AJR English/Russian BKS ¿Ì„ÎËÈÒÍËÈ//–ÛÒÒÍËÈ CLT DMU ENV ...

Bilingual Dictionaryfor ESL Beginners

ƒ‚ÛˇÁ˚˜Ì˚È ÒÎÓ‚‡¸ ‰Îˇ Ì‡˜ËÌ‡˛˘Ëı, ‰ÎˇÍÓÚÓ˚ı ‡Ì„ÎËÈÒÍËÈ ˇÁ˚Í ˇ‚ÎˇÂÚÒˇ ‚ÚÓ˚Ï

English/Russian

¿Ì„ÎËÈÒÍËÈ//–ÛÒÒÍËÈ

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B

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The work on this production was supported by a large number ofESL teachers who assisted in the choice of lexicon.

© 2001 New South Wales Department of Education and TrainingStudent Services and Equity Programs, Multicultural Programs Unit,Level 14, 1 Oxford Street Darlinghurst NSW 2010

Phone 9244 5764 or 9244 5324

RESTRICTED WAIVER OF COPYRIGHT

The printed material in this publication is subject to a restricted waiverof copyright to allow the purchaser to make photocopies of thematerial contained in the publication for use within schools orinstitutes subject to the conditions below.

1. All copies of the printed material shall be made withoutalteration or abridgement and must retain acknowledgement ofthe copyright.

2. The school or college shall not sell, hire or otherwise deriverevenue from copies of the material, nor distribute copies of thematerial for any other purpose.

3. The restricted waiver of copyright is not transferable and may bewithdrawn in the case of the breach of any of these conditions.

ISBN No: 0 7310 77539

Contents

Introduction i

How to use the dictionary ii

Dictionary 1

Appendices

1. Numerals and ordinals 80

2. Common countries/states and their adjectival forms 81

3. Common irregular verbs 82

4. Times 84

5. Days of the week/months of the year/units of time 85

6. Weights and measures 85

Bibliography 85

Introduction

The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners has been developedfor use by students in the early stages of learning English as asecond language.

The list of words contained in this dictionary includes the mostcommon words that students use in everyday communicationand in the classroom. This list provides a scaffold for furtherlanguage acquisition.

The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners takes intoconsideration the Australian culture and way of life includingfrequently encountered colloquial words and phrases. It isexpected that students will use this publication as a referencepoint for the first 12 to 18 months of English languageacquisition.

A companion volume titled Thematic Picture Dictionary for ESLBeginners may be used in conjunction with this volume. Itcontains over 400 illustrated words, all of which can be foundwith their translations in this volume.

The two dictionaries are designed for individual student use atschool and at home to support English language acquisition.

The skills of many ESL teachers were utilised in the choice oflexicon for this dictionary. Their enthusiastic participation hashelped to produce a valuable teaching and learning resourcesuited to the needs of beginner ESL students.

i

How to use this dictionary

Notes for the teacher

The information in this dictionary is presented simply showing part of speech, headword in bold,definition if required and phrases for words which need to be read in context for clarity of meaning.You will find explanations regarding the organisation of the dictionary below.

Page Header

The page header is found at the top left of each page in bold for easy identification of the pagecontents. It shows the first and last English entry on the page.

Example from page 1:

a - afterwards indicates that the first entry on this page is a and the last entry is afterwards.

The Headword

The headword is the word being defined in an entry. It appears in large bold type and isalphabetically ordered. Definitions of the headword appear under the headword (if applicable) andare numbered. Phrases, colloquial phrases, phrasal verbs and interjections containing theheadword are translated in full and appear under the definitions.


Headword Translationpart of backspeechn Definition 1. body part only the word back is translated as a noun with

the meaning body partadv Definition 2. opposite front only the word back is translated as an adverb

with the meaning opposite frontphrase 3. give it back the phrase give it back is translated in full


Headword Translationpart of helpspeechn Definition 1. aid only the word help is translated as a noun with

the meaning aidphrase 2. help yourself the phrase help yourself is translated in full with

(serve yourself) the meaning serve yourself colloq 3. I can't help it (I have the colloquial phrase I can't help it is phr no control over it) translated in full with the meaning I have no

control over it

Where there is more than one meaning for an item of lexicon but only one is in common usage themeaning for translation has been included next to the headword in brackets.


Headword Translationn angle (mathematical usage) only the word angle is translated as a noun

with the meaning mathematical usage

Abbreviations

Words commonly found in the lexicon as abbreviations appear in the dictionary as abbrev and arenot translated. They indicate the full spelling of the word where the translation may be found.

ii


Headword Translationabbrev barbie *see barbecue no translation - translation is found at the entry

barbecue

Common present and past tense verb forms

Commonly used irregular present and past tense verb forms have been included in the body of thedictionary as they may not be recognised by the student as a derivative of the base form. Theseare not translated however and indicate the base form where the translation may be found.

Examples from page 2:

Headword Translationprt v am *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry

beprt v are *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry

be

Appendices

Six appendices have been included and may be found at the end of the word list. These are:

1. numerals and ordinals2. common countries/states and their adjectival forms3. common irregular verbs showing the base form, past tense and past participle forms4. times in analog and 24 hour format5. days of the week/months of the year/units of time6. weights and measures.

These appendices have not been translated.

Parts of speech

Parts of speech are abbreviated and found in the left hand column of the English text in thedictionary. Other descriptors such as colloquialism are also abbreviated. A full list of abbreviationsused is shown below.

Abbreviations used in this dictionary

Abbreviation Meaning

abbrev abbreviationadj adjective

adv adverb

colloq colloquialism

colloq phr colloquial phrase

conj conjunction

det determiner

int interjection

n noun

phr v phrasal verb

prep preposition

pron pronoun

prt v present tense verb form

pt v past tense verb form

v verb

iii

a – afterwards

Adet a/an ÌÂÓÔÂ‰ÂÎÂÌÌ˚È ‡ÚËÍÎ¸n ability ÒÔÓÒÓ·ÌÓÒÚ¸

ablev 1. be able to ÒÔÓÒÓ·ÂÌadj 2. talented ÒÔÓÒÓ·Ì˚Èn Aboriginal person ¿·ÓË„ÂÌ

aboutadv 1. approximately ÔË·ÎËÁËÚÂÎ¸ÌÓprep 2. concerning ÓÚÌÓÒËÚÂÎ¸ÌÓ

aboveprep 1. over Ì‡‰phrase 2. the example above ÔËÏÂ ‚˚¯Âadj absent ÓÚÒÛÚÒÚ‚Û˛˘ËÈadv absolutely ‡·ÒÓÎ˛ÚÌÓn accent ‡ÍˆÂÌÚv accept ÔËÌËÏ‡Ú¸adj acceptable ÔËÂÏÎÂÏ˚Èn accident ÌÂÒ˜‡ÒÚÌ˚È ÒÎÛ˜‡Èadj accidental ÒÎÛ˜‡ÈÌ˚Èv accompany ÒÓÔÓ‚ÓÊ‰‡Ú¸n account Ò˜ÂÚv ache ·ÓÎÂÚ¸v achieve ‰ÓÒÚË„‡Ú¸n achievement ‰ÓÒÚËÊÂÌËÂprep across ÔÓÔÂÂÍv act ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ó‚‡Ú¸n activity ‰ÂˇÚÂÎ¸ÌÓÒÚ¸n actor ‡ÍÚÂv add ‰Ó·‡‚ÎˇÚ¸n addition ‰ÓÔÓÎÌÂÌËÂn address ‡‰ÂÒn adjective ÔËÎ‡„‡ÚÂÎ¸ÌÓÂ

admitv 1. tell the truth about ÔËÁÌ‡‚‡Ú¸v 2. allow to enter ‚ÔÛÒÍ‡Ú¸v adopt (take on) ÔËÌËÏ‡Ú¸n adult ‚ÁÓÒÎ˚Èn advantage ÔÂËÏÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚Ón adventure ÔËÍÎ˛˜ÂÌËÂn adverb Ì‡Â˜ËÂn advice ÒÓ‚ÂÚn aerobics ‡˝Ó·ËÍ‡n aeroplane Ò‡ÏÓÎÂÚv afford ÔÓÁ‚ÓÎˇÚ¸ ÒÂ·Âadj afraid ·ÓˇÁÎË‚˚Èprep after ÔÓÒÎÂn afternoon ‚ÂÏˇ ÔÓÒÎÂ ÔÓÎÛ‰Ìˇadv afterwards ‚ÔÓÒÎÂ‰ÒÚ‚ËË

1

again – argue

adv again (one more time) ÒÌÓ‚‡against

prep 1. next to ˇ‰ÓÏprep 2. anti ÔÓÚË‚ n age ‚ÓÁ‡ÒÚadv ago Ì‡Á‡‰v agree ÒÓ„Î‡¯‡Ú¸Òˇ

aidn 1. help ÔÓÏÓ˘¸v 2. help ÔÓÏÓ˜¸v aim (try) Ô˚Ú‡Ú¸Òˇn air ‚ÓÁ‰Ûın airport ‡˝ÓÔÓÚadj all (every) ‚ÒˇÍËÈv allow ÔÓÁ‚ÓÎˇÚ¸adv alone Ó‰ËÌadv aloud „ÓÏÍÓn alphabet ‡ÎÙ‡‚ËÚadv already ÛÊÂadv also (too) Ú‡ÍÊÂconj although ıÓÚˇadv altogether ‚ ˆÂÎÓÏadv always ‚ÒÂ„‰‡prt v am *see be n ambulance ÒÍÓ‡ˇ ÔÓÏÓ˘¸ n amount ÍÓÎË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ón amphibian ÁÂÏÌÓ‚Ó‰Ì˚Èv analyse (study) ‡Ì‡ÎËÁËÓ‚‡Ú¸conj and Ën angle (mathematical usage) Û„ÓÎadj angry ÒÂ‰ËÚ˚Èn animal ÊË‚ÓÚÌÓÂn ankle ÎÓ‰˚ÊÍ‡adj annual ÂÊÂ„Ó‰Ì˚È

answern 1. reply ÓÚ‚ÂÚv 2. reply ÓÚ‚ÂÚËÚ¸adj any Î˛·ÓÈadv anymore ·ÓÎ¸¯Âpron anyone Î˛·ÓÈpron anything ˜ÚÓ - ÌË·Û‰¸adv apart (separate) Ó·ÓÒÓ·ÎÂÌÌÓn apology ËÁ‚ËÌÂÌËÂv appear (come into view) ÔÓˇ‚ÎˇÚ¸Òˇn apple ˇ·ÎÓÍÓn appointment Ì‡ÁÌ‡˜ÂÌËÂprt v are *see be n area ÔÎÓ˘‡‰¸v argue ÒÔÓËÚ¸

2

argument – autumn

n argument ‰Ó‚Ó‰; ÒÔÓv arise ‚ÓÁÌËÍ‡Ú¸n arm (part of body) ÛÍ‡n army ‡ÏËˇprep around ‚ÓÍÛ„

arrangev 1. put in order ‡ÁÏÂ˘‡Ú¸v 2. make plans ÛÒÚ‡Ë‚‡Ú¸v arrest (take into custody) ‡ÂÒÚÓ‚˚‚‡Ú¸v arrive ÔË·˚‚‡Ú¸n arrow ÒÚÂÎ‡n art ËÒÍÛÒÒÚ‚Ón artist ıÛ‰ÓÊÌËÍadv as (to such a degree) Í‡Ín ash ÁÓÎ‡adj ashamed ÒÚ˚‰ÎË‚˚Èv ask ÒÔ‡¯Ë‚‡Ú¸v assemble ÒÓ·Ë‡Ú¸Òˇn assembly ÒÓ·‡ÌËÂn assignment (for school) Á‡‰‡ÌËÂv assist ÔÓÏÓ˜¸n assistant ÔÓÏÓ˘ÌËÍprep at ‚pt v ate *see eat n athletics ÒÔÓÚphrase athletics carnival ÒÔÓÚË‚Ì˚È Ô‡Á‰ÌËÍn atom ‡ÚÓÏv attach ÔËÒÓÂ‰ËÌˇÚ¸

attackn 1. fight Ì‡Ô‡‰ÂÌËÂv 2. fight Ì‡Ô‡‰‡Ú¸

attemptn 1. try ÔÓÔ˚ÚÍ‡v 2. try Ô˚Ú‡Ú¸Òˇv attend ÔËÒÛÚÒÚ‚Ó‚‡Ú¸n attendance ÔËÒÛÚÒÚ‚ËÂn attention ‚ÌËÏ‡ÌËÂv attract ÔË‚ÎÂÍ‡Ú¸adj attractive ÔË‚ÎÂÍ‡ÚÂÎ¸Ì˚Èn aunt ÚÂÚˇabbrev Aussie *see Australiann Australia ¿‚ÒÚ‡ÎËˇadj Australian ¿‚ÒÚ‡ÎËÂˆn Australian flag ¿‚ÒÚ‡ÎËÈÒÍËÈ ÙÎ‡„n Australiana ¿‚ÒÚ‡ÎË‡Ì‡n author ‡‚ÚÓn autumn ÓÒÂÌ¸

3

average – basketball

averagen 1. arithmetical mean ÒÂ‰ÌÂÂ ˜ËÒÎÓ (‚ÂÎË˜ËÌ‡)adj 2. ordinary Ó·˚˜Ì˚Èv avoid ËÁ·Â„‡Ú¸adj awake ·Ó‰ÒÚ‚Û˛˘ËÈadv away ‰‡ÎÂÍÓprep away from ‰‡ÎÂÍÓ ÓÚadj awful ÛÊ‡ÒÌ˚Èpt v awoke *see awaken axe ÚÓÔÓ

B n baby ÏÎ‡‰ÂÌÂˆ

backn 1. body part Á‡‰ adv 2. opposite front Ì‡Á‡‰phrase 3. give it back ÓÚ‰‡‚‡Ú¸ Ì‡Á‡‰n backbone ıÂ·ÂÚ, ÔÓÁ‚ÓÌÓ˜ÌËÍn background ÙÓÌn backpack ˛ÍÁ‡Ín backyard ‰‚Óadj bad ÔÎÓıÓÈn badminton ·‡‰ÏËÌÚÓÌn bag ÏÂ¯ÓÍv bake ÔÂ˜¸v balance ‡‚ÌÓ‚ÂÒËÂn balcony ·‡ÎÍÓÌadj bald Î˚Ò˚È

balln 1. toy ¯‡colloq phr 2. have a ball (good time) ıÓÓ¯Ó ÔÓ‚Ó‰ËÚ¸ ‚ÂÏˇn balloon ‚ÓÁ‰Û¯Ì˚È ¯‡n banana ·‡Ì‡Ìn band (music group) ÓÍÂÒÚn bangle ·‡ÒÎÂÚn bank ·‡ÌÍ

barn 1. place to drink ·‡ v 2. stop from something ËÒÍÎ˛˜‡Ú¸n 3. metal rod Á‡ÒÓ‚n barbecue ·‡·ÂÍ˛ abbrev barbie *see barbecueadj bare ÔÛÒÚÓÈn barrier ·‡¸Ân base (bottom) ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËÂn basin (wash) ‡ÍÓ‚ËÌ‡n basket ÍÓÁËÌ‡n basketball ·‡ÒÍÂÚ·ÓÎ

4

basketball court – bid

n basketball court ·‡ÒÍÂÚ·ÓÎ¸Ì˚È ÍÓÚbat

n 1. sporting equipment Î‡ÔÚ‡n 2. animal ÎÂÚÛ˜‡ˇ Ï˚¯¸n bath ‚‡ÌÌ‡n bathroom ‚‡ÌÌ‡ˇn battle Ò‡ÊÂÌËÂn bay (inlet) Á‡ÎË‚abbrev BBQ *see barbecuev be ·˚Ú¸n beach ÔÎˇÊn beach towel ÔÎˇÊÌÓÂ ÔÓÎÓÚÂÌˆÂn beach umbrella ÔÎˇÊÌ˚È ÁÓÌÚn beak ÍÎ˛‚

beam n 1. ray of light ÎÛñ 2. wooden plank Ò‚‡ˇn bean ·Ó·n beard ·ÓÓ‰‡

beatv 1. win ÔÓ·ÂÊ‰‡Ú¸v 2. hit ·ËÚ¸n 3. rhythm Ú‡ÍÚadj beautiful Í‡ÒË‚˚Èpt v became *see becomeconj because ÔÓÚÓÏÛ ˜ÚÓv become ÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ËÚ¸Òˇn bed ÍÓ‚‡Ú¸n bedroom ÒÔ‡Î¸Ìˇn bee Ô˜ÂÎ‡n beef „Ó‚ˇ‰ËÌ‡pt v began *see beginv begin Ì‡˜ËÌ‡Ú¸n beginner ÌÓ‚Ë˜ÓÍv behave ‚ÂÒÚË ÒÂ·ˇn behaviour ÔÓ‚Â‰ÂÌËÂprep behind ÔÓÁ‡‰Ën bell Á‚ÓÌÓÍv belong ÔËÌ‡‰ÎÂÊ‡Ú¸n belt ÔÓˇÒn bench ‚ÂÒÚ‡Ív bend „ÌÛÚ¸pt v bent *see bendadj best ÎÛ˜¯ËÈv bet ‰ÂÊ‡Ú¸ Ô‡Ëadj better ÎÛ˜¯Âprep between ÏÂÊ‰Ûn bicycle ‚ÂÎÓÒËÔÂ‰v bid ÔÂ‰Î‡„‡Ú¸ ˆÂÌÛ

5

big – boat

adj big ·ÓÎ¸¯ÓÈabbrev bike *see bicycle

billn 1. money ÍÛÔ˛‡n 2. account Ò˜ÂÚn 3. of a bird ÍÎ˛‚n bird ÔÚËˆ‡

birthn 1. act of being born ÓÊ‰ÂÌËÂphrase 2. date of birth ‰‡Ú‡ ÓÊ‰ÂÌËˇn birthday ‰ÂÌ¸ ÓÊ‰ÂÌËˇn biscuit ·ËÒÍ‚ËÚ

bitn 1. small piece ÍÛÒÓÍphrase 2. a little bit ÌÂÏÌÓ„Ópt v 3. *see bite

v bite ÍÛÒ‡Ú¸adj black (colour) ˜ÂÌ˚Èn blackboard ‰ÓÒÍ‡n blade ÎÂÁ‚ËÂ

blamen 1. censure ÔÓËˆ‡ÌËÂv 2. lay responsibility with ‚ËÌËÚ¸adj blank ÔÛÒÚÓÈn blanket Ó‰ÂˇÎÓv bleed ÍÓ‚ÓÚÓ˜ËÚ¸pt v blew *see blow

blindadj 1. unable to see ÒÎÂÔÓÈn 2. window covering ¯ÚÓ‡n blindness ÒÎÂÔÓÚ‡

blockn 1. child’s toy ÍÛ·ËÍv 2. stop from doing something ·ÎÓÍËÓ‚‡Ú¸; ÓÒÚ‡Ì‡‚ÎË‚‡Ú¸phrase 3. a block away ˜ÂÂÁ Í‚‡Ú‡Îphrase 4. block of flats ÏÌÓ„ÓÍ‚‡ÚËÌ˚È ÍÓÔÛÒadj blond ·ÂÎÓÍÛ˚Èn blood ÍÓ‚¸adj bloody ÓÍÓ‚‡‚ÎÂÌÌ˚È

blown 1. hit Û‰‡v 2. pertaining to wind ‰ÛÚ¸phr v 3. blow up Û‚ÂÎË˜Ë‚‡Ú¸; Ì‡‰Û‚‡Ú¸

blueadj 1. colour ÒËÌËÈcolloq 2. sad „ÛÒÚÌ˚Èn board (stiff material) ‰ÓÒÍ‡n board game Ì‡ÒÚÓÎ¸Ì‡ˇ Ë„‡n boat ÎÓ‰Í‡

6

body – break

n body ÚÂÎÓv boil ÍËÔˇÚËÚ¸

boldadj 1. as typeface ÊËÌ˚Èadj 2. daring ÒÏÂÎ˚Èn bomb ·ÓÏ·‡n bone ÍÓÒÚ¸n book ÍÌË„‡n bookshelf ÍÌËÊÌ‡ˇ ÔÓÎÍ‡n boomerang ·ÛÏÂ‡Ì„

bootn 1. of car ÍÛÁÓ‚n 2. footwear ·ÓÚËÌÓÍ

bordern 1. as of country, state „‡ÌËˆ‡n 2. edge ÍÓÏÍ‡adj bored ÒÍÛ˜‡˛˘ËÈadj boring ÒÍÛ˜Ì˚Èv borrow Á‡ËÏÒÚ‚Ó‚‡Ú¸

bossn 1. person in charge Ì‡˜‡Î¸ÌËÍ, ·ÓÒÒv 2. tell what to do ÔÓÌÛÍ‡Ú¸, ÛÍ‡Á˚‚‡Ú¸adj both Ó·‡v bother ·ÂÒÔÓÍÓËÚ¸n bottle ·ÛÚ˚ÎÍ‡

bottomn 1. body part Á‡‰n 2. lower edge ‰ÌÓpt v bought *see buyv bounce ÓÚÒÍ‡ÍË‚‡Ú¸n bowl ˜‡¯‡n box ˇ˘ËÍn boy Ï‡Î¸˜ËÍabbrev bra *see brassieren brain ÏÓÁ„

branchn 1. of tree ‚ÂÚ‚¸v 2. separate ÓÚ‰ÂÎˇÚ¸n brassiere ÎËÙ˜ËÍadj brave ı‡·˚Èadv bravely ÒÏÂÎÓn bread ıÎÂ·n breadth ¯ËÓÚ‡

breakn 1. pause ÔÂÂ˚‚v 2. opposite of fix ÎÓÏ‡Ú¸phr v 3. break down (as in car) ÎÓÏ‡Ú¸Òˇphr v 4. break down (as health) Ò˚‚

7

breakfast – bus stop

phr v 5. break in (as housebreak) ‚Î‡‚˚Ï‡Ú¸Òˇphr v 6. break up (for holidays) ÔÂ˚‚‡Ú¸Òˇn breakfast Á‡‚Ú‡Ín breath ‰˚ı‡ÌËÂv breathe ‰˚¯‡Ú¸v breed ÔÓÓ‰‡n brick ÍËÔËñ bridge ÏÓÒÚ

brightadj 1. shiny ˇÍËÈadj 2. clever ÛÏÌ˚Èv brighten ÔÓˇÒÌˇÚ¸adj brilliant „ÂÌË‡Î¸Ì˚Èv bring ÔËÌÓÒËÚ¸adj broad ¯ËÓÍËÈn broccoli ·ÓÍÍÓÎËpt v broke *see breakcolloq broke (penniless) ÌË˘ËÈphrase broken arm ÒÎÓÏ‡ÌÌ‡ˇ ÛÍ‡n brother ·‡Úpt v brought *see bringn brush ÍËÒÚ¸n bucket ÍÓ‚¯v build ÒÚÓËÚ¸pt v built *see buildn bulb (electric light) Î‡ÏÔÓ˜Í‡n bullet ÔÛÎˇ

bullyn 1. person who harasses others Á‡‰Ë‡v 2. harass Á‡‰Ë‡Ú¸

bunchn 1. group ÔÛ˜ÓÍ phrase 2. bunch of flowers ·ÛÍÂÚ ˆ‚ÂÚÓ‚

burnn 1. injury caused by fire ÓÊÂ„v 2. be on fire „ÓÂÚ¸v burst ÎÓÔ‡Ú¸Òˇv bury ıÓÓÌËÚ¸n bus ‡‚ÚÓ·ÛÒ

bushn 1. outback Ï‡ÎÓÌ‡ÒÂÎÂÌÌ˚È, ÌÂÓ·ÊËÚÓÈ ‡ÈÓÌn 2. small tree ÍÛÒÚ‡ÌËÍ

businessn 1. company ÍÓÏÔ‡ÌËˇcolloq phr 2. mind your own business ÌÂ ÎÂÁ Ú̧Â ÌÂ ‚ Ò‚ÓÂ ‰ÂÎÓn bus stop ÓÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚Í‡ ‡‚ÚÓ·ÛÒ‡

8

bust – cardboard

bustcolloq 1. break ‡ÒÍ˚‚‡Ú¸n 2. female body part ·˛ÒÚ adj busy Á‡ÌˇÚ˚Èconj but ÌÓn butcher ÏˇÒÌËÍn button ÍÌÓÔÍ‡v buy ÔÓÍÛÔ‡Ú¸prep by Û, ÔË, ÓÍÓÎÓ

