihann section seksyonv see makitan seed buto/binhiv seek humanapadv seldom bihira/madalangv select piliinadj selfish sakimv sell magtindav send magpadala

sensen 1. one of the five faculties pandamaphrase 2. make sense (be intelligible) nauunawaanadj sensible makatwiranpt v sent *see sendn sentence pangungusap

separateadj 1. disconnected paglayuinv 2. to keep apart paghiwalayinn sequence pagkakasunod-sunodn series serye

seriousadj 1. important mahalagaadj 2. opposite of lighthearted seryoson servant alila/katulongv serve maglingkodn service serbisyo

setv 1. to put in a particular place ilagak/ilagayn 2. a group of things set

60

settle – short cut

phr v 3. set off (go) pagsimulan/umpisaphr v 4. set out (put in order) magtakdaphr v 5. set up (prepare) maghanda

settlev 1. to live in tumira saphr v 2. settle on (agree on) magkaayos sa/magkasundon settlement paninirahann settler ang nakatiraadj several maramiv sew tahiinn sex kasarian/seksn sexism pagkadi-mapagbigay/ukol sa seksn shade lilimn shadow aninov shake kalugin/yugyuginv shall maaariadj shallow mababawn shame hiyan shampoo siyampo/gugon shape hugis

sharen 1. portion bahagiv 2. divide up hatiinadj sharp matalas/matalimn sharpener pampatalas/pampatalimv shave ahitpron she siya n sheep tupa

sheetn 1. of paper pirason 2. of bedding kumotn shelf salansanan/istanten shell (of sea) kabibin shelter tirahan/silunganv shine pakintabinadj shiny makintabn ship baporn shirt kamisadentro/kamisan shock pagkabiglan shoe sapatosv shoot patamaan/barilin

shopn 1. place to buy goods tindahanv 2. buy goods mamilin shore baybay-dagat

shortadj 1. opposite tall pandakadj 2. opposite long maigsi/maiklin short cut pinaikli

61

shorts – skate

n shorts (clothing) pantalong maiklishot

n 1. gunfire nabarilpt v 2. *see shoot

v should dapat v shout sumigawv shove isalya/itulak

showv 1. display ipakita/idispleyn 2. as on TV palabas phr v 3. show off (be pretentious) magpakita/ipagyabang

showern 1. weather condition umulan-ulan/ambonv 2. wash oneself maligo/mag-siyawern 3. bathroom apparatus pansiyawerv shrink umurong/lumiitv shut sumara/isaraadj shy mahiyainadj sick maysakit/may karamdamann sick bay lagakan ng maysakitn side panigadv sideways patagilidn sight paningin

signn 1. information board karatulav 2. write one's signature pirmahan/lagdaann signal senyasn signature pirma/lagdan sign language lengguwaheng mustra/senyasn silence tahimikadj silent matahimikn silk sutlaadj silly uto-uton silver pilakadj similar katulad/kaparehoadj simple simplev sing kumanta/umawitadj single nag-iisan singlet kamisan singular (grammatical) isahan

sinkn 1. tub for washing lababov 2. go down lumubogn Sir (respectful form of address) Ser/pon sister kapatid na babaev sit umupo

skatev 1. glide over the ground mag-iskeyt sa lupan 2. equipment for skating iskeyt

62

skateboard – so

n skateboard iskeytbordn skateboarding paglalaro ng iskeytbordn ski iskin skiing pag-iiskiadj skilful maalam/sanayn skill kakayahann skin balat

skipv 1. jump lundagv 2. pass over lakdawan/lampasann skirt sayan sky langitn slang islangv slap sampaln slave alipinv sleep matulogadj sleepy na-aantokpt v slept *see sleepn slice hiwav slide magpadulasadj slim payatn sling bitinanv slip magtanan/madulasn slipper (type of shoe) tsinelasadj slippery madulasv slit hiwainn slope gulod

slowadj 1. opposite fast mabagaladj 2. behind time mahuliadv slowly marahanadj small maliitadj smart (clever) matalinov smash durugin

smelln 1. odour amoyv 2. inhale an odour maamoy

smilen 1. facial expression pagtawav 2. make facial expression tumawa

smoken 1. visible substance from fire usokv 2. inhale a substance manigarilyo/humithit adj smooth makinisn snack minindal/miryendan snake ahasv sneeze hatsingn snow niyebeconj so (consequently) kaya

