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47
America’s Dirtiest Power Plants Their Oversized Contribution to Global Warming and What We Can Do About It
Transcript
Page 1: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

Americarsquos Dirtiest Power PlantsTheir Oversized Contribution to Global

Warming and What We Can Do About It

Written by

Jordan Schneider and Travis Madsen Frontier Group

Julian Boggs Environment America Research amp Policy Center

September 2013

Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Their Oversized Contribution to Global Warming

and What We Can Do About It

AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank Je Deyette Senior Energy Analyst at Union of Concerned Scientists Liz Perera Senior Washington Representative and Debbie Sease Legislative Director at Sierra Club Mike Obeiter Senior Associate Climate and Energy Program at World Resources Institute Starla Yeh Policy Analyst Climate and Clean Air Program at Natural Resources Defense Council and others for providing useful feedback and insightful suggestions on drafts of this report We also thank Frank Iannuzzi at Environment America Research amp Policy Center for contributing to this report and Tony Dutzik and Ben Davis at Frontier Group for providing editorial support

The authors bear responsibility for any factual errors The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reect the views of our funders or those who provided review

copy 2013 Environment Minnesota Research amp Policy Center

The Environment Minnesota Research amp Policy Center is a 501(c)(3) organization We are dedicated to protecting Minnesotarsquos air water and open spaces We investigate problems craft solutions educate the public and decision-makers and help Minnesotans make their voices heard in local state and national

debates over the quality of our environment and our lives For more information about Environment Minnesota Research amp Policy Center or for additional copies of this report please visit wwwenvironmentminnesotacenterorg

Frontier Group conducts independent research and policy analysis to support a cleaner healthier and more democratic society Our mission is to inject accurate information and compelling ideas into public policy debates at the local state and federal levels For more information about Frontier Group please visit wwwfrontiergrouporg

Cover photo Georgia Power Companyrsquos Plant Scherer in Juliette Georgia is the nationrsquos most-polluting power plant Each year it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption in Maine See Table 1 in report

Photo Credit TinRoof Marketing amp Design

Cover design Kathleen Krushas To the Point Publications wwwtothepointpublicationscom

Table of ContentsExecutive Summary 4

Introduction 8

e Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 10

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 16

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 20

Policy Recommendations 22

Methodology 24

Appendices 26

Notes 42

4 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Executive Summary

Global warming is one of the most profound threats of our time and wersquore already start-ing to feel the impacts ndash especially when it

comes to extreme weather From Hurricane Sandy to devastating droughts and deadly heat waves ex-treme weather events threaten our safety our health and our environment and scientists predict things will only get worse for future generations unless we cut the dangerous global warming pollution that is fueling the problem Power plants are the largest source of global warming pollution in the United States responsible for 41 percent of the nationrsquos production of carbon dioxide pollution the leading greenhouse gas driving global warming

Americarsquos power plants are among the most signi-cant sources of carbon dioxide pollution in the world The 50 most-polluting US power plants emit more than 2 percent of the worldrsquos energy-related carbon dioxide pollution ndash or more pollution than every nation except six worldwide

Despite their enormous contribution to global warm-ing US power plants do not face any federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution To protect our health our safety and our environment from the worst impacts of global warming the United States should clean up the dirtiest power plants

A small handful of the dirtiest power plants produce a massive and disproportionate share of the nationrsquos global warming pollution

In 2011 the US power sector contributed 41 percent of all US emissions of carbon dioxide the leading pollutant driving global warming

There are nearly 6000 electricity generating facili-ties in the United States but most of the global warming pollution emitted by the US power sector comes from a handful of exceptionally dirty power plants For example about 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions in 2011 came from the 50 dirtiest power plants about half came from the 100 dirtiest plants and about 90 percent came from the 500 dirtiest plants (See Figure ES-1)

Figure ES-1 The 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute Significantly to US Carbon Dioxide Pollution (Million Metric Tons ndash MMT) 2011

Executive Summary 5

The dirtiest power plant in the United States Georgia Powerrsquos Plant Scherer produced more than 21 million metric tons of carbon dioxide in 2011 ndash more than the total energy-related emissions of Maine (See Table ES-1)

Dirty power plants produce a disproportionate share of the nationrsquos global warming pollution ndash especially given the relatively small share of total electricity they produce For example despite producing 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions the 50 dirtiest power plants only produced 16 percent of the nationrsquos electricity in 2011

The dirtiest US power plants are major sources of global warming pollution on a global scale

If the 50 most-polluting US power plants were an independent nation they would be the seventh-largest emitter of carbon dioxide in the world behind Germany and ahead of South Korea (See Figure ES-2) These power plants emitted carbon dioxide pollution equivalent to more than half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States in 2010

Table ES-1 Emissions Equivalencies for the Nationrsquos Top Emitters of Global Warming Pollution

Total 2011

Emissions (Million Metric Tons of

Carbon Dioxide)

Percent of Total US

Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Percent of Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions from

Energy UseThese Plants Produce Carbon Dioxide

Greater Than or Equivalent Tohellip

Top Polluting Plant (Scherer

Power Plant GA)21 04 01

The total energy-related emissions of Maine

The pollution produced by electricity use in all New England homes in a year

Top 10 Polluting Power Plants

179 34 05

The pollution emitted by all the passenger vehicles in New York and California

The total energy-related emissions of Venezuela

Top 50 Polluting Power Plants

656 124 20

Half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States

The total energy-related emissions of Texas

Top 100 Polluting Power Plants

1052 199 32

The emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States

The pollution produced by electricity use in all US homes in a year

6 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

China UnitedStates

All USPowerPlants

India Russia Japan Germany 50 DirtiestUS

PowerPlants

SouthKorea

Canada

Figure ES-2 Carbon Dioxide Pollution Emitted by the 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Compared to Other Countries (MMT CO2)

The 100 most-polluting US power plants produced more than 3 percent of the worldrsquos carbon dioxide emissions from energy use in 2011 while the 500 most-polluting power plants were responsible for about 6 percent

To protect our health our safety and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up polluting power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions from all exist-ing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should work to meet its Sep-tember 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nal-izing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emis-sions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 2015 The standards should be based on the most recent climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reduction targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

Executive Summary 7

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal levels to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors In particular the United States should prioritize es-tablishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash including trans-portation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renewable energy

at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electricity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transportation fuels

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further rider-ship increases through better transit service and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Green-house Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeast-ern state and implementing Californiarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

8 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Introduction

It doesnrsquot take a trip to the Arctic Circle to see evidence of global warming these days The im-pacts of a warming planet are now appearing

on our doorsteps making headlines in the morning paper The United States has seen much more than its usual share of extreme downpours and intense heat waves in recent years and emerging science links the increase in frequency and severity of some of these events to global warming1 New research also shows that a warmer world is likely to exacer-bate the impacts of extreme weather events such as hurricanes oods drought and wildres2 Many extreme weather events of 2012 foreshadow the kind of disruption global warming may cause in the future From the late-season ldquosuperstormrdquo Hurricane Sandy wreaking havoc on the East Coast to early-season wildres destroying thousands of homes in the West to year-round drought conditions parch-ing the largest area of the continental US since 1956 extreme weather events are occurring with increasing frequency and severity3

Since 2007 federally declared weather-related disasters in the United States have aected counties housing 243 million people ndash or nearly four out of ve Americans4 These events have caused billions of dollars in economic damage have harmed our natural environment and have jeopardized the lives of thousands of people Climate science tells us that the impacts of these events will only worsen

for future generations unless we immediately and dramatically reduce the dangerous carbon pollution that is fueling the problem Meeting that challenge can seem overwhelming and itrsquos certainly not going to be easy But the United States and the world can make a major down-payment toward those emission reductions by cleaning up our biggest sources of pollution

In the case of the United States that means power plants As this report will show a small number of dirty power plants make a massive and dispropor-tionate contribution to the nationrsquos global warming emissions Cleaning up our existing power plants ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power plants ndash would make a signicant dier-ence in ghting global warming

For the rst time in history the United States is preparing to take action to clean up these massive sources of carbon pollution In 2012 the Environ-mental Protection Agency (EPA) issued the rst-ever pollution standards for new power plants and this summer President Obama directed the EPA to estab-lish a standard for existing power plants by 20155

By nalizing strong carbon pollution standards for new and existing power plants the US will seize one of its best available opportunities to signicantly re-duce carbon pollution ndash helping to forestall the worst impacts of global warming for future generations

Introduction 9

Photo Keith Syvinski

By nalizing strong carbon pollution standards for new and existing power plants the US will seize one of its best available opportunities to signicantly reduce carbon pollution ndash helping to forestall the worst impacts of global warming for future generations

Indiana Michigan Power Companyrsquos coal-fired Rockport power plant in Spencer County Indiana is the 11th largest emitter of carbon dioxide pollution in the US power sector It produces global warming pollution equivalent to that produced by 32 million passenger vehicles in a year See Table A-2 in Appendix

10 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon dioxide is the leading greenhouse gas driving global warming and power plants are the largest source of carbon dioxide

pollution in the United States6 Burning fossil fuels for electricity generation produced about 41 percent of total US carbon dioxide emissions in 20117 A disproportionate share of these power-sector carbon dioxide emissions come from a small subset of the nationrsquos dirtiest power plants particularly coal-red power plants However despite their enormous contribution to global warming US power plants currently face no federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution Cleaning up these dirty power plants with strong nationwide pollution standards is one of the most important steps the US can take to curb global warming pollution

e 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute a Massive and Disproportionate Share of Carbon Dioxide EmissionsThere are nearly 6000 electricity generating facilities in the United States but most of the global warming pollution emitted by the US power sector comes from a handful of exceptionally dirty power plants8 These dirty power plants also produce a dispropor-tionately large amount of the nationrsquos total global warming pollution For example just one of these

dirty power plants Georgia Powerrsquos Plant Scherer produces more global warming pollution each year than all the energy-related emissions of Maine9

In 2011 the 50 dirtiest US power plants were responsible for 30 percent of all US power-sector emissions of carbon dioxide 12 percent of total US energy-related emissions and 2 percent of worldwide energy-related emissions10 (See Figure 1) If the 50 dirtiest power plants were an independent nation they would be the seventh-largest emitter of carbon dioxide pollution in the world behind Germany and ahead of South Korea11 (See Figure 2) Their emissions in 2011 were greater than half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States in 201012 (See Table 1 for additional comparisons)

The 100 dirtiest plants were responsible for about half of total carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector in 2011 and more than 3 percent of total worldwide emissions from energy use13

The 500 dirtiest power plants were responsible for around 90 percent of total carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector and about 6 percent of total worldwide emissions from energy use14

e Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 11

Figure 1 The 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute Significantly to US Carbon Dioxide Emissions

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

China UnitedStates

All USPowerPlants

India Russia Japan Germany 50 DirtiestUS

PowerPlants

SouthKorea

Canada

Figure 2 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Pollution Emitted by the 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Compared to CO2

Pollution in Other Countries (MMT)

12 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

e Dirtiest Power Plants Are Old and InecientCoal-red power plants are among the biggest sources of carbon dioxide pollution in the electric power sector24 In fact 98 of the nationrsquos 100 most-polluting power plants in terms of total carbon di-oxide emissions are coal plants among the top 500 317 (63 percent) are coal plants25 The remainder are older oil and gas-red power plants (See Table A-2 in Appendix)

Most of the nationrsquos coal plants are old and inef-cient About 74 percent of US coal plants were at least 30 years old at the end of 2012 and about half were 40 to 60 years old according to the Energy

Table 1 Emissions Equivalencies for the Nationrsquos Top Emitters of Global Warming Pollution15

Total 2011 Emissions

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon

Dioxide)

Percent of Total US Carbon

Dioxide Emissions

Percent of Global Carbon

Dioxide Emissions from

Energy UseThese Plants Produce Carbon Dioxide

Greater Than or Equivalent Tohellip

Top Polluting Plant (Scherer

Power Plant GA)

21 04 01

The total energy-related emissions of Maine16

The pollution produced by electricity use in all New England homes in a year17

Top 10 Polluting

Power Plants 179 34 05

The pollution emitted by all the passen-ger vehicles in New York and California18

The total energy-related emissions of Venezuela19

Top 50 Polluting

Power Plants656 124 20

Half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States20

The total energy-related emission of Texas21

Top 100 Polluting

Power Plants1052 199 32

The emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States22

The pollution produced by electricity use in all US homes in a year23

Information Administration (EIA)26 Coal plants are not designed to last much longer than 30 years but coal companies routinely renovate these plants to extend their lifetimes27 Still many of these plants are ine$cient to operate so power providers run them at only a fraction of their full capacity or for shorter periods of time which results in a lower ldquocapacity factorrdquo (the ratio of a power plantrsquos actual output compared to its full capacity) for the oldest and dirtiest plants In 2009 the average capacity factor for the whole US coal eet was 64 percent with about 40 percent reporting capacity factors below 30 percent28

Although many coal plants today are underutilized because of their age and ine$ciency they remain

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 13

among the worst contributors to global warming pollution For example coal-red power plants were responsible for nearly 80 percent of the global warming pollution produced by electric power plants in 2011 even though they pro-duced only 42 percent of the nationrsquos electricity29 The 50 dirtiest plants produced 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions but only 16 percent of electricity nationwide in 201130 In some states this imbalance is even more ex-treme (See Figure 3)

Figure 3 Share of Statewide Power-Sector Emissions vs Share of Electricity Generation for Top 5 Emitters in 20 States31

81

82

83

85

88

88

89

89

90

91

92

93

93

94

96

96

97

99

99

100

22

11

40

46

35

60

44

46

78

69

8

65

50

23

52

48

3

53

49

46

0 20 40 60 80 100

AZMETN

MNWA

KSWYORUTID

AKNDNE

NMMTVTNH

RIDESD

Top 5 Shareof TotalElectricityGeneration(2011)

Top 5 Shareof TotalPower-SectorEmissions(2011)

In some states emissions from a handful of the dirtiest power plants can exceed emissions from the rest of the economy including the industrial and transportation sectors For example in ve states ndash Wyoming Montana North Dakota West Virginia and New Mexico ndash the ve dirtiest power plants are responsible for about half of total state-wide energy-related emissions and in 31 states these top polluters are responsible for at least one-quarter of statewide energy-related emis-sions (See Table 2 and Table A-3 in the Appendix)

14 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table 2 Emissions of Top 5 Polluting Plants as a Share of Power-Sector and Statewide Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions in 50 States 201132

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Wyoming 381 89 59Montana 161 96 55

North Dakota 271 93 52West Virginia 493 69 52New Mexico 291 94 50

Utah 306 90 49Arizona 430 81 46

Nebraska 247 93 45Arkansas 320 92 45

Kansas 308 88 41Alabama 481 63 36Delaware 39 99 36

North Carolina 430 71 36Missouri 501 62 35Georgia 521 76 34

Iowa 297 75 34Kentucky 504 54 34

South Carolina 263 70 34Tennessee 344 83 34Oklahoma 350 69 32

Hawaii 56 77 31New Hampshire 49 97 31

Wisconsin 291 67 29Maryland 186 80 28

Nevada 93 64 28Colorado 262 67 28

Rhode Island 35 99 28Michigan 428 64 27

Indiana 587 52 27Minnesota 263 85 27Mississippi 141 61 25

Ohio 547 50 24South Dakota 29 100 23Pennsylvania 557 48 22

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 15

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Oregon 59 89 22Illinois 440 46 19

Virginia 168 60 19Florida 417 37 18

Massachusetts 105 66 16Connecticut 59 75 16Washington 67 88 15

Louisiana 350 61 12Maine 28 82 11Texas 746 30 10

New Jersey 99 64 10New York 110 32 7

Alaska 28 75 6Idaho 04 91 4

California 75 19 2Vermont 00 96 0

Despite the large contribution of fossil fuel-red power plants to US global warming emissions neither these highly polluting plants nor proposed new power plants face any federal regulations limit-ing emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse

gases As a result these power plants have emitted carbon dioxide pollution unchecked for decades and there is no guarantee that new power plants will be built in ways that minimize their contribution to global warming

Table 2 (continued)

16 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming

Global warming threatens our health our safety and our environment Rising global average temperatures and other climate

impacts have already resulted in extreme precipita-tion events and heat waves in the United States and climate science tells us that global warming will likely lead to further changes in weather extremes34 Extreme weather events such as Hurricane Sandy extended droughts heat waves and oods caused by heavy precipitation are likely to become more common in a warming world35 At the same time global warming-induced sea-level rise changes in summer and winter precipitation patterns and eco-system changes could reduce the ability of natural and man-made systems to withstand even normal weather events

To avoid the worst impacts of global warming worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants will have to peak roughly three years from now and then decline quickly and dramatically ndash dropping by more than 50 percent by 205036 In the United States addressing this chal-lenge means cleaning up our biggest sources of global warming pollution ndash especially dirty power plants which are responsible for more than 40 per-cent of our emissions of carbon dioxide each year37

A handful of exceptionally dirty power plants are the worst contributors to this problem By focusing on cleaning up power plants ndash our countryrsquos largest single source of carbon pollution ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power

plants in the United States America can make a meaningful dierence in preventing the worst im-pacts of global warming

e US must act now to prevent the worst impacts of global warmingIn 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ndash the worldrsquos foremost scientic authority on the subject ndash concluded that ldquowarm-ing of the climate system is unequivocalrdquo and that ldquo[m]ost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropo-genic [greenhouse gas] concentrationsrdquo38 In 2013 in a draft of its upcoming Fifth Assessment Report on climate change the IPCC strengthened this asser-tion citing ldquonear certaintyrdquo that global warming is human-caused and suggesting that seas could rise by as much as three feet by the end of the century if greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated39

Clear signs of global warming have already begun to emerge

Global average sea and air temperatures in 2010 were tied for the hottest on record according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-istration (NOAA)40 2001 to 2010 was the hottest decade on record with average temperatures estimated to be 083˚F hotter than the 1961-1990 norm41 2010 was also the wettest year on record based on global average precipitation42

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 17

Oceans have absorbed 80 percent of the extra heat in the climate system causing ocean water to expand43 Coupled with melting glaciers this has caused sea levels to rise by about eight inches ndash with the rate of increase accelerating44