Cn cabbage Í‡ÔÛÒÚ‡n cable ÚÂÎÂ„‡ÏÏ‡n cafe Í‡Ùen cage ÍÎÂÚÍ‡n cake ÔËÓÊÌÓÂv calculate ‚˚˜ËÒÎˇÚ¸n calculator Í‡Î¸ÍÛÎˇÚÓn calendar Í‡ÎÂÌ‰‡¸

callv 1. name Ì‡Á˚‚‡Ú¸n 2. as for phone Á‚ÓÌËÚ¸phr v 3. call for ÚÂ·Ó‚‡Ú¸phr v 4. call off ÓÚÁ˚‚‡Ú¸phr v 5. call out ‚˚Á˚‚‡Ú¸

calmadj 1. peaceful ÒÔÓÍÓÈÌ˚Èphr v 2. calm down ÛÒÔÓÍÓËÚ¸Òˇpt v came *see comen camera ÙÓÚÓ‡ÔÔ‡‡Úv camp ‡ÒÔÓÎ‡„‡Ú¸Òˇ Î‡„ÂÂÏ

canv 1. able to ÏÓ˜¸, ·˚Ú¸ ‚ ÒÓÒÚÓˇÌËËn 2. steel container ·‡ÌÍ‡n candle Ò‚Â˜‡n canteen (tuck shop) ÒÚÓÎÓ‚‡ˇ

capn 1. headwear ÍÂÔÍ‡n 2. top ‚Â¯ËÌ‡

capitaln 1. important location ÒÚÓÎËˆ‡phrase 2. capital letter ÔÓÔËÒÌ‡ˇ ·ÛÍ‚‡n capsicum ÒÚÛ˜ÍÓ‚˚È ÔÂÂˆn capsule Í‡ÔÒÛÎ‡n captain Í‡ÔËÚ‡Ìn car ‡‚ÚÓÏÓ·ËÎ¸n card Í‡Ú‡n cardboard Í‡ÚÓÌ

9

care – chalk

v care Á‡·ÓÚËÚ¸Òˇadj careful ÓÒÚÓÓÊÌ˚Èadv carefully Ú˘‡ÚÂÎ¸ÌÓn carnival Í‡Ì‡‚‡În carrot ÏÓÍÓ‚¸

carryv 1. take ÌÂÒÚËphr v 2. carry on (keep going) ÔÓ‰ÓÎÊ‡Ú¸

casen 1. bag ÒÛÏÍ‡phrase 2. just in case Ì‡ ‚ÒˇÍËÈ ÒÎÛ˜‡Èn cash Ì‡ÎË˜Ì˚Â ‰ÂÌ¸„Ë

cassettephrase 1. audio cassette ‡Û‰ËÓ Í‡ÒÒÂÚ‡phrase 2. video cassette ‚Ë‰ÂÓ Í‡ÒÒÂÚ‡

castn 1. of a play ËÒÔÓÎÌËÚÂÎËv 2. throw ·ÓÒ‡Ú¸n castle Á‡ÏÓÍadj casual ÒÎÛ˜‡ÈÌ˚Èn cat ÍÓÚ

catchphrase 1. catch a train ÒÂÒÚ¸ Ì‡ ÔÓÂÁ‰phrase 2. catch a cold ÔÓÒÚÛ‰ËÚ¸Òˇcolloq phr 3. catch on (understand) Òı‚‡ÚËÚ¸, ÛÎÓ‚ËÚ¸phr v 4. catch up (reach) ‰Ó„Ì‡Ú¸pt v caught *see catch

causen 1. reason ÔË˜ËÌ‡v 2. make happen ‚˚Á˚‚‡Ú¸, ·˚Ú¸ ÔË˜ËÌÓÈn cave ÔÂ˘Â‡abbrev CD *see compact discn ceiling ÔÓÚÓÎÓÍn cell ˇ˜ÂÈÍ‡n cent ˆÂÌÚadj central ˆÂÌÚ‡Î¸Ì˚È

central processing unitn 1. pertaining to computer ˆÂÌÚ‡Î¸Ì˚È ÔÓˆÂÒÒÓ abbrev 2. CPU

n centre ˆÂÌÚn century ÒÚÓÎÂÚËÂn cereal ıÎÂ·Ì˚È ÁÎ‡Ín ceremony ˆÂÂÏÓÌËˇadj certain Û‚ÂÂÌÌ˚Èadv certainly ÍÓÌÂ˜ÌÓn chain (jewellery) ˆÂÔÓ˜Í‡n chair ÒÚÛÎn chalk ÏÂÎ

10

chance – cigarette

n chance ¯‡ÌÒchange

n 1. money ÏÂÎÓ˜¸v 2. alter ÏÂÌˇÚ¸phrase 3. change one’s mind ËÁÏÂÌˇÚ¸ ÏÌÂÌËÂphrase 4. change clothes ÔÂÂÓ‰Â‚‡Ú¸Òˇadj changeable ËÁÏÂÌ˜Ë‚˚Èn change room ÍÓÏÌ‡Ú‡ ‰Îˇ ÔÂÂÓ‰Â‚‡ÌËˇn channel Í‡Ì‡În chapter „Î‡‚‡n character (literary) ÔÂÒÓÌ‡Ê

chargen 1. cost ˆÂÌ‡v 2. as for battery Á‡ˇÊ‡Ú¸phr v 3. in charge ÍÓÏ‡Ì‰Ó‚‡Ú¸, ÌÂÒÚË ÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓÒÚ¸v chase ÔÂÒÎÂ‰Ó‚‡Ú¸adj cheap ‰Â¯Â‚˚Èv cheat Ó·Ï‡Ì˚‚‡Ú¸v check ÔÓ‚ÂˇÚ¸n cheek (body part) ˘ÂÍ‡colloq cheeky (naughty) ‡Á‚ˇÁÌ˚È

cheer ÔË‚ÂÚÒÚ‚Ó‚‡Ú¸v 1. make happy Ó·Ó‰ˇÚ¸, ÔÓÓ˘ˇÚ¸n 2. sound expressing enthusiasm ÔË‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚Â ‚ÓÁ„Î‡Ò˚n chemist ıËÏËÍn cheque ˜ÂÍn cherry ‚Ë¯Ìˇn chess ¯‡ıÏ‡Ú˚n chest „Û‰¸n chewing gum ÊÂ‚‡ÚÂÎ¸Ì‡ˇ ÂÁËÌÍ‡

chickenn 1. animal ˆ˚ÔÎÂÌÓÍcolloq 2. not brave ÚÛÒn child Â·ÂÌÓÍadj childish Â·ˇ˜ÂÒÍËÈn chin ÔÓ‰·ÓÓ‰ÓÍ

chipsn 1. hot variety Ê‡ÂÌ‡ˇ Í‡ÚÓ¯Í‡n 2. cold crisps ˜ËÔÒ˚n chocolate ¯ÓÍÓÎ‡‰n choir ıÓv choose ‚˚·‡Ú¸

chopn 1. meat cut ÓÚ·Ë‚Ì‡ˇv 2. cut Û·ËÚ¸pt v chose *see choosen church ˆÂÍÓ‚¸n cigarette ÒË„‡ÂÚ‡

11

cinema – coin

n cinema ÍËÌÓn circle ÍÛ„adj circular ÍÛ„Î˚Èn circumference ÓÍÛÊÌÓÒÚ¸n city „ÓÓ‰

claimn 1. assertion ÛÚ‚ÂÊ‰ÂÌËÂv 2. assert ÛÚ‚ÂÊ‰‡Ú¸

clapn 1. loud noise ıÎÓÔÓÍv 2. show appreciation ıÎÓÔ‡Ú¸n class (group of students) ÍÎ‡ÒÒn classmate Ó‰ÌÓÍÎ‡ÒÒÌËÍn classroom ÍÎ‡ÒÒÌ‡ˇ ÍÓÏÌ‡Ú‡phrase classroom block Á‰‡ÌËÂ ‰Îˇ ÍÎ‡ÒÒÌ˚ı Á‡ÌˇÚËÈn claw ÍÓ„ÓÚ¸n clay „ÎËÌ‡

cleanv 1. remove dirt ˜ËÒÚËÚ¸adj 2. opposite dirty ˜ËÒÚ˚Èadj clear ˇÒÌ˚Èadj clever ÛÏÌ˚Èn cliff ÛÚÂÒv climb ÔÓ‰ÌËÏ‡Ú¸Òˇv cling ˆÂÔÎˇÚ¸Òˇ; ÔËÎËÔ‡Ú¸n clock ˜‡Ò˚

closev 1. shut Á‡Í˚ÚÓadj 2. near ÓÍÓÎÓadj closed Á‡Í˚Ú˚Èn cloth ÚÍ‡Ì¸n clothes Ó‰ÂÊ‰‡n clothes line ‚ÂÂ‚Í‡ ‰Îˇ ÒÛ¯ÍË ·ÂÎ¸ˇn clothing Ó‰ÂÊ‰‡n cloud Ó·Î‡ÍÓadj cloudy Ó·Î‡˜Ì˚È

clubn 1. group of people ÍÎÛ·n 2. implement ‰Û·ËÌÍ‡n clue ÍÎ˛ñ coal Û„ÓÎ¸n coast ÔÓ·ÂÂÊ¸Âadj coastal ÔË·ÂÊÌ˚Èn coat Ô‡Î Ú̧Ón cockatoo Í‡Í‡‰Ûn coconut ÍÓÍÓÒÓ‚˚È ÓÂın coffee ÍÓÙÂn coin ÏÓÌÂÚ‡

12

cold – concern

coldn 1. illness ÔÓÒÚÛ‰‡adj 2. opposite hot ıÓÎÓ‰adj cold-blooded ıÎ‡‰ÌÓÍÓ‚Ì˚Èn collar ‚ÓÓÚÌËÍv collect ÒÓ·‡Ú¸n collection Ì‡·Ón college ÍÓÎÎÂ‰Ê

colourn 1. hue ˆ‚ÂÚv 2. make colourful ‡Òˆ‚Â˜Ë‚‡Ú¸adj colourful Í‡ÒÓ˜Ì˚È

combn 1. hair accessory „Â·ÂÌÍ‡v 2. do one’s hair ÔË˜ÂÒ˚‚‡Ú¸

comev 1. move towards ÔÓ‰ıÓ‰ËÚ¸phr v 2. come from ÔË·˚‚‡Ú¸phr v 3. come out (as in sun) ‚˚ıÓ‰ËÚ¸colloq phr 4. Come on! (Let’s go.) œÓ¯ÎË!adj comfortable Û‰Ó·Ì˚Èn comic ‡ÍÚÂ-ÍÓÏËÍn comic strip ÍÓÏËÍÒv command ÔËÍ‡Á˚‚‡Ú¸adj common Ó·˚˜Ì˚Èn commonsense Á‰‡‚˚È ÒÏ˚ÒÎn communication Ò‚ˇÁ¸n community ÒÓÓ·˘ÂÒÚ‚Ón compact disc ÍÓÏÔ‡ÍÚ-‰ËÒÍn company (business) ÍÓÏÔ‡ÌËˇv compare Ò‡‚ÌË‚‡Ú¸n compass ÍÓÏÔ‡Òn compasses (geometry ˆËÍÛÎË

equipment)

v compete ÒÓÂ‚ÌÓ‚‡Ú¸Òˇn competition ÒÓÂ‚ÌÓ‚‡ÌËÂv complain Ê‡ÎÓ‚‡Ú¸Òˇn complaint Ê‡ÎÓ·‡

completev 1. finish Á‡ÍÓÌ˜ËÚ¸adj 2. finished Á‡ÍÓÌ˜ÂÌÌ˚Èv complicate ÛÒÎÓÊÌˇÚ¸adj complicated ÒÎÓÊÌ˚Èn complication ÓÒÎÓÊÌÂÌËÂn composer ÍÓÏÔÓÁËÚÓn composition ÒÓÒÚ‡‚n computer ÍÓÏÔ¸˛ÚÂn concern ·ÂÒÔÓÍÓÈÒÚ‚Ó

13

concerned – couple

adj concerned Ó·ÂÒÔÓÍÓÂÌÌ˚Èn concert ÍÓÌˆÂÚn condition ÛÒÎÓ‚ËÂn cone (geometrical shape) ÍÓÌÛÒv confuse ÔÛÚ‡Ú¸v congratulate ÔÓÁ‰‡‚ÎˇÚ¸v connect ÒÓÂ‰ËÌËÚ¸n connection ÔÓ‰ÍÎ˛˜ÂÌËÂadj conscious ÒÓÁÌ‡ÚÂÎ¸Ì˚Èv consider ‡ÒÒÏ‡ÚË‚‡Ú¸phr v consist of ÒÓÒÚÓˇÚ¸ ËÁn consonant ÒÓ„Î‡ÒÌ‡ˇv contain ÒÓ‰ÂÊ‡Ú¸n container ÒÓÒÛ‰, ÍÓÌÚÂÈÌÂn contents (as of a book) ÒÓ‰ÂÊ‡ÌËÂv continue ÔÓ‰ÓÎÊ‡Ú¸

contrastn 1. difference ‡ÁÎË˜ËÂv 2. find differences Ò‡‚ÌËÚ¸v control ÛÔ‡‚ÎˇÚ¸n conversation ‡Á„Ó‚Ó

convictn 1. person convicted of a crime Á‡ÍÎ˛˜ÂÌÌ˚È v 2. find guilty of a crime ÔËÁÌ‡Ú¸ ‚ËÌÓ‚Ì˚Ïv cook ‚‡ËÚ¸

cooladj 1. opposite warm ÔÓıÎ‡‰Ì˚Ècolloq 2. trendy ÏÓ‰Ì˚È

copyn 1. imitation ÍÓÔËˇv 2. imitate ÔÓ‰‡Ê‡Ú¸n corner Û„ÓÎ

correctv 1. make right ËÒÔ‡‚ËÚ¸adj 2. right Ô‡‚ËÎ¸Ì˚Èn corridor ÍÓË‰Óv cost ÒÚÓËÏÓÒÚ¸n cotton ıÎÓÔÓÍn cotton wool ‚‡Ú‡

coughn 1. the activity or sound of Í‡¯ÂÎ¸

coughing

v 2. expel air from the lungs Í‡¯ÎˇÚ¸n council ÒÓ‚ÂÚn counsellor ÒÓ‚ÂÚÌËÍ

countryn 1. political division ÒÚ‡Ì‡n 2. opposite city ‰ÂÂ‚Ìˇ, ÒÂÎ¸ÒÍ‡ˇ ÏÂÒÚÌÓÒÚ¸n couple Ô‡‡

14

courage – crush

n courage ı‡·ÓÒÚ¸adj courageous ı‡·˚È

coursen 1. set of lessons ÍÛÒn 2. way to go Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËÂphrase 3. of course (naturally) ÍÓÌÂ˜ÌÓn court (as tennis court) ÍÓÚn cousin ÍÛÁÂÌ

covern 1. outside of a book Ó·ÎÓÊÍ‡v 2. put cover on something ÔÓÍ˚‚‡Ú¸n coward ÚÛÒn crab Í‡·v crack ÚÂÒÍ‡Ú¸Òˇ

craftn 1. vessel ÒÛ‰ÌÓn 2. handiwork ÂÏÂÒÎÓ

crashn 1. collision ÒÚÓÎÍÌÓ‚ÂÌËÂv 2. shatter ‡ÁÛ¯‡Ú¸Òˇadj crazy ·ÂÁÛÏÌ˚Èn creature ÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚Ón creek Û˜ÂÈv creep ÔÓÎÁ‡Ú¸n crescent (shape) ÔÓÎÛÏÂÒˇˆ

cricketn 1. insect ÍÛÁÌÂ˜ËÍn 2. sport ÍËÍÂÚ

criminaln 1. person who commits crime ÔÂÒÚÛÔÌËÍadj 2. against the law ÌÂÁ‡ÍÓÌÌ˚Èn crocodile ÍÓÍÓ‰ËÎadj crooked ËÁÓ„ÌÛÚ˚Èn crops ÁÂÌÓ‚˚Â ÍÛÎ Ú̧Û˚

crossn 1. a symbol of two intersecting ÍÂÒÚ

lines

adj 2. angry ÒÂ‰ËÚ˚È v 3. move from one side to another ÔÂÂÈÚË phr v 4. cross out (delete) ‚˚˜ÂÍÌÛÚ¸ n crossword ÍÓÒÒ‚Ó‰n crowd ÚÓÎÔ‡adj crowded ÔÂÂÔÓÎÌÂÌÌ˚Èadj cruel ÊÂÒÚÓÍËÈ

crushv 1. flatten ‡Á‰‡‚ËÚ¸ colloq 2. a liking for someone Û‚ÎÂ˜ÂÌËÂ

15

cry – darkness

cry n 1. loud utterance ÍËÍ v 2. weep ÔÎ‡Í‡Ú¸ n cube ÍÛ·n cucumber Ó„ÛÂˆn cupboard ¯Í‡Ùv cure ‚˚ÎÂ˜Ë‚‡Ú¸adj curious Î˛·ÓÔ˚ÚÌ˚È

curln 1. ringlet of hair Á‡‚ËÚÓÍ v 2. form curls Á‡‚Ë‚‡Ú¸ n currency (money) ‚‡Î˛Ú‡

current adj 1. topical ‡ÍÚÛ‡Î¸Ì˚È n 2. moving water ÔÓÚÓÍ n curtain Á‡Ì‡‚ÂÒn curve ÍË‚‡ˇn custom Ó·˚˜‡Èn customer ÍÎËÂÌÚv cut ÂÁ‡Ú¸adj cute ÒËÏÔ‡ÚË˜Ì˚È

cyclev 1. ride ÂÁ‰ËÚ¸ n 2. circular event ˆËÍÎ n cylinder ˆËÎËÌ‰

D abbrev dad *see fatherabbrev daddy *see fatheradj daily ÂÊÂ‰ÌÂ‚ÌÓ

damagen 1. injury ÔÓ‚ÂÊ‰ÂÌËÂv 2. cause injury ÔÓ‚ÂÊ‰‡Ú¸adj damp ‚Î‡ÊÌ˚Èn damper (type of bread) ÔÂÒÌ‡ˇ ÎÂÔÂ¯Í‡

dancen 1. social gathering for dancing Ú‡ÌÂˆv 2. rhythmical movement Ú‡ÌˆÂ‚‡Ú¸n danger ÓÔ‡ÒÌÓÒÚ¸adj dangerous ÓÔ‡ÒÌ˚Èadj daring ÒÏÂÎ˚È

darkadj 1. opposite light ÚÂÏÌ˚Èadj 2. opposite fair ÚÂÏÌÓ‚ÓÎÓÒ˚Èn darkness ÚÂÏÌÓÚ‡

16

date – dependable

daten 1. calendar ‰‡Ú‡n 2. fruit ÙËÌËÍn daughter ‰Ó˜¸n day ‰ÂÌ¸adj dead ÏÂÚ‚˚Èadj deaf „ÎÛıÓÈ

dealn 1. amount ÌÂÍÓÚÓÓÂ ÍÓÎË˜ÂÒÚ‚Óv 2. give out ‡Á‰‡‚‡Ú¸n death ÒÏÂÚ¸n debt ‰ÓÎ„

decayn 1. decomposition „ÌËÂÌËÂ, ‡ÒÔ‡‰v 2. rot „ÌËÚ¸v deceive Ó·Ï‡Ì˚‚‡Ú¸v decide Â¯‡Ú¸n decimal ‰ÂÒˇÚË˜ÌÓÂ ˜ËÒÎÓn decision Â¯ÂÌËÂn deck (of house) ‚Â‡Ì‰‡v declare Ó·˙ˇ‚ÎˇÚ¸

decreasen 1. diminution ÛÏÂÌ¸¯ÂÌËÂv 2. become smaller in number ÛÏÂÌ¸¯ËÚ¸adj deep „ÎÛ·ÓÍÓ

defeatn 1. loss ÔÓ‡ÊÂÌËÂ, ÔÓÚÂˇv 2. beat ÔÓ·Â‰ËÚ¸v define ÓÔÂ‰ÂÎˇÚ¸

degree n 1. of temperature „‡‰ÛÒn 2. amount ÒÚÂÔÂÌ¸

delayn 1. hold up Á‡‰ÂÊÍ‡v 2. put off till later ÓÚÎÓÊËÚ¸abbrev deli *see delicatessenn delicatessen „‡ÒÚÓÌÓÏË˜ÂÒÍËÈ Ï‡„‡ÁËÌn delight ‚ÓÒıË˘ÂÌËÂadj delightful ‚ÓÒıËÚËÚÂÎ¸Ì˚Èv deliver ÔÓÒÚ‡‚ÎˇÚ¸

demandn 1. urgent requirement Á‡ÔÓÒ, ÚÂ·Ó‚‡ÌËÂv 2. ask for with authority ÚÂ·Ó‚‡Ú¸v demonstrate ‰ÂÏÓÌÒÚËÓ‚‡Ú¸, Û˜‡ÒÚ‚Ó‚‡Ú¸ ‚

‰ÂÏÓÌÒÚ‡ˆËËn demonstration ‰ÂÏÓÌÒÚ‡ˆËˇn dentist ÁÛ·ÌÓÈ ‚‡˜v depend Á‡‚ËÒÂÚ¸adj dependable Ì‡‰ÂÊÌ˚È

17

dependant – discussion

n dependant ËÊ‰Ë‚ÂÌÂˆn depth „ÎÛ·ËÌ‡v descend ÒÔÛÒÍ‡Ú¸Òˇv describe ÓÔËÒ‡Ú¸n description ÓÔËÒ‡ÌËÂ

desertn 1. hot, dry place ÔÛÒÚ˚Ìˇv 2. leave ÔÓÍË‰‡Ú¸v deserve Á‡ÒÎÛÊË‚‡Ú¸

desiren 1. longing ÊÂÎ‡ÌËÂv 2. wish for ÊÂÎ‡Ú¸n desk ÔËÒ¸ÏÂÌÌ˚È ÒÚÓÎv destroy ÛÌË˜ÚÓÊ‡Ú¸n destruction ‡ÁÛ¯ÂÌËÂ

detailn 1. minute part ‰ÂÚ‡Î¸v 2. describe fully ÔÓ‰Ó·ÌÓ ÓÔËÒ˚‚‡Ú¸n detective ‰ÂÚÂÍÚË‚n detention (pertaining to ÓÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ ÔÓÒÎÂ ÛÓÍÓ‚

school)

v dial Ì‡·Ë‡Ú¸n diameter ‰Ë‡ÏÂÚ

diamondn 1. precious stone ‡ÎÏ‡Áadj 2. shape ÓÏ·n diary ‰ÌÂ‚ÌËÍn dictionary ÒÎÓ‚‡¸pt v did *see don didgeridoo ‰Ë‰ÊÂË‰Ûv die ÛÏË‡Ú¸n diet ‰ËÂÚ‡adj different ‡ÁÎË˜Ì˚Èadj difficult ÚÛ‰Ì˚Èv dig ˚Ú¸n dingo ‰ËÌ„Ón dinner Ó·Â‰n dinosaur ‰ËÌÓÁ‡‚n direction Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËÂn dirt „ˇÁ¸adj dirty „ˇÁÌ˚Èv disagree ‚ÓÁ‡Ê‡Ú¸n disagreement ‡ÁÌÓ„Î‡ÒËÂn disc (round, flat object) ‰ËÒÍn disco ‰ËÒÍÓÚÂÍ‡v discover Ó·Ì‡ÛÊË‚‡Ú¸n discovery ÓÚÍ˚ÚËÂv discuss Ó·ÒÛÊ‰‡Ú¸n discussion Ó·ÒÛÊ‰ÂÌËÂ, ‰ËÒÍÛÒÒËˇ

18

disease – drop

n disease ·ÓÎÂÁÌ¸n dish ·Î˛‰Ón dishwasher (appliance) ÔÓÒÛ‰ÓÏÓÂ˜Ì‡ˇ Ï‡¯ËÌ‡n disk (of computers) ‰ËÒÍn disk drive ‰ËÒÍÓ‚Ó‰v dislike ËÒÔ˚Ú˚‚‡Ú¸ ÌÂÔËˇÁÌ¸v dismiss ÓÚÔÛÒÍ‡Ú¸n distance ‡ÒÒÚÓˇÌËÂv disturb Ì‡Û¯‡Ú¸v dive Ì˚ˇÚ¸v divide ‰ÂÎËÚ¸n division Â¯ÂÌËÂv divorce ‡Á‚Ó‰

dov 1. perform ‰ÂÎ‡Ú¸phrase 2. What does she do? ◊ÂÏ ÓÌ‡ Á‡ÌËÏ‡ÂÚÒˇ?