63

soap – sphere

n soap sabonn soccer larong soker putboln society lipunann sock (clothing) medyas

softadj 1. opposite hard malambotadj 2. opposite loud mahinayadv softly marahanpt v sold *see sell

solidadj 1. three dimensional figure lantay/solidon 2. matter that is not liquid or gas buo

solutionn 1. answer sagotn 2. mixture (scientific) sangkap/halov solve lutasindet some ang ilann somebody may taon someone isang taoadv sometimes kung minsann son anak na lalakin song awitin/kantaadv soon agad

soreadj 1. painful masakitn 2. painful spot makirotphrase 3. sore throat masakit na lalamunanadj sorry nagsisisiv sort uriinn soul kaluluwan sound tunogn soup sabawadj sour maasimn south timog

spacen 1. outside earth's atmosphere alangaangn 2. room kwarton spade palaadj spare labisv speak magsalitaadj special ispesyal/natatangin speech talumpati

speedn 1. rapidity tulin/bilisv 2. go fast magpatulin/bilisan v spell magbaybayv spend gastahin/waldasinpt v spent *see spendn sphere bilog

64

spill – starfish

v spill tumaponv spin umikotn spirit (soul) espiritov spit lumurav splash tumilamsikv split biyakinv spoil bulukinpt v spoke *see speakn spoon kutsaran sport isportn sports oval dausan ng isportn sports shoe sapatos pang-isport

spotn 1. circular pattern mantsan 2. sore masakit na bahagin 3. place lugarv 4. see makitav spread palamanan

springn 1. season tagsibolv 2. jump lumundag

spyn 1. person who keeps secret espiya/manunubok

watch on others

v 2. watch tiktikan/subaybayansquare

n 1. plane figure kuwadradoadj 2. shaped as a square hinugis kuwadradon staffroom silid-pamunuann stage entabladon stair hagdanan

stampn 1. as for postage selyov 2. impress a mark on timbrihanv 3. strike with foot tadyakan

standv 1. take upright position tumayophr v 2. stand back lumayo kayo phr v 3. stand for (signify) tumutukoy ngphr v 4. stand up for (defend) ipaglabancolloq phr 5. I can't stand it (I hate it) di ko makayanan ito n standard pamantayan

starn 1. astral body bituin n 2. famous actor, singer etc. istar/bituin saadj 3. shape hugis-bituinn starfish isdang-bituin

65

start – stop

start n 1. beginning simula ng v 2. begin magsimula

statev 1. say ipahayagn 2. political division estadon statement pahayag

stationn 1. of railway istasyon ng trenn 2. police station istasyon/himpilan ng pulisn statue estatwav stay tumigiladj steady patuloyn steak hiniwang karnev steal magnakawn steam singawn steel bakaladj steep matarikn stem tangkay

stepv 1. move using feet humakbangn 2. stair baitangphrase 3. watch your step (be careful) mag-ingat sa paglakadn stepbrother kapatid sa labas na lalakin stepfather pangalawang aman stepmother pangalawang inan stepsister kapatid sa labas na babae

stickv 1. fasten idikitn 2. piece of wood tungkodadj sticky malagkitadj stiff maganit/matigas

stilladv 1. without moving walang galawadv 2. yet pav sting sundutin/sungkitin

stinkn 1. bad odour maamoyv 2. smell very bad mabahong amoyv stir umibopt v stole *see stealn stomach tiyann stomach-ache masakit ang tiyann stone batopt v stood *see stand

stopn 1. cessation itigilv 2. halt tigil/hinto

66

store – suburb

n store tipon/tindahann storey palapagn storm bagyon story kuwenton stove kalan/lutuann stove top itaas ng kalan

straightadj 1. not crooked tuwidadj 2. not wavy or curly (of hair) di kulotphrase 3. straight ahead diretso langv straighten ituwidv strain higpitanadj strange ibang-iban stranger dayuhann strawberry presasn stream sapan street daan/kalyen strength lakas

stressv 1. put emphasis on ipagdiinann 2. tension pagodadj strict mahigpit

strikev 1. hit hampasin/tamaann 2. blow hampasphrase 3. on strike (not working) welgan string pisi/lubid/gawadn strip alisanv stroke himasinadj strong (powerful) malakasn struggle magpunyagipt v stuck *see stickn student mag-aaral/estudyante

studyn 1. room of house pang-aralang silidv 2. endeavour to acquire mag-aral

knowledge

stuffn 1. material bagay-bagayv 2. push siksikinadj stupid tangan style istilo

subjectn 1. course of study asignaturan 2. topic paksan substance sustansiyav subtract bawasann subtraction pagbabawasn suburb arabal/suburbiya