Hurricanes have become more intense and the frequency of extreme rain and snowstorms has increased45

At the same time droughts in many parts of the world have become longer and more severe especially in the tropics and subtropics46

In the United States warmer average annual temperatures are connected to increases in extreme precipitation and more intense heat waves Furthermore the US has experienced an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events including oods prolonged drought more intense wildres and stronger tropi-cal storms and hurricanes47

The more global warming pollution that humanity emits the more serious the consequences And the changes will be largely irreversible for a thousand years after emissions stop48

On our current emissions path humanity risks in-creasing the average global temperature by 4degC (72degF) or more (above the pre-industrial era) by the end of this century even if current emission reduc-tion commitments and pledges are met according to a 2012 report by the World Bank49 Warming on this scale would have catastrophic consequences includ-ing

Sea level rise of as much as 3 feet in the next century causing extensive coastal inundation and increasing the risk of storm surge ooding in major coastal cities50 By 2300 global mean sea levels could rise as high as 13 feet above present-day levels51

A 150 percent increase in ocean acidity above pre-industrial levels resulting in wide-ranging negative impacts on marine species and ecosys-tems with particularly severe damage to coral reefs and sheries52

An increase of 20-30 percent in the amount of precipitation falling during heavy rainstorms increasing the risk of major ooding events in many parts of the world53

Increasing aridity drought and extreme tempera-tures in Africa southern Europe and the Middle East and most of the Americas Australia and Southeast Asia54

Global Warming Endangers Public HealthHotter temperatures bring about numerous threats to public health High temperatures combine with sunlight nitrogen oxides and volatile organic com-pounds to create ozone ldquosmogrdquo which damages the respiratory system reduces lung function and aggravates asthma and other respiratory diseases55 The Union of Concerned Scientists estimates that by 2020 students in the United States could experience more than 900000 additional missed school days and seniors and infants could experience more than 5000 additional hospitalizations due to increases of ozone smog exposure that result from the higher temperatures caused by global warming56 Higher temperatures will also allow pollen allergens such as ragweed to proliferate causing those who suf-fer from seasonal allergies to experience worsening symptoms such as hay fever and asthma57

Global warming can also be expected to increase the number of deaths caused by heat stress58 Exces-sive heat events happen when high temperatures combine with other weather conditions ndash such as dew point temperature cloud cover wind speed and surface atmospheric pressure throughout the day ndash

18 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

and contribute to heat-related deaths in a particular location59 According to a 2012 study by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) excessive heat events caused by global warming could kill up to 150000 people in Americarsquos 40 largest cities by the end of the century60

Higher temperatures may also change the patterns of occurrence of various infectious diseases A 2009 study for example found a correlation between warmer temperatures and increased reports of infec-tion by West Nile Virus61 Global warming may also increase the risk of more frequent and more wide-spread outbreaks of waterborne illnesses by allow-ing warm-water pathogens to expand into cooler climates or by exposing more urban water bodies to sewage contamination after ooding caused by major precipitation events according to NRDC62

Increases in droughts and ooding caused by global warming can also reduce water available for drinking or for irrigation they can also harm crops directly diminishing food variety nutritional content and availability all of which can contribute to malnutri-tion and the spread of disease63 Finally sea-level rise and disasters such as strong storms and oods can damage urban infrastructure and displace existing communities64

Global warming pollutants are not the only emis-sions from power plants that harm human health For example in 2010 two-thirds of all airborne mercury pollution in the United States came from the smokestacks of coal-red power plants65 Mercury is a potent neurotoxicant and exposure to mercury during critical periods of brain development can contribute to irreversible decits in verbal skills dam-age to attention and motor control and reduced IQ66 Coal- and natural gas-red power plants also emit nitrogen oxides (NOX) which exacerbate ozone smog pollution as well as other pollutants that contrib-ute to particulate matter and acid rain Like smog particulate matter pollution contributes to a host of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments67 Sulfur

dioxide too is a respiratory irritant for sensitive populations68 In addition it is a major component of acid rain that has damaged forests across the eastern United States69

Cleaning Up US Power Plants Would Cut Carbon Pollution at a Global ScaleHumanity as a whole must limit emissions to no more than 1 trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide from 2000 through 2050 in order to have a 75 percent chance of limiting the global temperature increase to 36deg F (2deg C) above the pre-industrial era ndash a target the international community has set to limit the most severe global warming impacts70 For the world this means that emissions will need to peak by 2015 and decline by more than half by 2050 to have a chance at preventing the worst impacts of climate change71 For the United States and other developed countries emission reductions must occur more quickly and more steeply with reductions of at least 25 to 40 per-cent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 to 95 percent by 205072

As of 2011 annual US greenhouse gas emissions were still 10 percent above 1990 levels73 The annual emissions from a small group of the nationrsquos dirti-est power plants are greatly hindering our ability to meet the emissions reduction targets necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming Replac-ing these power plants with zero-emission energy sources such as wind and solar power or eliminating the need for the power they produce through en-ergy e$ciency and conservation would reduce US greenhouse gas emissions to 11 percent below 1990 levels even in the absence of other eorts to reduce emissions74

Limiting carbon dioxide pollution from new and ex-isting power plants is one of the most eective ways to reduce US global warming pollution in the short run and for decades to come reducing the risk that

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 19

emissions will reach a level that triggers dangerous irreversible climate change impacts

Adopting federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution from power plants as part of a suite of policies to reduce global warming pollution at all levels of gov-ernment would help the United States achieve 2020 emissions reduction targets ndash even in the absence of a federal economy-wide cap on carbon pollu-tion For example Environment America Research amp Policy Centerrsquos 2011 report The Way Forward on Global Warming demonstrated that with a suite of

local state and federal policies to increase energy e$ciency deploy clean energy technologies and improve public transportation the United States could curb emissions of carbon dioxide from en-ergy use by as much as 35 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 20 percent below 1990 levels by 203075 A nationwide cap on carbon pollution from all sources ndash not just power plants ndash would al-low the United States to make the remaining emis-sions reductions necessary to prevent the worst impacts of global warming

20 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants

The unprecedented threat that global warm-ing poses to our health our safety and our environment demands that the United

States takes urgent action to reduce emissions of global warming pollution However US power plants currently face no federal limits on the amount of carbon dioxide pollution they can emit

Given the enormous share of global warming pollu-tion contributed by US power plants limiting car-bon dioxide emissions from both new and existing power plants must be a key part of any strategy to reduce US global warming emissions Fortunately the rst steps toward setting these standards are already being taken On June 25 2013 President Obama announced his plan to address global warm-ing through executive action using existing statu-tory authority and funds76 The two most important elements of this plan are nalizing carbon emissions standards for new power plants and directing the EPA to quickly propose and implement a limit on existing plants77

The EPA proposed a limit on new power plants in March 2012 Since then the EPA has received more than 32 million public comments supporting limiting carbon pollution from power plants and President Obama has asked the EPA to re-propose a carbon pollution standard for new power plants by September 20 201378

The originally proposed limit restricts global warm-ing pollution for facilities 25 megawatts (MW) or

larger to 1000 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity they produce79 According to the EPA this standard was based on commonly used combined-cycle natural gas power plants ndash a standard that new coal plants are highly unlikely to meet80 Existing coal plants produce an average of 2180 lbs CO2MWh with the worst plants producing more than 3000 lbs CO2MWh81

The EPA has yet to propose a standard for existing power plants a large portion of which are aging coal-red plants However the president has directed the EPA to propose and submit carbon pollution limits for existing plants by June 2014 and to nalize those limits the following year82 (See ldquoThe Long Road to Carbon Pollution Limitsrdquo on page 21)

Some states already limit carbon pollution from pow-er plants California has an economy-wide cap on car-bon dioxide emissions and nine states from Maine to Maryland participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) which caps pollution from power plants in the Northeast Once nalized the EPArsquos carbon pollution limits for all new power plants nationwide would go a long way toward reducing future US global warming pollution However the agency must also move quickly to establish strong federal standards for existing power plants ndash and force the nationrsquos largest sources of carbon pollution to clean up

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 21

e Long Road to Carbon Pollution LimitsThe Obama administrationrsquos recent actions indicating progress toward carbon dioxide pollution from power plants are the culmination of a 14-year campaign to clean up the nationrsquos power plants In 1999 one year after the EPA declined to include carbon dioxide pollution limits in new vehicle emissions standards 19 environmental and public interest groups petitioned the EPA to classify carbon dioxide as an air pollutant subject to the Clean Air Act regulation83 They cited car-bon dioxidersquos contribution to global warming ndash which threatens human health and the environ-ment ndash as rationale for regulation84

In 2003 the EPA released an o$cial statement that it did not believe the Act authorized the EPA to regulate global warming pollution and that even if it did authorize regulating greenhouse gases the EPA objected to doing so on policy grounds85 However the US Supreme Court dis-agreed with the EPA in 2007 ruling with several states and environmental groups that the EPA does indeed have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases and that its policy objections were insu$cient to decline to regulate86 The court also directed the EPA to determine if greenhouse gases contribute to global warming and if so whether global warming endangered public health and welfare87 By the end of 2009 the EPA o$cially determined that emissions of carbon dioxide endanger public health and welfare by contributing to global warming88

In December 2010 the EPA announced its plan to release new performance standards and manda-tory emissions guidelines for all new fossil fuel-red power plants89 The EPA proposed an interim carbon pollution standard for new power plants in April 2012 that is in eect until a rule can be nalized90 This step set the rst-ever national limits on the amount of carbon pollution power plants can emit91

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

3Au

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

Che

naAu

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

034

4N

orth

Pol

eG

olde

n Va

lley

Elec

Ass

n In

c0

30

5H

ealy

Gol

den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

ama

Pow

er C

o7

33

4W

idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

06

5C

olbe

rtTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

Ente

rgy

Arka

nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

Ene

rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

2

79

AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t15

92

430

81

57

46

2Sp

ringe

rvill

eTu

cson

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

o11

45

3C

holla

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o7

45

4C

oron

ado

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

75

19

12

2

2D

elta

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Del

ta E

nerg

y C

ente

r LL

C1

64

3H

ayne

sLo

s An

gele

s D

epar

tmen

t of

Wat

er amp

Pow

er1

49

4C

osum

nes

Sacr

amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

5El

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o7

21

3C

hero

kee

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

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01

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wne

ePu

blic

Ser

vice

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of C

olor

ado

305

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ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

2M

ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

Pow

er C

o L

LC1

54

3Br

idge

port

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

Brid

gepo

rt E

nerg

y L

LC1

08

4Kl

een

Ener

gy S

yste

ms

Proj

ect

Klee

n En

ergy

Sys

tem

s L

LC0

70

5Br

idge

port

Sta

tion

PSEG

Pow

er C

onne

ctic

ut L

LC0

53

DC

1Be

nnin

gPo

tom

ac P

ower

Res

ourc

es0

110

210

06

6

2U

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

nU

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

n0

05

3Bu

zzar

d Po

int

Poto

mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

DE

1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

Pow

er P

ark

JEA

655

GA

1Sc

here

rG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

213

252

176

46

34

2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o14

24

3W

ansle

yG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

719

4H

arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

Rath

drum

Pow

er L

LCRa

thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

003

4Ru

pert

Cog

en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

Ope

ratio

ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

Cle

arw

ater

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er C

orpo

ratio

n0

02

IL1

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win

Ene

rgy

Com

plex

Dyn

egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

Gib

son

Duk

e En

ergy

Indi

ana

Inc

169

558

752

52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

Indi

anap

olis

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o10

05

4R

M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

LC7

01

3Br

ame

Ener

gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

Poi

nt L

LCG

enO

n C

halk

Poi

nt L

LC3

79

4H

erbe

rt A

Wag

ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

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e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

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5M

ayo

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ress

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rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

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at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

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ilton

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oung

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nkot

a Po

wer

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p In

c5

56

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land

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sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

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p3

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5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

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rask

a Pu

blic

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er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

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ic P

ower

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rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

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ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

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ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

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Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

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wer

-Sec

tor

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l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

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re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

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2PS

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inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

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EG F

ossil

LLC

213

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d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

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udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

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EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

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oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

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wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

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49

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len

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m P

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Tenn

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Auth

ority

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5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

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o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

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wer

-Sec

tor

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l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

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olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

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tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

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nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

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nt C

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ch P

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n C

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int

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ing

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ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

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138

849

369

75

52

2Fi

rstE

nerg

y H

arris

on P

ower

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tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

erAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

850

4M

itche

llO

hio

Pow

er C

o8

37

5M

t S

torm

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inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

818

WY

1Jim

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ger

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fiCor

p12

87

381

89

66

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ram

ie R

iver

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ctric

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er C

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122

1

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ave

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ston

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fiCor

p5

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augh

ton

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fiCor

p5

34

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icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 2: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

Written by

Jordan Schneider and Travis Madsen Frontier Group

Julian Boggs Environment America Research amp Policy Center

September 2013

Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Their Oversized Contribution to Global Warming

and What We Can Do About It

AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank Je Deyette Senior Energy Analyst at Union of Concerned Scientists Liz Perera Senior Washington Representative and Debbie Sease Legislative Director at Sierra Club Mike Obeiter Senior Associate Climate and Energy Program at World Resources Institute Starla Yeh Policy Analyst Climate and Clean Air Program at Natural Resources Defense Council and others for providing useful feedback and insightful suggestions on drafts of this report We also thank Frank Iannuzzi at Environment America Research amp Policy Center for contributing to this report and Tony Dutzik and Ben Davis at Frontier Group for providing editorial support

The authors bear responsibility for any factual errors The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reect the views of our funders or those who provided review

copy 2013 Environment Minnesota Research amp Policy Center

The Environment Minnesota Research amp Policy Center is a 501(c)(3) organization We are dedicated to protecting Minnesotarsquos air water and open spaces We investigate problems craft solutions educate the public and decision-makers and help Minnesotans make their voices heard in local state and national

debates over the quality of our environment and our lives For more information about Environment Minnesota Research amp Policy Center or for additional copies of this report please visit wwwenvironmentminnesotacenterorg

Frontier Group conducts independent research and policy analysis to support a cleaner healthier and more democratic society Our mission is to inject accurate information and compelling ideas into public policy debates at the local state and federal levels For more information about Frontier Group please visit wwwfrontiergrouporg

Cover photo Georgia Power Companyrsquos Plant Scherer in Juliette Georgia is the nationrsquos most-polluting power plant Each year it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption in Maine See Table 1 in report

Photo Credit TinRoof Marketing amp Design

Cover design Kathleen Krushas To the Point Publications wwwtothepointpublicationscom

Table of ContentsExecutive Summary 4

Introduction 8

e Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 10

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 16

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 20

Policy Recommendations 22

Methodology 24

Appendices 26

Notes 42

4 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Executive Summary

Global warming is one of the most profound threats of our time and wersquore already start-ing to feel the impacts ndash especially when it

comes to extreme weather From Hurricane Sandy to devastating droughts and deadly heat waves ex-treme weather events threaten our safety our health and our environment and scientists predict things will only get worse for future generations unless we cut the dangerous global warming pollution that is fueling the problem Power plants are the largest source of global warming pollution in the United States responsible for 41 percent of the nationrsquos production of carbon dioxide pollution the leading greenhouse gas driving global warming

Americarsquos power plants are among the most signi-cant sources of carbon dioxide pollution in the world The 50 most-polluting US power plants emit more than 2 percent of the worldrsquos energy-related carbon dioxide pollution ndash or more pollution than every nation except six worldwide

Despite their enormous contribution to global warm-ing US power plants do not face any federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution To protect our health our safety and our environment from the worst impacts of global warming the United States should clean up the dirtiest power plants

A small handful of the dirtiest power plants produce a massive and disproportionate share of the nationrsquos global warming pollution

In 2011 the US power sector contributed 41 percent of all US emissions of carbon dioxide the leading pollutant driving global warming

There are nearly 6000 electricity generating facili-ties in the United States but most of the global warming pollution emitted by the US power sector comes from a handful of exceptionally dirty power plants For example about 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions in 2011 came from the 50 dirtiest power plants about half came from the 100 dirtiest plants and about 90 percent came from the 500 dirtiest plants (See Figure ES-1)

Figure ES-1 The 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute Significantly to US Carbon Dioxide Pollution (Million Metric Tons ndash MMT) 2011

Executive Summary 5

The dirtiest power plant in the United States Georgia Powerrsquos Plant Scherer produced more than 21 million metric tons of carbon dioxide in 2011 ndash more than the total energy-related emissions of Maine (See Table ES-1)

Dirty power plants produce a disproportionate share of the nationrsquos global warming pollution ndash especially given the relatively small share of total electricity they produce For example despite producing 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions the 50 dirtiest power plants only produced 16 percent of the nationrsquos electricity in 2011

The dirtiest US power plants are major sources of global warming pollution on a global scale

If the 50 most-polluting US power plants were an independent nation they would be the seventh-largest emitter of carbon dioxide in the world behind Germany and ahead of South Korea (See Figure ES-2) These power plants emitted carbon dioxide pollution equivalent to more than half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States in 2010

Table ES-1 Emissions Equivalencies for the Nationrsquos Top Emitters of Global Warming Pollution

Total 2011

Emissions (Million Metric Tons of

Carbon Dioxide)

Percent of Total US

Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Percent of Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions from

Energy UseThese Plants Produce Carbon Dioxide

Greater Than or Equivalent Tohellip

Top Polluting Plant (Scherer

Power Plant GA)21 04 01

The total energy-related emissions of Maine

The pollution produced by electricity use in all New England homes in a year

Top 10 Polluting Power Plants

179 34 05

The pollution emitted by all the passenger vehicles in New York and California

The total energy-related emissions of Venezuela

Top 50 Polluting Power Plants

656 124 20

Half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States

The total energy-related emissions of Texas

Top 100 Polluting Power Plants

1052 199 32

The emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States

The pollution produced by electricity use in all US homes in a year

6 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

China UnitedStates

All USPowerPlants

India Russia Japan Germany 50 DirtiestUS

PowerPlants

SouthKorea

Canada

Figure ES-2 Carbon Dioxide Pollution Emitted by the 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Compared to Other Countries (MMT CO2)