(What’s her job?)

phrase 3. How do you do? (greeting) K‡Í ‰ÂÎ‡? n doctor ‰ÓÍÚÓn document ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚn dog ÒÓ·‡Í‡n dollar ‰ÓÎÎ‡n door ‰‚Â¸v double ‰‚ÓÈÌÓÈ

doubtn 1. uncertainty ÒÓÏÌÂÌËÂ, ÌÂÛ‚ÂÂÌÌÓÒÚ¸v 2. hesitate to believe ËÒÔ˚Ú˚‚‡Ú¸ ÒÓÏÌÂÌËˇ, ÌÂ ‰Ó‚ÂˇÚ¸v drag Ú‡˘ËÚ¸n dragon ‰‡ÍÓÌpt v drank *see drinkv draw ÚˇÌÛÚ¸n drawer ˇ˘ËÍ

dreamn 1. images during sleep ÒÌÓ‚Ë‰ÂÌËÂv 2. imagine ÏÂ˜Ú‡Ú¸pt v dreamt *see dream

dressn 1. woman’s clothing ÔÎ‡Ú¸Âv 2. to put on clothing Ó‰Â‚‡Ú¸Òˇpt v drew *see draw

drinkn 1. beverage Ì‡ÔËÚÓÍv 2. swallow liquid ÔËÚ¸v drive ‚ÂÒÚË Ï‡¯ËÌÛn driveway ‚˙ÂÁ‰

dropn 1. small amount of water Í‡ÔÎˇv 2. let fall ÛÓÌËÚ¸

19

drought – email

n drought Á‡ÒÛı‡pt v drove *see drivev drown ÚÓÌÛÚ¸n drug ÔÂÔ‡‡Ún drum ·‡‡·‡Ìn drunk (person who drinks Ô¸ˇÌËˆ‡

too much alcohol)

adj dry ÒÛıÓÈpt v dug *see digadj dumb ÌÂÏÓÈprep during ‚ ÚÂ˜ÂÌËÂ

dustn 1. dirt Ô˚Î¸v 2. clean of dirt ‚˚ÚË‡Ú¸ Ô˚Î¸n duster Ô˚Î¸Ì‡ˇ ÚˇÔÍ‡n duty (something you must do) ‰ÓÎ„

E n eagle ÓÂÎn ear ÛıÓadj early ‡ÌÓv earn Á‡‡·‡Ú˚‚‡Ú¸n earring ÒÂ¸„‡n earth ÁÂÏÎˇn east ‚ÓÒÚÓÍadj easy ÔÓÒÚÓÈv eat ÂÒÚ¸n echidna ÂıË‰Ì‡n edge Í‡È, ÍÓÏÍ‡v edit Â‰‡ÍÚËÓ‚‡Ú¸n education Ó·‡ÁÓ‚‡ÌËÂn effect ˝ÙÙÂÍÚn effort ÛÒËÎËÂn egg ˇÈˆÓadj either Ú‡ÍÊÂn elastic ÂÁËÌÍ‡n elbow ÎÓÍÓÚ¸

elderadj 1. older than ÒÚ‡¯ËÈn 2. older person ÒÚ‡Âˆn election ‚˚·Ó˚n electrician ˝ÎÂÍÚËÍn electricity ˝ÎÂÍÚË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó

emailn 1. Internet letter ˝ÎÂÍÚÓÌÌ‡ˇ ÔÓ˜Ú‡v 2. send an Internet letter ÔÓÒÎ‡Ú¸ ˝ÎÂÍÚÓÌÌÛ˛ ÔÓ˜ÚÛ

20

embarrass – excellent

v embarrass ÒÏÛ˘‡Ú¸adj embarrassed ÒÏÛ˘ÂÌÌ˚Èn emergency ÍËÚË˜ÂÒÍÓÂ ÔÓÎÓÊÂÌËÂn emigrant ˝ÏË„‡ÌÚn emotion ˝ÏÓˆËˇv employ Ì‡ÌËÏ‡Ú¸n employee ÒÎÛÊ‡˘ËÈn employer ÔÂ‰ÔËÌËÏ‡ÚÂÎ¸n employment ÒÎÛÊ·‡, Á‡ÌˇÚÓÒÚ¸adj empty ÔÛÒÚÓÈn emu ÒÚ‡ÛÒ ˝ÏÛv encourage ÔÓÓ˘ˇÚ¸

endn 1. termination ÍÓÌÂˆv 2. finish ÍÓÌ˜‡Ú¸n enemy ‚‡„

engagedadj 1. busy Á‡ÌˇÚ˚Èadj 2. soon to be married Ó·Û˜ÂÌn engine ‰‚Ë„‡ÚÂÎ¸v enjoy Ì‡ÒÎ‡Ê‰‡Ú¸Òˇadj enormous Ó„ÓÏÌ˚Èadj enough ‰ÓÒÚ‡ÚÓ˜ÌÓv enquire ÒÔ‡¯Ë‚‡Ú¸v enter ‚‚ÂÒÚËv entertain ‡Á‚ÎÂÍ‡Ú¸n entertainment ‡Á‚ÎÂ˜ÂÌËÂn entrance ‚ıÓ‰n entry ‚ıÓ‰n envelope ÍÓÌ‚ÂÚn environment ÒÂ‰‡adj equal ‡‚Ì˚Èn equator ˝Í‚‡ÚÓn equipment Ó·ÓÛ‰Ó‚‡ÌËÂ

escapen 1. an act of escaping ÔÓ·Â„v 2. get away Û·ÂÊ‡Ú¸ adv even (divisible by two) ˜ÂÚÌ˚Èn evening ‚Â˜Ân event ÒÎÛ˜‡Èadj every Í‡Ê‰˚Èabbrev exam *see examinationn examination ÓÒÏÓÚ

examplen 1. illustration ÔËÏÂabbrev 2. e.g.

adj excellent ÔÂ‚ÓÒıÓ‰Ì˚È

21

exchange – factory

exchangen 1. act of exchanging Ó·ÏÂÌv 2. give up for an equivalent Ó·ÏÂÌË‚‡Ú¸v excite ‚ÓÁ·ÛÊ‰‡Ú¸adj excited ‚ÓÁ·ÛÊ‰ÂÌÌ˚Èn excitement ‚ÓÎÌÂÌËÂadj exciting ‚ÓÎÌÛ˛˘ËÈn excursion ˝ÍÒÍÛÒËˇ

excusen 1. justification ÓÔ‡‚‰‡ÌËÂv 2. pardon ÔÓ˘‡Ú¸int 3. Excuse me! »Á‚ËÌËÚÂ!

exercisen 1. physical work ÛÔ‡ÊÌÂÌËÂn 2. class work ÛÔ‡ÊÌÂÌËÂn 3. exercise book ÚÂÚ‡‰¸

exitn 1. way out ‚˚ıÓ‰v 2. go out ÛÈÚËv expect ÓÊË‰‡Ú¸adj expensive ‰ÓÓ„ÓÈ

experiencen 1. thing undergone ÓÔ˚Úv 2. undergo ËÒÔ˚Ú˚‚‡Ú¸

experimentn 1. science trial ˝ÍÒÔÂËÏÂÌÚv 2. try something ˝ÍÒÔÂËÏÂÌÚËÓ‚‡Ú¸, Ô˚Ú‡Ú¸Òˇv explain Ó·˙ˇÒÌˇÚ¸n explanation Ó·˙ˇÒÌÂÌËÂv explode ‚Á˚‚‡Ú¸v explore ËÒÒÎÂ‰Ó‚‡Ú¸

expressadj 1. fast ˝ÍÒÔÂÒÒv 2. say ‚˚‡ÁËÚ¸

expressionn 1. on face ‚˚‡ÊÂÌËÂn 2. in words ‚˚‡ÊÂÌËÂadj extra ‰ÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂÎ¸Ì˚Èn eye „Î‡Án eyebrow ·Ó‚¸

F face

n 1. part of body ÎËˆÓphrase 2. face the front ÒÚÓˇÚ¸ ÔÂÂ‰colloq phr 3. Face it! (believe it) —ÏÓÚË Ô‡‚‰Â ‚ ÎËˆÓ!n fact Ù‡ÍÚn factory Ù‡·ËÍ‡

22

fade – fence

v fade ËÒ˜ÂÁ‡Ú¸v fail ÚÂÔÂÚ¸ ÌÂÛ‰‡˜Û

faintadj 1. not dark ÚÛÒÍÎ˚Èv 2. become unconscious ÔÓÚÂˇÚ¸ ÒÓÁÌ‡ÌËÂ

fairadj 1. just ÒÔ‡‚Â‰ÎË‚˚Èadj 2. light ·ÂÎÓÍÛ˚È, Ò‚ÂÚÎ˚Èadv fairly (quite) ‰Ó‚ÓÎ¸ÌÓn fairy ÙÂˇv fall Ô‡‰‡Ú¸adj false ÎÓÊÌ˚Èadj familiar ÁÌ‡ÍÓÏ˚È

familyn 1. kin ÒÂÏ¸ˇn 2. family tree ÒÂÏÂÈÒÚ‚Óadj famous ËÁ‚ÂÒÚÌ˚È

fann 1. great admirer ÔÓÍÎÓÌÌËÍn 2. equipment to blow air ‚ÂÌÚËÎˇÚÓadj far ‰‡ÎÂÍÓn fare (cost for trip) ÔÎ‡Ú‡ Á‡ ÔÓÂÁ‰n farm ÙÂÏ‡n fashion ÏÓ‰‡adj fashionable ÏÓ‰Ì˚È

fastadv 1. quick ·˚ÒÚ˚Èadv 2. forward in time ·˚ÒÚÓv 3. go without food „ÓÎÓ‰‡Ú¸v fasten Ò‚ˇÁ˚‚‡Ú¸, ÒÍÂÔÎˇÚ¸adj fat ÊËn father ÓÚÂˆn fault Ó¯Ë·Í‡n favour ·Î‡„ÓÒÍÎÓÌÌÓÒÚ¸adj favourite Î˛·ËÏ˚Èn fax Ù‡ÍÒ

fearn 1. feeling of impending danger ÒÚ‡ıv 2. be afraid ·ÓˇÚ¸Òˇn feather ÔÂÓv feed ÔËÚ‡Ú¸Òˇ

feelv 1. as emotion ˜Û‚ÒÚ‚Ó‚‡Ú¸v 2. touch ˘ÛÔ‡Ú¸pt v fell *see fallpt v felt *see feeladj female (of gender) ÊÂÌ˘ËÌ‡n fence Á‡·Ó

23

ferry – flashing

n ferry Ô‡ÓÏn festival Ô‡Á‰ÌËÍn fever ÎËıÓ‡‰Í‡adj few ÌÂÏÌÓ„ËÂ

fieldn 1. where sport is played ÒÔÓÚË‚ÌÓÂ ÔÓÎÂn 2. open land ÔÓÎÂadj fierce ÊÂÒÚÓÍËÈ

fightn 1. battle Ò‡ÊÂÌËÂv 2. engage in battle Ò‡Ê‡Ú¸Òˇ

figuren 1. number ˜ËÒÎÓn 2. person ÙË„Û‡phr v 3. figure out (understand) ‚˚ˇÒÌËÚ¸v fill Á‡ÔÓÎÌˇÚ¸n film ÙËÎ¸Ïadj final Á‡ÍÎ˛˜ËÚÂÎ¸Ì˚Èv find Ì‡ıÓ‰ËÚ¸

fineadj 1. not raining ˇÒÌ˚Èadj 2. opposite thick ÚÓÌÍËÈadj 3. well (healthy) Á‰ÓÓ‚˚Èn finger Ô‡ÎÂˆ

finishn 1. end point ÍÓÌÂˆv 2. end ÍÓÌ˜‡Ú¸

firev 1. cease to employ Û‚ÓÎ¸ÌˇÚ¸v 2. shoot ÒÚÂÎˇÚ¸n 3. something burning Ó„ÓÌ¸n fireworks ÙÂÈÂ‚ÂÍadv first ÒÌ‡˜‡Î‡n first aid ÒÍÓ‡ˇ ÔÓÏÓ˘¸

fishn 1. water creature ˚·‡v 2. catch fish ˚·‡˜ËÚ¸n fishing rod Û‰Ó˜Í‡

fitadj 1. healthy Á‰ÓÓ‚˚Èn 2. size ÔË„ÓÌÍ‡, ÔÓÒ‡‰Í‡phrase 3. fit in with (match well) ÔÓ‰ıÓ‰ËÚ¸v fix ÛÍÂÔÎˇÚ¸n flag ÙÎ‡„n flame ÔÎ‡Ïˇn flash (bright light) ‚ÒÔ˚¯Í‡adj flashing Ò‚ÂÍ‡˛˘ËÈ, ÏË„‡˛˘ËÈ

24

flat – form

flatn 1. dwelling Í‚‡ÚË‡adj 2. shape ÔÎÓÒÍËÈ n flavour ‡ÓÏ‡Ú, ÔË‚ÍÛÒpt v flew *see flyn flight ÔÓÎÂÚv float ÔÎ‡‚‡Ú¸ (Ì‡ ÔÓ‚ÂıÌÓÒÚË)n flood Ì‡‚Ó‰ÌÂÌËÂ

floorn 1. part of a room ÔÓÎn 2. level of a building ˝Ú‡Ê n floppy disk ‰ËÒÍÂÚ‡v flow ÚÂ˜¸n flower ˆ‚ÂÚÓÍabbrev flu *see influenza

flyn 1. insect ÏÛı‡v 2. move through the air ÎÂÚ‡Ú¸n fog (weather condition) ÚÛÏ‡Ìadj foggy ÚÛÏ‡ÌÌ˚È v fold Ò„Ë·‡Ú¸n folder Ô‡ÔÍ‡v follow ÒÎÂ‰Ó‚‡Ú¸n font ¯ËÙÚn food Â‰‡n fool ‰Û‡Íadj foolish „ÎÛÔ˚È n foot ÒÚÓÔ‡n football ÙÛÚ·ÓÎn footwear Ó·Û‚¸

forphrase 1. for us ‰Îˇ Ì‡Òphrase 2. for NSW ‰Îˇ ÕÓ‚Ó„Ó fiÊÌÓ„Ó ”̋ Î¸Ò‡ phrase 3. for $5 Á‡ $5

forcen 1. strength ÒËÎ‡v 2. impose on Á‡ÒÚ‡‚ÎˇÚ¸; ÔËÌÛÊ‰‡Ú¸ adj foreign (not native) ËÌÓÒÚ‡ÌÌ˚Èn foreigner ËÌÓÒÚ‡ÌÂˆn forest ÎÂÒpt v forgave *see forgivev forget Á‡·˚‚‡Ú¸v forgive ÔÓ˘‡Ú¸pt v forgot *see forgetn fork ‚ËÎÍ‡

formn 1. paper you fill in ‡ÌÍÂÚ‡ v 2. make ÎÂÔËÚ¸, ÔË‰‡‚‡Ú¸ ÙÓÏÛ

25

fortnight – funeral

n 3. shape ÙÓÏ‡n fortnight ‰‚Â ÌÂ‰ÂÎËadj fortunate Û‰‡˜ÎË‚˚Èadv fortunately Í Ò˜‡ÒÚ¸˛

fortunen 1. large amount of money ·Ó„‡ÚÒÚ‚Ón 2. luck Û‰‡˜‡pt v fought *see fightpt v found *see findn fountain ÙÓÌÚ‡Ìn fraction Ù‡ÍˆËˇ (‰ÓÎˇ)n frame ÒÚÛÍÚÛ‡ (‡ÏÍ‡)

freeadj 1. costing nothing ·ÂÒÔÎ‡ÚÌ˚Èadj 2. unoccupied ÌÂÁ‡ÌˇÚ˚Èv 3. let go ÓÚÔÛÒÍ‡Ú¸n freedom Ò‚Ó·Ó‰‡v freeze Á‡ÏÓ‡ÊË‚‡Ú¸n freezer (appliance) ÏÓÓÁËÎ¸ÌËÍadj frequent ˜‡ÒÚ˚Èadj fresh Ò‚ÂÊËÈabbrev fridge *see refrigeratorn friend ‰Û„adj friendly ‰ÛÊÂÒÍËÈn fright ËÒÔÛ„v frighten ÔÛ„‡Ú¸

fromphrase 1. from Sydney ËÁ —Ë‰ÌÂˇphrase 2. from my grandmother ÓÚ ÏÓÂÈ ·‡·Û¯ÍËphrase 3. from $10 ÓÚ $10

frontadj 1. opposite back ÔÂÂ‰ÌËÈprep 2. in front of ÔÂÂ‰ n front door Ô‡‡‰Ì‡ˇ ‰‚Â¸n front steps Ô‡‡‰Ì˚Â v frown ıÏÛËÚ¸Òˇpt v froze *see freezen fruit ÙÛÍÚ

fulladj 1. opposite empty ÔÓÎÌ˚Èadj 2. not hungry Ò˚Ú˚Èn full stop (punctuation mark) ÚÓ˜Í‡

funn 1. mirthful amusement ‡Á‚ÎÂ˜ÂÌËÂ; Á‡·‡‚‡colloq phr 2. make fun of (ridicule) ‚˚ÒÏÂˇÚ¸n funeral ÔÓıÓÓÌ˚

26

funny – girl

funnyadj 1. humorous ÒÏÂ¯ÌÓÈadj 2. strange ÒÚ‡ÌÌ˚Èn fur ÏÂın furniture ÏÂ·ÂÎ¸adj further ‰‡Î¸ÌËÈn future ·Û‰Û˘ÂÂ

Gv gamble ‡Á‡ÚÌ‡ˇ Ë„‡n game Ë„‡n gaol *see jailn gap ÔÓÏÂÊÛÚÓÍn garage (of house) „‡‡Ên garden Ò‡‰n garlic ˜ÂÒÌÓÍn gas „‡Án gate ‚ÓÓÚ‡v gather ÒÓ·Ë‡Ú¸Òˇpt v gave *see give

gayadj 1. happy Ò˜‡ÒÚÎË‚˚Èadj 2. homosexual „ÓÏÓÒÂÍÒÛ‡Î¸Ì˚Èn gender Ó‰

generaladj 1. usual Ó·˚˜Ì˚Èn 2. rank in army „ÂÌÂ‡Îadv generally ‚ÓÓ·˘Ân generosity ‚ÂÎËÍÓ‰Û¯ËÂadj generous ˘Â‰˚Èadj gentle ÌÂÊÌ˚È

getv 1. become ÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ËÚ¸Òˇv 2. receive ÔÓÎÛ˜‡Ú¸v 3. possess Ó·Î‡‰‡Ú¸v 4. arrive ÔË·˚‚‡Ú¸v 5. obtain ‰ÓÒÚ‡‚‡Ú¸; ÔËÓ·ÂÚ‡Ú¸phr v 6. get on with (like) ÒıÓ‰ËÚ¸Òˇphr v 7. get out (leave) ‚˚ıÓ‰ËÚ¸phr v 8. get together (meet) ÒÓ·Ë‡Ú¸Òˇphr v 9. get up (arise) ‚ÒÚ‡‚‡Ú¸ phr v 10. get rid of (dispose of) ËÁ·‡‚ÎˇÚ¸Òˇ

giantn 1. huge mythical being ‚ÂÎËÍ‡Ìadj 2. very big „Ë„‡ÌÚÒÍËÈn gift ÔÓ‰‡ÓÍn girl ‰Â‚Ó˜Í‡

27

give – grain

givev 1. hand to ‰‡Ú¸phr v 2. give in (hand in) ‚Û˜‡Ú¸; ÔÓ‰‡‚‡Ú¸colloq phr 3. give in (surrender) ÛÒÚÛÔ‡Ú¸; Ò‰‡‚‡Ú¸Òˇphr v 4. give out (distribute) ‡Á‰‡‚‡Ú¸phr v 5. give up (surrender) ÓÚÍ‡Á˚‚‡Ú¸Òˇ; c‰‡‚‡Ú¸Òˇphr v 6. give up (stop as for smoking) ·ÓÒ‡Ú¸ (ÔË‚˚˜ÍÛ)adj glad ‰Ó‚ÓÎ¸Ì˚È

glassn 1. window material ÒÚÂÍÎÓn 2. drinking vessel ÒÚ‡Í‡Ìn glasses (for eyesight) Ó˜ÍËn glove ÔÂ˜‡ÚÍ‡

gov 1. move Ë‰ÚËphrase 2. go by bus Âı‡Ú¸ ‚ ‡‚ÚÓ·ÛÒÂphrase 3. go out with ‰ÛÊËÚ¸phr v 4. go wrong Ó¯Ë·‡Ú¸Òˇphr v 5. go on with (continue) ÔÓ‰ÓÎÊ‡Ú¸phr v 6. go well ÔÓ‰ıÓ‰ËÚ¸phr v 7. go over (check) ÔÓ‚ÂˇÚ¸phr v 8. go through (check) ÔÓÈÚËphr v 9. go after (chase) „Ì‡Ú¸Òˇn god ·Ó„n gold ÁÓÎÓÚÓadj golden ÁÓÎÓÚÓÈ

goodadj 1. opposite bad ıÓÓ¯ËÈphrase 2. vegetables are good for you Ó‚Ó˘Ë ÔÓÎÂÁÌ˚ ‚‡Ïcolloq phr 3. Good for you! œÓÁ‰‡‚Îˇ˛!

(congratulations)

int 4. Good afternoon (greeting) ƒÓ·˚È ‰ÂÌ¸int 5. Goodbye ƒÓ Ò‚Ë‰‡ÌËˇint 6. Good day (greeting) ƒÓ·˚È ‰ÂÌ¸int 7. Good morning (greeting) ƒÓ·ÓÂ ÛÚÓ int 8. Good night (farewell) ƒÓ Ò‚Ë‰‡ÌËˇ

goodnessn 1. virtue ‰Ó·Ó‰ÂÚÂÎ¸int 2. My goodness! (expression √ÓÒÔÓ‰Ë!; ·ÓÊÂ ÏÓÈ!

of surprise)

n goods ÚÓ‚‡˚n gossip ÒÔÎÂÚÌˇpt v got *see getv govern ÛÔ‡‚ÎˇÚ¸n government Ô‡‚ËÚÂÎ¸ÒÚ‚Ón governor „Û·ÂÌ‡ÚÓv grab Á‡ı‚‡Ú˚‚‡Ú¸adv gradually ÔÓÒÚÂÔÂÌÌÓn grain ÁÂÌÓ

28

grand – habit

adj grand ‚ÂÎËÍËÈn grandchild ‚ÌÛÍn granddaughter ‚ÌÛ˜Í‡n grandfather ‰Â‰Û¯Í‡n grandmother ·‡·Û¯Í‡n grandparent ‰Â‰Û¯Í‡ Ë ·‡·Û¯Í‡n grandson ‚ÌÛÍn grape ‚ËÌÓ„‡‰n graph ÍË‚‡ˇ; „‡ÙËÍn grass Ú‡‚‡adj grateful ·Î‡„Ó‰‡Ì˚Èn grave ÏÓ„ËÎ‡adj great ·ÓÎ¸¯ÓÈn greed Ê‡‰ÌÓÒÚ¸adj greedy Ê‡‰Ì˚Èadj green ÁÂÎÂÌ˚Èv greet ÔË‚ÂÚÒÚ‚Ó‚‡Ú¸n greeting ÔË‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËÂpt v grew *see growadj grey ÒÂ˚Èn grief ÔÂ˜‡Î¸v grieve Ó„Ó˜‡Ú¸v grill (cooking) „ËÎ¸

grossadj 1. total ·ÛÚÚÓcolloq 2. disgusting ÓÚ‚‡ÚËÚÂÎ¸Ì˚È

groundn 1. earth ÁÂÏÎˇadj 2. bottom (as for ground floor) ÌËÊÌËÈn group „ÛÔÔ‡phrase group of students „ÛÔÔ‡ ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚÓ‚v grow ‡ÒÚËn grown-up ‚ÁÓÒÎ˚Èv guard Óı‡ÌˇÚ¸n guardian ÓÔÂÍÛÌv guess ‰Ó„‡‰˚‚‡Ú¸Òˇn guest „ÓÒÚ¸

guiden 1. leader ÛÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎ¸v 2. show the way ‚ÂÒÚËn guilt ‚ËÌ‡adj guilty ‚ËÌÓ‚Ì˚Èn guitar „ËÚ‡‡n gum tree ˝‚Í‡ÎËÔÚabbrev gym *see gymnasiumn gymnasium „ËÏÌ‡ÒÚË˜ÂÒÍËÈ Á‡Î