67

succeed – survey

v succeed magtagumpayn success tagumpayv suck sipsipinadj sudden biglaadv suddenly pabiglav suffer magtiisn sugar asukalv suggest magmungkahin suggestion suhestiyon/mungkahi

suitn 1. clothing ternov 2. be appropriate bumagayadj suitable angkopn sum (total) kabuuann summer tag-arawn sun arawn sunburn paso ng araw/sunog sa arawn sunglasses pang-araw na salamin sa matan sunhat tabing sa araw/sombrerong pang-arawadj sunny maarawn sunscreen pampahid na tabing sa arawn sunshine silahis/sinag ng araw

supplyn 1. provisions mga kailanganv 2. provide tustos

supportn 1. assistance alalay/suportav 2. provide assistance itaguyodv suppose (assume) sakaliadj sure tiyak

surfn 1. seaswell alimbukayv 2. ride a surfboard sumakay sa tablang pang-alimbukayn surface ibabawn surfboard tablang pang-alimbukayn surfer taong sumasakay sa alimbukay

surgeryn 1. doctor's room silid ng duktorn 2. operation by doctor pag-ooperan surname apelyido

surprisen 1. unexpected event di-inaasahang pangyayariv 2. catch unprepared biniglaadj 3. unexpected magulatv surrender sumukov surround palibutan

surveyn 1. poll suriin/bilanganv 2. ask questions of pagsisiyasat

68

survival – tame

n survival pananatiling buhayv survive pananatili upang mabuhayn swagman magbobotin/namamangkav swallow lumunokpt v swam *see swim

swearv 1. use bad language magmurav 2. take oath of truth sumumpa/manumpav sweep mag-walisadj sweet matamisn sweet corn matamis na maisn sweet potato kamote v swim lumangoyn swimmer manlalangoyn swimming lumalangoyn swimming carnival karnabal ng languyann swimming costume kasuotang-panlangoy

swingv 1. sway iwasiwasn 2. play equipment duyan

switchn 1. device for turning on/off switsv 2. change ilipat/pagpalitinadj swollen mamagaphrase swollen ankle namamagang tuhodn sword espada

Ttable

n 1. furniture mesan 2. list listahann table tennis pingpongn tablet (medication) tabletasn tail buntot

takev 1. seize kuninv 2. last for (as time) hanggang kayaphr v 3. take away (mathematical) bawasin angphr v 4. take away (remove) alisin angphr v 5. take away (fast food) dinadalang pagkainphr v 6. take off (as clothing) maghubadphr v 7. take off (as plane) lumipadn tale kuwento/istorya

talkn 1. conversation pag-uusapv 2. converse mag-usapadj tall matangkadadj tame maamo

69

tan – terrific

tanv 1. sunbake tuyo sa arawadj 2. colour kulay arawn tank tangken tap (as for water) gripov tape (record) teypn task gawain

tastev 1. sample pagtikimphrase 2. the food tastes good masarap ang pagkainadj tasty malinamnampt v taught *see teachn tax buwisn taxi taksi

tean 1. beverage tsaan 2. dinner hapunanv teach pagtuturon teacher guron teacher's aide alalay sa pagtuturo/alalay ng guron team samahan

tearv 1. rip pagpunitn 2. liquid from the eye luhav tease pagbibiron technology teknolohiyan teenager tin-edyer

telephonen 1. device for phoning teleponov 2. ring tawagann telephone booth tawagan ng teleponon telescope teleskopyo

televisionn 1. receiver for broadcasts telebisyonabbrev 2. TV

v tell magsabi/sabihinn temper hinahon/damdaminn temperature temperaturan temple temploadj temporary pansamantalan tennis tennisn tent tolda

termn 1. a period of time panahonn 2. a naming word katawaganadj terrible kakila-kilabotadj terrific nakasisindak

