Also known as “Transcendentalism”
Early-Mid 19th Century
Evolution to Light Romanticism
(Transcendentalism)
Puritanism
Faith
Authority
Theology
Pre-destiny
Age of Reason
Reason, Logic
Skepticism
Science
Self-Made
Dark RomanticismImagination, Madness, Neg. EmotionIntuition, Mystery, Unknown
Dreams, SupernaturalCurses, Omens, Fate
Light RomanticismSeeks Inspiration, Pos. EmotionIntuition, Nonconformity
Nature (divine)
Self-Reliance
Transcendence
SimplicityConfidencePossibility
“Keep your face always toward the sunshine – and shadows will fall behind you.”
- Walt Whitman
What does this look like in
Walden or Self-Reliance?
Divine withinIndividualismSelf, not society
The soul unto itself
Is an imperial friend, -
Or the most agonizing spy
An enemy could send.
- Emily Dickinson
What does this look like in
Walden or Self-Reliance?
PantheismTruth
How soon unaccountable I became tired and sick,
Till rising and gliding out I wander’d off by myself,
In the mystical moist night air, and from time to time,
Look’d up in perfect silence at the stars.
- Walt Whitman, When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer
What does this look like in
Walden or Self-Reliance?
Nature transcendence
Dependence on selfTrue to the divine
The Soul selects her own Society –
Then – shuts the Door –
To her divine Majority –
Present no more –
- Emily Dickinson, The Soul Selects Her Own Society
What does this look like in
Walden or Self-Reliance?
Heroes and WritersMental Stability/ Personal Relationships
Societal Relationships
Spirituality
Talents
Inspiration
Talented or gifted in some way (intelligence, highly creative)
Loner (doesn’t fit in), Misunderstood/doesn’t fit into society (thinks differently e.g. Poe)Spiritual (dark arts, spirits)
dark creativity & imagination not society’s expectations
Conflicted and unstable, depressed
Conflicted with society but stable
Loner by choice, prefers to be Misunderstood (thinks differently e.g. hippies)God surrounds us, simplicity
gifted , intelligence
Light/natural creativity & imagination rather than society expectations
Civil DisobedienceWalden
“The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation." - Walden
Self-RelianceNature Standing on the bare
ground, — my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space, — all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eye-ball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God.
- Nature