Hn habit ÔË‚˚˜Í‡

29

had – have

pt v had *see have n hail (weather condition) „‡‰n hailstorm ·Ûˇ Ò „‡‰ÓÏn hair ‚ÓÎÓÒ˚n haircut ÒÚËÊÍ‡adj halal ı‡Î‡Î

halfadj 1. equal part of ÔÓÎÓ‚ËÌ‡phrase 2. half-past eight ÔÓÎÓ‚ËÌ‡ ‰Â‚ˇÚÓ„Ón hall Á‡În hallway ÔËıÓÊ‡ˇv halve ‰ÂÎËÚ¸ ÔÓÔÓÎ‡Ïn hamburger „‡Ï·Û„Ân hammer ÏÓÎÓÚÓÍ

handn 1. body part ÛÍ‡ n 2. hand-out ÔÂ˜‡ÚÌÓÂ Á‡ˇ‚ÎÂÌËÂphr v 3. hand in ‚Û˜‡Ú¸ n handbag ÒÛÏÓ˜Í‡n handball „‡Ì‰·ÓÎ

handlen 1. thing that may be held Û˜Í‡v 2. touch ÚÓ„‡Ú¸adj handsome Í‡ÒË‚˚Èn handwriting ÔÓ˜ÂÍ

hangv 1. suspend ÔÓ‰‚Â¯Ë‚‡Ú¸phr v 2. hang around (loiter) ÒÎÓÌˇÚ¸Òˇphr v 3. hang onto (hold) ÌÂ ÓÚÔÛÒÍ‡Ú¸phr v 4. hang up (put receiver down) ÔÓ‚ÂÒËÚ¸ ÚÛ·ÍÛint 5. Hang on! (wait) œÓ‰ÓÊ‰ËÚÂ!v happen ÒÎÛ˜‡Ú¸Òˇn happiness Ò˜‡ÒÚ¸Âadj happy Ò˜‡ÒÚÎË‚˚Èn harbour „‡‚‡Ì¸

hardadj 1. difficult ÚÛ‰Ì˚Èadj 2. not soft Ú‚Â‰˚Èadv hardly (rarely) Â‰‚‡ v harm Ì‡ÌÓÒËÚ¸ ‚Â‰n harvest ÛÓÊ‡Èn hat ¯ÎˇÔ‡v hate ÌÂÌ‡‚Ë‰ÂÚ¸

havev 1. own ‚Î‡‰ÂÚ¸phrase 2. have a headache ·ÓÎËÚ „ÓÎÓ‚‡phrase 3. have dinner Ó·Â‰‡Ú¸phrase 4. have a hair cut ÔÓ‰ÒÚË˜¸Òˇphr v 5. have on (wear) ·˚Ú¸ Ó‰ÂÚ˚Ï

30

have to – his

phr v have to (be compelled to) ‰ÓÎÊÌ˚pron he ÓÌ

headn 1. body part „ÓÎÓ‚‡n 2. leader ÎË‰Ân headache „ÓÎÓ‚Ì‡ˇ ·ÓÎ¸n heading (title) Á‡„ÓÎÓ‚ÓÍ n health Á‰ÓÓ‚¸Âadj healthy Á‰ÓÓ‚˚Èn heap (pile) ÍÛ˜‡v hear ÒÎ˚¯‡Ú¸pt v heard *see hearn heart ÒÂ‰ˆÂ

heatv 1. warm ÔÓ‰Ó„Â‚‡Ú¸n 2. warmth ÚÂÔÎÓÚ‡n heater (appliance) Ó·Ó„Â‚‡ÚÂÎ¸adj heavy ÚˇÊÂÎ˚Èn height ‚˚ÒÓÚ‡pt v held *see holdn helicopter ‚ÂÚÓÎÂÚint hello ÔË‚ÂÚ

helpn 1. aid ÔÓÏÓ˘¸phrase 2. help yourself (serve yourself) Û„Ó˘‡ÈÚÂÒ¸colloq phr 3. I can’t help it (I have no ˇ ÌË˜Â„Ó ÌÂ ÏÓ„Û ÔÓ‰ÂÎ‡Ú¸

control over it)

adj helpful ÔÓÎÂÁÌ˚Èn hemisphere ÔÓÎÛ¯‡ËÂ

herphrase 1. ask her ÒÔÓÒËÚÂ ÂÂphrase 2. her book ÂÂ ÍÌË„‡adv here Á‰ÂÒ¸n hero „ÂÓÈv hesitate ÍÓÎÂ·‡Ú¸Òˇn hexagon ¯ÂÒÚËÛ„ÓÎ¸ÌËÍint hi ÔË‚ÂÚpt v hid *see hidev hide ÔˇÚ‡Ú¸Òˇ

highadj 1. tall ‚˚ÒÓÍËÈadj 2. as for musical note ‚˚ÒÓÍËÈphrase high-heeled shoe Ó·Û‚¸ Ì‡ ‚˚ÒÓÍÓÏ Í‡·ÎÛÍÂn high school ÒÂ‰Ìˇˇ ¯ÍÓÎ‡n hill ıÓÎÏpron him Â„Ó; ÌÂÏ; ËÏ ñ ÍÓÒ‚. Ô‡‰ÂÊ ÓÚ hen hip ·Â‰Óv hire Ì‡ÌËÏ‡Ú¸pron his Â„Ó

31

history – however

n history ËÒÚÓËˇhit

v 1. strike Û‰‡ˇÚ¸colloq 2. winner ì„‚ÓÁ‰¸î ÒÂÁÓÌ‡v hitch-hike ÔÛÚÂ¯ÂÒÚ‚Ó‚‡Ú¸ ‡‚ÚÓÒÚÓÔÓÏn hobby ıÓ··Ë

holdv 1. grasp Òı‚‡Ú˚‚‡Ú¸n 2. hold-up (robbery) Ó„‡·ÎÂÌËÂn 3. hold-up (delay) Á‡‰ÂÊÍ‡ int 4. Hold it! (stop) ŒÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ËÚÂÒ¸!colloq phr 5. hold on (wait) ÏËÌÛÚÍÛn hole ÓÚ‚ÂÒÚËÂn holiday Ô‡Á‰ÌËÍ (ÓÚÔÛÒÍ)adj hollow ÔÛÒÚÓÈadj holy Ò‚ˇÚÓÈn home ‰ÓÏadj homesick ÚÓÒÍÛ˛˘ËÈ ÔÓ ‰ÓÏÛn homework (school work you ‰ÓÏ‡¯Ìˇˇ ‡·ÓÚ‡

do at home)

honest ˜ÂÒÚÌ˚Èhook

n 1. curved piece of metal Í˛˜ÓÍv 2. catch ÎÓ‚ËÚ¸

hopen 1. expectation ÓÊË‰‡ÌËÂv 2. wish ÊÂÎ‡Ú¸n horizon „ÓËÁÓÌÚ

horn n 1. animal part Ó„n 2. car part ÒËÂÌ‡adj horrible ÛÊ‡ÒÌ˚Èn horror ÛÊ‡Òn horse ÎÓ¯‡‰¸n hospital ·ÓÎ¸ÌËˆ‡n host ıÓÁˇËÌn hostel Ó·˘ÂÊËÚËÂ

hotadj 1. very warm „Óˇ˜ËÈ colloq 2. very good ´ÍÎÂ‚˚Èªn hotel „ÓÒÚËÌËˆ‡n hot-plate ˝ÎÂÍÚË˜ÂÒÍ‡ˇ ÔÎËÚÍ‡n hour ˜‡Òn house ‰ÓÏn housework (domestic work) ‡·ÓÚ‡ ÔÓ ‰ÓÏÛ

howadv 1. in what way Í‡Ícolloq phr 2. how come? (why) Í‡Í Ú‡Í?conj however Ó‰Ì‡ÍÓ

32

huge – industry

adj huge Ó„ÓÏÌ˚Èhuman

adj 1. of people ˜ÂÎÓ‚Â˜ÂÒÍËÈn 2. human being ˜ÂÎÓ‚ÂÍn humour ˛ÏÓpt v hung *see hangadj hungry „ÓÎÓ‰Ì˚Èv hunt ÓıÓÚËÚ¸Òˇ

hurryv 1. move quickly ÚÓÓÔËÚ¸Òˇcolloq phr 2. hurry up ÔÓÚÓÓÔËÚÂÒ¸!

hurtv 1. injure ÔÓ‚Â‰ËÚ¸adj 2. wounded ‡ÌÂÌ˚Èn hut ıËÊËÌ‡

Ipron I ˇn ice ÎÂ‰n ice-cream ÏÓÓÊÂÌÓÂadj ideal Ë‰Â‡Î¸Ì˚Èconj if ÂÒÎËadj ill ·ÓÎ¸ÌÓÈadj illegal ÌÂÁ‡ÍÓÌÌ˚Èn illness ·ÓÎÂÁÌ¸n illustration ËÎÎ˛ÒÚ‡ˆËˇv imagine ‚ÓÓ·‡Ê‡Ú¸adj immediate ÌÂÏÂ‰ÎÂÌÌ˚Èadv immediately ÌÂÏÂ‰ÎÂÌÌÓn immigrant ËÏÏË„‡ÌÚadj important ‚‡ÊÌ˚Èadj impossible ÌÂ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌ˚Èv improve ÛÎÛ˜¯‡Ú¸

inprep 1. indicates enclosed place ‚phrase 2. in Australia ‚ ¿‚ÒÚ‡ÎËËphrase 3. in January ‚ ˇÌ‚‡Âphrase 4. in English ÔÓ-‡Ì„ÎËÈÒÍËphrase 5. in pencil Í‡‡Ì‰‡¯ÓÏphrase 6. in love ‚Î˛·ÎÂÌÌ˚È ‚phrase 7. in danger ‚ ÓÔ‡ÒÌÓÒÚËphrase 8. in time (not late) ‚Ó‚ÂÏˇv include ‚ÍÎ˛˜‡Ú¸n income ‰ÓıÓ‰adj incorrect ÌÂÔ‡‚ËÎ¸Ì˚Èv increase Û‚ÂÎË˜Ë‚‡Ú¸n index ËÌ‰ÂÍÒadj indoor ‰ÓÏ‡¯ÌËÈn industry ÔÓÏ˚¯ÎÂÌÌÓÒÚ¸

33

infect – is

v infect Á‡‡Ê‡Ú¸n infection ËÌÙÂÍˆËˇv influence ‚ÎËˇÚ¸n influenza „ËÔÔv inform ÒÓÓ·˘‡Ú¸n information ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇprep in front of ‚ÔÂÂ‰Ëv inhabit Ó·ËÚ‡Ú¸n inhabitant ÊËÚÂÎ¸

initialadj 1. first Ì‡˜‡Î¸Ì˚Èn 2. first letter of name ËÌËˆË‡În injection ‚‚Â‰ÂÌËÂv injure ‡ÌËÚ¸n injury ‡Ì‡adj inner ‚ÌÛÚÂÌÌËÈadj innocent ÌÂ‚ËÌÌ˚Èn insect Ì‡ÒÂÍÓÏÓÂv insert ‚ÒÚ‡‚ÎˇÚ¸prep inside ‚ÌÛÚËv insist Ì‡ÒÚ‡Ë‚‡Ú¸

instantn 1. moment Ï„ÌÓ‚ÂÌËÂadj 2. immediate ÌÂÏÂ‰ÎÂÌÌ˚Èadv instead ‚ÏÂÒÚÓ ˝ÚÓ„Óv instruct Û˜ËÚ¸n instruction Ó·Û˜ÂÌËÂn instrument (musical) ËÌÒÚÛÏÂÌÚn insurance ÒÚ‡ıÓ‚‡ÌËÂadj intelligent ÛÏÌ˚Èv intend ÔÂ‰Ì‡ÁÌ‡˜ËÚ¸n interest ËÌÚÂÂÒadj interested Á‡ËÌÚÂÂÒÓ‚‡ÌÌ˚Èadj interesting ËÌÚÂÂÒÌ˚Èn Internet ËÌÚÂÌÂÚv interrupt ÔÂ˚‚‡Ú¸n intersection ÔÂÂÍÂÒÚÓÍn interview ËÌÚÂ‚¸˛prep into ‚v introduce ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎˇÚ¸n introduction (of a book) ‚‚Â‰ÂÌËÂv invent ËÁÓ·ÂÚ‡Ú¸n invitation ÔË„Î‡¯ÂÌËÂv invite ÔË„Î‡¯‡Ú¸

ironn 1. metal ÊÂÎÂÁÓn 2. household appliance ÛÚ˛„v 3. as for clothing „Î‡‰ËÚ¸prt v is *see be

34

island – keyboard

n island ÓÒÚÓ‚it

pron 1. subject ÓÌ; ÓÌ‡; ÓÌÓpron 2. object ˝ÚÓpron its (possessive) Â„Ó

Jn jacket Ê‡ÍÂÚn jail Ú˛¸Ï‡n jar ·‡ÌÍ‡adj jealous Â‚ÌË‚˚Èn jeans ‰ÊËÌÒ˚n jet Â‡ÍÚË‚Ì˚È Ò‡ÏÓÎÂÚn jewel ‰‡„ÓˆÂÌÌ˚È Í‡ÏÂÌ¸n jewellery ‰‡„ÓˆÂÌÌÓÒÚËn job ‡·ÓÚ‡v jog ·Â„‡Ú¸ ÚÛÒˆÓÈn jogger ·Â„ÛÌ

joinv 1. unite Ó·˙Â‰ËÌˇÚ¸v 2. as a club ÒÚ‡Ú¸ ˜ÎÂÌÓÏ ÍÎÛ·‡adj joint Ó·˙Â‰ËÌÂÌÌ˚Èn joke ¯ÛÚÍ‡n journey ÔÓÂÁ‰Í‡n joy ‡‰ÓÒÚ¸

judgen 1. person in court ÒÛ‰¸ˇv 2. make a decision about ‚˚ÌÓÒËÚ¸ ÔË„Ó‚Ón judgment Â¯ÂÌËÂn judo ‰Á˛‰Ón juice ÒÓÍv jump Ô˚„‡Ú¸n jumper (clothing) ‰ÊÂÏÔÂ

justadv 1. only ÚÓÎ¸ÍÓadj 2. fair ÒÔ‡‚Â‰ÎË‚˚È

Kn kangaroo ÍÂÌ„ÛÛ

keepv 1. hold on to Û‰ÂÊË‚‡Ú¸ phr v 2. keep away ‰ÂÊ‡Ú¸Òˇ ‚ ÓÚ‰‡ÎÂÌËËphr v 3. keep going ÔÓ‰ÓÎÊ‡Ú¸ Ë‰ÚËphr v 4. keep out ÌÂ ‚ıÓ‰ËÚ¸! phr v 5. keep up ‰ÂÊ‡Ú¸Òˇ Ì‡ ÔÂÊÌÂÏ ÛÓ‚ÌÂcolloq phr 6. The teacher kept us in ÔÂÔÓ‰‡‚‡ÚÂÎ¸ Á‡‰ÂÊ‡Î Ì‡Ò ‚pt v kept *see keepn key ÍÎ‡‚Ë¯‡n keyboard ÍÎ‡‚Ë‡ÚÛ‡

35

keyring – large

n keyring ·ÂÎÓÍn keyword ÍÎ˛˜Â‚ÓÂ ÒÎÓ‚Óv kick ÔÌÛÚ¸colloq kid (child) Ï‡Î˚¯v kill Û·Ë‚‡Ú¸n killer Û·ËÈˆ‡

kindadj 1. good hearted ‰Ó·˚Èn 2. type ÚËÔn kindness ‰Ó·ÓÚ‡n king ÍÓÓÎ¸v kiss ˆÂÎÓ‚‡Ú¸n kitchen ÍÛıÌˇn knee ÍÓÎÂÌÓv kneel ÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ËÚ¸Òˇ Ì‡ ÍÓÎÂÌËpt v knelt *see kneelpt v knew *see known knife ÌÓÊv knit ‚ˇÁ‡Ú¸n knob ¯Ë¯Í‡v knock ÒÚÛ˜‡Ú¸n knot ÛÁÂÎ

knowv 1. understand ÔÓÌËÏ‡Ú¸v 2. be acquainted with ·˚Ú¸ ÁÌ‡ÍÓÏ˚Ï Òphrase 3. Let me know (tell me) —ÓÓ·˘ËÚÂ ÏÌÂ n koala ÍÓ‡Î‡n kookaburra ÍÛÍ‡·‡‡

Labbrev lab *see laboratoryn label ˇÎ˚Ín laboratory Î‡·Ó‡ÚÓËˇn labour ÚÛ‰v lack ÌÛÊ‰‡Ú¸Òˇn lad Ô‡ÂÌ¸n ladder ÎÂÒÚÌËˆ‡pt v laid *see layn lake ÓÁÂÓn lamp Î‡ÏÔ‡

landn 1. opposite of sea ÁÂÏÎˇn 2. country ÒÚ‡Ì‡v 3. as for plane ÔËÁÂÏÎˇÚ¸Òˇn language ˇÁ˚Í

lapn 1. body part ÍÓÎÂÌËn 2. distance in a pool ÓÚÂÁÓÍadj large ·ÓÎ¸¯ÓÈ

36

last – less

lastadj 1. opposite of first ÔÓÒÎÂ‰ÌËÈv 2. endure ‚˚ÌÓÒËÚ¸adv lastly Ì‡ÍÓÌÂâdj late (opposite of early) ÔÓÁ‰ÌÓ adv lately ‚ ÔÓÒÎÂ‰ÌÂÂ ‚ÂÏˇadv later ÔÓÁÊÂv laugh ÒÏÂˇÚ¸Òˇn laughter ÒÏÂın laundry Ô‡˜Â˜Ì‡ˇn law Á‡ÍÓÌn lawn ÎÛÊ‡ÈÍ‡n lawyer ‡‰‚ÓÍ‡Ú

layv 1. as for eggs ÌÂÒÚËÒ¸v 2. put ÔÓÎÓÊËÚ¸adj lazy ÎÂÌË‚˚È

leadv 1. go first ‚ÂÒÚËn 2. holder for a dog ÔÓ‚Ó‰ÓÍn leader ÎË‰Ân leadership ÎË‰ÂÒÚ‚Ón leaf ÎËÒÚv leak ÔÓÚÂÍ‡Ú¸

leanv 1. incline ÒÍÎÓÌˇÚ¸Òˇadj 2. thin ıÛ‰ÓÈv leap Ô˚„‡Ú¸n leap year ‚ËÒÓÍÓÒÌ˚È „Ó‰v learn Û˜ËÚ¸Òˇpt v learnt *see learnadj least Ì‡ËÏÂÌ¸¯ËÈn leather ÍÓÊ‡

leavev 1. separate from ÛıÓ‰ËÚ¸n 2. time off ÓÚÔÛÒÍphr v 3. leave alone ÓÒÚ‡‚ËÚ¸ ‚ ÔÓÍÓÂphr v 4. leave on ÓÚÔÛÒÍ‡Ú¸ Ì‡phr v 5. leave out ÌÂ ‚ÍÎ˛˜‡Ú¸pt v led *see leadpt v left *see leaveadj left (opposite of right) ÎÂ‚˚Èadj left-handed ÎÂ‚¯‡n leg ÌÓ„‡n lemon ÎËÏÓÌv lend ‰‡‚‡Ú¸ ‚Á‡ÈÏ˚n length ‰ÎËÌ‡pt v lent *see lendadv less ÏÂÌ¸¯Â

37

lesson – lizard

n lesson ÛÓÍlet

v 1. allow ÔÓÁ‚ÓÎˇÚ¸v 2. rent Ò‰‡‚‡Ú¸ ‚Ì‡ÂÏ

lettern 1. as of alphabet ·ÛÍ‚‡n 2. correspondence ÔËÒ¸ÏÓn letterbox ÔÓ˜ÚÓ‚˚È ˇ˘ËÍn lettuce Ò‡Î‡Úadj level Ó‚Ì˚Èn liar Î„ÛÌn library ·Ë·ÎËÓÚÂÍ‡n licence Ô‡‚‡v lick ÎËÁ‡Ú¸n lid Í˚¯Í‡

liev 1. tell untruths Î„‡Ú¸phr v 2. lie down ÎÓÊËÚ¸Òˇn life ÊËÁÌ¸n lifesaver ÒÔ‡Ò‡ÚÂÎ¸

liftv 1. raise ÔÓ‰ÌËÏ‡Ú¸n 2. elevator ÎËÙÚn 3. car ride ÔÓ‰‚ÓÁ ÍÓ„Ó-ÎË·Ó

lightn 1. opposite of darkness Ò‚ÂÚn 2. as for electric light ÓÒ‚Â˘ÂÌËÂadj 3. not dark Ò‚ÂÚÎ˚Èadj 4. not heavy ÎÂ„ÍËÈn lighter (as for cigarettes) Á‡ÊË„‡ÎÍ‡n lightning ÏÓÎÌËˇ

likev 1. be fond of Î˛·ËÚ¸ prep 2. similar to ÔÓ‰Ó·ÌÓn limit ÔÂ‰ÂÎn line ÎËÌËˇn lip „Û·‡n liquid ÊË‰ÍÓÒÚ¸n list ÒÔËÒÓÍv listen ÒÎÛ¯‡Ú¸pt v lit *see lightn litter ÏÛÒÓadj little Ï‡ÎÂÌ¸ÍËÈ

livev 1. exist ÊËÚ¸ adj 2. opposite of dead ÊË‚ÓÈn living (job) ÒÂ‰ÒÚ‚‡ Í ÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚Ó‚‡ÌË˛n living room „ÓÒÚËÌ‡ˇ n lizard ˇ˘ÂËˆ‡

38

load – lunch

v load Á‡„ÛÊ‡Ú¸n lobster ÓÏ‡

localn 1. person from a particular area ÏÂÒÚÌ˚È ÊËÚÂÎ¸adj 2. pertaining to an area ÏÂÒÚÌ˚Èn location ÏÂÒÚÓÔÓÎÓÊÂÌËÂ v lock Á‡ÔË‡Ú¸ Ì‡ Á‡ÏÓÍn log (wood) ·Â‚ÌÓn lolly ÎÂ‰ÂÌÂâdj lonely Ó‰ËÌÓÍËÈ

longadj 1. opposite of short ‰ÎËÌÌ˚È phr v 2. long for (want) ÒÚ‡ÒÚÌÓ ÊÂÎ‡Ú¸ phrase 3. How long?(as time) K‡Í ‰ÓÎ„Ó?phrase 4. How long?(as length) K‡ÍÓÈ ‰ÎËÌ˚?phrase 5. long ago ‰‡‚ÌÓ

lookn 1. glance ‚Á„Îˇ‰ phr v 2. look at ÒÏÓÚÂÚ¸ Ì‡phr v 3. look after Á‡·ÓÚËÚ¸Òˇphr v 4. look for ËÒÍ‡Ú¸phr v 5. look forward to ÓÊË‰‡Ú¸ phr v 6. look up to ÒÏÓÚÂÚ¸ ÔÓ˜ÚËÚÂÎ¸ÌÓ phrase 7. look like (resemble) ·˚Ú¸ ÔÓıÓÊËÏadj loose Ò‚Ó·Ó‰Ì˚È

losev 1. opposite of find ÚÂˇÚ¸v 2. opposite of win ÔÓË„˚‚‡Ú¸phrase 3. she lost her mother ÂÂ Ï‡Ú¸ ÛÏÂÎ‡

(her mother died)

n loss ÔÓÚÂˇpt v lost *see lose

lotn 1. destiny ÒÛ‰¸·‡phrase 2. a lot of ÏÌÓ„Óadj loud „ÓÏÍËÈn lounge room ıÓÎÎ

loven 1. passionate affection Î˛·Ó‚¸v 2. feel passionate Î˛·ËÚ¸adj low ÌËÁÍËÈn lower case ÒÚÓ˜Ì˚Â ·ÛÍ‚˚adj loyal ‚ÂÌ˚Èn luck Û‰‡˜‡adj lucky Û‰‡˜ÎË‚˚Èn lump „Î˚·‡n lunch Ó·Â‰