70

test – tie

testn 1. examination pagsusuriv 2. check tingnann text teksto/pagkaletra

thankv 1. express appreciation pasasalamatphrase 2. give thanks magpasalamatint 3. thank you (polite expression maraming salamat

of gratitude)

thatpron 1. indicator of person or thing iyonconj 2. used as subject of relative na

clause

det the angn theatre teatro/sinehanpron their kanilapron them nilaadv then noonadv there doonconj therefore kung kaya/samakatuwidn thermometer termometropron they silaadj thick makapaln thief magnanakawadj thin mapayatv think mag-isipn thong (footwear) sinelas/ismagel

thoughtn 1. idea naisipaanpt v 2. *see think

threadn 1. cotton sinulidv 2. put through eye of needle isuot sa butas ng karayom pt v threw *see throwprep through (from one side to sa kabila

another)

v throw ihagisn thumb dalirin thunder kulogn thunderstorm bagyong may kidlat at pagkulogadv thus kaya ngav tick (indicate correctness) kudlit/tsekn ticket tiketn tide paglaki o pagliit ng tubig sa dagatadj tidy malinis

tien 1. clothing kurbatav 2. fasten italin 3. equal place patas/pantay

71

tight – town

adj tight mahigpitv tilt tikwas/itagilid

timen 1. measurement of duration panahonphrase 2. in time (not late) tama sa orasphrase 3. on time (at the appointed time) nasa orasphrase 4. at times may oras naphrase 5. a good time magpakasayaphrase 6. take your time (don't rush) magdahan-dahan lamangphrase 7. What's the time? ano’ng oras naphrase 8. two times four (mathematical) dalawa imultiplika ng apatn timetable talatakdaan ng oras/tala-orasan

tipn 1. hint himaton/tipn 2. rubbish dump tambakanv 3. tilt itiwarik/itagilidn 4. pointed extremity tulisphr v 5. tip over (spill) pagtagilidn tissue tisyun title tituloprep to san today ngayong arawn toe daliriadv together magkasaman toilet kubeta/palikuranpt v told *see telln tomato kamatisn tomorrow bukasn tongue dilapt v took *see taken tool kasangkapann tooth ngipinn toothache masakit ang ngipin

topn 1. highest point pinakatuktokn 2. clothing pang-itaasn topic paksapt v tore *see tear

totaln 1. complete amount kabuuanv 2. add up sumahinv touch hipuinn tour paglilibotv tow hilahinprep towards papunta san towel tuwalyan tower toren town bayan

72

toy – turn

n toy laruanv trace taluntunin/sundann track (pathway) daanann tracksuit kasuotang pang-ehersisiyon tractor traktora

traden 1. exchange of commodities bentahanv 2. carry on trade pagtitindan traffic trapiko

trainn 1. means of transport trenv 2. practise magsasanay

trapn 1. device for catching things patibongv 2. catch pagkahulin trapezium trapisiyumv travel maglakbayv tread maglakadv treat (as a disease) maggamot/maglunasn tree punongkahoyv tremble manginign triangle tatsulokphrase triangular prism tatsulok na prisman tribe tribov trick paglansi/nilokov trim putulan ng kaunti

tripn 1. journey paglalakbayv 2. fall over mapadapaadj tropical tropikal

troublen 1. problem problemav 2. cause worry magka-problema/mag-alalaphr 3. in trouble with may problema san trousers pantalonn truck trakadj true totoon trunk (as of elephant) nguso

tryn 1. attempt pagtatangkaphrase 2. try hard magsikap ng mabutiphr v 3. try on (as for clothing) isukatphr v 4. try out for (audition for) sumali sa pagsubokn T-shirt tisertn tub batyan tube tubo

turnv 1. move around pumihit/paikutin

73

twice – urge

n 2. action following someone paghalilielse's

phr v 3. turn into (become) magingphr v 4. turn off (switch off) isaraphr v 5. turn on buksanphr v 6. turn up (arrive) dumatingadv twice doble/dalawang ulitv twist magpilipit

typen 1. kind uriv 2. use a machine to write mag-tipan tyre gulong

U adj ugly pangitn umbrella payongn uncle tiyoadj unconscious walang malayprep under sa ilalimv undergo magpasailalimadj underground sa ilalim ng lupav underline guhitan sa babaadv underneath sa ilalimn underpants pang-ilalimv understand maintindihanpt v understood *see understandn underwear kasuotang pag-ilalimv undo kalasin/alisinadj unemployed walang trabahon uniform unipormen union unyon

unitn 1. type of housing bahay na yunit/apartmentn 2. measurement sukatv unite magkaisan universe sanlibutann university unibersidad/pamantasanprep until hanggang saadj unusual kakaibaprep up (to a higher place) sa itaasprep upon (up and on) sa ibabaw ngadj upper itaasadj upright patayoadj upset itaobadj upside-down nakataobadv upstairs sa itaasv urge sulsulan/hinikayat