The 100 most-polluting US power plants produced more than 3 percent of the worldrsquos carbon dioxide emissions from energy use in 2011 while the 500 most-polluting power plants were responsible for about 6 percent

To protect our health our safety and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up polluting power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions from all exist-ing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should work to meet its Sep-tember 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nal-izing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emis-sions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 2015 The standards should be based on the most recent climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reduction targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

Executive Summary 7

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal levels to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors In particular the United States should prioritize es-tablishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash including trans-portation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renewable energy

at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electricity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transportation fuels

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further rider-ship increases through better transit service and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Green-house Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeast-ern state and implementing Californiarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

8 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Introduction

It doesnrsquot take a trip to the Arctic Circle to see evidence of global warming these days The im-pacts of a warming planet are now appearing

on our doorsteps making headlines in the morning paper The United States has seen much more than its usual share of extreme downpours and intense heat waves in recent years and emerging science links the increase in frequency and severity of some of these events to global warming1 New research also shows that a warmer world is likely to exacer-bate the impacts of extreme weather events such as hurricanes oods drought and wildres2 Many extreme weather events of 2012 foreshadow the kind of disruption global warming may cause in the future From the late-season ldquosuperstormrdquo Hurricane Sandy wreaking havoc on the East Coast to early-season wildres destroying thousands of homes in the West to year-round drought conditions parch-ing the largest area of the continental US since 1956 extreme weather events are occurring with increasing frequency and severity3

Since 2007 federally declared weather-related disasters in the United States have aected counties housing 243 million people ndash or nearly four out of ve Americans4 These events have caused billions of dollars in economic damage have harmed our natural environment and have jeopardized the lives of thousands of people Climate science tells us that the impacts of these events will only worsen

for future generations unless we immediately and dramatically reduce the dangerous carbon pollution that is fueling the problem Meeting that challenge can seem overwhelming and itrsquos certainly not going to be easy But the United States and the world can make a major down-payment toward those emission reductions by cleaning up our biggest sources of pollution

In the case of the United States that means power plants As this report will show a small number of dirty power plants make a massive and dispropor-tionate contribution to the nationrsquos global warming emissions Cleaning up our existing power plants ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power plants ndash would make a signicant dier-ence in ghting global warming

For the rst time in history the United States is preparing to take action to clean up these massive sources of carbon pollution In 2012 the Environ-mental Protection Agency (EPA) issued the rst-ever pollution standards for new power plants and this summer President Obama directed the EPA to estab-lish a standard for existing power plants by 20155

By nalizing strong carbon pollution standards for new and existing power plants the US will seize one of its best available opportunities to signicantly re-duce carbon pollution ndash helping to forestall the worst impacts of global warming for future generations

Introduction 9

Photo Keith Syvinski

By nalizing strong carbon pollution standards for new and existing power plants the US will seize one of its best available opportunities to signicantly reduce carbon pollution ndash helping to forestall the worst impacts of global warming for future generations

Indiana Michigan Power Companyrsquos coal-fired Rockport power plant in Spencer County Indiana is the 11th largest emitter of carbon dioxide pollution in the US power sector It produces global warming pollution equivalent to that produced by 32 million passenger vehicles in a year See Table A-2 in Appendix

10 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon dioxide is the leading greenhouse gas driving global warming and power plants are the largest source of carbon dioxide

pollution in the United States6 Burning fossil fuels for electricity generation produced about 41 percent of total US carbon dioxide emissions in 20117 A disproportionate share of these power-sector carbon dioxide emissions come from a small subset of the nationrsquos dirtiest power plants particularly coal-red power plants However despite their enormous contribution to global warming US power plants currently face no federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution Cleaning up these dirty power plants with strong nationwide pollution standards is one of the most important steps the US can take to curb global warming pollution

e 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute a Massive and Disproportionate Share of Carbon Dioxide EmissionsThere are nearly 6000 electricity generating facilities in the United States but most of the global warming pollution emitted by the US power sector comes from a handful of exceptionally dirty power plants8 These dirty power plants also produce a dispropor-tionately large amount of the nationrsquos total global warming pollution For example just one of these

dirty power plants Georgia Powerrsquos Plant Scherer produces more global warming pollution each year than all the energy-related emissions of Maine9

In 2011 the 50 dirtiest US power plants were responsible for 30 percent of all US power-sector emissions of carbon dioxide 12 percent of total US energy-related emissions and 2 percent of worldwide energy-related emissions10 (See Figure 1) If the 50 dirtiest power plants were an independent nation they would be the seventh-largest emitter of carbon dioxide pollution in the world behind Germany and ahead of South Korea11 (See Figure 2) Their emissions in 2011 were greater than half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States in 201012 (See Table 1 for additional comparisons)

The 100 dirtiest plants were responsible for about half of total carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector in 2011 and more than 3 percent of total worldwide emissions from energy use13

The 500 dirtiest power plants were responsible for around 90 percent of total carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector and about 6 percent of total worldwide emissions from energy use14

e Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 11

Figure 1 The 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute Significantly to US Carbon Dioxide Emissions

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

China UnitedStates

All USPowerPlants

India Russia Japan Germany 50 DirtiestUS

PowerPlants

SouthKorea

Canada

Figure 2 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Pollution Emitted by the 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Compared to CO2

Pollution in Other Countries (MMT)

12 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

e Dirtiest Power Plants Are Old and InecientCoal-red power plants are among the biggest sources of carbon dioxide pollution in the electric power sector24 In fact 98 of the nationrsquos 100 most-polluting power plants in terms of total carbon di-oxide emissions are coal plants among the top 500 317 (63 percent) are coal plants25 The remainder are older oil and gas-red power plants (See Table A-2 in Appendix)

Most of the nationrsquos coal plants are old and inef-cient About 74 percent of US coal plants were at least 30 years old at the end of 2012 and about half were 40 to 60 years old according to the Energy

Table 1 Emissions Equivalencies for the Nationrsquos Top Emitters of Global Warming Pollution15

Total 2011 Emissions

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon

Dioxide)

Percent of Total US Carbon

Dioxide Emissions

Percent of Global Carbon

Dioxide Emissions from

Energy UseThese Plants Produce Carbon Dioxide

Greater Than or Equivalent Tohellip

Top Polluting Plant (Scherer

Power Plant GA)

21 04 01

The total energy-related emissions of Maine16

The pollution produced by electricity use in all New England homes in a year17

Top 10 Polluting

Power Plants 179 34 05

The pollution emitted by all the passen-ger vehicles in New York and California18

The total energy-related emissions of Venezuela19

Top 50 Polluting

Power Plants656 124 20

Half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States20

The total energy-related emission of Texas21

Top 100 Polluting

Power Plants1052 199 32

The emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States22

The pollution produced by electricity use in all US homes in a year23

Information Administration (EIA)26 Coal plants are not designed to last much longer than 30 years but coal companies routinely renovate these plants to extend their lifetimes27 Still many of these plants are ine$cient to operate so power providers run them at only a fraction of their full capacity or for shorter periods of time which results in a lower ldquocapacity factorrdquo (the ratio of a power plantrsquos actual output compared to its full capacity) for the oldest and dirtiest plants In 2009 the average capacity factor for the whole US coal eet was 64 percent with about 40 percent reporting capacity factors below 30 percent28

Although many coal plants today are underutilized because of their age and ine$ciency they remain

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 13

among the worst contributors to global warming pollution For example coal-red power plants were responsible for nearly 80 percent of the global warming pollution produced by electric power plants in 2011 even though they pro-duced only 42 percent of the nationrsquos electricity29 The 50 dirtiest plants produced 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions but only 16 percent of electricity nationwide in 201130 In some states this imbalance is even more ex-treme (See Figure 3)

Figure 3 Share of Statewide Power-Sector Emissions vs Share of Electricity Generation for Top 5 Emitters in 20 States31

81

82

83

85

88

88

89

89

90

91

92

93

93

94

96

96

97

99

99

100

22

11

40

46

35

60

44

46

78

69

8

65

50

23

52

48

3

53

49

46

0 20 40 60 80 100

AZMETN

MNWA

KSWYORUTID

AKNDNE

NMMTVTNH

RIDESD

Top 5 Shareof TotalElectricityGeneration(2011)

Top 5 Shareof TotalPower-SectorEmissions(2011)

In some states emissions from a handful of the dirtiest power plants can exceed emissions from the rest of the economy including the industrial and transportation sectors For example in ve states ndash Wyoming Montana North Dakota West Virginia and New Mexico ndash the ve dirtiest power plants are responsible for about half of total state-wide energy-related emissions and in 31 states these top polluters are responsible for at least one-quarter of statewide energy-related emis-sions (See Table 2 and Table A-3 in the Appendix)

14 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table 2 Emissions of Top 5 Polluting Plants as a Share of Power-Sector and Statewide Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions in 50 States 201132

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Wyoming 381 89 59Montana 161 96 55

North Dakota 271 93 52West Virginia 493 69 52New Mexico 291 94 50

Utah 306 90 49Arizona 430 81 46

Nebraska 247 93 45Arkansas 320 92 45

Kansas 308 88 41Alabama 481 63 36Delaware 39 99 36

North Carolina 430 71 36Missouri 501 62 35Georgia 521 76 34

Iowa 297 75 34Kentucky 504 54 34

South Carolina 263 70 34Tennessee 344 83 34Oklahoma 350 69 32

Hawaii 56 77 31New Hampshire 49 97 31

Wisconsin 291 67 29Maryland 186 80 28

Nevada 93 64 28Colorado 262 67 28

Rhode Island 35 99 28Michigan 428 64 27

Indiana 587 52 27Minnesota 263 85 27Mississippi 141 61 25

Ohio 547 50 24South Dakota 29 100 23Pennsylvania 557 48 22

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 15

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Oregon 59 89 22Illinois 440 46 19

Virginia 168 60 19Florida 417 37 18

Massachusetts 105 66 16Connecticut 59 75 16Washington 67 88 15

Louisiana 350 61 12Maine 28 82 11Texas 746 30 10

New Jersey 99 64 10New York 110 32 7

Alaska 28 75 6Idaho 04 91 4

California 75 19 2Vermont 00 96 0

Despite the large contribution of fossil fuel-red power plants to US global warming emissions neither these highly polluting plants nor proposed new power plants face any federal regulations limit-ing emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse

gases As a result these power plants have emitted carbon dioxide pollution unchecked for decades and there is no guarantee that new power plants will be built in ways that minimize their contribution to global warming

Table 2 (continued)

16 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming

Global warming threatens our health our safety and our environment Rising global average temperatures and other climate

impacts have already resulted in extreme precipita-tion events and heat waves in the United States and climate science tells us that global warming will likely lead to further changes in weather extremes34 Extreme weather events such as Hurricane Sandy extended droughts heat waves and oods caused by heavy precipitation are likely to become more common in a warming world35 At the same time global warming-induced sea-level rise changes in summer and winter precipitation patterns and eco-system changes could reduce the ability of natural and man-made systems to withstand even normal weather events

To avoid the worst impacts of global warming worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants will have to peak roughly three years from now and then decline quickly and dramatically ndash dropping by more than 50 percent by 205036 In the United States addressing this chal-lenge means cleaning up our biggest sources of global warming pollution ndash especially dirty power plants which are responsible for more than 40 per-cent of our emissions of carbon dioxide each year37

A handful of exceptionally dirty power plants are the worst contributors to this problem By focusing on cleaning up power plants ndash our countryrsquos largest single source of carbon pollution ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power

plants in the United States America can make a meaningful dierence in preventing the worst im-pacts of global warming

e US must act now to prevent the worst impacts of global warmingIn 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ndash the worldrsquos foremost scientic authority on the subject ndash concluded that ldquowarm-ing of the climate system is unequivocalrdquo and that ldquo[m]ost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropo-genic [greenhouse gas] concentrationsrdquo38 In 2013 in a draft of its upcoming Fifth Assessment Report on climate change the IPCC strengthened this asser-tion citing ldquonear certaintyrdquo that global warming is human-caused and suggesting that seas could rise by as much as three feet by the end of the century if greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated39

Clear signs of global warming have already begun to emerge

Global average sea and air temperatures in 2010 were tied for the hottest on record according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-istration (NOAA)40 2001 to 2010 was the hottest decade on record with average temperatures estimated to be 083˚F hotter than the 1961-1990 norm41 2010 was also the wettest year on record based on global average precipitation42

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 17

Oceans have absorbed 80 percent of the extra heat in the climate system causing ocean water to expand43 Coupled with melting glaciers this has caused sea levels to rise by about eight inches ndash with the rate of increase accelerating44

Hurricanes have become more intense and the frequency of extreme rain and snowstorms has increased45

At the same time droughts in many parts of the world have become longer and more severe especially in the tropics and subtropics46

In the United States warmer average annual temperatures are connected to increases in extreme precipitation and more intense heat waves Furthermore the US has experienced an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events including oods prolonged drought more intense wildres and stronger tropi-cal storms and hurricanes47

The more global warming pollution that humanity emits the more serious the consequences And the changes will be largely irreversible for a thousand years after emissions stop48

On our current emissions path humanity risks in-creasing the average global temperature by 4degC (72degF) or more (above the pre-industrial era) by the end of this century even if current emission reduc-tion commitments and pledges are met according to a 2012 report by the World Bank49 Warming on this scale would have catastrophic consequences includ-ing

Sea level rise of as much as 3 feet in the next century causing extensive coastal inundation and increasing the risk of storm surge ooding in major coastal cities50 By 2300 global mean sea levels could rise as high as 13 feet above present-day levels51

A 150 percent increase in ocean acidity above pre-industrial levels resulting in wide-ranging negative impacts on marine species and ecosys-tems with particularly severe damage to coral reefs and sheries52

An increase of 20-30 percent in the amount of precipitation falling during heavy rainstorms increasing the risk of major ooding events in many parts of the world53

Increasing aridity drought and extreme tempera-tures in Africa southern Europe and the Middle East and most of the Americas Australia and Southeast Asia54

Global Warming Endangers Public HealthHotter temperatures bring about numerous threats to public health High temperatures combine with sunlight nitrogen oxides and volatile organic com-pounds to create ozone ldquosmogrdquo which damages the respiratory system reduces lung function and aggravates asthma and other respiratory diseases55 The Union of Concerned Scientists estimates that by 2020 students in the United States could experience more than 900000 additional missed school days and seniors and infants could experience more than 5000 additional hospitalizations due to increases of ozone smog exposure that result from the higher temperatures caused by global warming56 Higher temperatures will also allow pollen allergens such as ragweed to proliferate causing those who suf-fer from seasonal allergies to experience worsening symptoms such as hay fever and asthma57

Global warming can also be expected to increase the number of deaths caused by heat stress58 Exces-sive heat events happen when high temperatures combine with other weather conditions ndash such as dew point temperature cloud cover wind speed and surface atmospheric pressure throughout the day ndash

18 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

and contribute to heat-related deaths in a particular location59 According to a 2012 study by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) excessive heat events caused by global warming could kill up to 150000 people in Americarsquos 40 largest cities by the end of the century60

Higher temperatures may also change the patterns of occurrence of various infectious diseases A 2009 study for example found a correlation between warmer temperatures and increased reports of infec-tion by West Nile Virus61 Global warming may also increase the risk of more frequent and more wide-spread outbreaks of waterborne illnesses by allow-ing warm-water pathogens to expand into cooler climates or by exposing more urban water bodies to sewage contamination after ooding caused by major precipitation events according to NRDC62

Increases in droughts and ooding caused by global warming can also reduce water available for drinking or for irrigation they can also harm crops directly diminishing food variety nutritional content and availability all of which can contribute to malnutri-tion and the spread of disease63 Finally sea-level rise and disasters such as strong storms and oods can damage urban infrastructure and displace existing communities64

Global warming pollutants are not the only emis-sions from power plants that harm human health For example in 2010 two-thirds of all airborne mercury pollution in the United States came from the smokestacks of coal-red power plants65 Mercury is a potent neurotoxicant and exposure to mercury during critical periods of brain development can contribute to irreversible decits in verbal skills dam-age to attention and motor control and reduced IQ66 Coal- and natural gas-red power plants also emit nitrogen oxides (NOX) which exacerbate ozone smog pollution as well as other pollutants that contrib-ute to particulate matter and acid rain Like smog particulate matter pollution contributes to a host of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments67 Sulfur

dioxide too is a respiratory irritant for sensitive populations68 In addition it is a major component of acid rain that has damaged forests across the eastern United States69

Cleaning Up US Power Plants Would Cut Carbon Pollution at a Global ScaleHumanity as a whole must limit emissions to no more than 1 trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide from 2000 through 2050 in order to have a 75 percent chance of limiting the global temperature increase to 36deg F (2deg C) above the pre-industrial era ndash a target the international community has set to limit the most severe global warming impacts70 For the world this means that emissions will need to peak by 2015 and decline by more than half by 2050 to have a chance at preventing the worst impacts of climate change71 For the United States and other developed countries emission reductions must occur more quickly and more steeply with reductions of at least 25 to 40 per-cent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 to 95 percent by 205072

As of 2011 annual US greenhouse gas emissions were still 10 percent above 1990 levels73 The annual emissions from a small group of the nationrsquos dirti-est power plants are greatly hindering our ability to meet the emissions reduction targets necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming Replac-ing these power plants with zero-emission energy sources such as wind and solar power or eliminating the need for the power they produce through en-ergy e$ciency and conservation would reduce US greenhouse gas emissions to 11 percent below 1990 levels even in the absence of other eorts to reduce emissions74

Limiting carbon dioxide pollution from new and ex-isting power plants is one of the most eective ways to reduce US global warming pollution in the short run and for decades to come reducing the risk that

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 19

emissions will reach a level that triggers dangerous irreversible climate change impacts