39

machine – match

M n machine Ï‡¯ËÌ‡

madadj 1. angry ‡ÒÒÂÊÂÌÌ˚Èadj 2. insane ·ÂÁÛÏÌ˚Ècolloq phr 3. mad about (loves) ÒÚ‡ÒÚÌÓ ‚Î˛·ÎÂÌÌ˚Èn madam „ÓÒÔÓÊ‡pt v made *see maken magazine ÊÛÌ‡În magic ‚ÓÎ¯Â·ÒÚ‚Ón magpie ÒÓÓÍ‡

mailn 1. correspondence ÍÓÂÒÔÓÌ‰ÂÌˆËˇv 2. send ÔÓÒ˚Î‡Ú¸adj main „Î‡‚Ì˚È

makev 1. manufacture ËÁ„ÓÚ‡‚ÎË‚‡Ú¸ phrase 2. make the bed ÒÚÂÎËÚ¸ ÔÓÒÚÂÎ¸phrase 3. make friends Á‡‚Ó‰ËÚ¸ ‰ÛÁÂÈphr v 4. make up (reconcile) ÔËÏËËÚ¸Òˇn make-up ÍÓÒÏÂÚËÍ‡ adj male ÏÛÊÒÍÓÈn mammal ÏÎÂÍÓÔËÚ‡˛˘ÂÂn man ˜ÂÎÓ‚ÂÍv manage ÒÔ‡‚ÎˇÚ¸Òˇn manager ÏÂÌÂ‰ÊÂn mandarin Ï‡Ì‰‡ËÌn mango Ï‡Ì„Ón manner (way) ÏÂÚÓ‰n manners (pertaining to Ï‡ÌÂ˚

polite behaviour)

v manufacture ËÁ„ÓÚ‡‚ÎË‚‡Ú¸adj many ÏÌÓ„ËÂn map Í‡Ú‡n margin (of a book) ÔÓÎÂn marijuana Ï‡ËıÛ‡Ì‡

markv 1. correct ÔÓ‚ÂˇÚ¸ n 2. numerical value for work ÓÚÏÂÚÍ‡n 3. spot ÔˇÚÌÓn market ˚ÌÓÍn marriage ·‡Ív marry ÊÂÌËÚ¸Òˇn mat ˆËÌÓ‚Í‡

matchv 1. suit ÔÓ‰ıÓ‰ËÚ¸ n 2. implement for lighting ÒÔË˜Í‡

40

mate – midday

n 3. game Ë„‡n mate (friend) ÚÓ‚‡Ë˘n material Ï‡ÚÂË‡În mathematics Ï‡ÚÂÏ‡ÚËÍ‡ abbrev maths *see mathematics

mattern 1. substance ‚Â˘ÂÒÚ‚Óphrase 2. What’s the matter? ¬ ˜ÂÏ ‰ÂÎÓ?phrase 3. It matters a lot ›ÚÓ ËÏÂÂÚ ·ÓÎ¸¯ÓÂ ÁÌ‡˜ÂÌËÂv may (allowed to) ÏÓ˜¸ adv maybe ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌÓpron me ÏÂÌˇ n meal ÔË˘‡

meanv 1. intend Ì‡ÏÂÂ‚‡Ú¸Òˇ n 2. average ÒÂ‰ÌÂÂ ˜ËÒÎÓphrase 3. I didn’t mean it (accidental) fl ÌÂ ıÓÚÂÎn meaning ÁÌ‡˜ÂÌËÂn means (resources) ÒÂ‰ÒÚ‚‡pt v meant *see meanadv meanwhile ÚÂÏ ‚ÂÏÂÌÂÏv measure ÏÂ‡n measurement ËÁÏÂÂÌËÂn meat ÏˇÒÓn meat pie ÏˇÒÌÓÈ ÔËÓ„n mechanic ÏÂı‡ÌËÍn medication ÎÂÍ‡ÒÚ‚‡n medicine ÏÂ‰ËˆËÌ‡adj medium ÒÂ‰ÌËÈv meet ‚ÒÚÂ˜‡Ú¸Òˇn melon ‰˚Ìˇv melt Ú‡ˇÚ¸n member ˜ÎÂÌv memorise Á‡ÔÓÏËÌ‡Ú¸n memory Ô‡ÏˇÚ¸v mend ˜ËÌËÚ¸adj mental ÛÏÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚Èv mention ÛÔÓÏËÌ‡Ú¸

menun 1. list in restaurant ÏÂÌ˛n 2. list on a computer ÏÂÌ˛n mess ·ÂÒÔÓˇ‰ÓÍn message ÒÓÓ·˘ÂÌËÂpt v met *see meetn metal ÏÂÚ‡ÎÎn method ÏÂÚÓ‰n microscope ÏËÍÓÒÍÓÔn microwave (oven) ÏËÍÓ‚ÓÎÌÓ‚‡ˇ ÔÂ˜¸n midday ÔÓÎ‰ÂÌ¸

41

middle – moist

middleadj 1. central ˆÂÌÚ‡Î¸Ì˚Èn 2. centre ÒÂÂ‰ËÌ‡adj middle-aged ÒÂ‰ÌËı ÎÂÚn midnight ÔÓÎÌÓ˜¸

mightv 1. express possibility ÏÓ„ ·˚n 2. strength ÒËÎ‡n migrant ÏË„‡ÌÚadj mild ÛÏÂÂÌÌ˚Èn military ‚ÓÂÌÌ˚Èn milk ÏÓÎÓÍÓn milkbar Î‡‚Í‡

mindn 1. consciousness ÛÏphrase 2. Keep in mind »ÏÂÈÚÂ ‚ ‚Ë‰Ûphrase 3. Never mind (don’t worry) »Ë˜Â„Óphrase 4. I don’t mind fl ÌÂ ‚ÓÁ‡Ê‡˛phrase 5. Mind the step (be careful) ŒÚÓÓÊÌÓ, ÒÚÛÔÂÌ¸ÍË

minepron 1. possessive ÏÓÈn 2. underground excavation ¯‡ıÚ‡n mineral ÏËÌÂ‡În minister (government) ÏËÌËÒÚprep minus ÏËÌÛÒ

minuten 1. unit of time ÏËÌÛÚ‡adj 2. very small ÏÂÎÍËÈn mirror ÁÂÍ‡ÎÓadj miserable ÌÂÒ˜‡ÒÚÌ˚Èv misplace ÔÓÎÓÊËÚ¸ ÌÂ Ì‡ ÏÂÒÚÓ

missn 1. woman’s title ÏËÒÒv 2. long for ÒÍÛ˜‡Ú¸ v 3. opposite of hit ÔÓÔÛÒÍ‡Ú¸adj missing ÓÚÒÛÚÒÚ‚Û˛˘ËÈn Missus ÏËÒÒËÒn Mister „ÓÒÔÓ‰ËÌn mistake Ó¯Ë·Í‡v misunderstand ÌÂÔ‡‚ËÎ¸ÌÓ ËÒÚÓÎÍÓ‚‡Ú¸v mix ÏÂ¯‡Ú¸n mixture ÒÏÂÒ¸n mobile phone ÔÓÚ‡ÚË‚Ì˚È ÚÂÎÂÙÓÌ, ÏÓ·‡ÈÎ

modeln 1. representation ÏÓ‰ÂÎ¸ n 2. person who shows clothes ÊË‚‡ˇ ÏÓ‰ÂÎ¸adj modern ÒÓ‚ÂÏÂÌÌ˚Èadj modest ÒÍÓÏÌ˚Èadj moist ‚Î‡ÊÌ˚È

42

moment – naked

n moment ÏÓÏÂÌÚn money ‰ÂÌ¸„Ën monitor (computer) ÏÓÌËÚÓ n month ÏÂÒˇˆn mood (frame of mind) Ì‡ÒÚÓÂÌËÂ n moon ÎÛÌ‡adj moral ÏÓ‡Î¸Ì˚Èadv more ·ÓÎ¸¯Ân morning ÛÚÓn mosque ÏÂ˜ÂÚ¸adj most Ì‡Ë·ÓÎ¸¯ËÈn mother Ï‡Ú¸n motor ‰‚Ë„‡ÚÂÎ¸n motor bike ÏÓÚÓˆËÍÎn motor scooter ÒÍÛÚÂ

mousen 1. animal Ï˚¯¸n 2. computer part Ï˚¯Í‡phrase mouse button (computer) ÍÌÓÔÍ‡ Ï˚¯ÍËn mousepad ÍÓ‚ËÍ ‰Îˇ Ï˚¯ÍËn moustache ÛÒ˚n mouth ÓÚv move ‰‚Ë„‡Ú¸n movement ‰‚ËÊÂÌËÂn movie ÍËÌÓÙËÎ¸Ïabbrev Mr *see Misterabbrev Mrs *see Missusn Ms „ÓÒÔÓÊ‡adv much ÏÌÓ„Óadj multicultural ÏÌÓ„ÓÌ‡ˆËÓÌ‡Î¸Ì˚Èn multiplication ÛÏÌÓÊÂÌËÂv multiply ÛÏÌÓÊ‡Ú¸abbrev mum *see mother

murdern 1. unlawful killing Û·ËÈÒÚ‚Óv 2. kill unlawfully Û·Ë‚‡Ú¸n muscle ÏÛÒÍÛÎn mushroom „Ë·n music ÏÛÁ˚Í‡v must ‰ÓÎÊÂÌpron my ÏÓÈ n mystery Ú‡ÈÌ‡

Nn nag ‚Ó˜‡ÌËÂ

nailn 1. body part ÌÓ„ÓÚ¸n 2. metal spike „‚ÓÁ‰¸adj naked „ÓÎ˚È

43

name – nobody

namen 1. title Á‡„ÓÎÓ‚ÓÍphrase 2. given name ËÏˇphrase 3. family name Ù‡ÏËÎËˇadj narrow ÛÁÍËÈadj nasty ÔÓÚË‚Ì˚Èn nation Ì‡ˆËˇadj nationality Ì‡ˆËÓÌ‡Î¸Ì‡ˇ ÔËÌ‡‰ÎÂÊÌÓÒÚ¸adj native Ó‰ÌÓÈ

naturen 1. person’s character ı‡‡ÍÚÂn 2. environment ÔËÓ‰‡prep near ÓÍÓÎÓadv nearby ÔÓ·ÎËÁÓÒÚËadv nearly ÔÓ˜ÚËadj neat ÓÔˇÚÌ˚Èadj necessary ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏ˚Èn neck ¯Âˇv need ÌÛÊ‰‡Ú¸Òˇn needle Ë„Î‡

negativen 1. film ÌÂ„‡ÚË‚adj 2. opposite of positive ÓÚËˆ‡ÚÂÎ¸Ì˚Èv neglect ÔÂÌÂ·Â„‡Ú¸n neighbour ÒÓÒÂ‰adv neither ÌËÍ‡ÍÓÈn nerve ÌÂ‚adj nervous ‚ÓÁ·ÛÊ‰ÂÌÌ˚Èn nest „ÌÂÁ‰Ó

netn 1. trap ÒÂÚ¸n 2. sport equipment ÒÂÚÍ‡abbrev Net *see Internetn netball (game) ÌÂÚ·ÓÎadv never ÌËÍÓ„‰‡adj new ÌÓ‚˚Èn newspaper „‡ÁÂÚ‡

nextadv 1. after this Á‡ÚÂÏadj 2. following ÒÎÂ‰Û˛˘ËÈphrase 3. next door ÔÓ ÒÓÒÂ‰ÒÚ‚Ûadj nice ıÓÓ¯ËÈn night ÌÓ˜¸n nightclub ÌÓ˜ÌÓÈ ÍÎÛ·n night dress ‚Â˜ÂÌÂÂ ÔÎ‡Ú¸Â

noint 1. opposite yes ÌÂÚdet 2. not at all ÌËÒÍÓÎ¸ÍÓpron nobody ÌËÍÚÓ

44

nocturnal – obvious

adj nocturnal ÌÓ˜ÌÓÈv nod ÍË‚‡Ú¸n noise ¯ÛÏadv noisily ¯ÛÏÌÓadj noisy ¯ÛÏÌ˚Èpron none ÌË Ó‰ËÌn noon ÔÓÎ‰ÂÌ¸pron no-one ÌËÍÚÓconj nor ÌËadj normal ÌÓÏ‡Î¸Ì˚Èn north ÒÂ‚Ân nose ÌÓÒn nosebleed ÍÓ‚ÓÚÂ˜ÂÌËÂ ËÁ ÌÓÒÛadv not ÌÂÚ

noten 1. money ·‡ÌÍÌÓÚ‡n 2. short piece of writing Á‡ÔËÒÍ‡phrase 3. take note (be careful) ÒÏÓÚËÚÂphrase 4. take notes Á‡ÔËÒ˚‚‡Ú¸pron nothing ÌË˜ÚÓn notice Û‚Â‰ÓÏÎÂÌËÂn notice board ‰ÓÒÍ‡ ‰Îˇ Ó·˙ˇ‚ÎÂÌËÈn noun ÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚ËÚÂÎ¸ÌÓÂn novel ÓÏ‡Ìadv now ÚÂÔÂ¸adv nowadays ‚ Ì‡ÒÚÓˇ˘ÂÂ ‚ÂÏˇadv nowhere ÌË„‰Âadj nude „ÓÎ˚È

numbern 1. numeral ˆËÙ‡v 2. count Ò˜ËÚ‡Ú¸phrase 3. a number of ÌÂÒÍÓÎ¸ÍÓ abbrev 4. no.

n nurse ÏÂ‰ÒÂÒÚ‡nut

n 1. fruit ÓÂıcolloq 2. mad person ÒÛÏ‡Ò¯Â‰¯ËÈn nutrition ÔËÚ‡ÌËÂ

Oadj obedient ÔÓÒÎÛ¯Ì˚Èv obey ÔÓ‚ËÌÓ‚‡Ú¸Òˇ

objectn 1. thing ÔÂ‰ÏÂÚn 2. aim ˆÂÎ¸v 3. be against ‚ÓÁ‡Ê‡Ú¸n objection ‚ÓÁ‡ÊÂÌËÂv obtain ÔÓÎÛ˜‡Ú¸adj obvious Ó˜Â‚Ë‰Ì˚È

45

occasion – only

n occasion ÒÎÛ˜‡Èadv occasionally ËÌÓ„‰‡n occupation ÔÓÙÂÒÒËˇn ocean ÓÍÂ‡Ìadv o’clock ˜‡Ò

oddadj 1. strange ÒÚ‡ÌÌ˚Èphrase 2. odd number ÌÂ˜ÂÚÌÓÂ ˜ËÒÎÓprep of ËÁint of course ÍÓÌÂ˜ÌÓ

offadv 1. away from ‰‡ÎÂÍÓprep 2. opposite on ÓÚÍÎ˛˜ÂÌcolloq phr 3. Off you go! ƒ‚Ë„‡ÈÚÂÒ¸!n offence Ì‡Û¯ÂÌËÂ

offern 1. proposal ÔÂ‰ÎÓÊÂÌËÂv 2. present for approval ÔÂ‰Î‡„‡Ú¸n office ÓÙËÒn officer ˜ËÌÓ‚ÌËÍadj official ‰ÓÎÊÌÓÒÚÌÓÂ ÎËˆÓadv often ˜‡ÒÚÓint oh! Ó!

oiln 1. of petroleum ÌÂÙÚ¸v 2. grease ÊËint okay ıÓÓ¯Ó

oldadj 1. opposite new ÒÚ‡˚Èadj 2. opposite young ÒÚ‡˚Èn old age ÒÚ‡ÓÒÚ¸adj old-fashioned ÒÚ‡ÓÏÓ‰Ì˚È

onprep 1. representing location Ì‡ adj 2. opposite off ‚ÍÎ˛˜ÂÌphrase 3. on fire „Óˇ˘ËÈphrase 4. on foot ÔÂ¯ÍÓÏphrase 5. on time ‚Ó‚ÂÏˇphrase 6. on holidays ‚ ÓÚÔÛÒÍÂphrase 7. on the left ÒÎÂ‚‡phrase 8. on the right ÒÔ‡‚‡phrase 9. on top Ò‚ÂıÛ

onceadv 1. one time Ó‰Ì‡Ê‰˚phrase 2. at once Ò‡ÁÛ phrase 3. once a week Ó‰ËÌ ‡Á ‚ ÌÂ‰ÂÎ˛adj one Ó‰ËÌn onion ÎÛÍ adv only ÚÓÎ¸ÍÓ

46

open – overcrowded

openadj 1. opposite of closed ÓÚÍ˚Ú˚Èphrase 2. in the open (outside) ÒÌ‡ÛÊËn opening ÓÚÍ˚ÚËÂ

operatev 1. work ‡·ÓÚ‡Ú¸v 2. carry out surgery ÓÔÂËÓ‚‡Ú¸n operation ÓÔÂ‡ˆËˇ n opinion ÏÌÂÌËÂn opportunity ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌÓÒÚ¸v oppose ‚˚ÒÚÛÔËÚ¸ ÔÓÚË‚n opposite Ì‡ÔÓÚË‚

orangeadj 1. colour Ó‡ÌÊÂ‚˚Èn 2. fruit ‡ÔÂÎ¸ÒËÌn orchestra ÓÍÂÒÚ

ordern 1. numerical sequence ÔÓˇ‰ÓÍn 2. direction for a supply Á‡Í‡Áv 3. put in sequence ‡ÒÔÂ‰ÂÎËÚ¸v 4. arrange supply of Á‡Í‡Á˚‚‡Ú¸ adj ordinary Ó·˚˜Ì˚È

organn 1. musical instrument Ó„‡Ìn 2. body part Ó„‡Ìn organisation Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËˇv organise Ó„‡ÌËÁÓ‚˚‚‡Ú¸n origin ÔÓËÒıÓÊ‰ÂÌËÂpron other ‰Û„ÓÈconj otherwise ËÌ‡˜Âpron our Ì‡¯

outadv 1. opposite in ‚ÌÂprep 2. out of ËÁphrase 3. Lights out! Œ„ÌË ÔÓ„‡ÒËÚ¸!phrase 4. made out of Ò‰ÂÎ‡ÌÌ˚È ËÁphrase 5. out of bounds ‚ÌÂ ÔÂ‰ÂÎÓ‚phrase 6. out of date ÛÒÚ‡Â‚¯ËÈphrase 7. out of order ÌÂ ‚ ÔÓˇ‰ÍÂphrase 8. out of work ·ÂÁ ‡·ÓÚ˚adv outside ‚ÌÂ; Á‡adj oval (shape) Ó‚‡Î¸Ì˚È

overadv 1. finished Á‡ÍÓÌ˜ÂÌÓprep 2. pertaining to location Ì‡‰phrase 3. over and over ÏÌÓ„Ó ‡Á; cÌÓ‚‡ Ë ÒÌÓ‚‡phrase 4. over there Ú‡Ïphrase 5. fall over ÓÔÓÍË‰˚‚‡Ú¸Òˇadj overcrowded ÔÂÂÔÓÎÌÂÌÌ˚È

47

overdo – pass

v overdo ÔÂÂÛÒÂ‰ÒÚ‚Ó‚‡Ú¸adj overdue ÔÓÒÓ˜ÂÌÌ˚Èn overhead projector ÔÓ‰‚ÂÒÌÓÈ ÔÓÂÍÚÓ v overhear ÔÓ‰ÒÎÛ¯Ë‚‡Ú¸adj overnight ‚ÌÂÁ‡ÔÌÓadv overseas Á‡ „‡ÌËˆÂÈv oversleep ÔÓÒÔ‡Ú¸v overtake ‰Ó„ÓÌˇÚ¸v owe ·˚Ú¸ ‰ÓÎÊÌ˚Ïphrase owing to (due to) ‚ÒÎÂ‰ÒÚ‚ËÂ

ownv 1. have ‚Î‡‰ÂÚ¸phrase 2. his own money Ò‚ÓË ÒÓ·ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚Â ‰ÂÌ¸„Ën owner ‚Î‡‰ÂÎÂˆn oxygen ÍËÒÎÓÓ‰

Pv pack ÛÔ‡ÍÓ‚˚‚‡Ú¸phrase pack of cards ÍÓÎÓ‰‡ Í‡Ún packet Ô‡ÍÂÚn pad (as note-pad) ·ÎÓÍÌÓÚn paddock Á‡„ÓÌn page ÒÚ‡ÌËˆ‡pt v paid *see payn pain ·ÓÎ¸v paint ËÒÓ‚‡Ú¸n painting ÊË‚ÓÔËÒ¸n pair Ô‡‡adj pale ·ÎÂ‰Ì˚Èn pan Í‡ÒÚ˛Îˇn pants ¯Ú‡Ì˚n pantyhose ÍÓÎ„ÓÚÍËn paper ·ÛÏ‡„‡n paragraph Ô‡‡„‡Ùadj parallel Ô‡‡ÎÎÂÎ¸Ì˚Èn parallelogram Ô‡‡ÎÎÂÎÓ„‡Ïn parent Ó‰ËÚÂÎ¸

parkn 1. green space Ô‡Ív 2. as a car ÒÚ‡‚ËÚ¸ Ì‡ ÒÚÓˇÌÍÛn part ˜‡ÒÚ¸n participle (grammar) ÔË˜‡ÒÚËÂadj particular ÒÔÂˆËÙË˜ÂÒÍËÈn partner Ô‡ÚÌÂadj part-time ˜‡ÒÚË˜ÌÓ Á‡ÌˇÚ˚Èn party (gathering) ‚Â˜ÂËÌÍ‡

passv 1. go by ÔÓıÓ‰ËÚ¸v 2. opposite of fail Ò‰‡‚‡Ú¸

48

passage – persuade

v 3. hand over ÔÂÂ‰‡‚‡Ú¸n 4. train pass ÊÂÎÂÁÌÓ‰ÓÓÊÌ˚È ·ËÎÂÚn passage ÔÓıÓ‰n passenger Ô‡ÒÒ‡ÊËn passport Ô‡ÒÔÓÚ

pastn 1. time gone by ÔÓ¯ÎÓÂphrase 2. walk past ÔÓÈÚË ÏËÏÓphrase 3. half past three ÔÓÎÓ‚ËÌ‡ ˜ÂÚ‚ÂÚÓ„Óphrase 4. past tense ÔÓ¯Â‰¯ÂÂ ‚ÂÏˇn pasta Ô‡ÒÚ‡

pasten 1. glue ÍÎÂÈv 2. stick with paste ÒÍÎÂË‚‡Ú¸n path ÚÓÔ‡

patientn 1. a person under medical Ô‡ˆËÂÌÚ

treatment

adj 2. calm under stress ÚÂÔÂÎË‚˚Èn pause Ô‡ÛÁ‡n paw Î‡Ô‡

payn 1. earnings ÔÎ‡Ú‡v 2. provide with money ÔÎ‡ÚËÚ¸n pea „ÓÓ¯ËÌ‡n peace ÏËadj peaceful ÏËÌ˚Èn pen ÔÂÓn pencil Í‡‡Ì‰‡¯n pencil case ÔÂÌ‡În penguin ÔËÌ„‚ËÌn pentagon ÔˇÚËÛ„ÓÎ¸ÌËÍn pepper ÔÂÂâdv per cent ÔÓˆÂÌÚn percentage ÔÓˆÂÌÚÌÓÂ ÒÓ‰ÂÊ‡ÌËÂadj perfect ÒÓ‚Â¯ÂÌÌ˚Èv perform ËÒÔÓÎÌˇÚ¸n perfume ‰ÛıËadv perhaps ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌÓ

periodn 1. school day division ÛÓÍn 2. pertaining to menstruation ÏÂÌÒÚÛ‡ˆËˇn 3. amount of time ÒÓÍn permission ‡ÁÂ¯ÂÌËÂ

permitn 1. licence ‡ÁÂ¯ÂÌËÂv 2. allow ‡ÁÂ¯‡Ú¸n person ˜ÂÎÓ‚ÂÍv persuade Û·ÂÊ‰‡Ú¸

49

pet – plate

n pet ‰ÓÏ‡¯ÌÂÂ ÊË‚ÓÚÌÓÂn petrol ·ÂÌÁËÌabbrev phone *see telephonen photocopy ÙÓÚÓÍÓÔËˇ

photographn 1. picture ÙÓÚÓ„‡ÙËˇv 2. take a picture ÙÓÚÓ„‡ÙËÓ‚‡Ú¸n phrase Ù‡Á‡adj physical ÙËÁË˜ÂÒÍËÈn pianist ÔË‡ÌËÒÚn piano ÙÓÚÂÔ¸ˇÌÓ

pickv 1. choose ‚˚·Ë‡Ú¸colloq phr 2. pick on (bully) ‰‡ÁÌËÚ¸colloq phr 3. pick up some English Ì‡ı‚‡Ú‡Ú¸Òˇ ÌÂÏÌÓ„Ó ‡Ì„ÎËÈÒÍÓ„Ó ˇÁ˚Í‡phrase 4. take your pick ‚˚·Ë‡ÈÚÂn picnic ÔËÍÌËÍn picture Í‡ÚËÌ‡n piece ˜‡ÒÚ¸; ÍÛÒÓÍn pile „Û‰‡n pill ÔËÎ˛Îˇn pillow ÔÓ‰Û¯Í‡n pilot ÔËÎÓÚn pin ¯Ú˚ÂÍn pineapple ‡Ì‡Ì‡Òn pipe ÚÛ·‡

pityn 1. shame Ê‡ÎÓÒÚ¸v 2. feel sorry for Ê‡ÎÂÚ¸

placen 1. location ÏÂÒÚÓv 2. put ÔÓÏÂ˘‡Ú¸phrase 3. take place (occur) ÔÓËÒıÓ‰ËÚ¸phrase 4. my place (home) ÏÓÈ ‰ÓÏ

plainn 1. field ‡‚ÌËÌ‡adj 2. ordinary Ó·˚˜Ì˚Èphrase 3. It’s plain (clear) ›ÚÓ ˇÒÌÓ

plann 1. scheme ÔÎ‡Ìv 2. organise ÔÎ‡ÌËÓ‚‡Ú¸abbrev plane *see aeroplanen planet ÔÎ‡ÌÂÚ‡n plant ‡ÒÚÂÌËÂ

plasticn 1. resinous substance ÔÎ‡ÒÚÏ‡ÒÒÓ‚˚Èadj 2. mouldable ÔÎ‡ÒÚÏ‡ÒÒ‡n plate (household item) Ú‡ÂÎÍ‡