74

urgent – wall

adj urgent kaagad-agadpron us kami

usen 1. the act of using paggamitv 2. employ gamitinadj used (not new) luma/gamit na

V n vaccination bakunaadj vain walang kabuluhann valley lambakadj valuable mahalaga

valuen 1. worth kahalagahanv 2. to hold in high esteem pahalagahann van (truck) trakn variety sari-sari/ibat-ibav vary ibahinadj various magkakaiban vegetable gulayn vegetable garden hardin ng gulayn vegetarian gulay ang kainn vehicle behikulo/sasakyann verandah berandan verb pandiwaadv very napaka/lubos naabbrev vet *see veterinariann veterinarian beterinaryon video (recording) bidyon view panoorinn village nayonadj violent marahas/mabangisn violin biyolinv visit bumisitan visitor bisitan voice bosesn volleyball (game) larong baliboln volume damiv vote boton vowel patinign voyage biyahe

W n wage suweldov wait maghintayv wake gumisingv walk lumakadn walkway daanann wall pader

75

wallaby – Web

n wallaby walabi/maliit na kanggaron wallet pitakav wander gumalav want guston war labanan/giyeran waratah waratan wardrobe aparador ng damitadj warm (opposite cool) mainitadj warm-blooded dugong-buhayv warn pagbalaann warning babalapt v was *see be

washv 1. clean with water hugasanphr v 2. wash up (of dishes) maghugasn washing machine (clothes) makinang tagalaba

wastev 1. employ uselessly mag-aksayan 2. rejected products produktong tapon na

watchn 1. timepiece relosv 2. look at tingnan/bantayanphr v 3. watch out (be careful) mag-ingat sa

watern 1. liquid tubigv 2. moisten basainn watermelon pakwann wattle tree punong watel

waven 1. swell of water alonv 2. make a hand signal kumampayadj wavy maaalonn wax pagkit

wayn 1. road daraananphrase 2. a long way malayophrase 3. a good way mabuting paraanphrase 4. give way magbigay daanpron we tayoadj weak mahinan wealth yamanadj wealthy mayamann weapon armas

wearv 1. erode pagka-ubosv 2. put on (as for clothing) magsuotn web (as for spider) sapot abbrev Web *see World Wide Web

76

wedding – width

n wedding kasalann week linggov weigh timbanginn weight timbang

welcomen 1. a kind greeting maligayang batiint 2. You're welcome! (polite walang anuman

response to thank you)

welln 1. hole in earth balonadj 2. in good health mabuting kalusuganadv 3. in a satisfactory manner maayosint 4. Well! (expresses relief, pause) kung gayonint 5. Well done! magalingpt v went *see gopt v were *see ben west kanluran

wetv 1. moisten basainadj 2. opposite dry pagkabasapron what (interrogative) anon wheel gulongpron when (interrogative) kailanconj whenever tuwinapron where (interrogative) saan

which pron 1. what one of a number alin

(interrogative)

pron 2. relative (refers to something tungkol sapreviously mentioned)

conj while habangn whip pamalov whisper bulong

whistlev 1. make a musical sound sumipoln 2. equipment used to make pansipol/sultip

a sound

adj white maputin whiteboard pisarang-puti

whopron 1. interrogative sinopron 2. relative pronoun sinu-sinoadj whole buoadv why bakitadj wicked buhongadj wide malawakn widow biyudan widower biyudon width lapad