Adopting federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution from power plants as part of a suite of policies to reduce global warming pollution at all levels of gov-ernment would help the United States achieve 2020 emissions reduction targets ndash even in the absence of a federal economy-wide cap on carbon pollu-tion For example Environment America Research amp Policy Centerrsquos 2011 report The Way Forward on Global Warming demonstrated that with a suite of

local state and federal policies to increase energy e$ciency deploy clean energy technologies and improve public transportation the United States could curb emissions of carbon dioxide from en-ergy use by as much as 35 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 20 percent below 1990 levels by 203075 A nationwide cap on carbon pollution from all sources ndash not just power plants ndash would al-low the United States to make the remaining emis-sions reductions necessary to prevent the worst impacts of global warming

20 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants

The unprecedented threat that global warm-ing poses to our health our safety and our environment demands that the United

States takes urgent action to reduce emissions of global warming pollution However US power plants currently face no federal limits on the amount of carbon dioxide pollution they can emit

Given the enormous share of global warming pollu-tion contributed by US power plants limiting car-bon dioxide emissions from both new and existing power plants must be a key part of any strategy to reduce US global warming emissions Fortunately the rst steps toward setting these standards are already being taken On June 25 2013 President Obama announced his plan to address global warm-ing through executive action using existing statu-tory authority and funds76 The two most important elements of this plan are nalizing carbon emissions standards for new power plants and directing the EPA to quickly propose and implement a limit on existing plants77

The EPA proposed a limit on new power plants in March 2012 Since then the EPA has received more than 32 million public comments supporting limiting carbon pollution from power plants and President Obama has asked the EPA to re-propose a carbon pollution standard for new power plants by September 20 201378

The originally proposed limit restricts global warm-ing pollution for facilities 25 megawatts (MW) or

larger to 1000 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity they produce79 According to the EPA this standard was based on commonly used combined-cycle natural gas power plants ndash a standard that new coal plants are highly unlikely to meet80 Existing coal plants produce an average of 2180 lbs CO2MWh with the worst plants producing more than 3000 lbs CO2MWh81

The EPA has yet to propose a standard for existing power plants a large portion of which are aging coal-red plants However the president has directed the EPA to propose and submit carbon pollution limits for existing plants by June 2014 and to nalize those limits the following year82 (See ldquoThe Long Road to Carbon Pollution Limitsrdquo on page 21)

Some states already limit carbon pollution from pow-er plants California has an economy-wide cap on car-bon dioxide emissions and nine states from Maine to Maryland participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) which caps pollution from power plants in the Northeast Once nalized the EPArsquos carbon pollution limits for all new power plants nationwide would go a long way toward reducing future US global warming pollution However the agency must also move quickly to establish strong federal standards for existing power plants ndash and force the nationrsquos largest sources of carbon pollution to clean up

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 21

e Long Road to Carbon Pollution LimitsThe Obama administrationrsquos recent actions indicating progress toward carbon dioxide pollution from power plants are the culmination of a 14-year campaign to clean up the nationrsquos power plants In 1999 one year after the EPA declined to include carbon dioxide pollution limits in new vehicle emissions standards 19 environmental and public interest groups petitioned the EPA to classify carbon dioxide as an air pollutant subject to the Clean Air Act regulation83 They cited car-bon dioxidersquos contribution to global warming ndash which threatens human health and the environ-ment ndash as rationale for regulation84

In 2003 the EPA released an o$cial statement that it did not believe the Act authorized the EPA to regulate global warming pollution and that even if it did authorize regulating greenhouse gases the EPA objected to doing so on policy grounds85 However the US Supreme Court dis-agreed with the EPA in 2007 ruling with several states and environmental groups that the EPA does indeed have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases and that its policy objections were insu$cient to decline to regulate86 The court also directed the EPA to determine if greenhouse gases contribute to global warming and if so whether global warming endangered public health and welfare87 By the end of 2009 the EPA o$cially determined that emissions of carbon dioxide endanger public health and welfare by contributing to global warming88

In December 2010 the EPA announced its plan to release new performance standards and manda-tory emissions guidelines for all new fossil fuel-red power plants89 The EPA proposed an interim carbon pollution standard for new power plants in April 2012 that is in eect until a rule can be nalized90 This step set the rst-ever national limits on the amount of carbon pollution power plants can emit91

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

3Au

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

Che

naAu

rora

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rgy

LLC

034

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orth

Pol

eG

olde

n Va

lley

Elec

Ass

n In

c0

30

5H

ealy

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den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

ama

Pow

er C

o7

33

4W

idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

06

5C

olbe

rtTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

Ente

rgy

Arka

nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

Ene

rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

2

79

AZ1

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ajo

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Rive

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t15

92

430

81

57

46

2Sp

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Ele

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Pow

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o11

45

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Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

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Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

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ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

75

19

12

2

2D

elta

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rgy

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ter

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ta E

nerg

y C

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r LL

C1

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s D

epar

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t of

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er amp

Pow

er1

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osum

nes

Sacr

amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

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k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

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o7

21

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hero

kee

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ic S

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ce C

o o

f Col

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o4

01

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wne

ePu

blic

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vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

305

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ayde

nPu

blic

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vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

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ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

Pow

er C

o L

LC1

54

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idge

port

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rgy

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ect

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rt E

nerg

y L

LC1

08

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een

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gy S

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ms

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ect

Klee

n En

ergy

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tem

s L

LC0

70

5Br

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port

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tion

PSEG

Pow

er C

onne

ctic

ut L

LC0

53

DC

1Be

nnin

gPo

tom

ac P

ower

Res

ourc

es0

110

210

06

6

2U

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

nU

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

n0

05

3Bu

zzar

d Po

int

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mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

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1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

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rgy

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ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

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stal

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er

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ress

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rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

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g Be

ndTa

mpa

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ctric

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918

3W

est

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nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

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e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

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er P

ark

JEA

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here

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213

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46

34

2Bo

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rgia

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er C

o14

24

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ansle

yG

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719

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arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

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515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

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drum

Pow

er L

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thdr

um O

pera

ting

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ices

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0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

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nnet

t M

ount

ain

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003

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pert

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en P

roje

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ns G

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wat

er P

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ater

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plex

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egy

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wes

t G

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n In

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ppa

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mEl

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nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

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ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

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Gib

son

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e En

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ana

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169

558

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27

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n In

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a Pu

b Se

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14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

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r as a

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re o

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ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

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wre

nce

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gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

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ity ndash

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)1

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905

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ity7

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re R

iver

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ion

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n M

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er L

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nium

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er P

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ers

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92

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P Bl

acks

tone

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ect

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ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

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ny L

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82

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ando

n Sh

ores

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n Po

wer

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ding

s L

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28

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orga

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n G

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atin

g Pl

ant

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LLC

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n C

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nt L

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rt A

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ner

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n Po

wer

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ding

s L

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5D

icke

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On

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ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

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te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

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Appendices 41

Tab

le A

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he S

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42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 3: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank Je Deyette Senior Energy Analyst at Union of Concerned Scientists Liz Perera Senior Washington Representative and Debbie Sease Legislative Director at Sierra Club Mike Obeiter Senior Associate Climate and Energy Program at World Resources Institute Starla Yeh Policy Analyst Climate and Clean Air Program at Natural Resources Defense Council and others for providing useful feedback and insightful suggestions on drafts of this report We also thank Frank Iannuzzi at Environment America Research amp Policy Center for contributing to this report and Tony Dutzik and Ben Davis at Frontier Group for providing editorial support

The authors bear responsibility for any factual errors The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reect the views of our funders or those who provided review

copy 2013 Environment Minnesota Research amp Policy Center

The Environment Minnesota Research amp Policy Center is a 501(c)(3) organization We are dedicated to protecting Minnesotarsquos air water and open spaces We investigate problems craft solutions educate the public and decision-makers and help Minnesotans make their voices heard in local state and national

debates over the quality of our environment and our lives For more information about Environment Minnesota Research amp Policy Center or for additional copies of this report please visit wwwenvironmentminnesotacenterorg

Frontier Group conducts independent research and policy analysis to support a cleaner healthier and more democratic society Our mission is to inject accurate information and compelling ideas into public policy debates at the local state and federal levels For more information about Frontier Group please visit wwwfrontiergrouporg

Cover photo Georgia Power Companyrsquos Plant Scherer in Juliette Georgia is the nationrsquos most-polluting power plant Each year it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption in Maine See Table 1 in report

Photo Credit TinRoof Marketing amp Design

Cover design Kathleen Krushas To the Point Publications wwwtothepointpublicationscom

Table of ContentsExecutive Summary 4

Introduction 8

e Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 10

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 16

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 20

Policy Recommendations 22

Methodology 24

Appendices 26

Notes 42

4 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Executive Summary

Global warming is one of the most profound threats of our time and wersquore already start-ing to feel the impacts ndash especially when it

comes to extreme weather From Hurricane Sandy to devastating droughts and deadly heat waves ex-treme weather events threaten our safety our health and our environment and scientists predict things will only get worse for future generations unless we cut the dangerous global warming pollution that is fueling the problem Power plants are the largest source of global warming pollution in the United States responsible for 41 percent of the nationrsquos production of carbon dioxide pollution the leading greenhouse gas driving global warming

Americarsquos power plants are among the most signi-cant sources of carbon dioxide pollution in the world The 50 most-polluting US power plants emit more than 2 percent of the worldrsquos energy-related carbon dioxide pollution ndash or more pollution than every nation except six worldwide

Despite their enormous contribution to global warm-ing US power plants do not face any federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution To protect our health our safety and our environment from the worst impacts of global warming the United States should clean up the dirtiest power plants

A small handful of the dirtiest power plants produce a massive and disproportionate share of the nationrsquos global warming pollution

In 2011 the US power sector contributed 41 percent of all US emissions of carbon dioxide the leading pollutant driving global warming

There are nearly 6000 electricity generating facili-ties in the United States but most of the global warming pollution emitted by the US power sector comes from a handful of exceptionally dirty power plants For example about 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions in 2011 came from the 50 dirtiest power plants about half came from the 100 dirtiest plants and about 90 percent came from the 500 dirtiest plants (See Figure ES-1)

Figure ES-1 The 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute Significantly to US Carbon Dioxide Pollution (Million Metric Tons ndash MMT) 2011

Executive Summary 5

The dirtiest power plant in the United States Georgia Powerrsquos Plant Scherer produced more than 21 million metric tons of carbon dioxide in 2011 ndash more than the total energy-related emissions of Maine (See Table ES-1)

Dirty power plants produce a disproportionate share of the nationrsquos global warming pollution ndash especially given the relatively small share of total electricity they produce For example despite producing 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions the 50 dirtiest power plants only produced 16 percent of the nationrsquos electricity in 2011

The dirtiest US power plants are major sources of global warming pollution on a global scale

If the 50 most-polluting US power plants were an independent nation they would be the seventh-largest emitter of carbon dioxide in the world behind Germany and ahead of South Korea (See Figure ES-2) These power plants emitted carbon dioxide pollution equivalent to more than half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States in 2010

Table ES-1 Emissions Equivalencies for the Nationrsquos Top Emitters of Global Warming Pollution

Total 2011

Emissions (Million Metric Tons of

Carbon Dioxide)

Percent of Total US

Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Percent of Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions from

Energy UseThese Plants Produce Carbon Dioxide

Greater Than or Equivalent Tohellip

Top Polluting Plant (Scherer

Power Plant GA)21 04 01

The total energy-related emissions of Maine

The pollution produced by electricity use in all New England homes in a year

Top 10 Polluting Power Plants

179 34 05

The pollution emitted by all the passenger vehicles in New York and California

The total energy-related emissions of Venezuela

Top 50 Polluting Power Plants

656 124 20

Half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States

The total energy-related emissions of Texas

Top 100 Polluting Power Plants

1052 199 32

The emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States

The pollution produced by electricity use in all US homes in a year

6 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

China UnitedStates

All USPowerPlants

India Russia Japan Germany 50 DirtiestUS

PowerPlants

SouthKorea

Canada

Figure ES-2 Carbon Dioxide Pollution Emitted by the 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Compared to Other Countries (MMT CO2)

The 100 most-polluting US power plants produced more than 3 percent of the worldrsquos carbon dioxide emissions from energy use in 2011 while the 500 most-polluting power plants were responsible for about 6 percent

To protect our health our safety and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up polluting power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions from all exist-ing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should work to meet its Sep-tember 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nal-izing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emis-sions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 2015 The standards should be based on the most recent climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reduction targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

Executive Summary 7

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal levels to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors In particular the United States should prioritize es-tablishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash including trans-portation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renewable energy

at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electricity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transportation fuels

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further rider-ship increases through better transit service and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Green-house Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeast-ern state and implementing Californiarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

8 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Introduction

It doesnrsquot take a trip to the Arctic Circle to see evidence of global warming these days The im-pacts of a warming planet are now appearing

on our doorsteps making headlines in the morning paper The United States has seen much more than its usual share of extreme downpours and intense heat waves in recent years and emerging science links the increase in frequency and severity of some of these events to global warming1 New research also shows that a warmer world is likely to exacer-bate the impacts of extreme weather events such as hurricanes oods drought and wildres2 Many extreme weather events of 2012 foreshadow the kind of disruption global warming may cause in the future From the late-season ldquosuperstormrdquo Hurricane Sandy wreaking havoc on the East Coast to early-season wildres destroying thousands of homes in the West to year-round drought conditions parch-ing the largest area of the continental US since 1956 extreme weather events are occurring with increasing frequency and severity3

Since 2007 federally declared weather-related disasters in the United States have aected counties housing 243 million people ndash or nearly four out of ve Americans4 These events have caused billions of dollars in economic damage have harmed our natural environment and have jeopardized the lives of thousands of people Climate science tells us that the impacts of these events will only worsen

for future generations unless we immediately and dramatically reduce the dangerous carbon pollution that is fueling the problem Meeting that challenge can seem overwhelming and itrsquos certainly not going to be easy But the United States and the world can make a major down-payment toward those emission reductions by cleaning up our biggest sources of pollution

In the case of the United States that means power plants As this report will show a small number of dirty power plants make a massive and dispropor-tionate contribution to the nationrsquos global warming emissions Cleaning up our existing power plants ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power plants ndash would make a signicant dier-ence in ghting global warming

For the rst time in history the United States is preparing to take action to clean up these massive sources of carbon pollution In 2012 the Environ-mental Protection Agency (EPA) issued the rst-ever pollution standards for new power plants and this summer President Obama directed the EPA to estab-lish a standard for existing power plants by 20155

By nalizing strong carbon pollution standards for new and existing power plants the US will seize one of its best available opportunities to signicantly re-duce carbon pollution ndash helping to forestall the worst impacts of global warming for future generations

Introduction 9

Photo Keith Syvinski

By nalizing strong carbon pollution standards for new and existing power plants the US will seize one of its best available opportunities to signicantly reduce carbon pollution ndash helping to forestall the worst impacts of global warming for future generations

Indiana Michigan Power Companyrsquos coal-fired Rockport power plant in Spencer County Indiana is the 11th largest emitter of carbon dioxide pollution in the US power sector It produces global warming pollution equivalent to that produced by 32 million passenger vehicles in a year See Table A-2 in Appendix

10 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon dioxide is the leading greenhouse gas driving global warming and power plants are the largest source of carbon dioxide

pollution in the United States6 Burning fossil fuels for electricity generation produced about 41 percent of total US carbon dioxide emissions in 20117 A disproportionate share of these power-sector carbon dioxide emissions come from a small subset of the nationrsquos dirtiest power plants particularly coal-red power plants However despite their enormous contribution to global warming US power plants currently face no federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution Cleaning up these dirty power plants with strong nationwide pollution standards is one of the most important steps the US can take to curb global warming pollution

e 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute a Massive and Disproportionate Share of Carbon Dioxide EmissionsThere are nearly 6000 electricity generating facilities in the United States but most of the global warming pollution emitted by the US power sector comes from a handful of exceptionally dirty power plants8 These dirty power plants also produce a dispropor-tionately large amount of the nationrsquos total global warming pollution For example just one of these

dirty power plants Georgia Powerrsquos Plant Scherer produces more global warming pollution each year than all the energy-related emissions of Maine9

In 2011 the 50 dirtiest US power plants were responsible for 30 percent of all US power-sector emissions of carbon dioxide 12 percent of total US energy-related emissions and 2 percent of worldwide energy-related emissions10 (See Figure 1) If the 50 dirtiest power plants were an independent nation they would be the seventh-largest emitter of carbon dioxide pollution in the world behind Germany and ahead of South Korea11 (See Figure 2) Their emissions in 2011 were greater than half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States in 201012 (See Table 1 for additional comparisons)

The 100 dirtiest plants were responsible for about half of total carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector in 2011 and more than 3 percent of total worldwide emissions from energy use13

The 500 dirtiest power plants were responsible for around 90 percent of total carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector and about 6 percent of total worldwide emissions from energy use14

e Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 11

Figure 1 The 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute Significantly to US Carbon Dioxide Emissions

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

China UnitedStates

All USPowerPlants

India Russia Japan Germany 50 DirtiestUS

PowerPlants

SouthKorea

Canada

Figure 2 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Pollution Emitted by the 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Compared to CO2

Pollution in Other Countries (MMT)

12 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

e Dirtiest Power Plants Are Old and InecientCoal-red power plants are among the biggest sources of carbon dioxide pollution in the electric power sector24 In fact 98 of the nationrsquos 100 most-polluting power plants in terms of total carbon di-oxide emissions are coal plants among the top 500 317 (63 percent) are coal plants25 The remainder are older oil and gas-red power plants (See Table A-2 in Appendix)

Most of the nationrsquos coal plants are old and inef-cient About 74 percent of US coal plants were at least 30 years old at the end of 2012 and about half were 40 to 60 years old according to the Energy

Table 1 Emissions Equivalencies for the Nationrsquos Top Emitters of Global Warming Pollution15

Total 2011 Emissions

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon

Dioxide)

Percent of Total US Carbon

Dioxide Emissions

Percent of Global Carbon

Dioxide Emissions from

Energy UseThese Plants Produce Carbon Dioxide

Greater Than or Equivalent Tohellip

Top Polluting Plant (Scherer

Power Plant GA)

21 04 01

The total energy-related emissions of Maine16

The pollution produced by electricity use in all New England homes in a year17

Top 10 Polluting

Power Plants 179 34 05

The pollution emitted by all the passen-ger vehicles in New York and California18