50

platform – pool

platformn 1. on station ÔÂÓÌn 2. for diving ‚˚¯Í‡n platypus ÔÎ‡ÚÓÔÛÒ

playn 1. drama Ô¸ÂÒ‡v 2. have fun Á‡·‡‚ÎˇÚ¸Òˇphrase 3. play a game Ò˚„‡Ú¸ Ô‡ÚË˛phrase 4. play a CD ÔÓÒÚ‡‚ËÚ¸ ÍÓÏÔ‡ÍÚ-‰ËÒÍn playground ‰ÂÚÒÍ‡ˇ ÔÎÓ˘‡‰Í‡adj pleasant ÔËˇÚÌ˚Èint please ÔÓÊ‡ÎÛÈÒÚ‡adj pleased ‰Ó‚ÓÎ¸Ì˚Èn pleasure Û‰Ó‚ÓÎ¸ÒÚ‚ËÂn plenty ÏÌÓÊÂÒÚ‚Ó

plugn 1. stopper ÔÓ·Í‡n 2. electrical ¯ÚÂÔÒÂÎ¸Ì‡ˇ ‚ËÎÍ‡phr v 3. plug in ‚ÒÚ‡‚ÎˇÚ¸ ‚ËÎÍÛ

pluraladj 1. more than one ÏÌÓÊÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚Èn 2. grammar form ÏÌÓÊÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓÂ ˜ËÒÎÓprep plus ÔÎ˛Ò

pocketn 1. pouch Í‡Ï‡Ìn 2. pocket money Í‡Ï‡ÌÌ˚Â ‰ÂÌ¸„Ën poem ÔÓ˝Ï‡n poet ÔÓ˝Ún poetry ÔÓ˝ÁËˇ

pointn 1. sharp end ÍÓÌ˜ËÍ; ÓÒÚËÂn 2. reason ÒÛÚ¸n 3. numerical value ÚÓ˜Í‡v 4. gesture with finger ÔÓÍ‡Á˚‚‡Ú¸phr v 5. point out ÛÍ‡Á˚‚‡Ú¸phrase 6. point of view ÚÓ˜Í‡ ÁÂÌËˇv poke ÚÍÌÛÚ¸n pole ÔÓÎ˛Òn police ÔÓÎËˆËˇ

polishn 1. substance used for shining ÔÓÎËÚÛ‡v 2. make glossy ÔÓÎËÓ‚‡Ú¸adj polite ‚ÂÊÎË‚˚Èn politics ÔÓÎËÚËÍ‡v pollute Á‡„ˇÁÌˇÚ¸n pollution Á‡„ˇÁÌÂÌËÂn pool (of water) ·‡ÒÒÂÈÌ

51

poor – preparation

pooradj 1. opposite rich ·Â‰Ì˚Èadj 2. not very good ÔÎÓıÓÈcolloq 3. pitiable Ê‡ÎÍËÈabbrev pop *see popularadj popular ÔÓÔÛÎˇÌ˚Èn population Ì‡ÒÂÎÂÌËÂ

positionn 1. location ÏÂÒÚÓÌ‡ıÓÊ‰ÂÌËÂ n 2. viewpoint on ÚÓ˜Í‡ ÁÂÌËˇ Ì‡

positiveadj 1. opposite negative ÔÓÎÓÊËÚÂÎ¸Ì˚Èadj 2. sure Û‚ÂÂÌÌ˚Èv possess Ó·Î‡‰‡Ú¸n possession ‚Î‡‰ÂÌËÂadj possible ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌ˚Èn possum ÓÔÓÒÒÛÏv post ÓÚÔ‡‚ÎˇÚ¸ ÔÓ ÔÓ˜ÚÂ n postage stamp ÔÓ˜ÚÓ‚‡ˇ Ï‡Í‡n postcard ÓÚÍ˚ÚÍ‡n post office ÔÓ˜ÚÓ‚ÓÂ ÓÚ‰ÂÎÂÌËÂn poster ÔÎ‡Í‡Ún pot (container) „Ó¯ÓÍ n potato Í‡ÚÓÙÂÎ¸n pot plant „Ó¯Â˜Ì‡ˇ ÍÛÎ Ú̧Û‡n pouch ÏÂ¯Ó˜ÂÍn powder ÔÓÓ¯ÓÍ

powern 1. strength ÒËÎ‡phrase 2. in power (in charge) Û ‚Î‡ÒÚËadj powerful ÏÓ˘Ì˚Èphrase power point ÓÁÂÚÍ‡adj practical Ô‡ÍÚË˜ÂÒÍËÈn practice Ô‡ÍÚËÍ‡v practise Ô‡ÍÚËÍÓ‚‡Ú¸

praisen 1. approval ÔÓı‚‡Î‡v 2. express approval ı‚‡ÎËÚ¸v pray ÏÓÎËÚ¸Òˇn prayer ÏÓÎËÚ‚‡adj precious ‰‡„ÓˆÂÌÌ˚Èv prefer ÔÂ‰ÔÓ˜ËÚ‡Ú¸adj pregnant ·ÂÂÏÂÌÌ‡ˇn prejudice ÔÂ‰Û·ÂÊ‰ÂÌËÂ

premiern 1. state government leader ÔÂÏ¸Âadj 2. leading ‚Â‰Û˘ËÈn preparation ÔÓ‰„ÓÚÓ‚Í‡

52

prepare – progress

v prepare „ÓÚÓ‚ËÚ¸Òˇn preposition ÔÂ‰ÎÓ„n prescription (doctor’s) ÂˆÂÔÚ

presentn 1. gift ÔÓ‰‡ÓÍv 2. give out ‡Á‰‡‚‡Ú¸adj 3. opposite absent ÔËÒÛÚÒÚ‚Û˛˘ËÈphrase 4. at present (now) ÒÂÈ˜‡Òn president ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ

pressn 1. media ÔÂÒÒ‡v 2. push Ì‡ÊËÏ‡Ú¸v pretend ÔËÚ‚ÓˇÚ¸Òˇadj pretty Í‡ÒË‚˚Èv prevent ÔÂ‰ÓÚ‚‡˘‡Ú¸adj previous ÔÂ‰˚‰Û˘ËÈn price ˆÂÌ‡v prick ÍÓÎÓÚ¸n pride „Ó‰ÓÒÚ¸adj primary ÔÂ‚Ë˜Ì˚Èn primary school Ì‡˜‡Î¸Ì‡ˇ ¯ÍÓÎ‡n prime minister ÔÂÏ¸Â-ÏËÌËÒÚ

principaln 1. school head ‰ËÂÍÚÓadj 2. leading ‚Â‰Û˘ËÈn principle ÔËÌˆËÔ

printv 1. of handwriting ÔËÒ‡Ú¸ ÔÂ˜‡ÚÌ˚ÏË ·ÛÍ‚‡ÏËv 2. of machine ÔÂ˜‡Ú‡Ú¸n printer (computer) ÔËÌÚÂ n prison Ú˛¸Ï‡adj private ˜‡ÒÚÌ˚Èn prize ÔËÁn probability ‚ÂÓˇÚÌÓÒÚ¸adj probable ‚ÂÓˇÚÌ˚Èadv probably ‚ÂÓˇÚÌÓn problem ÔÓ·ÎÂÏ‡v proceed ÔÂÂÈÚËn process ÔÓˆÂÒÒn procession ÔÓˆÂÒÒËˇ

producen 1. yield ÔÓ‰ÛÍˆËˇv 2. make ÔÓËÁ‚Ó‰ËÚ¸n product ËÁ‰ÂÎËÂn profession ÔÓÙÂÒÒËˇn professor ÔÓÙÂÒÒÓn profit ÔË·˚Î¸n program ÔÓ„‡ÏÏ‡n progress ÔÓ„ÂÒÒ

53

project – pyjamas

n project (as school project) Á‡‰‡ÌËÂpromise

n 1. assurance Ó·Â˘‡ÌËÂv 2. vow Ó·Â˘‡Ú¸n pronoun ÏÂÒÚÓËÏÂÌËÂv pronounce Ó·˙ˇ‚ÎˇÚ¸n pronunciation ÔÓËÁÌÓ¯ÂÌËÂ n proof ‰ÓÍ‡Á‡ÚÂÎ¸ÒÚ‚Óadj proper Ì‡‰ÎÂÊ‡˘ËÈadv properly ‰ÓÎÊÌ˚Ï Ó·‡ÁÓÏn property ÒÓ·ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓÒÚ¸v protect Á‡˘Ë˘‡Ú¸n protection Á‡˘ËÚ‡

protestn 1. objection ‚ÓÁ‡ÊÂÌËÂv 2. object ÔÓÚÂÒÚÓ‚‡Ú¸adj proud „Ó‰˚Èv prove ‰ÓÍ‡Á˚‚‡Ú¸v provide Ó·ÂÒÔÂ˜Ë‚‡Ú¸n pub Ô‡·adj public Ó·˘ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚Èn public school „ÓÒÛ‰‡ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ‡ˇ ¯ÍÓÎ‡phrase public transport Ó·˘ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚È Ú‡ÌÒÔÓÚ

pullv 1. tug ÚˇÌÛÚ¸phr v 2. pull down (demolish) ÒÌÓÒËÚ¸phr v 3. pull up (stop) ÓÒÚ‡Ì‡‚ÎË‚‡Ú¸colloq phr 4. pull oneself together ‚ÁˇÚ¸ ÒÂ·ˇ ‚ ÛÍËn pump Ì‡ÒÓÒadj punctual ÔÛÌÍÚÛ‡Î¸Ì˚Èv punish Ì‡Í‡Á˚‚‡Ú¸n punishment Ì‡Í‡Á‡ÌËÂ

pupiln 1. eye part Á‡˜ÓÍn 2. school student Û˜ÂÌËÍadj pure ˜ËÒÚ˚Èadj purple ÙËÓÎÂÚÓ‚˚È

pushv 1. exert force ÚÓÎÍ‡Ú¸phr v 2. push in (go before your turn) ÔÓÎÂÁ‡Ú¸ ‚ÔÂÂ‰

putv 1. place ÔÓÏÂ˘‡Ú¸phr v 2. put away (pack up) Û·Ë‡Ú¸phr v 3. put off (delay) ÓÚÍÎ‡‰˚‚‡Ú¸phr v 4. put on (dress in) Ì‡‰Â‚‡Ú¸phr v 5. put out (as fire) „‡ÒËÚ¸phr v 6. put up with (endure) ÏËËÚ¸Òˇ Òn puzzle ÔÓ·ÎÂÏ‡n pyjamas ÔËÊ‡Ï‡

54

pyramid – realise

n pyramid ÔË‡ÏË‰‡

Q v qualify (make competent) Ó·Û˜‡Ú¸adj quality Í‡˜ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚Èn quantity ÍÓÎË˜ÂÒÚ‚Óv quarrel ÒÒÓËÚ¸Òˇn quarter Í‚‡Ú‡În queen ÍÓÓÎÂ‚‡n question ‚ÓÔÓÒn queue Ó˜ÂÂ‰¸adj quick ·˚ÒÚ˚Èadv quickly ·˚ÒÚÓadj quiet ÚËıËÈadv quietly ÒÔÓÍÓÈÌÓv quit ÔÓÍË‰‡Ú¸adv quite ÒÓ‚Â¯ÂÌÌÓ

R race

n 1. competition ÒÓÒÚˇÁ‡ÌËÂ ‚ ·Â„Ân 2. ethnicity ‡Ò‡v 3. compete ÒÓÂ‚ÌÓ‚‡Ú¸Òˇn racism ‡ÒËÁÏn radio ‡‰ËÓn radius ‡‰ËÛÒn railing Ó„‡Ê‰ÂÌËÂn railway ÊÂÎÂÁÌ‡ˇ ‰ÓÓ„‡n rain ‰ÓÊ‰¸n rain coat ‰ÓÊ‰Â‚ËÍv raise ÔÓ‰ÌËÏ‡Ú¸pt v ran *see runpt v rang *see ringn range ‰Ë‡Ô‡ÁÓÌ v rank ÒÚÓËÚ¸ ‚ ¯ÂÂÌ„Ûadj rapid ·˚ÒÚ˚Èadj rare Â‰ÍËÈn rash (skin eruption) Ò˚Ô¸adv rather (to a certain extent) ‰Ó‚ÓÎ¸ÌÓadj raw Ò˚ÓÈ

reachv 1. arrive at ‰Ó·Ë‡Ú¸Òˇ ‰Óphrase 2. out of reach (unobtainable) ‚ÌÂ ‰ÓÒˇ„‡ÂÏÓÒÚËv react Â‡„ËÓ‚‡Ú¸n reaction Â‡ÍˆËˇv read ˜ËÚ‡Ú¸adj ready „ÓÚÓ‚˚Èadj real Â‡Î¸Ì˚Èv realise ÔÓÌËÏ‡Ú¸

55

really – republic

adv really ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÚÂÎ¸ÌÓadj rear Á‡‰ÌËÈn reason ÔË˜ËÌ‡v receive (get) ÔÓÎÛ˜‡Ú¸adj recent ÌÂ‰‡‚ÌËÈn recess (morning tea) ÔÂÂ˚‚colloq reckon (think or suppose) ‰ÛÏ‡Ú¸v recognise ÛÁÌ‡‚‡Ú¸v record Á‡ÔËÒ˚‚‡Ú¸

recountn 1. story genre ÔÓ‰Ó·ÌÓÂ ËÁÎÓÊÂÌËÂv 2. narrate ‡ÒÒÍ‡Á˚‚‡Ú¸

recoverv 1. get back ‚ÓÁ‚‡˘‡Ú¸v 2. get better ÔÓÔ‡‚ÎˇÚ¸Òˇn rectangle ÔˇÏÓÛ„ÓÎ¸ÌËÍadj red Í‡ÒÌ˚Èv reduce ÛÏÂÌ¸¯‡Ú¸v refer ÒÒ˚Î‡Ú¸Òˇn referee ÒÛ‰¸ˇn refrigerator ıÓÎÓ‰ËÎ¸ÌËÍn refugee ·ÂÊÂÌÂˆv refuse ÓÚÍ‡Á˚‚‡Ú¸n region Ó·Î‡ÒÚ¸v regret ÒÓÊ‡ÎÂÚ¸adj regular Â„ÛÎˇÌ˚Èadv regularly Â„ÛÎˇÌÓn relation (kin) Ó‰ÒÚ‚Ón relationship Ó‰ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚Â ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËˇn relative Ó‰ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌËÍv relax ‡ÒÒÎ‡·ÎˇÚ¸n religion ÂÎË„Ëˇv remain ÓÒÚ‡‚‡Ú¸Òˇn remark Á‡ÏÂ˜‡ÌËÂv remember ÔÓÏÌËÚ¸v remind Ì‡ÔÓÏËÌ‡Ú¸n reminder Ì‡ÔÓÏËÌ‡ÌËÂv remove Û‰‡ÎˇÚ¸

rentn 1. payment for accommodation ‡ÂÌ‰Ì‡ˇ ÔÎ‡Ú‡v 2. hire Ì‡ÌËÏ‡Ú¸v repeat ÔÓ‚ÚÓˇÚ¸v replace Á‡ÏÂÌˇÚ¸v reply ÓÚ‚Â˜‡Ú¸

reportn 1. written account ‰ÓÍÎ‡‰v 2. give an account ‰ÓÍÎ‡‰˚‚‡Ú¸n reporter ÂÔÓÚÂn republic ÂÒÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡

56

request – ring

requestn 1. petition ÔÓÒ¸·‡v 2. ask for ÔÓÒËÚ¸ v rescue ÒÔ‡Ò‡Ú¸

reserven 1. park Á‡ÔÓ‚Â‰ÌËÍv 2. keep aside ÒÓı‡ÌˇÚ¸ ‚ Á‡Ô‡ÒÂn resident ÔÓÒÚÓˇÌÌÓ ÔÓÊË‚‡˛˘ËÈn respect Û‚‡ÊÂÌËÂn responsibility ÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓÒÚ¸adj responsible ÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚È

restn 1. relaxation ÓÚ‰˚ıv 2. relax ÓÚ‰˚ı‡Ú¸n 3. remainder ÓÒÚ‡ÚÓÍn restaurant ÂÒÚÓ‡Ìn rest room ÚÛ‡ÎÂÚn result ÂÁÛÎ Ú̧‡Ú

returnn 1. arrival back ‚ÓÁ‚‡˘ÂÌËÂv 2. go back to ‚ÓÁ‚‡˘‡Ú¸Òˇ Í v 3. give back to ‚ÓÁ‚‡˘‡Ú¸phrase 4. return tickets ·ËÎÂÚ˚ ÚÛ‰‡ Ë Ó·‡ÚÌÓ

reverseadj 1. opposite forward Ó·‡ÚÌ˚Èv 2. go backwards Ë‰ÚË Ì‡Á‡‰v revise ËÒÔ‡‚ÎˇÚ¸

revolutionn 1. full circle ÔÓÎÌ˚È Ó·ÓÓÚn 2. war Â‚ÓÎ˛ˆËˇn reward Ì‡„‡‰‡n rhythm ËÚÏn ribbon ÎÂÌÚ‡n rice ËÒadj rich ·Ó„‡Ú˚Èv rid ËÁ·‡‚ÎˇÚ¸Òˇv ride ÂÁ‰ËÚ¸ ‚ÂıÓÏ

rightadj 1. opposite wrong Ô‡‚ËÎ¸Ì˚Èadj 2. opposite left Ô‡‚˚Èadv 3. direction Ì‡Ô‡‚Ón 4. just claim Ô‡‚Ó Ì‡phrase 5. all right (as for health) ‚ ‰Ó·ÓÏ Á‰‡‚ËËphrase 6. all right (as for agreement) ÒÓ„Î‡ÒÂÌphrase 7. right now (immediately) ÚÓÚ˜‡Ò ÊÂn right angle ÔˇÏÓÈ Û„ÓÎ

ringn 1. jewellery ÍÓÎ¸ˆÓv 2. as a phone Á‚ÓÌËÚ¸

57

ripe – run

v 3. as a bell Á‚ÓÌËÚ¸adj ripe ÒÔÂÎ˚È

risen 1. ascent ÔÓ‰˙ÂÏv 2. get up ÔÓ‰ÌËÏ‡Ú¸Òˇn risk ËÒÍn river ÂÍ‡n road ‰ÓÓ„‡v roar Â‚ÂÚ¸n robot Ó·ÓÚn rock ÒÍ‡Î‡n rockpool ÒÍ‡ÎËÒÚ˚È ÍÓÎÓ‰Âˆn rod ÔÛÚpt v rode *see ride

rolln 1. absentee list ÒÔËÒÓÍ ÓÚÒÛÚÒÚ‚Û˛˘Ëın 2. form of bread ·ÛÎÓ˜Í‡v 3. move by turning over ÔÂÂ‚ÂÌÛÚ¸Òˇn roof Í˚¯‡n room ÍÓÏÌ‡Ú‡n root ÍÓÂÌ¸n rope ‚ÂÂ‚Í‡

rosen 1. flower ÓÁ‡pt v 2. *see rise

adj rough „Û·˚Èround

adj 1. circular ÍÛ„Î˚Èphrase 2. round the corner Á‡ Û„ÎÓÏ

rown 1. arrangement in a line ˇ‰n 2. fight ·Ó¸·‡v 3. as a boat „ÂÒÚËadj royal ÍÓÓÎÂ‚ÒÍËÈv rub ÚÂÂÚ¸n rubber ÂÁËÌ‡n rubbish ÏÛÒÓadj rude „Û·˚Èv ruin ÍÛ¯ËÚ¸

rulen 1. regulation Ô‡‚ËÎÓv 2. as a line ÎËÌÓ‚‡Ú¸v 3. govern ÛÔ‡‚ÎˇÚ¸n ruler (school equipment) ÎËÌÂÈÍ‡

runv 1. move fast ·ÂÊ‡Ú¸phrase 2. a river runs into the ocean ÂÍ‡ ‚Ô‡‰‡ÂÚ ‚ ÓÍÂ‡Ìphr v 3. run away from Û·Â„‡Ú¸ ÓÚphr v 4. run out of ÍÓÌ˜‡Ú¸Òˇ

58

rung – scissors

phr v 5. run over (with a car) ÔÂÂÂı‡Ú¸n rung (of a ladder) ÒÚÛÔÂÌ¸Í‡n runner-up Û˜‡ÒÚÌËÍ ÒÓÒÚˇÁ‡ÌËˇ ËÎË ÍÓÏ‡Ì‰‡,

Á‡Ìˇ‚¯ËÂ ‚ÚÓÓÂ ÏÂÒÚÓphrase runny nose Ì‡ÒÏÓÍv rush ·ÓÒ‡Ú¸Òˇ

S adj sad „ÛÒÚÌ˚Èadj safe ·ÂÁÓÔ‡ÒÌ˚Èpt v said *see say

sailn 1. part of ship Ô‡ÛÒv 2. cause movement of ship Ë‰ÚË ÔÓ‰ Ô‡ÛÒ‡ÏË

using wind

n salad Ò‡Î‡Ún salary Ê‡ÎÓ‚‡Ì¸Ân sale ÔÓ‰‡Ê‡n salt ÒÓÎ¸adj same ÚÓÚ ÊÂ Ò‡Ï˚Èn sand ÔÂÒÓÍn sandal Ò‡Ì‰‡ÎËˇn sandwich ·ÛÚÂ·Ó‰pt v sang *see singpt v sat *see sitn satisfaction Û‰Ó‚ÎÂÚ‚ÓÂÌËÂadj satisfactory Û‰Ó‚ÎÂÚ‚ÓËÚÂÎ¸Ì˚Èadj satisfied Û‰Ó‚ÎÂÚ‚ÓÂÌÌ˚Èv satisfy Û‰Ó‚ÎÂÚ‚ÓˇÚ¸n sauce ÒÓÛÒn sausage ÍÓÎ·‡Ò‡

savev 1. rescue ÒÔ‡Ò‡Ú¸v 2. keep on computer ÒÓı‡ÌˇÚ¸v 3. keep as money ˝ÍÓÌÓÏËÚ¸

sawn 1. tool ÔËÎ‡pt v 2. *see see

v say „Ó‚ÓËÚ¸scale

n 1. covering on animals ˜Â¯Ûˇn 2. measuring device ‚ÂÒ˚adj scarce ÌÂ‰ÓÒÚ‡ÚÓ˜Ì˚Èn scarf ¯‡Ùn scene ÒˆÂÌ‡n scenery ÔÂÈÁ‡Ên school ¯ÍÓÎ‡n school shoe ¯ÍÓÎ¸Ì‡ˇ Ó·Û‚¸n science Ì‡ÛÍ‡n scissors ÌÓÊÌËˆ˚

59

score – set

scoren 1. points made in a game Ò˜ÂÚv 2. to get points Á‡·ËÚ¸ „ÓÎv scream ÍË˜‡Ú¸n screen ˝Í‡Ìn screw ‚ËÌÚn sea ÏÓÂn seagull ˜‡ÈÍ‡

searchn 1. the act of searching ÔÓËÒÍv 2. look for ËÒÍ‡Ú¸ n season ÒÂÁÓÌn seat ÏÂÒÚÓ

secondn 1. unit of time ÒÂÍÛÌ‰‡adj 2. after first ‚ÚÓÓÈadv secondly ‚Ó-‚ÚÓ˚ı

secretn 1. something hidden Ú‡ÈÌ‡adj 2. unknown by others ÒÂÍÂÚÌ˚Èn section ‡Á‰ÂÎv see ‚Ë‰ÂÚ¸n seed ÒÂÏˇv seek ËÒÍ‡Ú¸adv seldom Â‰ÍÓv select ‚˚·Ë‡Ú¸adj selfish ˝„ÓËÒÚË˜Ì˚Èv sell ÔÓ‰‡‚‡Ú¸v send ÔÓÒ˚Î‡Ú¸

sensen 1. one of the five faculties ˜Û‚ÒÚ‚Óphrase 2. make sense (be intelligible) ·˚Ú¸ ‡ÁÛÏÌ˚Ï adj sensible ‡ÁÛÏÌ˚Èpt v sent *see sendn sentence ÔÂ‰ÎÓÊÂÌËÂ

separateadj 1. disconnected ‡Á˙Â‰ÂÌÂÌÌ˚Èv 2. to keep apart ‡Á‰ÂÎˇÚ¸n sequence ÔÓÒÎÂ‰Ó‚‡ÚÂÎ¸ÌÓÒÚ¸n series ˇ‰

seriousadj 1. important ÒÂ¸ÂÁÌ˚Èadj 2. opposite of lighthearted ÒÂ¸ÂÁÌ˚Èn servant ÒÎÛ„‡v serve ÒÎÛÊËÚ¸n service Ó·ÒÎÛÊË‚‡ÌËÂ

setv 1. to put in a particular place ÔÓÏÂ˘‡Ú¸n 2. a group of things ÍÓÏÔÎÂÍÚ

60

settle – short cut

phr v 3. set off (go) ÓÚÔ‡‚ÎˇÚ¸Òˇphr v 4. set out (put in order) ‡ÒÍÎ‡‰˚‚‡Ú¸phr v 5. set up (prepare) ÔÓ‰„ÓÚ‡‚ÎË‚‡Ú¸

settlev 1. to live in ÔÓÒÂÎËÚ¸Òˇ ‚ phr v 2. settle on (agree on) ÒÓÈÚËÒ¸n settlement Á‡ÒÂÎÂÌËÂn settler ÔÓÒÂÎÂÌÂâdj several Í‡Ê‰˚Èv sew ¯ËÚ¸n sex ÔÓÎn sexism ‰ËÒÍËÏËÌ‡ˆËˇ ÔÓ ÔÓÎÛn shade ÓÚÚÂÌÓÍn shadow ÚÂÌ¸v shake ÚˇÒÚËv shall ·Û‰ÂÚadj shallow ÏÂÎÍËÈn shame ÔÓÁÓn shampoo ¯‡ÏÔÛÌ¸n shape ÙÓÏ‡

sharen 1. portion ˜‡ÒÚ¸v 2. divide up ‰ÂÎËÚ¸adj sharp ÓÒÚ˚Èn sharpener ÚÓ˜ËÎÓv shave ·ËÚ¸Òˇpron she ÓÌ‡n sheep Ó‚ˆ‡

sheetn 1. of paper ÎËÒÚn 2. of bedding ÔÓÒÚ˚Ìˇn shelf ÔÓÎÍ‡n shell (of sea) ‡ÍÓ‚ËÌ‡n shelter Û·ÂÊË˘Âv shine ÒËˇÚ¸adj shiny ·ÎÂÒÚˇ˘ËÈn ship ÒÛ‰ÌÓn shirt Û·‡¯Í‡n shock Û‰‡n shoe ÚÛÙÎˇv shoot ÒÚÂÎˇÚ¸

shopn 1. place to buy goods Ï‡„‡ÁËÌv 2. buy goods ‰ÂÎ‡Ú¸ ÔÓÍÛÔÍËn shore ·ÂÂ„

shortadj 1. opposite tall ÌËÁÍËÈadj 2. opposite long ÍÓÓÚÍËÈn short cut ÔÛÚ¸ Ì‡ÔˇÏËÍ