77

wild – write

adj wild mailapwill

v 1. auxiliary used in future tense tiyak nan 2. declaration of wishes on testamento

one's death

n 3. choice of one's actions ginustov win magtamo

windn 1. movement of air hanginv 2. turn in a circular way ipulupotcolloq phr 3. wind up (finish) pagtataposphr v 4. wind up (as a clock) susiann windmill molinong pinaiikot ng hanginn window bintanan window sill pasamanoadj windy mahanginn wing pakpakn winter tag-lamigv wipe punasann wire alambreadj wise matalinon wish maghangadprep with sa/kasama ngv withdraw (as for money) maglabasn witness testigopt v woke *see waken woman babaen wombat wombatpt v won *see winv wonder pagtatakan wood kahoyn woodwork trabaho sa kahoyn wool lanan word salitapt v wore *see wear

workn 1. labour trabahov 2. carry out labour magtrabahov 3. be operational umaandar phr v 4. work out (solve) lutasinn world daigdign World Wide Web pandaigdigang webv worry mag-alalaadv worse sumaman worth kahalagahanv wrap magbalotv wring magpigan wrist galanggalanganv write sumulat

78

wrong – zucchini

adj wrong (incorrect) malipt v wrote *see writeabbrev www *see World Wide Web

Xn x-ray eksrey

Yn yacht yaten yard yardav yawn humikabn year taonadj yellow dilawint yes oon yesterday kahaponpron you ikawadj young batapron your (possessive) inyo

Zn zone sonan zoo soon zucchini sukini

79

Appendix 1

Numerals and Ordinals

Symbol Numeral Ordinal

1 one first

2 two second

3 three third

4 four fourth

5 five fifth

6 six sixth

7 seven seventh

8 eight eighth

9 nine ninth

10 ten tenth

11 eleven eleventh

12 twelve twelfth

13 thirteen thirteenth

14 fourteen fourteenth

15 fifteen fifteenth

16 sixteen sixteenth

17 seventeen seventeenth

18 eighteen eighteenth

19 nineteen nineteenth

20 twenty twentieth

30 thirty thirtieth

40 forty fortieth

50 fifty fiftieth

60 sixty sixtieth

70 seventy seventieth

80 eighty eightieth

90 ninety ninetieth

100 one hundred one hundredth

1000 one thousand one thousandth

10000 ten thousand ten thousandth

100000 one hundred thousand one hundred thousandth

1000000 one million one millionth

80

Appendix 2

Common Countries/States and their Adjectival Forms

Country/State Adjectival Form Country/State Adjectival Form

Afghanistan Afghani Japan Japanese

Argentina Argentinian Korea Korean

Bangladesh Bangladeshi Kosovo Kosovar

Bolivia Bolivian Kurdistan Kurdish

Brazil Brazilian Laos Laotian

Bulgaria Bulgarian Lebanon Lebanese

Cambodia Cambodian Macedonia Macedonian

Chile Chilean Malaysia Malaysian

China Chinese Nigeria Nigerian

Colombia Colombian Pakistan Pakistani

Cook Islands Cook Islanders Peru Peruvian

Croatia Croatian Philippines Filipino

East Timor East Timorese Poland Polish

Ecuador Ecuadorian Portugal Portuguese

Egypt Egyptian Russia Russian

El Salvador El Salvadorian Samoa Samoan

Eritrea Eritrean Serbia Serbian

Ethiopia Ethiopian Somalia Somalian

Fiji Fijian Sudan Sudanese

Ghana Ghanian Syria Syrian

Greece Greek Taiwan Taiwanese

Hungary Hungarian Thailand Thai

India Indian Tonga Tongan

Indonesia Indonesian Turkey Turkish

Iran Iranian Ukraine Ukrainian

Iraq Iraqi Uruguay Uruguayan

Israel Israeli Venezuela Venezuelan

Italy Italian Vietnam Vietnamese

81

Appendix 3

Common Irregular Verbs

Base Form Past Tense Past participle

awake awoke awokenbe was, were beenbeat beat beaten

become became become

begin began begun

bend bent bent

bet bet betbid bid bidbite bit bittenblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbring brought broughtbuild built builtburn burned/burnt burned/burntbuy bought bought

catch caught caught

choose chose chosen

come came comecost cost costcut cut cutdig dug dug

do did done

draw drew drawn

dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt

drive drove drivendrink drank drunkeat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeel felt felt

fight fought fought

find found foundfly flew flownforget forgot forgottenforgive forgave forgivenfreeze froze frozenget got gottengive gave givengo went gone

grow grew grown

hang hung hung

have had had

hear heard heard

hide hid hiddenhit hit hithold held held

82

Common Irregular Verbs (continued)