The total energy-related emissions of Venezuela19

Top 50 Polluting

Power Plants656 124 20

Half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States20

The total energy-related emission of Texas21

Top 100 Polluting

Power Plants1052 199 32

The emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States22

The pollution produced by electricity use in all US homes in a year23

Information Administration (EIA)26 Coal plants are not designed to last much longer than 30 years but coal companies routinely renovate these plants to extend their lifetimes27 Still many of these plants are ine$cient to operate so power providers run them at only a fraction of their full capacity or for shorter periods of time which results in a lower ldquocapacity factorrdquo (the ratio of a power plantrsquos actual output compared to its full capacity) for the oldest and dirtiest plants In 2009 the average capacity factor for the whole US coal eet was 64 percent with about 40 percent reporting capacity factors below 30 percent28

Although many coal plants today are underutilized because of their age and ine$ciency they remain

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 13

among the worst contributors to global warming pollution For example coal-red power plants were responsible for nearly 80 percent of the global warming pollution produced by electric power plants in 2011 even though they pro-duced only 42 percent of the nationrsquos electricity29 The 50 dirtiest plants produced 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions but only 16 percent of electricity nationwide in 201130 In some states this imbalance is even more ex-treme (See Figure 3)

Figure 3 Share of Statewide Power-Sector Emissions vs Share of Electricity Generation for Top 5 Emitters in 20 States31

81

82

83

85

88

88

89

89

90

91

92

93

93

94

96

96

97

99

99

100

22

11

40

46

35

60

44

46

78

69

8

65

50

23

52

48

3

53

49

46

0 20 40 60 80 100

AZMETN

MNWA

KSWYORUTID

AKNDNE

NMMTVTNH

RIDESD

Top 5 Shareof TotalElectricityGeneration(2011)

Top 5 Shareof TotalPower-SectorEmissions(2011)

In some states emissions from a handful of the dirtiest power plants can exceed emissions from the rest of the economy including the industrial and transportation sectors For example in ve states ndash Wyoming Montana North Dakota West Virginia and New Mexico ndash the ve dirtiest power plants are responsible for about half of total state-wide energy-related emissions and in 31 states these top polluters are responsible for at least one-quarter of statewide energy-related emis-sions (See Table 2 and Table A-3 in the Appendix)

14 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table 2 Emissions of Top 5 Polluting Plants as a Share of Power-Sector and Statewide Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions in 50 States 201132

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Wyoming 381 89 59Montana 161 96 55

North Dakota 271 93 52West Virginia 493 69 52New Mexico 291 94 50

Utah 306 90 49Arizona 430 81 46

Nebraska 247 93 45Arkansas 320 92 45

Kansas 308 88 41Alabama 481 63 36Delaware 39 99 36

North Carolina 430 71 36Missouri 501 62 35Georgia 521 76 34

Iowa 297 75 34Kentucky 504 54 34

South Carolina 263 70 34Tennessee 344 83 34Oklahoma 350 69 32

Hawaii 56 77 31New Hampshire 49 97 31

Wisconsin 291 67 29Maryland 186 80 28

Nevada 93 64 28Colorado 262 67 28

Rhode Island 35 99 28Michigan 428 64 27

Indiana 587 52 27Minnesota 263 85 27Mississippi 141 61 25

Ohio 547 50 24South Dakota 29 100 23Pennsylvania 557 48 22

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 15

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Oregon 59 89 22Illinois 440 46 19

Virginia 168 60 19Florida 417 37 18

Massachusetts 105 66 16Connecticut 59 75 16Washington 67 88 15

Louisiana 350 61 12Maine 28 82 11Texas 746 30 10

New Jersey 99 64 10New York 110 32 7

Alaska 28 75 6Idaho 04 91 4

California 75 19 2Vermont 00 96 0

Despite the large contribution of fossil fuel-red power plants to US global warming emissions neither these highly polluting plants nor proposed new power plants face any federal regulations limit-ing emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse

gases As a result these power plants have emitted carbon dioxide pollution unchecked for decades and there is no guarantee that new power plants will be built in ways that minimize their contribution to global warming

Table 2 (continued)

16 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming

Global warming threatens our health our safety and our environment Rising global average temperatures and other climate

impacts have already resulted in extreme precipita-tion events and heat waves in the United States and climate science tells us that global warming will likely lead to further changes in weather extremes34 Extreme weather events such as Hurricane Sandy extended droughts heat waves and oods caused by heavy precipitation are likely to become more common in a warming world35 At the same time global warming-induced sea-level rise changes in summer and winter precipitation patterns and eco-system changes could reduce the ability of natural and man-made systems to withstand even normal weather events

To avoid the worst impacts of global warming worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants will have to peak roughly three years from now and then decline quickly and dramatically ndash dropping by more than 50 percent by 205036 In the United States addressing this chal-lenge means cleaning up our biggest sources of global warming pollution ndash especially dirty power plants which are responsible for more than 40 per-cent of our emissions of carbon dioxide each year37

A handful of exceptionally dirty power plants are the worst contributors to this problem By focusing on cleaning up power plants ndash our countryrsquos largest single source of carbon pollution ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power

plants in the United States America can make a meaningful dierence in preventing the worst im-pacts of global warming

e US must act now to prevent the worst impacts of global warmingIn 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ndash the worldrsquos foremost scientic authority on the subject ndash concluded that ldquowarm-ing of the climate system is unequivocalrdquo and that ldquo[m]ost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropo-genic [greenhouse gas] concentrationsrdquo38 In 2013 in a draft of its upcoming Fifth Assessment Report on climate change the IPCC strengthened this asser-tion citing ldquonear certaintyrdquo that global warming is human-caused and suggesting that seas could rise by as much as three feet by the end of the century if greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated39

Clear signs of global warming have already begun to emerge

Global average sea and air temperatures in 2010 were tied for the hottest on record according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-istration (NOAA)40 2001 to 2010 was the hottest decade on record with average temperatures estimated to be 083˚F hotter than the 1961-1990 norm41 2010 was also the wettest year on record based on global average precipitation42

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 17

Oceans have absorbed 80 percent of the extra heat in the climate system causing ocean water to expand43 Coupled with melting glaciers this has caused sea levels to rise by about eight inches ndash with the rate of increase accelerating44

Hurricanes have become more intense and the frequency of extreme rain and snowstorms has increased45

At the same time droughts in many parts of the world have become longer and more severe especially in the tropics and subtropics46

In the United States warmer average annual temperatures are connected to increases in extreme precipitation and more intense heat waves Furthermore the US has experienced an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events including oods prolonged drought more intense wildres and stronger tropi-cal storms and hurricanes47

The more global warming pollution that humanity emits the more serious the consequences And the changes will be largely irreversible for a thousand years after emissions stop48

On our current emissions path humanity risks in-creasing the average global temperature by 4degC (72degF) or more (above the pre-industrial era) by the end of this century even if current emission reduc-tion commitments and pledges are met according to a 2012 report by the World Bank49 Warming on this scale would have catastrophic consequences includ-ing

Sea level rise of as much as 3 feet in the next century causing extensive coastal inundation and increasing the risk of storm surge ooding in major coastal cities50 By 2300 global mean sea levels could rise as high as 13 feet above present-day levels51

A 150 percent increase in ocean acidity above pre-industrial levels resulting in wide-ranging negative impacts on marine species and ecosys-tems with particularly severe damage to coral reefs and sheries52

An increase of 20-30 percent in the amount of precipitation falling during heavy rainstorms increasing the risk of major ooding events in many parts of the world53

Increasing aridity drought and extreme tempera-tures in Africa southern Europe and the Middle East and most of the Americas Australia and Southeast Asia54

Global Warming Endangers Public HealthHotter temperatures bring about numerous threats to public health High temperatures combine with sunlight nitrogen oxides and volatile organic com-pounds to create ozone ldquosmogrdquo which damages the respiratory system reduces lung function and aggravates asthma and other respiratory diseases55 The Union of Concerned Scientists estimates that by 2020 students in the United States could experience more than 900000 additional missed school days and seniors and infants could experience more than 5000 additional hospitalizations due to increases of ozone smog exposure that result from the higher temperatures caused by global warming56 Higher temperatures will also allow pollen allergens such as ragweed to proliferate causing those who suf-fer from seasonal allergies to experience worsening symptoms such as hay fever and asthma57

Global warming can also be expected to increase the number of deaths caused by heat stress58 Exces-sive heat events happen when high temperatures combine with other weather conditions ndash such as dew point temperature cloud cover wind speed and surface atmospheric pressure throughout the day ndash

18 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

and contribute to heat-related deaths in a particular location59 According to a 2012 study by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) excessive heat events caused by global warming could kill up to 150000 people in Americarsquos 40 largest cities by the end of the century60

Higher temperatures may also change the patterns of occurrence of various infectious diseases A 2009 study for example found a correlation between warmer temperatures and increased reports of infec-tion by West Nile Virus61 Global warming may also increase the risk of more frequent and more wide-spread outbreaks of waterborne illnesses by allow-ing warm-water pathogens to expand into cooler climates or by exposing more urban water bodies to sewage contamination after ooding caused by major precipitation events according to NRDC62

Increases in droughts and ooding caused by global warming can also reduce water available for drinking or for irrigation they can also harm crops directly diminishing food variety nutritional content and availability all of which can contribute to malnutri-tion and the spread of disease63 Finally sea-level rise and disasters such as strong storms and oods can damage urban infrastructure and displace existing communities64

Global warming pollutants are not the only emis-sions from power plants that harm human health For example in 2010 two-thirds of all airborne mercury pollution in the United States came from the smokestacks of coal-red power plants65 Mercury is a potent neurotoxicant and exposure to mercury during critical periods of brain development can contribute to irreversible decits in verbal skills dam-age to attention and motor control and reduced IQ66 Coal- and natural gas-red power plants also emit nitrogen oxides (NOX) which exacerbate ozone smog pollution as well as other pollutants that contrib-ute to particulate matter and acid rain Like smog particulate matter pollution contributes to a host of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments67 Sulfur

dioxide too is a respiratory irritant for sensitive populations68 In addition it is a major component of acid rain that has damaged forests across the eastern United States69

Cleaning Up US Power Plants Would Cut Carbon Pollution at a Global ScaleHumanity as a whole must limit emissions to no more than 1 trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide from 2000 through 2050 in order to have a 75 percent chance of limiting the global temperature increase to 36deg F (2deg C) above the pre-industrial era ndash a target the international community has set to limit the most severe global warming impacts70 For the world this means that emissions will need to peak by 2015 and decline by more than half by 2050 to have a chance at preventing the worst impacts of climate change71 For the United States and other developed countries emission reductions must occur more quickly and more steeply with reductions of at least 25 to 40 per-cent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 to 95 percent by 205072

As of 2011 annual US greenhouse gas emissions were still 10 percent above 1990 levels73 The annual emissions from a small group of the nationrsquos dirti-est power plants are greatly hindering our ability to meet the emissions reduction targets necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming Replac-ing these power plants with zero-emission energy sources such as wind and solar power or eliminating the need for the power they produce through en-ergy e$ciency and conservation would reduce US greenhouse gas emissions to 11 percent below 1990 levels even in the absence of other eorts to reduce emissions74

Limiting carbon dioxide pollution from new and ex-isting power plants is one of the most eective ways to reduce US global warming pollution in the short run and for decades to come reducing the risk that

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 19

emissions will reach a level that triggers dangerous irreversible climate change impacts

Adopting federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution from power plants as part of a suite of policies to reduce global warming pollution at all levels of gov-ernment would help the United States achieve 2020 emissions reduction targets ndash even in the absence of a federal economy-wide cap on carbon pollu-tion For example Environment America Research amp Policy Centerrsquos 2011 report The Way Forward on Global Warming demonstrated that with a suite of

local state and federal policies to increase energy e$ciency deploy clean energy technologies and improve public transportation the United States could curb emissions of carbon dioxide from en-ergy use by as much as 35 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 20 percent below 1990 levels by 203075 A nationwide cap on carbon pollution from all sources ndash not just power plants ndash would al-low the United States to make the remaining emis-sions reductions necessary to prevent the worst impacts of global warming

20 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants

The unprecedented threat that global warm-ing poses to our health our safety and our environment demands that the United

States takes urgent action to reduce emissions of global warming pollution However US power plants currently face no federal limits on the amount of carbon dioxide pollution they can emit

Given the enormous share of global warming pollu-tion contributed by US power plants limiting car-bon dioxide emissions from both new and existing power plants must be a key part of any strategy to reduce US global warming emissions Fortunately the rst steps toward setting these standards are already being taken On June 25 2013 President Obama announced his plan to address global warm-ing through executive action using existing statu-tory authority and funds76 The two most important elements of this plan are nalizing carbon emissions standards for new power plants and directing the EPA to quickly propose and implement a limit on existing plants77

The EPA proposed a limit on new power plants in March 2012 Since then the EPA has received more than 32 million public comments supporting limiting carbon pollution from power plants and President Obama has asked the EPA to re-propose a carbon pollution standard for new power plants by September 20 201378

The originally proposed limit restricts global warm-ing pollution for facilities 25 megawatts (MW) or

larger to 1000 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity they produce79 According to the EPA this standard was based on commonly used combined-cycle natural gas power plants ndash a standard that new coal plants are highly unlikely to meet80 Existing coal plants produce an average of 2180 lbs CO2MWh with the worst plants producing more than 3000 lbs CO2MWh81

The EPA has yet to propose a standard for existing power plants a large portion of which are aging coal-red plants However the president has directed the EPA to propose and submit carbon pollution limits for existing plants by June 2014 and to nalize those limits the following year82 (See ldquoThe Long Road to Carbon Pollution Limitsrdquo on page 21)

Some states already limit carbon pollution from pow-er plants California has an economy-wide cap on car-bon dioxide emissions and nine states from Maine to Maryland participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) which caps pollution from power plants in the Northeast Once nalized the EPArsquos carbon pollution limits for all new power plants nationwide would go a long way toward reducing future US global warming pollution However the agency must also move quickly to establish strong federal standards for existing power plants ndash and force the nationrsquos largest sources of carbon pollution to clean up

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 21

e Long Road to Carbon Pollution LimitsThe Obama administrationrsquos recent actions indicating progress toward carbon dioxide pollution from power plants are the culmination of a 14-year campaign to clean up the nationrsquos power plants In 1999 one year after the EPA declined to include carbon dioxide pollution limits in new vehicle emissions standards 19 environmental and public interest groups petitioned the EPA to classify carbon dioxide as an air pollutant subject to the Clean Air Act regulation83 They cited car-bon dioxidersquos contribution to global warming ndash which threatens human health and the environ-ment ndash as rationale for regulation84

In 2003 the EPA released an o$cial statement that it did not believe the Act authorized the EPA to regulate global warming pollution and that even if it did authorize regulating greenhouse gases the EPA objected to doing so on policy grounds85 However the US Supreme Court dis-agreed with the EPA in 2007 ruling with several states and environmental groups that the EPA does indeed have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases and that its policy objections were insu$cient to decline to regulate86 The court also directed the EPA to determine if greenhouse gases contribute to global warming and if so whether global warming endangered public health and welfare87 By the end of 2009 the EPA o$cially determined that emissions of carbon dioxide endanger public health and welfare by contributing to global warming88

In December 2010 the EPA announced its plan to release new performance standards and manda-tory emissions guidelines for all new fossil fuel-red power plants89 The EPA proposed an interim carbon pollution standard for new power plants in April 2012 that is in eect until a rule can be nalized90 This step set the rst-ever national limits on the amount of carbon pollution power plants can emit91

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

3Au

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

Che

naAu

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

034

4N

orth

Pol

eG

olde

n Va

lley

Elec

Ass

n In

c0

30

5H

ealy

Gol

den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

ama

Pow

er C

o7

33

4W

idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

06

5C

olbe

rtTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

Ente

rgy

Arka

nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

Ene

rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

2

79

AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t15

92

430

81

57

46

2Sp

ringe

rvill

eTu

cson

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

o11

45

3C

holla

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o7

45

4C

oron

ado

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

75

19

12

2

2D

elta

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Del

ta E

nerg

y C

ente

r LL

C1

64

3H

ayne

sLo

s An

gele

s D

epar

tmen

t of

Wat

er amp

Pow

er1

49

4C

osum

nes

Sacr

amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

5El

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o7

21

3C

hero

kee

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o4

01

4Pa

wne

ePu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

305

5H

ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

2M

ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

Pow

er C

o L

LC1

54

3Br

idge

port

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

Brid

gepo

rt E

nerg

y L

LC1

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een

Ener

gy S

yste

ms

Proj

ect

Klee

n En

ergy

Sys

tem

s L

LC0

70

5Br

idge

port

Sta

tion

PSEG

Pow

er C

onne

ctic

ut L

LC0

53

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nnin

gPo

tom

ac P

ower

Res

ourc

es0

110

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06

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2U

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

nU

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

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ansm

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n0

05

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zzar

d Po

int

Poto

mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

DE

1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

Pow

er P

ark

JEA

655

GA

1Sc

here

rG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

213

252

176

46

34

2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o14

24

3W

ansle

yG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

719

4H

arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

Rath

drum

Pow

er L

LCRa

thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

003

4Ru

pert

Cog

en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

Ope

ratio

ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

Cle

arw

ater

Pap

er C

orpo

ratio

n0

02

IL1

Bald

win

Ene

rgy

Com

plex

Dyn

egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

Gib

son

Duk

e En

ergy

Indi

ana

Inc

169

558

752

52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

Indi

anap

olis

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o10

05

4R

M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

LC7

01

3Br

ame

Ener

gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

Poi

nt L

LCG

enO

n C

halk

Poi

nt L

LC3

79

4H

erbe

rt A

Wag

ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

Cou

nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

Poi

nt C

ogen

erat

ion

Mar

ch P

oint

Cog

ener

atio

n C

o0

36

4M

int

Farm

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

138

849

369

75

52

2Fi

rstE

nerg

y H

arris

on P

ower

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

erAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

850

4M

itche

llO

hio

Pow

er C

o8

37

5M

t S

torm

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

818

WY

1Jim

Brid

ger

Paci

fiCor

p12

87

381

89

66

59

2La

ram

ie R

iver

Sta

tion

Basin

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

oop

122

1

3D

ave

John

ston

Paci

fiCor

p5

50

4N

augh

ton

Paci

fiCor

p5

34

5W

yoda

kPa

cifiC

orp

220

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 4: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