61

shorts – skate

n shorts (clothing) ¯ÓÚ˚ shot

n 1. gunfire ‚˚ÒÚÂÎpt v 2. *see shoot

v should ‰ÓÎÊÂÌv shout ÍË˜‡Ú¸v shove ÚÓÎÍ‡Ú¸

showv 1. display ÔÓÍ‡Á˚‚‡Ú¸n 2. as on TV ¯ÓÛphr v 3. show off (be pretentious) ËÒÓ‚‡Ú¸Òˇ

showern 1. weather condition ‰ÓÊ‰¸v 2. wash oneself ÔËÌËÏ‡Ú¸ ‰Û¯n 3. bathroom apparatus ‰Û¯Â‚‡ˇv shrink ÒÊËÏ‡Ú¸Òˇv shut Á‡Í˚‚‡Ú¸adj shy Á‡ÒÚÂÌ˜Ë‚˚Èadj sick ·ÓÎ¸ÌÓÈn sick bay ÍÓ‡·ÂÎ¸Ì˚È Î‡Á‡ÂÚn side ÒÚÓÓÌ‡adv sideways ·ÓÍÓÏn sight ‚Ë‰

signn 1. information board ‚˚‚ÂÒÍ‡v 2. write one’s signature ÔÓ‰ÔËÒ˚‚‡Ú¸n signal ÒË„Ì‡În signature ÔÓ‰ÔËÒ¸n sign language ÍËÌÂÚË˜ÂÒÍ‡ˇ Â˜¸n silence ÚË¯ËÌ‡adj silent ÏÓÎ˜‡ÎË‚˚Èn silk ¯ÂÎÍadj silly „ÎÛÔ˚Èn silver ÒÂÂ·Óadj similar ÔÓ‰Ó·Ì˚Èadj simple ÔÓÒÚÓÈv sing ÔÂÚ¸adj single Â‰ËÌÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚Èn singlet Ï‡ÈÍ‡n singular (grammatical) Â‰ËÌÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚È

sinkn 1. tub for washing ‡ÍÓ‚ËÌ‡v 2. go down ÚÓÌÛÚ¸n Sir (respectful form of address) Ò˝ n sister ÒÂÒÚ‡v sit ÒË‰ÂÚ¸

skatev 1. glide over the ground Í‡Ú‡Ú¸Òˇ Ì‡ ÍÓÌ¸Í‡ın 2. equipment for skating ÍÓÌÂÍ

62

skateboard – so

n skateboard ÒÍÂÈÚ·Ó‰n skateboarding Í‡Ú‡ÌËÂ Ì‡ ÒÍÂÈÚ·Ó‰Ân ski Î˚Ê‡n skiing Î˚ÊÌ˚È ÒÔÓÚadj skilful ËÒÍÛÒÌ˚Èn skill Ï‡ÒÚÂÒÚ‚Ón skin ÍÓÊ‡

skipv 1. jump Ô˚„‡Ú¸v 2. pass over ÔÓÔÛÒÚËÚ¸n skirt ˛·Í‡n sky ÌÂ·Ón slang ÒÎÂÌ„v slap ¯ÎÂÔ‡Ú¸n slave ‡·v sleep ÒÔ‡Ú¸adj sleepy ÒÓÌÌ˚Èpt v slept *see sleepn slice ÎÓÏÚËÍv slide ÒÍÓÎ¸ÁËÚ¸adj slim ÚÓÌÍËÈn sling Í‡Ì‡Úv slip ÒÍÓÎ¸ÁËÚ¸n slipper (type of shoe) Ú‡ÔÓ˜Í‡adj slippery ÒÍÓÎ¸ÁÍËÈv slit ‡ÁÂÁ‡Ú¸n slope Ì‡ÍÎÓÌ

slowadj 1. opposite fast ÏÂ‰ÎÂÌÌ˚Èadj 2. behind time ÓÚÒÚ‡˛˘ËÈadv slowly ÏÂ‰ÎÂÌÌÓadj small Ï‡ÎÂÌ¸ÍËÈadj smart (clever) ÛÏÌ˚Èv smash ‡Á·Ë‚‡Ú¸

smelln 1. odour Á‡Ô‡ıv 2. inhale an odour Ì˛ı‡Ú¸

smilen 1. facial expression ÛÎ˚·Í‡v 2. make facial expression ÛÎ˚·‡Ú¸Òˇ

smoken 1. visible substance from fire ‰˚Ïv 2. inhale a substance ÍÛËÚ¸adj smooth „Î‡‰ÍËÈn snack Á‡ÍÛÒÍ‡n snake ÁÏÂˇv sneeze ˜Ëı‡Ú¸n snow ÒÌÂ„conj so (consequently) Ú‡Í

63

soap – sphere

n soap Ï˚ÎÓn soccer ÙÛÚ·ÓÎn society Ó·˘ÂÒÚ‚Ón sock (clothing) ÌÓÒÓÍ

softadj 1. opposite hard Ïˇ„ÍËÈadj 2. opposite loud ÚËıËÈadv softly Ïˇ„ÍÓpt v sold *see sell

solidadj 1. three dimensional figure ÚÂıÏÂÌ˚Èn 2. matter that is not liquid or gas Ú‚Â‰ÓÂ ÚÂÎÓ

solutionn 1. answer Â¯ÂÌËÂn 2. mixture (scientific) ‡ÒÚ‚Óv solve Â¯‡Ú¸det some ÌÂÍÓÚÓ˚Ân somebody ÍÚÓ - ÚÓn someone ÍÚÓ - ÚÓadv sometimes ËÌÓ„‰‡n son Ò˚Ìn song ÔÂÒÌˇadv soon ÒÍÓÓ

soreadj 1. painful ·ÓÎÂÁÌÂÌÌ˚Èn 2. painful spot ·ÓÎˇ˜Í‡phrase 3. sore throat ‚ÓÒÔ‡ÎÂÌÌÓÂ „ÓÎÓadj sorry Ó„Ó˜ÂÌÌ˚Èv sort ÒÓÚËÓ‚‡Ú¸n soul ‰Û¯‡n sound Á‚ÛÍn soup ÒÛÔadj sour ÍËÒÎ˚Èn south ˛„

spacen 1. outside earth’s atmosphere ÍÓÒÏÓÒn 2. room ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÒÚ‚Ón spade ÎÓÔ‡Ú‡adj spare Á‡Ô‡ÒÌÓÈv speak „Ó‚ÓËÚ¸adj special ÓÒÓ·˚Èn speech Â˜¸

speedn 1. rapidity ÒÍÓÓÒÚ¸v 2. go fast ÛÒÍÓˇÚ¸v spell ÔÓËÁÌÓÒËÚ¸ ËÎË ÔËÒ‡Ú¸ ÔÓ ·ÛÍ‚‡Ïv spend Ú‡ÚËÚ¸pt v spent *see spendn sphere ÒÙÂ‡

64

spill – starfish

v spill ÔÓÎË‚‡Ú¸v spin ‚‡˘‡Ú¸n spirit (soul) ‰Ûıv spit ÔÎÂ‚‡Ú¸v splash ·˚Á„‡Ú¸v split ‡ÒÍ‡Î˚‚‡Ú¸v spoil ÔÓÚËÚ¸pt v spoke *see speakn spoon ÎÓÊÍ‡n sport ÒÔÓÚn sports oval ÒÔÓÚË‚Ì‡ˇ ÔÎÓ˘‡‰Í‡n sports shoe ÒÔÓÚË‚Ì‡ˇ Ó·Û‚¸

spotn 1. circular pattern ÔˇÚÌÓn 2. sore Ô˚˘ËÍn 3. place ÏÂÒÚÓv 4. see Á‡ÏÂÚËÚ¸v spread ‡ÒÔÓÒÚ‡ÌˇÚ¸

springn 1. season ‚ÂÒÌ‡v 2. jump ‚ÒÍ‡ÍË‚‡Ú¸

spyn 1. person who keeps secret ¯ÔËÓÌ

watch on others

v 2. watch ¯ÔËÓÌËÚ¸square

n 1. plane figure Í‚‡‰‡Úadj 2. shaped as a square Í‚‡‰‡ÚÌ˚Èn staffroom Û˜ËÚÂÎ¸ÒÍ‡ˇn stage ÒÚ‡‰Ëˇn stair ÒÚÛÔÂÌ¸Í‡

stampn 1. as for postage Ï‡Í‡v 2. impress a mark on ÒÚ‡‚ËÚ¸ ¯Ú‡ÏÔ v 3. strike with foot ÚÓÔÚ‡Ú¸

standv 1. take upright position ÒÚÓˇÚ¸phr v 2. stand back ÓÚÒÚÛÔ‡Ú¸phr v 3. stand for (signify) Á‡ÏÂÌˇÚ¸phr v 4. stand up for (defend) ÓÚÒÚ‡Ë‚‡Ú¸colloq phr 5. I can’t stand it (I hate it) fl ÌÂ ÚÂÔÎ˛ ˝ÚÓn standard ÒÚ‡Ì‰‡Ú

starn 1. astral body Á‚ÂÁ‰‡n 2. famous actor, singer etc. Á‚ÂÁ‰‡adj 3. shape Á‚ÂÁ‰Ì˚Èn starfish ÏÓÒÍ‡ˇ Á‚ÂÁ‰‡

65

start – stop

startn 1. beginning Ì‡˜‡ÎÓv 2. begin Ì‡˜ËÌ‡Ú¸

statev 1. say Á‡ˇ‚ÎˇÚ¸n 2. political division „ÓÒÛ‰‡ÒÚ‚Ón statement ÛÚ‚ÂÊ‰ÂÌËÂ

stationn 1. of railway ÒÚ‡ÌˆËˇn 2. police station ÔÓÎËˆÂÈÒÍËÈ Û˜‡ÒÚÓÍ n statue ÒÚ‡ÚÛˇv stay ÓÒÚ‡‚‡Ú¸Òˇadj steady ÛÒÚÓÈ˜Ë‚˚Èn steak ·ËÙ¯ÚÂÍÒv steal Í‡ÒÚ¸n steam Ô‡n steel ÒÚ‡Î¸adj steep ÍÛÚÓÈn stem ÒÚÂ·ÂÎ¸

stepv 1. move using feet ¯‡„‡Ú¸n 2. stair ÒÚÛÔÂÌ¸Í‡phrase 3. watch your step (be careful) ÓÒÚÓÓÊÌÓ, ÒÚÛÔÂÌ¸Í‡!n stepbrother Ò‚Ó‰Ì˚È ·‡Ún stepfather ÓÚ˜ËÏn stepmother Ï‡˜Âı‡n stepsister Ò‚Ó‰Ì‡ˇ ÒÂÒÚ‡

stickv 1. fasten ÒÍÂÔÎˇÚ¸n 2. piece of wood Ô‡ÎÍ‡adj sticky ÎËÔÍËÈadj stiff ÊÂÒÚÍËÈ

stilladv 1. without moving ÌÂÔÓ‰‚ËÊÌ˚Èadv 2. yet ‚ÒÂ Â˘Âv sting Ê‡ÎËÚ¸

stinkn 1. bad odour ‚ÓÌ¸v 2. smell very bad ‚ÓÌˇÚ¸v stir ‡ÁÏÂ¯Ë‚‡Ú¸pt v stole *see stealn stomach ÊË‚ÓÚn stomach-ache ·ÓÎ¸ ‚ ÊÂÎÛ‰ÍÂn stone Í‡ÏÂÌ¸pt v stood *see stand

stopn 1. cessation ÓÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚Í‡v 2. halt ÓÒÚ‡Ì‡‚ÎË‚‡Ú¸

66

store – suburb

n store ÒÍÎ‡‰n storey ˇÛÒn storm ¯ÚÓÏn story ËÒÚÓËˇn stove ÔÂ˜¸n stove top ÔÎËÚ‡

straightadj 1. not crooked ÔˇÏÓÈadj 2. not wavy or curly (of hair) ÔˇÏ˚Âphrase 3. straight ahead ÔˇÏÓ ‚ÔÂÂ‰v straighten ‚˚ÔˇÏÎˇÚ¸v strain Ì‡Úˇ„Ë‚‡Ú¸adj strange ÒÚ‡ÌÌ˚Èn stranger ÌÂÁÌ‡ÍÓÏÂˆn strawberry ÁÂÏÎˇÌËÍ‡n stream ÔÓÚÓÍn street ÛÎËˆ‡n strength ÒËÎ‡

stressv 1. put emphasis on ÔÓ‰˜ÂÍË‚‡Ú¸n 2. tension Ì‡ÔˇÊÂÌËÂadj strict ÒÚÓ„ËÈ

strikev 1. hit Û‰‡ˇÚ¸n 2. blow Û‰‡phrase 3. on strike (not working) ·‡ÒÚÓ‚‡Ú¸n string ‚ÂÂ‚Í‡n strip ÔÓÎÓÒ‡v stroke „Î‡‰ËÚ¸adj strong (powerful) ÒËÎ¸Ì˚Èn struggle ·Ó¸·‡pt v stuck *see stickn student ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚ

studyn 1. room of house Í‡·ËÌÂÚv 2. endeavour to acquire Û˜ËÚ¸Òˇ

knowledgestuff

n 1. material Ï‡ÚÂË‡Îv 2. push Á‡ÔÓÎÌˇÚ¸adj stupid „ÎÛÔ˚Èn style ÒÚËÎ¸

subjectn 1. course of study ÔÂ‰ÏÂÚn 2. topic ÚÂÏ‡n substance ‚Â˘ÂÒÚ‚Óv subtract ‚˚˜ËÚ‡Ú¸n subtraction ‚˚˜ËÚ‡ÌËÂn suburb ÔË„ÓÓ‰

67

succeed – survey

v succeed ÔÂÛÒÔÂ‚‡Ú¸n success ÛÒÔÂıv suck ÒÓÒ‡Ú¸adj sudden ‚ÌÂÁ‡ÔÌ˚Èadv suddenly ‚ÌÂÁ‡ÔÌÓv suffer ÒÚ‡‰‡Ú¸n sugar Ò‡ı‡v suggest ÔÂ‰Î‡„‡Ú¸n suggestion ÔÂ‰ÎÓÊÂÌËÂ

suitn 1. clothing ÍÓÒÚ˛Ïv 2. be appropriate ÔÓ‰ıÓ‰ËÚ¸adj suitable ÔÓ‰ıÓ‰ˇ˘ËÈn sum (total) ÒÛÏÏ‡ n summer ÎÂÚÓn sun ÒÓÎÌˆÂn sunburn Á‡„‡n sunglasses ÒÓÎÌÂ˜Ì˚Â Ó˜ÍËn sunhat ¯ÎˇÔ‡ ÓÚ ÒÓÎÌˆ‡adj sunny ÒÓÎÌÂ˜Ì˚Èn sunscreen ÒÓÎÌˆÂÁ‡˘ËÚÌ˚È ÍÂÏn sunshine ÒÓÎÌÂ˜Ì˚È Ò‚ÂÚ

supplyn 1. provisions ÔÓÒÚ‡‚Í‡v 2. provide ÔÓÒÚ‡‚ÎˇÚ¸

supportn 1. assistance ÔÓ‰‰ÂÊÍ‡v 2. provide assistance ÔÓ‰‰ÂÊË‚‡Ú¸v suppose (assume) ÔÂ‰ÔÓÎ‡„‡Ú¸adj sure Û‚ÂÂÌÌ˚È

surfn 1. seaswell ÔË·ÓÈv 2. ride a surfboard Í‡Ú‡Ú¸Òˇ Ì‡ ÒÂÙËÌ„Ó‚ÓÈ ‰ÓÒÍÂn surface ÔÓ‚ÂıÌÓÒÚ¸n surfboard ‰ÓÒÍ‡ ‰Îˇ ÒÂÙËÌ„‡n surfer ÒÂÙËÒÚ

surgeryn 1. doctor’s room ÔËÂÏÌ‡ˇ ‚‡˜‡n 2. operation by doctor ÓÔÂ‡ˆËˇ n surname Ù‡ÏËÎËˇ

surprisen 1. unexpected event Ò˛ÔËÁv 2. catch unprepared Û‰Ë‚ÎˇÚ¸adj 3. unexpected ÌÂÓÊË‰‡ÌÌ˚Èv surrender Ò‰‡‚‡Ú¸Òˇv surround ÓÍÛÊ‡Ú¸

surveyn 1. poll ÓÔÓÒv 2. ask questions of ÔÓ‚Ó‰ËÚ¸ ÓÔÓÒ

68

survival – tame

n survival ‚˚ÊË‚‡ÌËÂv survive ‚˚ÊË‚‡Ú¸n swagman ·Ó‰ˇ„‡v swallow „ÎÓÚ‡Ú¸pt v swam *see swim

swearv 1. use bad language Û„‡Ú¸Òˇ v 2. take oath of truth ÍÎˇÒÚ¸Òˇv sweep ÏÂÒÚËadj sweet ÒÎ‡‰ÍËÈn sweet corn Ò‡ı‡Ì‡ˇ ÍÛÍÛÛÁ‡n sweet potato ÒÎ‡‰ÍËÈ Í‡ÚÓÙÂÎ¸v swim ÔÎ‡‚‡Ú¸n swimmer ÔÎÓ‚Âˆn swimming ÔÎ‡‚‡ÌËÂn swimming carnival Ô‡Á‰ÌËÍ Ì‡ ‚Ó‰Ân swimming costume ÍÛÔ‡Î¸Ì˚È ÍÓÒÚ˛Ï

swingv 1. sway Í‡˜‡Ú¸Òˇn 2. play equipment Í‡˜ÂÎË

switchn 1. device for turning on/off ‚˚ÍÎ˛˜‡ÚÂÎ¸v 2. change ÏÂÌˇÚ¸adj swollen ÓÔÛı¯ËÈphrase swollen ankle ÓÔÛı¯‡ˇ ÎÓ‰˚ÊÍ‡n sword ÏÂ˜

Ttable

n 1. furniture ÒÚÓÎn 2. list Ú‡·ÎËˆ‡ n table tennis Ì‡ÒÚÓÎ¸Ì˚È ÚÂÌÌËÒn tablet (medication) Ú‡·ÎÂÚÍ‡ n tail ı‚ÓÒÚ

takev 1. seize ı‚‡Ú‡Ú¸v 2. last for (as time) Á‡ÌËÏ‡Ú¸phr v 3. take away (mathematical) ‚˚˜ËÚ‡Ú¸phr v 4. take away (remove) Û·Ë‡Ú¸phr v 5. take away (fast food) ÔË˘‡ Ì‡ ‚˚ÌÓÒphr v 6. take off (as clothing) ÒÌËÏ‡Ú¸ phr v 7. take off (as plane) ‚ÁÎÂÚ‡Ú¸n tale ‡ÒÒÍ‡Á

talkn 1. conversation ‡Á„Ó‚Óv 2. converse ‡Á„Ó‚‡Ë‚‡Ú¸adj tall ‚˚ÒÓÍËÈadj tame Û˜ÌÓÈ

69

tan – terrific

tanv 1. sunbake Á‡„Ó‡Ú¸adj 2. colour ÊÂÎÚÓ‚‡ÚÓ-ÍÓË˜ÌÂ‚˚Èn tank Ú‡ÌÍn tap (as for water) Í‡Ìv tape (record) ÎÂÌÚ‡n task Á‡‰‡˜‡

tastev 1. sample ÔÓÔÓ·Ó‚‡Ú¸phrase 2. the food tastes good ‚ÍÛÒÌ‡ˇ Â‰‡adj tasty ‚ÍÛÒÌ˚Èpt v taught *see teachn tax Ì‡ÎÓ„n taxi Ú‡ÍÒË

tean 1. beverage ˜‡Èn 2. dinner ÛÊËÌv teach ÔÂÔÓ‰‡‚‡Ú¸n teacher ÔÂÔÓ‰‡‚‡ÚÂÎ¸n teacher’s aide ÔÓÏÓ˘ÌËÍ ÔÂÔÓ‰‡‚‡ÚÂÎˇn team „ÛÔÔ‡

tearv 1. rip ‡Á˚‚‡Ú¸n 2. liquid from the eye ÒÎÂÁ‡v tease ‰‡ÁÌËÚ¸n technology ÚÂıÌËÍ‡n teenager ÔÓ‰ÓÒÚÓÍ

telephonen 1. device for phoning ÚÂÎÂÙÓÌv 2. ring Á‚ÓÌËÚ¸n telephone booth ÚÂÎÂÙÓÌÌ‡ˇ ·Û‰Í‡n telescope ÚÂÎÂÒÍÓÔ

televisionn 1. receiver for broadcasts ÚÂÎÂ‚ËÁÓabbrev 2. TV

v tell ÒÓÓ·˘‡Ú¸n temper Ì‡‚n temperature ÚÂÏÔÂ‡ÚÛ‡n temple ı‡Ïadj temporary ‚ÂÏÂÌÌ˚Èn tennis ÚÂÌÌËÒn tent Ô‡Î‡ÚÍ‡

termn 1. a period of time ÒÓÍn 2. a naming word ÚÂÏËÌadj terrible ÛÊ‡ÒÌ˚Èadj terrific ÔÓÚˇÒ‡˛˘ËÈ