Base Form Past Tense Past participle

hurt hurt hurtkeep kept keptknow knew known

lay laid laid

lead led ledlearn learned/learnt learned/learntleave left leftlend lent lentlet let letlie lay lainlose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantmeet met metpay paid paidput put put

read read read

ride rode ridden

ring rang rung

rise rose risenrun ran runsay said saidsee saw seensell sold sold

send sent sent

show showed showed/shown

shut shut shut

sing sang sung

sit sat satsleep slept sleptspeak spoke spokenspend spent spentstand stood stoodswim swam swumtake took taken

teach taught taught

tear tore torn

tell told told think thought thoughtthrow threw thrownunderstand understood understood

wake woke wokenwear wore wornwin won wonwrite wrote written

83

Analog time 24 hour time

12.00am 12 o'clock; midnight 00:00 zero zero hundred hours

1.00am 1 o'clock 01:00 zero one hundred hours

2.00am 2 o'clock 02:00 zero two hundred hours

3.00am 3 o'clock 03:00 zero three hundred hours

4.00am 4 o'clock 04:00 zero four hundred hours

5.00am 5 o'clock 05:00 zero five hundred hours

6.00am 6 o'clock 06:00 zero six hundred hours

7.00am 7 o'clock 07:00 zero seven hundred hours

8.00am 8 o'clock 08:00 zero eight hundred hours

9.00am 9 o'clock 09:00 zero nine hundred hours

10.00am 10 o'clock 10:00 ten hundred hours

11.00am 11 o'clock 11:00 eleven hundred hours

12.00pm 12 o'clock; midday; noon 12:00 twelve hundred hours

1.00pm 1 o'clock 13:00 thirteen hundred hours

2.00pm 2 o'clock 14:00 fourteen hundred hours

3.00pm 3 o'clock 15:00 fifteen hundred hours

4.00pm 4 o'clock 16:00 sixteen hundred hours

5.00pm 5 o'clock 17:00 seventeen hundred hours

6.00pm 6 o'clock 18:00 eighteen hundred hours

7.00pm 7 o'clock 19:00 nineteen hundred hours

8.00pm 8 o'clock 20:00 twenty hundred hours

9.00pm 9 o'clock 21:00 twenty one hundred hours

10.00pm 10 o'clock 22:00 twenty two hundred hours

11.00pm 11 o'clock 23:00 twenty three hundred hours

Appendix 4

Times

half past three3.30am or 3.30pm

zero two forty five zero three hundred hours zero three fifteen zero three thirty

84

Examples of quarter and half hours (24 hour time)

quarter to three2.45am or 2.45pm

three o'clock3.00am or 3.00pm

quarter past three3.15am or 3.15pm

Examples of quarter and half hours (analog)

Bibliography

Australian Learners Dictionary, 1997, National Centre for English Language Teachingand Research, Macquarie University, NSW.

Horton, D. (ed.) 1994, The Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia: Aboriginal TorresStrait Islander History, Society and Culture, vols 1-2, Aboriginal Studies Press,Canberra.

The Macquarie Dictionary, 1997, 3rd edn, Macquarie University, NSW.

My First Macquarie Dictionary, 1987, Jacaranda Press, Sydney.

NSW Department of School Education. 1994, New Arrivals Dictionaries, 16 vols, Disadvantaged Schools Program, Erskineville.

Oxford Elementary Learner's Dictionary, 1994, 2nd edn, Oxford University Press,Oxford.

Weight (mass) Length Volume

1000 milligrams = 1 gram 1000 millimetres = 1 metre 1000 millilitres = 1 litre

1000 grams = 1 kilogram 100 centimetres = 1 metre 1000 litres = 1 cubic metre

1000 kilograms = 1 metric tonne 1000 metres = 1 kilometre

Appendix 6

Weights and measures

Days

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

Months

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Units of time

60 seconds = 1 minute

60 minutes = 1 hour

24 hours = 1 day

7 days = 1 week

4 weeks = 1 month

12 months = 1 year

4 years = 1 leap year

10 years = 1 decade

100 years = 1 century

1000 years = 1 millenium

85

Appendix 5

Days of the week/Months of the year/Units of time