Table of ContentsExecutive Summary 4

Introduction 8

e Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 10

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 16

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 20

Policy Recommendations 22

Methodology 24

Appendices 26

Notes 42

4 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Executive Summary

Global warming is one of the most profound threats of our time and wersquore already start-ing to feel the impacts ndash especially when it

comes to extreme weather From Hurricane Sandy to devastating droughts and deadly heat waves ex-treme weather events threaten our safety our health and our environment and scientists predict things will only get worse for future generations unless we cut the dangerous global warming pollution that is fueling the problem Power plants are the largest source of global warming pollution in the United States responsible for 41 percent of the nationrsquos production of carbon dioxide pollution the leading greenhouse gas driving global warming

Americarsquos power plants are among the most signi-cant sources of carbon dioxide pollution in the world The 50 most-polluting US power plants emit more than 2 percent of the worldrsquos energy-related carbon dioxide pollution ndash or more pollution than every nation except six worldwide

Despite their enormous contribution to global warm-ing US power plants do not face any federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution To protect our health our safety and our environment from the worst impacts of global warming the United States should clean up the dirtiest power plants

A small handful of the dirtiest power plants produce a massive and disproportionate share of the nationrsquos global warming pollution

In 2011 the US power sector contributed 41 percent of all US emissions of carbon dioxide the leading pollutant driving global warming

There are nearly 6000 electricity generating facili-ties in the United States but most of the global warming pollution emitted by the US power sector comes from a handful of exceptionally dirty power plants For example about 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions in 2011 came from the 50 dirtiest power plants about half came from the 100 dirtiest plants and about 90 percent came from the 500 dirtiest plants (See Figure ES-1)

Figure ES-1 The 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute Significantly to US Carbon Dioxide Pollution (Million Metric Tons ndash MMT) 2011

Executive Summary 5

The dirtiest power plant in the United States Georgia Powerrsquos Plant Scherer produced more than 21 million metric tons of carbon dioxide in 2011 ndash more than the total energy-related emissions of Maine (See Table ES-1)

Dirty power plants produce a disproportionate share of the nationrsquos global warming pollution ndash especially given the relatively small share of total electricity they produce For example despite producing 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions the 50 dirtiest power plants only produced 16 percent of the nationrsquos electricity in 2011

The dirtiest US power plants are major sources of global warming pollution on a global scale

If the 50 most-polluting US power plants were an independent nation they would be the seventh-largest emitter of carbon dioxide in the world behind Germany and ahead of South Korea (See Figure ES-2) These power plants emitted carbon dioxide pollution equivalent to more than half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States in 2010

Table ES-1 Emissions Equivalencies for the Nationrsquos Top Emitters of Global Warming Pollution

Total 2011

Emissions (Million Metric Tons of

Carbon Dioxide)

Percent of Total US

Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Percent of Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions from

Energy UseThese Plants Produce Carbon Dioxide

Greater Than or Equivalent Tohellip

Top Polluting Plant (Scherer

Power Plant GA)21 04 01

The total energy-related emissions of Maine

The pollution produced by electricity use in all New England homes in a year

Top 10 Polluting Power Plants

179 34 05

The pollution emitted by all the passenger vehicles in New York and California

The total energy-related emissions of Venezuela

Top 50 Polluting Power Plants

656 124 20

Half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States

The total energy-related emissions of Texas

Top 100 Polluting Power Plants

1052 199 32

The emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States

The pollution produced by electricity use in all US homes in a year

6 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

China UnitedStates

All USPowerPlants

India Russia Japan Germany 50 DirtiestUS

PowerPlants

SouthKorea

Canada

Figure ES-2 Carbon Dioxide Pollution Emitted by the 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Compared to Other Countries (MMT CO2)

The 100 most-polluting US power plants produced more than 3 percent of the worldrsquos carbon dioxide emissions from energy use in 2011 while the 500 most-polluting power plants were responsible for about 6 percent

To protect our health our safety and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up polluting power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions from all exist-ing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should work to meet its Sep-tember 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nal-izing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emis-sions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 2015 The standards should be based on the most recent climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reduction targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

Executive Summary 7

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal levels to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors In particular the United States should prioritize es-tablishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash including trans-portation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renewable energy

at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electricity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transportation fuels

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further rider-ship increases through better transit service and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Green-house Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeast-ern state and implementing Californiarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

8 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Introduction

It doesnrsquot take a trip to the Arctic Circle to see evidence of global warming these days The im-pacts of a warming planet are now appearing

on our doorsteps making headlines in the morning paper The United States has seen much more than its usual share of extreme downpours and intense heat waves in recent years and emerging science links the increase in frequency and severity of some of these events to global warming1 New research also shows that a warmer world is likely to exacer-bate the impacts of extreme weather events such as hurricanes oods drought and wildres2 Many extreme weather events of 2012 foreshadow the kind of disruption global warming may cause in the future From the late-season ldquosuperstormrdquo Hurricane Sandy wreaking havoc on the East Coast to early-season wildres destroying thousands of homes in the West to year-round drought conditions parch-ing the largest area of the continental US since 1956 extreme weather events are occurring with increasing frequency and severity3

Since 2007 federally declared weather-related disasters in the United States have aected counties housing 243 million people ndash or nearly four out of ve Americans4 These events have caused billions of dollars in economic damage have harmed our natural environment and have jeopardized the lives of thousands of people Climate science tells us that the impacts of these events will only worsen

for future generations unless we immediately and dramatically reduce the dangerous carbon pollution that is fueling the problem Meeting that challenge can seem overwhelming and itrsquos certainly not going to be easy But the United States and the world can make a major down-payment toward those emission reductions by cleaning up our biggest sources of pollution

In the case of the United States that means power plants As this report will show a small number of dirty power plants make a massive and dispropor-tionate contribution to the nationrsquos global warming emissions Cleaning up our existing power plants ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power plants ndash would make a signicant dier-ence in ghting global warming

For the rst time in history the United States is preparing to take action to clean up these massive sources of carbon pollution In 2012 the Environ-mental Protection Agency (EPA) issued the rst-ever pollution standards for new power plants and this summer President Obama directed the EPA to estab-lish a standard for existing power plants by 20155

By nalizing strong carbon pollution standards for new and existing power plants the US will seize one of its best available opportunities to signicantly re-duce carbon pollution ndash helping to forestall the worst impacts of global warming for future generations

Introduction 9

Photo Keith Syvinski

By nalizing strong carbon pollution standards for new and existing power plants the US will seize one of its best available opportunities to signicantly reduce carbon pollution ndash helping to forestall the worst impacts of global warming for future generations

Indiana Michigan Power Companyrsquos coal-fired Rockport power plant in Spencer County Indiana is the 11th largest emitter of carbon dioxide pollution in the US power sector It produces global warming pollution equivalent to that produced by 32 million passenger vehicles in a year See Table A-2 in Appendix

10 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon dioxide is the leading greenhouse gas driving global warming and power plants are the largest source of carbon dioxide

pollution in the United States6 Burning fossil fuels for electricity generation produced about 41 percent of total US carbon dioxide emissions in 20117 A disproportionate share of these power-sector carbon dioxide emissions come from a small subset of the nationrsquos dirtiest power plants particularly coal-red power plants However despite their enormous contribution to global warming US power plants currently face no federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution Cleaning up these dirty power plants with strong nationwide pollution standards is one of the most important steps the US can take to curb global warming pollution

e 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute a Massive and Disproportionate Share of Carbon Dioxide EmissionsThere are nearly 6000 electricity generating facilities in the United States but most of the global warming pollution emitted by the US power sector comes from a handful of exceptionally dirty power plants8 These dirty power plants also produce a dispropor-tionately large amount of the nationrsquos total global warming pollution For example just one of these

dirty power plants Georgia Powerrsquos Plant Scherer produces more global warming pollution each year than all the energy-related emissions of Maine9

In 2011 the 50 dirtiest US power plants were responsible for 30 percent of all US power-sector emissions of carbon dioxide 12 percent of total US energy-related emissions and 2 percent of worldwide energy-related emissions10 (See Figure 1) If the 50 dirtiest power plants were an independent nation they would be the seventh-largest emitter of carbon dioxide pollution in the world behind Germany and ahead of South Korea11 (See Figure 2) Their emissions in 2011 were greater than half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States in 201012 (See Table 1 for additional comparisons)

The 100 dirtiest plants were responsible for about half of total carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector in 2011 and more than 3 percent of total worldwide emissions from energy use13

The 500 dirtiest power plants were responsible for around 90 percent of total carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector and about 6 percent of total worldwide emissions from energy use14

e Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 11

Figure 1 The 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute Significantly to US Carbon Dioxide Emissions

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

China UnitedStates

All USPowerPlants

India Russia Japan Germany 50 DirtiestUS

PowerPlants

SouthKorea

Canada

Figure 2 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Pollution Emitted by the 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Compared to CO2

Pollution in Other Countries (MMT)

12 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

e Dirtiest Power Plants Are Old and InecientCoal-red power plants are among the biggest sources of carbon dioxide pollution in the electric power sector24 In fact 98 of the nationrsquos 100 most-polluting power plants in terms of total carbon di-oxide emissions are coal plants among the top 500 317 (63 percent) are coal plants25 The remainder are older oil and gas-red power plants (See Table A-2 in Appendix)

Most of the nationrsquos coal plants are old and inef-cient About 74 percent of US coal plants were at least 30 years old at the end of 2012 and about half were 40 to 60 years old according to the Energy

Table 1 Emissions Equivalencies for the Nationrsquos Top Emitters of Global Warming Pollution15

Total 2011 Emissions

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon

Dioxide)

Percent of Total US Carbon

Dioxide Emissions

Percent of Global Carbon

Dioxide Emissions from

Energy UseThese Plants Produce Carbon Dioxide

Greater Than or Equivalent Tohellip

Top Polluting Plant (Scherer

Power Plant GA)

21 04 01

The total energy-related emissions of Maine16

The pollution produced by electricity use in all New England homes in a year17

Top 10 Polluting

Power Plants 179 34 05

The pollution emitted by all the passen-ger vehicles in New York and California18

The total energy-related emissions of Venezuela19

Top 50 Polluting

Power Plants656 124 20

Half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States20

The total energy-related emission of Texas21

Top 100 Polluting

Power Plants1052 199 32

The emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States22

The pollution produced by electricity use in all US homes in a year23

Information Administration (EIA)26 Coal plants are not designed to last much longer than 30 years but coal companies routinely renovate these plants to extend their lifetimes27 Still many of these plants are ine$cient to operate so power providers run them at only a fraction of their full capacity or for shorter periods of time which results in a lower ldquocapacity factorrdquo (the ratio of a power plantrsquos actual output compared to its full capacity) for the oldest and dirtiest plants In 2009 the average capacity factor for the whole US coal eet was 64 percent with about 40 percent reporting capacity factors below 30 percent28

Although many coal plants today are underutilized because of their age and ine$ciency they remain

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 13

among the worst contributors to global warming pollution For example coal-red power plants were responsible for nearly 80 percent of the global warming pollution produced by electric power plants in 2011 even though they pro-duced only 42 percent of the nationrsquos electricity29 The 50 dirtiest plants produced 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions but only 16 percent of electricity nationwide in 201130 In some states this imbalance is even more ex-treme (See Figure 3)

Figure 3 Share of Statewide Power-Sector Emissions vs Share of Electricity Generation for Top 5 Emitters in 20 States31

81

82

83

85

88

88

89

89

90

91

92

93

93

94

96

96

97

99

99

100

22

11

40

46

35

60

44

46

78

69

8

65

50

23

52

48

3

53

49

46

0 20 40 60 80 100

AZMETN

MNWA

KSWYORUTID

AKNDNE

NMMTVTNH

RIDESD

Top 5 Shareof TotalElectricityGeneration(2011)

Top 5 Shareof TotalPower-SectorEmissions(2011)

In some states emissions from a handful of the dirtiest power plants can exceed emissions from the rest of the economy including the industrial and transportation sectors For example in ve states ndash Wyoming Montana North Dakota West Virginia and New Mexico ndash the ve dirtiest power plants are responsible for about half of total state-wide energy-related emissions and in 31 states these top polluters are responsible for at least one-quarter of statewide energy-related emis-sions (See Table 2 and Table A-3 in the Appendix)

14 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table 2 Emissions of Top 5 Polluting Plants as a Share of Power-Sector and Statewide Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions in 50 States 201132

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Wyoming 381 89 59Montana 161 96 55

North Dakota 271 93 52West Virginia 493 69 52New Mexico 291 94 50

Utah 306 90 49Arizona 430 81 46

Nebraska 247 93 45Arkansas 320 92 45

Kansas 308 88 41Alabama 481 63 36Delaware 39 99 36

North Carolina 430 71 36Missouri 501 62 35Georgia 521 76 34

Iowa 297 75 34Kentucky 504 54 34

South Carolina 263 70 34Tennessee 344 83 34Oklahoma 350 69 32

Hawaii 56 77 31New Hampshire 49 97 31

Wisconsin 291 67 29Maryland 186 80 28

Nevada 93 64 28Colorado 262 67 28

Rhode Island 35 99 28Michigan 428 64 27

Indiana 587 52 27Minnesota 263 85 27Mississippi 141 61 25

Ohio 547 50 24South Dakota 29 100 23Pennsylvania 557 48 22

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 15

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Oregon 59 89 22Illinois 440 46 19

Virginia 168 60 19Florida 417 37 18

Massachusetts 105 66 16Connecticut 59 75 16Washington 67 88 15

Louisiana 350 61 12Maine 28 82 11Texas 746 30 10

New Jersey 99 64 10New York 110 32 7

Alaska 28 75 6Idaho 04 91 4

California 75 19 2Vermont 00 96 0

Despite the large contribution of fossil fuel-red power plants to US global warming emissions neither these highly polluting plants nor proposed new power plants face any federal regulations limit-ing emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse

gases As a result these power plants have emitted carbon dioxide pollution unchecked for decades and there is no guarantee that new power plants will be built in ways that minimize their contribution to global warming

Table 2 (continued)

16 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming

Global warming threatens our health our safety and our environment Rising global average temperatures and other climate

impacts have already resulted in extreme precipita-tion events and heat waves in the United States and climate science tells us that global warming will likely lead to further changes in weather extremes34 Extreme weather events such as Hurricane Sandy extended droughts heat waves and oods caused by heavy precipitation are likely to become more common in a warming world35 At the same time global warming-induced sea-level rise changes in summer and winter precipitation patterns and eco-system changes could reduce the ability of natural and man-made systems to withstand even normal weather events

To avoid the worst impacts of global warming worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants will have to peak roughly three years from now and then decline quickly and dramatically ndash dropping by more than 50 percent by 205036 In the United States addressing this chal-lenge means cleaning up our biggest sources of global warming pollution ndash especially dirty power plants which are responsible for more than 40 per-cent of our emissions of carbon dioxide each year37

A handful of exceptionally dirty power plants are the worst contributors to this problem By focusing on cleaning up power plants ndash our countryrsquos largest single source of carbon pollution ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power

plants in the United States America can make a meaningful dierence in preventing the worst im-pacts of global warming

e US must act now to prevent the worst impacts of global warmingIn 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ndash the worldrsquos foremost scientic authority on the subject ndash concluded that ldquowarm-ing of the climate system is unequivocalrdquo and that ldquo[m]ost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropo-genic [greenhouse gas] concentrationsrdquo38 In 2013 in a draft of its upcoming Fifth Assessment Report on climate change the IPCC strengthened this asser-tion citing ldquonear certaintyrdquo that global warming is human-caused and suggesting that seas could rise by as much as three feet by the end of the century if greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated39

Clear signs of global warming have already begun to emerge

Global average sea and air temperatures in 2010 were tied for the hottest on record according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-istration (NOAA)40 2001 to 2010 was the hottest decade on record with average temperatures estimated to be 083˚F hotter than the 1961-1990 norm41 2010 was also the wettest year on record based on global average precipitation42

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 17

Oceans have absorbed 80 percent of the extra heat in the climate system causing ocean water to expand43 Coupled with melting glaciers this has caused sea levels to rise by about eight inches ndash with the rate of increase accelerating44

Hurricanes have become more intense and the frequency of extreme rain and snowstorms has increased45

At the same time droughts in many parts of the world have become longer and more severe especially in the tropics and subtropics46

In the United States warmer average annual temperatures are connected to increases in extreme precipitation and more intense heat waves Furthermore the US has experienced an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events including oods prolonged drought more intense wildres and stronger tropi-cal storms and hurricanes47

The more global warming pollution that humanity emits the more serious the consequences And the changes will be largely irreversible for a thousand years after emissions stop48

On our current emissions path humanity risks in-creasing the average global temperature by 4degC (72degF) or more (above the pre-industrial era) by the end of this century even if current emission reduc-tion commitments and pledges are met according to a 2012 report by the World Bank49 Warming on this scale would have catastrophic consequences includ-ing

Sea level rise of as much as 3 feet in the next century causing extensive coastal inundation and increasing the risk of storm surge ooding in major coastal cities50 By 2300 global mean sea levels could rise as high as 13 feet above present-day levels51

A 150 percent increase in ocean acidity above pre-industrial levels resulting in wide-ranging negative impacts on marine species and ecosys-tems with particularly severe damage to coral reefs and sheries52

An increase of 20-30 percent in the amount of precipitation falling during heavy rainstorms increasing the risk of major ooding events in many parts of the world53

Increasing aridity drought and extreme tempera-tures in Africa southern Europe and the Middle East and most of the Americas Australia and Southeast Asia54