70

test – tie

testn 1. examination ˝ÍÁ‡ÏÂÌv 2. check ˝ÍÁ‡ÏÂÌÓ‚‡Ú¸n text ÚÂÍÒÚ

thankv 1. express appreciation ·Î‡„Ó‰‡ËÚ¸phrase 2. give thanks ·Î‡„Ó‰‡ËÚ¸int 3. thank you (polite expression ÒÔ‡ÒË·Ó

of gratitude)

thatpron 1. indicator of person or thing ÚÓÚconj 2. used as subject of relative ÚÓ

clause

det the ÓÔÂ‰ÂÎÂÌÌ˚È ‡ÚËÍÎ¸n theatre ÚÂ‡Úpron their Ëıpron them ËÏadv then ÚÓ„‰‡adv there Ú‡Ïconj therefore ÔÓ˝ÚÓÏÛn thermometer ÚÂÏÓÏÂÚpron they ÓÌËadj thick ÚÓÎÒÚ˚Èn thief ‚Óadj thin ÚÓÌÍËÈv think ‰ÛÏ‡Ú¸n thong (footwear) ‚¸ÂÚÌ‡ÏÍ‡

thoughtn 1. idea Ï˚ÒÎ¸pt v 2. *see think

threadn 1. cotton ÌËÚÍ‡v 2. put through eye of needle ÔÓ‰Â‚‡Ú¸ ÌËÚÍÛ ‚ Ë„ÓÎÍÛpt v threw *see throwprep through (from one side to ˜ÂÂÁ

another)

v throw ·ÓÒ‡Ú¸n thumb ·ÓÎ¸¯ÓÈ Ô‡ÎÂˆn thunder „ÓÏn thunderstorm „ÓÁ‡adv thus Ú‡ÍËÏ Ó·‡ÁÓÏv tick (indicate correctness) ÓÚÏÂ˜‡Ú¸ „‡ÎÓ˜ÍÓÈn ticket ·ËÎÂÚn tide ÚÂ˜ÂÌËÂadj tidy ÓÔˇÚÌ˚È

tien 1. clothing „‡ÎÒÚÛÍv 2. fasten Á‡‚ˇÁ˚‚‡Ú¸n 3. equal place ÌË˜¸ˇ

71

tight – town

adj tight ÔÎÓÚÌ˚Èv tilt Ì‡ÍÎÓÌˇÚ¸

timen 1. measurement of duration ‚ÂÏˇphrase 2. in time (not late) Ò‚ÓÂ‚ÂÏÂÌÌÓphrase 3. on time (at the appointed time) ‚Ó‚ÂÏˇphrase 4. at times ‚ÂÏˇ ÓÚ ‚ÂÏÂÌËphrase 5. a good time ÔÓ‚ÂÒÚË ‚ÂÏˇ ıÓÓ¯Óphrase 6. take your time (don’t rush) ÌÂ ÚÓÓÔËÚÂÒ¸phrase 7. What’s the time? KÓÚÓ˚È ˜‡Ò?phrase 8. two times four (mathematical) ‰‚‡ ÛÏÌÓÊËÚ¸ Ì‡ ˜ÂÚ˚Ân timetable ‡ÒÔËÒ‡ÌËÂ

tipn 1. hint ÔÓ‰ÒÍ‡ÁÍ‡n 2. rubbish dump Ò‚‡ÎÍ‡v 3. tilt Ì‡ÍÎÓÌˇÚ¸n 4. pointed extremity ÍÓÌ˜ËÍphr v 5. tip over (spill) ‡ÁÎË‚‡Ú¸n tissue ÚÍ‡Ì¸n title Á‡„ÓÎÓ‚ÓÍprep to Ín today ÒÂ„Ó‰Ìˇn toe Ô‡ÎÂˆ ÒÚÛÔÌËadv together ‚ÏÂÒÚÂn toilet ÚÛ‡ÎÂÚpt v told *see telln tomato ÔÓÏË‰Ón tomorrow Á‡‚Ú‡n tongue ˇÁ˚Ípt v took *see taken tool ËÌÒÚÛÏÂÌÚn tooth ÁÛ·n toothache ÁÛ·Ì‡ˇ ·ÓÎ¸

topn 1. highest point ‚Â¯ËÌ‡n 2. clothing Ó‰ÂÊ‰‡ Ì‡ ‚ÂıÌÂÈ ˜‡ÒÚË ÚÂÎ‡n topic ÚÂÏ‡pt v tore *see tear

totaln 1. complete amount ËÚÓ„v 2. add up ÒÛÏÏËÓ‚‡Ú¸v touch Í‡Ò‡Ú¸Òˇn tour ÔÛÚÂ¯ÂÒÚ‚ËÂv tow ·ÛÍÒËÓ‚‡Ú¸prep towards Ín towel ÔÓÎÓÚÂÌˆÂn tower ·‡¯Ìˇn town „ÓÓ‰

72

toy – turn

n toy Ë„Û¯Í‡v trace ÒÎÂ‰Ó‚‡Ú¸n track (pathway) ‰ÓÓÊÍ‡n tracksuit ÚÂÌËÓ‚Ó˜Ì˚È ÍÓÒÚ˛Ïn tractor Ú‡ÍÚÓ

traden 1. exchange of commodities ÚÓ„Ó‚Îˇv 2. carry on trade ÚÓ„Ó‚‡Ú¸n traffic ‰‚ËÊÂÌËÂ

trainn 1. means of transport ÔÓÂÁ‰v 2. practise ÚÂÌËÓ‚‡Ú¸

trapn 1. device for catching things Á‡Ô‡‰Ìˇv 2. catch ÔÓÈÏ‡Ú¸ (‚ Á‡Ô‡‰Ì˛)n trapezium Ú‡ÔÂˆËˇv travel ÔÛÚÂ¯ÂÒÚ‚Ó‚‡Ú¸v tread ¯‡„‡Ú¸v treat (as a disease) ÎÂ˜ËÚ¸n tree ‰ÂÂ‚Óv tremble ‰ÓÊ‡Ú¸n triangle ÚÂÛ„ÓÎ¸ÌËÍphrase triangular prism ÚÂÛ„ÓÎ¸Ì‡ˇ ÔËÁÏ‡n tribe ÔÎÂÏˇv trick Ó·Ï‡Ì˚‚‡Ú¸v trim ÔÓ‰ÒÚË„‡Ú¸

tripn 1. journey ÔÓÂÁ‰Í‡v 2. fall over ÒÔÓÚ˚Í‡Ú¸Òˇadj tropical ÚÓÔË˜ÂÒÍËÈ

troublen 1. problem ÌÂÔËˇÚÌÓÒÚ¸v 2. cause worry ÚÂ‚ÓÊËÚ¸phrase 3. in trouble with ÔÓÔ‡ÒÚ¸ ‚ ÌÂÔËˇÚÌÓÒÚ¸n trousers ·˛ÍËn truck „ÛÁÓ‚ËÍadj true Ô‡‚‰Ë‚˚Èn trunk (as of elephant) ıÓ·ÓÚ

tryn 1. attempt ÔÓÔ˚ÚÍ‡phrase 2. try hard ÒÚ‡‡Ú¸Òˇphr v 3. try on (as for clothing) ÔËÏÂˇÚ¸ phr v 4. try out for (audition for) ÓÚ·Ë‡Ú¸ (Ì‡ ÒÓÒÚˇÁ‡ÌËˇ)n T-shirt ÙÛÚ·ÓÎÍ‡n tub Í‡‰Í‡n tube ÚÛ·‡

turnv 1. move around ÔÓ‚ÂÌÛÚ¸Òˇ

73

twice – urge

n 2. action following someone ÔÓ‚ÓÓÚelse’s

phr v 3. turn into (become) ÔÂ‚‡˘‡Ú¸Òˇphr v 4. turn off (switch off) ‚˚ÍÎ˛˜‡Ú¸phr v 5. turn on ‚ÍÎ˛˜‡Ú¸ phr v 6. turn up (arrive) ÔÓˇ‚ÎˇÚ¸Òˇadv twice ‰‚‡Ê‰˚v twist ÍÛÚËÚ¸

typen 1. kind ÚËÔv 2. use a machine to write ÔÂ˜‡Ú‡Ú¸n tyre ¯ËÌ‡

Uadj ugly ÛÓ‰ÎË‚˚Èn umbrella ÁÓÌÚËÍn uncle ‰ˇ‰ˇadj unconscious ÔÓÚÂˇ‚¯ËÈ ÒÓÁÌ‡ÌËÂprep under ÔÓ‰v undergo ËÒÔ˚Ú˚‚‡Ú¸adj underground ÔÓ‰ÁÂÏÌ˚Èv underline ÔÓ‰˜ÂÍË‚‡Ú¸adv underneath ÌËÊÂn underpants ÚÛÒ˚v understand ÔÓÌËÏ‡Ú¸pt v understood *see understandn underwear ÌËÊÌÂÂ ·ÂÎ¸Âv undo ÓÚÏÂÌˇÚ¸adj unemployed ·ÂÁ‡·ÓÚÌ˚Èn uniform ÛÌËÙÓÏ‡n union ÒÓ˛Á

unitn 1. type of housing Í‚‡ÚË‡n 2. measurement Â‰ËÌËˆ‡v unite Ó·˙Â‰ËÌˇÚ¸n universe ‚ÒÂÎÂÌÌ‡ˇn university ÛÌË‚ÂÒËÚÂÚprep until ‰Óadj unusual ÌÂÓ·˚˜Ì˚Èprep up (to a higher place) ‚‚Âıprep upon (up and on) Ì‡‰adj upper ‚ÂıÌËÈadj upright ‚ÂÚËÍ‡Î¸Ì˚Èadj upset ‡ÒÒÚÓÂÌÌ˚Èadj upside-down ‚‚Âı ÚÓÏ‡¯Í‡ÏËadv upstairs Ì‡‚Âıv urge ÔÓÌÛÊ‰‡Ú¸

74

urgent – wall

adj urgent ÒÓ˜Ì˚Èpron us Ì‡Ò

usen 1. the activity of using ËÒÔÓÎ¸ÁÓ‚‡ÌËÂv 2. employ ËÒÔÓÎ¸ÁÓ‚‡Ú¸adj used (not new) ËÒÔÓÎ¸ÁÓ‚‡ÌÌ˚È

Vn vaccination ÔË‚Ë‚Í‡adj vain Ú˘ÂÚÌ˚Èn valley ‰ÓÎËÌ‡adj valuable ˆÂÌÌ˚È

valuen 1. worth ˆÂÌÌÓÒÚ¸v 2. to hold in high esteem ˆÂÌËÚ¸n van (truck) „ÛÁÓ‚ËÍn variety ‡ÁÌÓÓ·‡ÁËÂv vary ÏÂÌˇÚ¸adj various ‡ÁÎË˜Ì˚Èn vegetable Ó‚Ó˘n vegetable garden Ó„ÓÓ‰n vegetarian ‚Â„ÂÚ‡Ë‡ÌÂˆn vehicle Ú‡ÌÒÔÓÚÌÓÂ ÒÂ‰ÒÚ‚Ón verandah ‚Â‡Ì‰‡n verb „Î‡„ÓÎadv very Ó˜ÂÌ¸abbrev vet *see veterinariann veterinarian ‚ÂÚÂËÌ‡n video (recording) ‚Ë‰ÂÓ n view ‚Ë‰n village ‰ÂÂ‚Ìˇadj violent ˇÓÒÚÌ˚Èn violin ÒÍËÔÍ‡v visit Ì‡‚Â˘‡Ú¸n visitor ÔÓÒÂÚËÚÂÎ¸n voice „ÓÎÓÒn volleyball (game) ‚ÓÎÂÈ·ÓÎ n volume „ÓÏÍÓÒÚ¸v vote „ÓÎÓÒÓ‚‡Ú¸n vowel „Î‡ÒÌ˚Èn voyage ÔÛÚÂ¯ÂÒÚ‚ËÂ

Wn wage Á‡‡·ÓÚÌ‡ˇ ÔÎ‡Ú‡v wait Ê‰‡Ú¸v wake ÔÓÒ˚Ô‡Ú¸Òˇv walk ıÓ‰ËÚ¸n walkway ÔÓıÓ‰n wall ÒÚÂÌ‡

75

wallaby – Web

n wallaby ÍÂÌ„ÛÛ-‚‡ÎÎ‡·Ën wallet ·ÛÏ‡ÊÌËÍv wander ·Ó‰ËÚ¸v want ıÓÚÂÚ¸n war ‚ÓÈÌ‡n waratah ÛÓ‡Ú‡n wardrobe ÔÎ‡ÚˇÌÓÈ ¯Í‡Ùadj warm (opposite cool) ÚÂÔÎ˚Èadj warm-blooded ÚÂÔÎÓÍÓ‚Ì˚Èv warn ÔÂ‰ÛÔÂÊ‰‡Ú¸n warning ÔÂ‰ÛÔÂÊ‰ÂÌËÂpt v was *see be

washv 1. clean with water Ï˚Ú¸Òˇphr v 2. wash up (of dishes) Ï˚Ú¸ ÔÓÒÛ‰Ûn washing machine (clothes) ÒÚË‡Î¸Ì‡ˇ Ï‡¯ËÌ‡

wastev 1. employ uselessly ‡ÒÚÓ˜‡Ú¸ ÔÓÔÛÒÚÛn 2. rejected products ÓÚıÓ‰˚

watchn 1. timepiece ˜‡Ò˚v 2. look at Ì‡·Î˛‰‡Ú¸ phr v 3. watch out (be careful) ÓÒÚÂÂ„‡Ú¸Òˇ

watern 1. liquid ‚Ó‰‡v 2. moisten ÏÓ˜ËÚ¸n watermelon ‡·ÛÁn wattle tree ‡Í‡ˆËˇ

waven 1. swell of water ‚ÓÎÌ‡v 2. make a hand signal Ï‡ı‡Ú¸adj wavy ‚ÓÎÌËÒÚ˚Èn wax ‚ÓÒÍ

wayn 1. road ‰ÓÓ„‡phrase 2. a long way ‰ÎËÌÌ˚È ÔÛÚ¸phrase 3. a good way ıÓÓ¯ËÈ ÔÛÚ¸phrase 4. give way ÛÒÚÛÔËÚ¸ ‰ÓÓ„Ûpron we Ï˚adj weak ÒÎ‡·˚Èn wealth ·Ó„‡ÚÒÚ‚Óadj wealthy ·Ó„‡Ú˚Èn weapon ÓÛÊËÂ

wearv 1. erode ËÁÌ‡¯Ë‚‡Ú¸v 2. put on (as for clothing) ÌÓÒËÚ¸n web (as for spider) Ô‡ÛÚËÌ‡ abbrev Web *see World Wide Web

76

wedding – width

n wedding Ò‚‡‰¸·‡n week ÌÂ‰ÂÎˇv weigh ‚ÂÒËÚ¸n weight ‚ÂÒ

welcomen 1. a kind greeting ÔË‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËÂint 2. You’re welcome! (polite œÓÊ‡ÎÛÈÒÚ‡!

response to thank you)

welln 1. hole in earth ÍÓÎÓ‰Ââdj 2. in good health Á‰ÓÓ‚˚Èadv 3. in a satisfactory manner ıÓÓ¯Óint 4. Well! (expresses relief, pause) ÕÛ!int 5. Well done! œÂÍ‡ÒÌÓ!pt v went *see gopt v were *see ben west Á‡Ô‡‰

wetv 1. moisten Û‚Î‡ÊÌËÚ¸adj 2. opposite dry ‚Î‡ÊÌ˚Èpron what (interrogative) ˜ÚÓn wheel ÍÓÎÂÒÓpron when (interrogative) ÍÓ„‰‡ conj whenever ÍÓ„‰‡ Û„Ó‰ÌÓpron where (interrogative) „‰Â

which pron 1. what one of a number ÍÓÚÓ˚È

(interrogative)

pron 2. relative (refers to something Í‡ÍÓÈ previously mentioned)

conj while ‚ ÚÓ ‚ÂÏˇ Í‡Ín whip ÍÌÛÚv whisper ¯ÂÔÚ‡Ú¸

whistlev 1. make a musical sound Ì‡Ò‚ËÒÚ˚‚‡Ú¸n 2. equipment used to make Ò‚ËÒÚÓÍ

a sound

adj white ·ÂÎ˚Èn whiteboard ·ÂÎ‡ˇ ‰ÓÒÍ‡

whopron 1. interrogative ÍÚÓpron 2. relative pronoun ÍÓÚÓ˚Èadj whole ˆÂÎÓÂadv why ÔÓ˜ÂÏÛadj wicked ÁÎÓÈadj wide ¯ËÓÍËÈn widow ‚‰Ó‚‡n widower ‚‰Ó‚Âˆn width ¯ËËÌ‡

77

wild – write

adj wild ‰ËÍËÈwill

v 1. auxiliary used in future tense ·Û‰ÂÚn 2. declaration of wishes on Á‡‚Â˘‡ÌËÂ

one’s death

n 3. choice of one’s actions ‚ÓÎˇv win ÔÓ·ÂÊ‰‡Ú¸

windn 1. movement of air ‚ÂÚÂv 2. turn in a circular way Á‡ÍÛ˜Ë‚‡Ú¸colloq phr 3. wind up (finish) Á‡‚Â¯‡Ú¸phr v 4. wind up (as a clock) Á‡‚Ó‰ËÚ¸n windmill ‚ÂÚˇÌ‡ˇ ÏÂÎ¸ÌËˆ‡n window ÓÍÌÓn window sill ÔÓ‰ÓÍÓÌÌËÍadj windy ‚ÂÚÂÌ˚Èn wing Í˚ÎÓn winter ÁËÏ‡v wipe ‚˚ÚË‡Ú¸n wire ÔÓ‚Ó‰adj wise ÏÛ‰˚Èn wish ÊÂÎ‡ÌËÂprep with Òv withdraw (as for money) ËÁ˚Ï‡Ú¸n witness Ò‚Ë‰ÂÚÂÎ¸pt v woke *see waken woman ÊÂÌ˘ËÌ‡n wombat ‚ÓÏ·‡Úpt v won *see winv wonder Û‰Ë‚ÎˇÚ¸Òˇn wood ‰Â‚ÂÒËÌ‡ (ÎÂÒ)n woodwork ‡·ÓÚ‡ ÔÓ ‰ÂÂ‚Ûn wool ¯ÂÒÚ¸n word ÒÎÓ‚Ópt v wore *see wear

workn 1. labour ‡·ÓÚ‡v 2. carry out labour ‚˚ÔÓÎÌˇÚ¸v 3. be operational ÙÛÌÍˆËÓÌËÓ‚‡Ú¸phr v 4. work out (solve) ‚˚Ò˜ËÚ‡Ú¸n world ÏËn World Wide Web ´‚ÒÂÏËÌ‡ˇ Ô‡ÛÚËÌ‡ª v worry ‚ÓÎÌÓ‚‡Ú¸Òˇadv worse ıÛÊÂn worth ˆÂÌ‡, ˆÂÌÌÓÒÚ¸v wrap Ó·ÂÚ˚‚‡Ú¸v wring ÒÍÛÚËÚ¸n wrist Á‡ÔˇÒÚ¸Âv write ÔËÒ‡Ú¸

78

wrong – zucchini

adj wrong (incorrect) ÌÂÔ‡‚ËÎ¸Ì˚Èpt v wrote *see writeabbrev www *see World Wide Web

X n x-ray ÂÌÚ„ÂÌ

Yn yacht ˇıÚ‡n yard ˇ‰v yawn ÁÂ‚‡Ú¸n year „Ó‰adj yellow ÊÂÎÚ˚Èint yes ‰‡n yesterday ‚˜Â‡pron you ‚˚adj young ÏÓÎÓ‰ÓÈpron your (possessive) ‚‡¯

Z n zone ÁÓÌ‡n zoo ÁÓÓÔ‡Ín zucchini Í‡·‡˜ÓÍ

79

Appendix 1

Numerals and Ordinals

Symbol Numeral Ordinal

1 one first

2 two second

3 three third

4 four fourth

5 five fifth

6 six sixth

7 seven seventh

8 eight eighth

9 nine ninth

10 ten tenth

11 eleven eleventh

12 twelve twelfth

13 thirteen thirteenth

14 fourteen fourteenth

15 fifteen fifteenth

16 sixteen sixteenth

17 seventeen seventeenth

18 eighteen eighteenth

19 nineteen nineteenth

20 twenty twentieth

30 thirty thirtieth

40 forty fortieth

50 fifty fiftieth

60 sixty sixtieth

70 seventy seventieth

80 eighty eightieth

90 ninety ninetieth

100 one hundred one hundredth

1000 one thousand one thousandth

10000 ten thousand ten thousandth

100000 one hundred thousand one hundred thousandth

1000000 one million one millionth

80

Appendix 2

Common Countries/States and their Adjectival Forms

Country/State Adjectival Form Country/State Adjectival Form

Afghanistan Afghani Japan Japanese

Argentina Argentinian Korea Korean

Bangladesh Bangladeshi Kosovo Kosovar

Bolivia Bolivian Kurdistan Kurdish

Brazil Brazilian Laos Laotian

Bulgaria Bulgarian Lebanon Lebanese

Cambodia Cambodian Macedonia Macedonian

Chile Chilean Malaysia Malaysian

China Chinese Nigeria Nigerian

Colombia Colombian Pakistan Pakistani

Cook Islands Cook Islanders Peru Peruvian

Croatia Croatian Philippines Filipino

East Timor East Timorese Poland Polish

Ecuador Ecuadorian Portugal Portuguese

Egypt Egyptian Russia Russian

El Salvador El Salvadorian Samoa Samoan

Eritrea Eritrean Serbia Serbian

Ethiopia Ethiopian Somalia Somalian

Fiji Fijian Sudan Sudanese

Ghana Ghanian Syria Syrian

Greece Greek Taiwan Taiwanese

Hungary Hungarian Thailand Thai

India Indian Tonga Tongan

Indonesia Indonesian Turkey Turkish

Iran Iranian Ukraine Ukrainian

Iraq Iraqi Uruguay Uruguayan

Israel Israeli Venezuela Venezuelan

Italy Italian Vietnam Vietnamese

81

Appendix 3

Common Irregular Verbs

Base Form Past Tense Past participle

awake awoke awokenbe was, were beenbeat beat beaten

become became become

begin began begun

bend bent bent

bet bet betbid bid bidbite bit bittenblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbring brought broughtbuild built builtburn burned/burnt burned/burntbuy bought bought

catch caught caught

choose chose chosen

come came comecost cost costcut cut cutdig dug dug

do did done

draw drew drawn

dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt

drive drove drivendrink drank drunkeat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeel felt felt

fight fought fought

find found foundfly flew flownforget forgot forgottenforgive forgave forgivenfreeze froze frozenget got gottengive gave givengo went gone

grow grew grown

hang hung hung

have had had

hear heard heard

hide hid hiddenhit hit hithold held held

82

Common Irregular Verbs (continued)

Base Form Past Tense Past participle

hurt hurt hurtkeep kept keptknow knew known

lay laid laid

lead led ledlearn learned/learnt learned/learntleave left leftlend lent lentlet let letlie lay lainlose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantmeet met metpay paid paidput put put

read read read

ride rode ridden

ring rang rung

rise rose risenrun ran runsay said saidsee saw seensell sold sold

send sent sent

show showed showed/shown

shut shut shut

sing sang sung

sit sat satsleep slept sleptspeak spoke spokenspend spent spentstand stood stoodswim swam swumtake took taken

teach taught taught

tear tore torn

tell told told think thought thoughtthrow threw thrownunderstand understood understood

wake woke wokenwear wore wornwin won wonwrite wrote written

83

Analog time 24 hour time

12.00am 12 o'clock; midnight 00:00 zero zero hundred hours

1.00am 1 o'clock 01:00 zero one hundred hours

2.00am 2 o'clock 02:00 zero two hundred hours

3.00am 3 o'clock 03:00 zero three hundred hours

4.00am 4 o'clock 04:00 zero four hundred hours

5.00am 5 o'clock 05:00 zero five hundred hours

6.00am 6 o'clock 06:00 zero six hundred hours

7.00am 7 o'clock 07:00 zero seven hundred hours

8.00am 8 o'clock 08:00 zero eight hundred hours

9.00am 9 o'clock 09:00 zero nine hundred hours

10.00am 10 o'clock 10:00 ten hundred hours

11.00am 11 o'clock 11:00 eleven hundred hours

12.00pm 12 o'clock; midday; noon 12:00 twelve hundred hours

1.00pm 1 o'clock 13:00 thirteen hundred hours

2.00pm 2 o'clock 14:00 fourteen hundred hours

3.00pm 3 o'clock 15:00 fifteen hundred hours

4.00pm 4 o'clock 16:00 sixteen hundred hours

5.00pm 5 o'clock 17:00 seventeen hundred hours

6.00pm 6 o'clock 18:00 eighteen hundred hours

7.00pm 7 o'clock 19:00 nineteen hundred hours

8.00pm 8 o'clock 20:00 twenty hundred hours

9.00pm 9 o'clock 21:00 twenty one hundred hours

10.00pm 10 o'clock 22:00 twenty two hundred hours

11.00pm 11 o'clock 23:00 twenty three hundred hours

Appendix 4

Times

half past three3.30am or 3.30pm

zero two forty five zero three hundred hours zero three fifteen zero three thirty

84

Examples of quarter and half hours (24 hour time)

quarter to three2.45am or 2.45pm

three o'clock3.00am or 3.00pm

quarter past three3.15am or 3.15pm

Examples of quarter and half hours (analog)

Bibliography

Australian Learners Dictionary, 1997, National Centre for English Language Teachingand Research, Macquarie University, NSW.

Horton, D. (ed.) 1994, The Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia: Aboriginal TorresStrait Islander History, Society and Culture, vols 1-2, Aboriginal Studies Press,Canberra.

The Macquarie Dictionary, 1997, 3rd edn, Macquarie University, NSW.

My First Macquarie Dictionary, 1987, Jacaranda Press, Sydney.

NSW Department of School Education. 1994, New Arrivals Dictionaries, 16 vols, Disadvantaged Schools Program, Erskineville.

Oxford Elementary Learner's Dictionary, 1994, 2nd edn, Oxford University Press,Oxford.

Weight (mass) Length Volume

1000 milligrams = 1 gram 1000 millimetres = 1 metre 1000 millilitres = 1 litre

1000 grams = 1 kilogram 100 centimetres = 1 metre 1000 litres = 1 cubic metre

1000 kilograms = 1 metric tonne 1000 metres = 1 kilometre

Appendix 6

Weights and measures

Days

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

Months

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Units of time

60 seconds = 1 minute

60 minutes = 1 hour

24 hours = 1 day

7 days = 1 week

4 weeks = 1 month

12 months = 1 year

4 years = 1 leap year

10 years = 1 decade

100 years = 1 century

1000 years = 1 millenium

85

Appendix 5

Days of the week/Months of the year/Units of time

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