Global Warming Endangers Public HealthHotter temperatures bring about numerous threats to public health High temperatures combine with sunlight nitrogen oxides and volatile organic com-pounds to create ozone ldquosmogrdquo which damages the respiratory system reduces lung function and aggravates asthma and other respiratory diseases55 The Union of Concerned Scientists estimates that by 2020 students in the United States could experience more than 900000 additional missed school days and seniors and infants could experience more than 5000 additional hospitalizations due to increases of ozone smog exposure that result from the higher temperatures caused by global warming56 Higher temperatures will also allow pollen allergens such as ragweed to proliferate causing those who suf-fer from seasonal allergies to experience worsening symptoms such as hay fever and asthma57

Global warming can also be expected to increase the number of deaths caused by heat stress58 Exces-sive heat events happen when high temperatures combine with other weather conditions ndash such as dew point temperature cloud cover wind speed and surface atmospheric pressure throughout the day ndash

18 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

and contribute to heat-related deaths in a particular location59 According to a 2012 study by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) excessive heat events caused by global warming could kill up to 150000 people in Americarsquos 40 largest cities by the end of the century60

Higher temperatures may also change the patterns of occurrence of various infectious diseases A 2009 study for example found a correlation between warmer temperatures and increased reports of infec-tion by West Nile Virus61 Global warming may also increase the risk of more frequent and more wide-spread outbreaks of waterborne illnesses by allow-ing warm-water pathogens to expand into cooler climates or by exposing more urban water bodies to sewage contamination after ooding caused by major precipitation events according to NRDC62

Increases in droughts and ooding caused by global warming can also reduce water available for drinking or for irrigation they can also harm crops directly diminishing food variety nutritional content and availability all of which can contribute to malnutri-tion and the spread of disease63 Finally sea-level rise and disasters such as strong storms and oods can damage urban infrastructure and displace existing communities64

Global warming pollutants are not the only emis-sions from power plants that harm human health For example in 2010 two-thirds of all airborne mercury pollution in the United States came from the smokestacks of coal-red power plants65 Mercury is a potent neurotoxicant and exposure to mercury during critical periods of brain development can contribute to irreversible decits in verbal skills dam-age to attention and motor control and reduced IQ66 Coal- and natural gas-red power plants also emit nitrogen oxides (NOX) which exacerbate ozone smog pollution as well as other pollutants that contrib-ute to particulate matter and acid rain Like smog particulate matter pollution contributes to a host of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments67 Sulfur

dioxide too is a respiratory irritant for sensitive populations68 In addition it is a major component of acid rain that has damaged forests across the eastern United States69

Cleaning Up US Power Plants Would Cut Carbon Pollution at a Global ScaleHumanity as a whole must limit emissions to no more than 1 trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide from 2000 through 2050 in order to have a 75 percent chance of limiting the global temperature increase to 36deg F (2deg C) above the pre-industrial era ndash a target the international community has set to limit the most severe global warming impacts70 For the world this means that emissions will need to peak by 2015 and decline by more than half by 2050 to have a chance at preventing the worst impacts of climate change71 For the United States and other developed countries emission reductions must occur more quickly and more steeply with reductions of at least 25 to 40 per-cent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 to 95 percent by 205072

As of 2011 annual US greenhouse gas emissions were still 10 percent above 1990 levels73 The annual emissions from a small group of the nationrsquos dirti-est power plants are greatly hindering our ability to meet the emissions reduction targets necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming Replac-ing these power plants with zero-emission energy sources such as wind and solar power or eliminating the need for the power they produce through en-ergy e$ciency and conservation would reduce US greenhouse gas emissions to 11 percent below 1990 levels even in the absence of other eorts to reduce emissions74

Limiting carbon dioxide pollution from new and ex-isting power plants is one of the most eective ways to reduce US global warming pollution in the short run and for decades to come reducing the risk that

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 19

emissions will reach a level that triggers dangerous irreversible climate change impacts

Adopting federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution from power plants as part of a suite of policies to reduce global warming pollution at all levels of gov-ernment would help the United States achieve 2020 emissions reduction targets ndash even in the absence of a federal economy-wide cap on carbon pollu-tion For example Environment America Research amp Policy Centerrsquos 2011 report The Way Forward on Global Warming demonstrated that with a suite of

local state and federal policies to increase energy e$ciency deploy clean energy technologies and improve public transportation the United States could curb emissions of carbon dioxide from en-ergy use by as much as 35 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 20 percent below 1990 levels by 203075 A nationwide cap on carbon pollution from all sources ndash not just power plants ndash would al-low the United States to make the remaining emis-sions reductions necessary to prevent the worst impacts of global warming

20 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants

The unprecedented threat that global warm-ing poses to our health our safety and our environment demands that the United

States takes urgent action to reduce emissions of global warming pollution However US power plants currently face no federal limits on the amount of carbon dioxide pollution they can emit

Given the enormous share of global warming pollu-tion contributed by US power plants limiting car-bon dioxide emissions from both new and existing power plants must be a key part of any strategy to reduce US global warming emissions Fortunately the rst steps toward setting these standards are already being taken On June 25 2013 President Obama announced his plan to address global warm-ing through executive action using existing statu-tory authority and funds76 The two most important elements of this plan are nalizing carbon emissions standards for new power plants and directing the EPA to quickly propose and implement a limit on existing plants77

The EPA proposed a limit on new power plants in March 2012 Since then the EPA has received more than 32 million public comments supporting limiting carbon pollution from power plants and President Obama has asked the EPA to re-propose a carbon pollution standard for new power plants by September 20 201378

The originally proposed limit restricts global warm-ing pollution for facilities 25 megawatts (MW) or

larger to 1000 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity they produce79 According to the EPA this standard was based on commonly used combined-cycle natural gas power plants ndash a standard that new coal plants are highly unlikely to meet80 Existing coal plants produce an average of 2180 lbs CO2MWh with the worst plants producing more than 3000 lbs CO2MWh81

The EPA has yet to propose a standard for existing power plants a large portion of which are aging coal-red plants However the president has directed the EPA to propose and submit carbon pollution limits for existing plants by June 2014 and to nalize those limits the following year82 (See ldquoThe Long Road to Carbon Pollution Limitsrdquo on page 21)

Some states already limit carbon pollution from pow-er plants California has an economy-wide cap on car-bon dioxide emissions and nine states from Maine to Maryland participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) which caps pollution from power plants in the Northeast Once nalized the EPArsquos carbon pollution limits for all new power plants nationwide would go a long way toward reducing future US global warming pollution However the agency must also move quickly to establish strong federal standards for existing power plants ndash and force the nationrsquos largest sources of carbon pollution to clean up

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 21

e Long Road to Carbon Pollution LimitsThe Obama administrationrsquos recent actions indicating progress toward carbon dioxide pollution from power plants are the culmination of a 14-year campaign to clean up the nationrsquos power plants In 1999 one year after the EPA declined to include carbon dioxide pollution limits in new vehicle emissions standards 19 environmental and public interest groups petitioned the EPA to classify carbon dioxide as an air pollutant subject to the Clean Air Act regulation83 They cited car-bon dioxidersquos contribution to global warming ndash which threatens human health and the environ-ment ndash as rationale for regulation84

In 2003 the EPA released an o$cial statement that it did not believe the Act authorized the EPA to regulate global warming pollution and that even if it did authorize regulating greenhouse gases the EPA objected to doing so on policy grounds85 However the US Supreme Court dis-agreed with the EPA in 2007 ruling with several states and environmental groups that the EPA does indeed have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases and that its policy objections were insu$cient to decline to regulate86 The court also directed the EPA to determine if greenhouse gases contribute to global warming and if so whether global warming endangered public health and welfare87 By the end of 2009 the EPA o$cially determined that emissions of carbon dioxide endanger public health and welfare by contributing to global warming88

In December 2010 the EPA announced its plan to release new performance standards and manda-tory emissions guidelines for all new fossil fuel-red power plants89 The EPA proposed an interim carbon pollution standard for new power plants in April 2012 that is in eect until a rule can be nalized90 This step set the rst-ever national limits on the amount of carbon pollution power plants can emit91

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

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l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

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orag

e M

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ipal

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ht a

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naAu

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n In

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206

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nAl

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y Au

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ity5

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pend

ence

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rgy

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110

6

320

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um P

oint

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rgy

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ion

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Poi

nt E

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ates

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int

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rn E

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ount

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erat

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ipal

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Dist

1

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Ind

icat

es th

at th

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pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

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irem

ent11

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plusmn O

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ned

by m

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lyin

g Em

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5 a

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hare

of P

ower

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tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

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ns fo

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r as a

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re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

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nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

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sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

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re o

f St

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ide

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l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

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1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

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ssn

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oman

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298

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ject

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ourc

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int

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er R

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39

99

36

36

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dian

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er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

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Riv

er O

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tions

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157

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ge M

oor

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pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

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LLC

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ntD

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are

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Refi

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pany

LLC

018

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RG E

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r D

over

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102

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918

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rFl

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a Po

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c7

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515

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tes

Geo

rgia

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er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

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re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

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re o

f St

atew

ide

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l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

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ntKa

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51

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ter

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Amer

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116

729

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34

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orth

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Amer

ican

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576

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Amer

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432

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Mid

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ican

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rgy

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Lig

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005

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e En

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ana

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ky E

lect

ric C

orp

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Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

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hare

of P

ower

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tor T

otal

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1) b

y Em

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r as a

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re o

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10) U

S E

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oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

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sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

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wer

-Sec

tor

as a

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re o

f St

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ide

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l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

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Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

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rW

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r En

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369

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olco

mb

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orp

276

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On

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ntic

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Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

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Appendices 41

Tab

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42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 5: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

4 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Executive Summary

Global warming is one of the most profound threats of our time and wersquore already start-ing to feel the impacts ndash especially when it

comes to extreme weather From Hurricane Sandy to devastating droughts and deadly heat waves ex-treme weather events threaten our safety our health and our environment and scientists predict things will only get worse for future generations unless we cut the dangerous global warming pollution that is fueling the problem Power plants are the largest source of global warming pollution in the United States responsible for 41 percent of the nationrsquos production of carbon dioxide pollution the leading greenhouse gas driving global warming

Americarsquos power plants are among the most signi-cant sources of carbon dioxide pollution in the world The 50 most-polluting US power plants emit more than 2 percent of the worldrsquos energy-related carbon dioxide pollution ndash or more pollution than every nation except six worldwide

Despite their enormous contribution to global warm-ing US power plants do not face any federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution To protect our health our safety and our environment from the worst impacts of global warming the United States should clean up the dirtiest power plants

A small handful of the dirtiest power plants produce a massive and disproportionate share of the nationrsquos global warming pollution

In 2011 the US power sector contributed 41 percent of all US emissions of carbon dioxide the leading pollutant driving global warming

There are nearly 6000 electricity generating facili-ties in the United States but most of the global warming pollution emitted by the US power sector comes from a handful of exceptionally dirty power plants For example about 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions in 2011 came from the 50 dirtiest power plants about half came from the 100 dirtiest plants and about 90 percent came from the 500 dirtiest plants (See Figure ES-1)

Figure ES-1 The 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute Significantly to US Carbon Dioxide Pollution (Million Metric Tons ndash MMT) 2011

Executive Summary 5

The dirtiest power plant in the United States Georgia Powerrsquos Plant Scherer produced more than 21 million metric tons of carbon dioxide in 2011 ndash more than the total energy-related emissions of Maine (See Table ES-1)

Dirty power plants produce a disproportionate share of the nationrsquos global warming pollution ndash especially given the relatively small share of total electricity they produce For example despite producing 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions the 50 dirtiest power plants only produced 16 percent of the nationrsquos electricity in 2011

The dirtiest US power plants are major sources of global warming pollution on a global scale

If the 50 most-polluting US power plants were an independent nation they would be the seventh-largest emitter of carbon dioxide in the world behind Germany and ahead of South Korea (See Figure ES-2) These power plants emitted carbon dioxide pollution equivalent to more than half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States in 2010

Table ES-1 Emissions Equivalencies for the Nationrsquos Top Emitters of Global Warming Pollution

Total 2011

Emissions (Million Metric Tons of

Carbon Dioxide)

Percent of Total US

Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Percent of Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions from

Energy UseThese Plants Produce Carbon Dioxide

Greater Than or Equivalent Tohellip

Top Polluting Plant (Scherer

Power Plant GA)21 04 01

The total energy-related emissions of Maine

The pollution produced by electricity use in all New England homes in a year

Top 10 Polluting Power Plants

179 34 05

The pollution emitted by all the passenger vehicles in New York and California

The total energy-related emissions of Venezuela

Top 50 Polluting Power Plants

656 124 20

Half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States

The total energy-related emissions of Texas

Top 100 Polluting Power Plants

1052 199 32

The emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States

The pollution produced by electricity use in all US homes in a year

6 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

China UnitedStates

All USPowerPlants

India Russia Japan Germany 50 DirtiestUS

PowerPlants

SouthKorea

Canada

Figure ES-2 Carbon Dioxide Pollution Emitted by the 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Compared to Other Countries (MMT CO2)

The 100 most-polluting US power plants produced more than 3 percent of the worldrsquos carbon dioxide emissions from energy use in 2011 while the 500 most-polluting power plants were responsible for about 6 percent

To protect our health our safety and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up polluting power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions from all exist-ing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should work to meet its Sep-tember 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nal-izing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emis-sions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 2015 The standards should be based on the most recent climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reduction targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

Executive Summary 7

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal levels to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors In particular the United States should prioritize es-tablishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash including trans-portation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renewable energy

at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electricity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transportation fuels

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further rider-ship increases through better transit service and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Green-house Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeast-ern state and implementing Californiarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

8 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Introduction

It doesnrsquot take a trip to the Arctic Circle to see evidence of global warming these days The im-pacts of a warming planet are now appearing

on our doorsteps making headlines in the morning paper The United States has seen much more than its usual share of extreme downpours and intense heat waves in recent years and emerging science links the increase in frequency and severity of some of these events to global warming1 New research also shows that a warmer world is likely to exacer-bate the impacts of extreme weather events such as hurricanes oods drought and wildres2 Many extreme weather events of 2012 foreshadow the kind of disruption global warming may cause in the future From the late-season ldquosuperstormrdquo Hurricane Sandy wreaking havoc on the East Coast to early-season wildres destroying thousands of homes in the West to year-round drought conditions parch-ing the largest area of the continental US since 1956 extreme weather events are occurring with increasing frequency and severity3

Since 2007 federally declared weather-related disasters in the United States have aected counties housing 243 million people ndash or nearly four out of ve Americans4 These events have caused billions of dollars in economic damage have harmed our natural environment and have jeopardized the lives of thousands of people Climate science tells us that the impacts of these events will only worsen

for future generations unless we immediately and dramatically reduce the dangerous carbon pollution that is fueling the problem Meeting that challenge can seem overwhelming and itrsquos certainly not going to be easy But the United States and the world can make a major down-payment toward those emission reductions by cleaning up our biggest sources of pollution

In the case of the United States that means power plants As this report will show a small number of dirty power plants make a massive and dispropor-tionate contribution to the nationrsquos global warming emissions Cleaning up our existing power plants ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power plants ndash would make a signicant dier-ence in ghting global warming

For the rst time in history the United States is preparing to take action to clean up these massive sources of carbon pollution In 2012 the Environ-mental Protection Agency (EPA) issued the rst-ever pollution standards for new power plants and this summer President Obama directed the EPA to estab-lish a standard for existing power plants by 20155

By nalizing strong carbon pollution standards for new and existing power plants the US will seize one of its best available opportunities to signicantly re-duce carbon pollution ndash helping to forestall the worst impacts of global warming for future generations

Introduction 9

Photo Keith Syvinski

By nalizing strong carbon pollution standards for new and existing power plants the US will seize one of its best available opportunities to signicantly reduce carbon pollution ndash helping to forestall the worst impacts of global warming for future generations

Indiana Michigan Power Companyrsquos coal-fired Rockport power plant in Spencer County Indiana is the 11th largest emitter of carbon dioxide pollution in the US power sector It produces global warming pollution equivalent to that produced by 32 million passenger vehicles in a year See Table A-2 in Appendix

10 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon dioxide is the leading greenhouse gas driving global warming and power plants are the largest source of carbon dioxide

pollution in the United States6 Burning fossil fuels for electricity generation produced about 41 percent of total US carbon dioxide emissions in 20117 A disproportionate share of these power-sector carbon dioxide emissions come from a small subset of the nationrsquos dirtiest power plants particularly coal-red power plants However despite their enormous contribution to global warming US power plants currently face no federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution Cleaning up these dirty power plants with strong nationwide pollution standards is one of the most important steps the US can take to curb global warming pollution

e 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute a Massive and Disproportionate Share of Carbon Dioxide EmissionsThere are nearly 6000 electricity generating facilities in the United States but most of the global warming pollution emitted by the US power sector comes from a handful of exceptionally dirty power plants8 These dirty power plants also produce a dispropor-tionately large amount of the nationrsquos total global warming pollution For example just one of these

dirty power plants Georgia Powerrsquos Plant Scherer produces more global warming pollution each year than all the energy-related emissions of Maine9

In 2011 the 50 dirtiest US power plants were responsible for 30 percent of all US power-sector emissions of carbon dioxide 12 percent of total US energy-related emissions and 2 percent of worldwide energy-related emissions10 (See Figure 1) If the 50 dirtiest power plants were an independent nation they would be the seventh-largest emitter of carbon dioxide pollution in the world behind Germany and ahead of South Korea11 (See Figure 2) Their emissions in 2011 were greater than half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States in 201012 (See Table 1 for additional comparisons)

The 100 dirtiest plants were responsible for about half of total carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector in 2011 and more than 3 percent of total worldwide emissions from energy use13

The 500 dirtiest power plants were responsible for around 90 percent of total carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector and about 6 percent of total worldwide emissions from energy use14

e Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 11

Figure 1 The 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute Significantly to US Carbon Dioxide Emissions

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

China UnitedStates

All USPowerPlants

India Russia Japan Germany 50 DirtiestUS

PowerPlants

SouthKorea

Canada

Figure 2 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Pollution Emitted by the 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Compared to CO2

Pollution in Other Countries (MMT)

12 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

e Dirtiest Power Plants Are Old and InecientCoal-red power plants are among the biggest sources of carbon dioxide pollution in the electric power sector24 In fact 98 of the nationrsquos 100 most-polluting power plants in terms of total carbon di-oxide emissions are coal plants among the top 500 317 (63 percent) are coal plants25 The remainder are older oil and gas-red power plants (See Table A-2 in Appendix)

Most of the nationrsquos coal plants are old and inef-cient About 74 percent of US coal plants were at least 30 years old at the end of 2012 and about half were 40 to 60 years old according to the Energy

Table 1 Emissions Equivalencies for the Nationrsquos Top Emitters of Global Warming Pollution15

Total 2011 Emissions

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon

Dioxide)

Percent of Total US Carbon

Dioxide Emissions

Percent of Global Carbon

Dioxide Emissions from

Energy UseThese Plants Produce Carbon Dioxide

Greater Than or Equivalent Tohellip

Top Polluting Plant (Scherer

Power Plant GA)

21 04 01

The total energy-related emissions of Maine16

The pollution produced by electricity use in all New England homes in a year17

Top 10 Polluting

Power Plants 179 34 05

The pollution emitted by all the passen-ger vehicles in New York and California18

The total energy-related emissions of Venezuela19

Top 50 Polluting

Power Plants656 124 20

Half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States20

The total energy-related emission of Texas21

Top 100 Polluting

Power Plants1052 199 32

The emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States22

The pollution produced by electricity use in all US homes in a year23

Information Administration (EIA)26 Coal plants are not designed to last much longer than 30 years but coal companies routinely renovate these plants to extend their lifetimes27 Still many of these plants are ine$cient to operate so power providers run them at only a fraction of their full capacity or for shorter periods of time which results in a lower ldquocapacity factorrdquo (the ratio of a power plantrsquos actual output compared to its full capacity) for the oldest and dirtiest plants In 2009 the average capacity factor for the whole US coal eet was 64 percent with about 40 percent reporting capacity factors below 30 percent28

Although many coal plants today are underutilized because of their age and ine$ciency they remain

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 13

among the worst contributors to global warming pollution For example coal-red power plants were responsible for nearly 80 percent of the global warming pollution produced by electric power plants in 2011 even though they pro-duced only 42 percent of the nationrsquos electricity29 The 50 dirtiest plants produced 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions but only 16 percent of electricity nationwide in 201130 In some states this imbalance is even more ex-treme (See Figure 3)

Figure 3 Share of Statewide Power-Sector Emissions vs Share of Electricity Generation for Top 5 Emitters in 20 States31

81

82

83

85

88

88

89

89

90

91

92

93

93

94

96

96

97

99

99

100

22

11

40

46

35

60

44

46

78

69

8

65

50

23

52

48

3

53

49

46

0 20 40 60 80 100

AZMETN

MNWA

KSWYORUTID

AKNDNE

NMMTVTNH

RIDESD

Top 5 Shareof TotalElectricityGeneration(2011)

Top 5 Shareof TotalPower-SectorEmissions(2011)

In some states emissions from a handful of the dirtiest power plants can exceed emissions from the rest of the economy including the industrial and transportation sectors For example in ve states ndash Wyoming Montana North Dakota West Virginia and New Mexico ndash the ve dirtiest power plants are responsible for about half of total state-wide energy-related emissions and in 31 states these top polluters are responsible for at least one-quarter of statewide energy-related emis-sions (See Table 2 and Table A-3 in the Appendix)

14 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table 2 Emissions of Top 5 Polluting Plants as a Share of Power-Sector and Statewide Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions in 50 States 201132

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Wyoming 381 89 59Montana 161 96 55

North Dakota 271 93 52West Virginia 493 69 52New Mexico 291 94 50

Utah 306 90 49Arizona 430 81 46

Nebraska 247 93 45Arkansas 320 92 45

Kansas 308 88 41Alabama 481 63 36Delaware 39 99 36

North Carolina 430 71 36Missouri 501 62 35Georgia 521 76 34

Iowa 297 75 34Kentucky 504 54 34

South Carolina 263 70 34Tennessee 344 83 34Oklahoma 350 69 32

Hawaii 56 77 31New Hampshire 49 97 31

Wisconsin 291 67 29Maryland 186 80 28

Nevada 93 64 28Colorado 262 67 28

Rhode Island 35 99 28Michigan 428 64 27

Indiana 587 52 27Minnesota 263 85 27Mississippi 141 61 25

Ohio 547 50 24South Dakota 29 100 23Pennsylvania 557 48 22

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 15

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Oregon 59 89 22Illinois 440 46 19

Virginia 168 60 19Florida 417 37 18

Massachusetts 105 66 16Connecticut 59 75 16Washington 67 88 15

Louisiana 350 61 12Maine 28 82 11Texas 746 30 10

New Jersey 99 64 10New York 110 32 7

Alaska 28 75 6Idaho 04 91 4

California 75 19 2Vermont 00 96 0

Despite the large contribution of fossil fuel-red power plants to US global warming emissions neither these highly polluting plants nor proposed new power plants face any federal regulations limit-ing emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse

gases As a result these power plants have emitted carbon dioxide pollution unchecked for decades and there is no guarantee that new power plants will be built in ways that minimize their contribution to global warming

Table 2 (continued)

16 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming

Global warming threatens our health our safety and our environment Rising global average temperatures and other climate

impacts have already resulted in extreme precipita-tion events and heat waves in the United States and climate science tells us that global warming will likely lead to further changes in weather extremes34 Extreme weather events such as Hurricane Sandy extended droughts heat waves and oods caused by heavy precipitation are likely to become more common in a warming world35 At the same time global warming-induced sea-level rise changes in summer and winter precipitation patterns and eco-system changes could reduce the ability of natural and man-made systems to withstand even normal weather events

To avoid the worst impacts of global warming worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants will have to peak roughly three years from now and then decline quickly and dramatically ndash dropping by more than 50 percent by 205036 In the United States addressing this chal-lenge means cleaning up our biggest sources of global warming pollution ndash especially dirty power plants which are responsible for more than 40 per-cent of our emissions of carbon dioxide each year37

A handful of exceptionally dirty power plants are the worst contributors to this problem By focusing on cleaning up power plants ndash our countryrsquos largest single source of carbon pollution ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power

plants in the United States America can make a meaningful dierence in preventing the worst im-pacts of global warming

e US must act now to prevent the worst impacts of global warmingIn 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ndash the worldrsquos foremost scientic authority on the subject ndash concluded that ldquowarm-ing of the climate system is unequivocalrdquo and that ldquo[m]ost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropo-genic [greenhouse gas] concentrationsrdquo38 In 2013 in a draft of its upcoming Fifth Assessment Report on climate change the IPCC strengthened this asser-tion citing ldquonear certaintyrdquo that global warming is human-caused and suggesting that seas could rise by as much as three feet by the end of the century if greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated39

Clear signs of global warming have already begun to emerge

Global average sea and air temperatures in 2010 were tied for the hottest on record according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-istration (NOAA)40 2001 to 2010 was the hottest decade on record with average temperatures estimated to be 083˚F hotter than the 1961-1990 norm41 2010 was also the wettest year on record based on global average precipitation42

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 17

Oceans have absorbed 80 percent of the extra heat in the climate system causing ocean water to expand43 Coupled with melting glaciers this has caused sea levels to rise by about eight inches ndash with the rate of increase accelerating44

Hurricanes have become more intense and the frequency of extreme rain and snowstorms has increased45

At the same time droughts in many parts of the world have become longer and more severe especially in the tropics and subtropics46

In the United States warmer average annual temperatures are connected to increases in extreme precipitation and more intense heat waves Furthermore the US has experienced an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events including oods prolonged drought more intense wildres and stronger tropi-cal storms and hurricanes47

The more global warming pollution that humanity emits the more serious the consequences And the changes will be largely irreversible for a thousand years after emissions stop48

On our current emissions path humanity risks in-creasing the average global temperature by 4degC (72degF) or more (above the pre-industrial era) by the end of this century even if current emission reduc-tion commitments and pledges are met according to a 2012 report by the World Bank49 Warming on this scale would have catastrophic consequences includ-ing

Sea level rise of as much as 3 feet in the next century causing extensive coastal inundation and increasing the risk of storm surge ooding in major coastal cities50 By 2300 global mean sea levels could rise as high as 13 feet above present-day levels51

A 150 percent increase in ocean acidity above pre-industrial levels resulting in wide-ranging negative impacts on marine species and ecosys-tems with particularly severe damage to coral reefs and sheries52

An increase of 20-30 percent in the amount of precipitation falling during heavy rainstorms increasing the risk of major ooding events in many parts of the world53

Increasing aridity drought and extreme tempera-tures in Africa southern Europe and the Middle East and most of the Americas Australia and Southeast Asia54

Global Warming Endangers Public HealthHotter temperatures bring about numerous threats to public health High temperatures combine with sunlight nitrogen oxides and volatile organic com-pounds to create ozone ldquosmogrdquo which damages the respiratory system reduces lung function and aggravates asthma and other respiratory diseases55 The Union of Concerned Scientists estimates that by 2020 students in the United States could experience more than 900000 additional missed school days and seniors and infants could experience more than 5000 additional hospitalizations due to increases of ozone smog exposure that result from the higher temperatures caused by global warming56 Higher temperatures will also allow pollen allergens such as ragweed to proliferate causing those who suf-fer from seasonal allergies to experience worsening symptoms such as hay fever and asthma57

Global warming can also be expected to increase the number of deaths caused by heat stress58 Exces-sive heat events happen when high temperatures combine with other weather conditions ndash such as dew point temperature cloud cover wind speed and surface atmospheric pressure throughout the day ndash

18 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

and contribute to heat-related deaths in a particular location59 According to a 2012 study by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) excessive heat events caused by global warming could kill up to 150000 people in Americarsquos 40 largest cities by the end of the century60

Higher temperatures may also change the patterns of occurrence of various infectious diseases A 2009 study for example found a correlation between warmer temperatures and increased reports of infec-tion by West Nile Virus61 Global warming may also increase the risk of more frequent and more wide-spread outbreaks of waterborne illnesses by allow-ing warm-water pathogens to expand into cooler climates or by exposing more urban water bodies to sewage contamination after ooding caused by major precipitation events according to NRDC62

Increases in droughts and ooding caused by global warming can also reduce water available for drinking or for irrigation they can also harm crops directly diminishing food variety nutritional content and availability all of which can contribute to malnutri-tion and the spread of disease63 Finally sea-level rise and disasters such as strong storms and oods can damage urban infrastructure and displace existing communities64

Global warming pollutants are not the only emis-sions from power plants that harm human health For example in 2010 two-thirds of all airborne mercury pollution in the United States came from the smokestacks of coal-red power plants65 Mercury is a potent neurotoxicant and exposure to mercury during critical periods of brain development can contribute to irreversible decits in verbal skills dam-age to attention and motor control and reduced IQ66 Coal- and natural gas-red power plants also emit nitrogen oxides (NOX) which exacerbate ozone smog pollution as well as other pollutants that contrib-ute to particulate matter and acid rain Like smog particulate matter pollution contributes to a host of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments67 Sulfur

dioxide too is a respiratory irritant for sensitive populations68 In addition it is a major component of acid rain that has damaged forests across the eastern United States69

Cleaning Up US Power Plants Would Cut Carbon Pollution at a Global ScaleHumanity as a whole must limit emissions to no more than 1 trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide from 2000 through 2050 in order to have a 75 percent chance of limiting the global temperature increase to 36deg F (2deg C) above the pre-industrial era ndash a target the international community has set to limit the most severe global warming impacts70 For the world this means that emissions will need to peak by 2015 and decline by more than half by 2050 to have a chance at preventing the worst impacts of climate change71 For the United States and other developed countries emission reductions must occur more quickly and more steeply with reductions of at least 25 to 40 per-cent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 to 95 percent by 205072

As of 2011 annual US greenhouse gas emissions were still 10 percent above 1990 levels73 The annual emissions from a small group of the nationrsquos dirti-est power plants are greatly hindering our ability to meet the emissions reduction targets necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming Replac-ing these power plants with zero-emission energy sources such as wind and solar power or eliminating the need for the power they produce through en-ergy e$ciency and conservation would reduce US greenhouse gas emissions to 11 percent below 1990 levels even in the absence of other eorts to reduce emissions74

Limiting carbon dioxide pollution from new and ex-isting power plants is one of the most eective ways to reduce US global warming pollution in the short run and for decades to come reducing the risk that

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 19

emissions will reach a level that triggers dangerous irreversible climate change impacts

Adopting federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution from power plants as part of a suite of policies to reduce global warming pollution at all levels of gov-ernment would help the United States achieve 2020 emissions reduction targets ndash even in the absence of a federal economy-wide cap on carbon pollu-tion For example Environment America Research amp Policy Centerrsquos 2011 report The Way Forward on Global Warming demonstrated that with a suite of

local state and federal policies to increase energy e$ciency deploy clean energy technologies and improve public transportation the United States could curb emissions of carbon dioxide from en-ergy use by as much as 35 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 20 percent below 1990 levels by 203075 A nationwide cap on carbon pollution from all sources ndash not just power plants ndash would al-low the United States to make the remaining emis-sions reductions necessary to prevent the worst impacts of global warming

20 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants

The unprecedented threat that global warm-ing poses to our health our safety and our environment demands that the United

States takes urgent action to reduce emissions of global warming pollution However US power plants currently face no federal limits on the amount of carbon dioxide pollution they can emit

Given the enormous share of global warming pollu-tion contributed by US power plants limiting car-bon dioxide emissions from both new and existing power plants must be a key part of any strategy to reduce US global warming emissions Fortunately the rst steps toward setting these standards are already being taken On June 25 2013 President Obama announced his plan to address global warm-ing through executive action using existing statu-tory authority and funds76 The two most important elements of this plan are nalizing carbon emissions standards for new power plants and directing the EPA to quickly propose and implement a limit on existing plants77

The EPA proposed a limit on new power plants in March 2012 Since then the EPA has received more than 32 million public comments supporting limiting carbon pollution from power plants and President Obama has asked the EPA to re-propose a carbon pollution standard for new power plants by September 20 201378

The originally proposed limit restricts global warm-ing pollution for facilities 25 megawatts (MW) or

larger to 1000 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity they produce79 According to the EPA this standard was based on commonly used combined-cycle natural gas power plants ndash a standard that new coal plants are highly unlikely to meet80 Existing coal plants produce an average of 2180 lbs CO2MWh with the worst plants producing more than 3000 lbs CO2MWh81

The EPA has yet to propose a standard for existing power plants a large portion of which are aging coal-red plants However the president has directed the EPA to propose and submit carbon pollution limits for existing plants by June 2014 and to nalize those limits the following year82 (See ldquoThe Long Road to Carbon Pollution Limitsrdquo on page 21)

Some states already limit carbon pollution from pow-er plants California has an economy-wide cap on car-bon dioxide emissions and nine states from Maine to Maryland participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) which caps pollution from power plants in the Northeast Once nalized the EPArsquos carbon pollution limits for all new power plants nationwide would go a long way toward reducing future US global warming pollution However the agency must also move quickly to establish strong federal standards for existing power plants ndash and force the nationrsquos largest sources of carbon pollution to clean up

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 21

e Long Road to Carbon Pollution LimitsThe Obama administrationrsquos recent actions indicating progress toward carbon dioxide pollution from power plants are the culmination of a 14-year campaign to clean up the nationrsquos power plants In 1999 one year after the EPA declined to include carbon dioxide pollution limits in new vehicle emissions standards 19 environmental and public interest groups petitioned the EPA to classify carbon dioxide as an air pollutant subject to the Clean Air Act regulation83 They cited car-bon dioxidersquos contribution to global warming ndash which threatens human health and the environ-ment ndash as rationale for regulation84

In 2003 the EPA released an o$cial statement that it did not believe the Act authorized the EPA to regulate global warming pollution and that even if it did authorize regulating greenhouse gases the EPA objected to doing so on policy grounds85 However the US Supreme Court dis-agreed with the EPA in 2007 ruling with several states and environmental groups that the EPA does indeed have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases and that its policy objections were insu$cient to decline to regulate86 The court also directed the EPA to determine if greenhouse gases contribute to global warming and if so whether global warming endangered public health and welfare87 By the end of 2009 the EPA o$cially determined that emissions of carbon dioxide endanger public health and welfare by contributing to global warming88

In December 2010 the EPA announced its plan to release new performance standards and manda-tory emissions guidelines for all new fossil fuel-red power plants89 The EPA proposed an interim carbon pollution standard for new power plants in April 2012 that is in eect until a rule can be nalized90 This step set the rst-ever national limits on the amount of carbon pollution power plants can emit91

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

3Au

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

Che

naAu

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

034

4N

orth

Pol

eG

olde

n Va

lley

Elec

Ass

n In

c0

30

5H

ealy

Gol

den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

ama

Pow

er C

o7

33

4W

idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

06

5C

olbe

rtTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

Ente

rgy

Arka

nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

Ene

rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

2

79

AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t15

92

430

81

57

46

2Sp

ringe

rvill

eTu

cson

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

o11

45

3C

holla

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o7

45

4C

oron

ado

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

75

19

12

2

2D

elta

Ene

rgy

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ter

Del

ta E

nerg

y C

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r LL

C1

64

3H

ayne

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s An

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s D

epar

tmen

t of

Wat

er amp

Pow

er1

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4C

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nes

Sacr

amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

5El

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

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f Col

orad

o7

21

3C

hero

kee

Publ

ic S

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ce C

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f Col

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01

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wne

ePu

blic

Ser

vice

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of C

olor

ado

305

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ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

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ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

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er C

o L

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idge

port

Ene

rgy

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ect

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rt E

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y L

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gy S

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ms

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n En

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tem

s L

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Sta

tion

PSEG

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er C

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ut L

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53

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tom

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ourc

es0

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S G

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g an

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d Po

int

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er R

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rces

001

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1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

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170

39

99

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36

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dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

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nIn

dian

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er O

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tions

Inc

157

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ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

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are

City

Pla

ntD

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are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

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018

5N

RG E

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y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

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er L

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FL1

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stal

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er

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ress

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rgy

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ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

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gy C

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rFl

orid

a Po

wer

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ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

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ic C

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e In

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ns R

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er P

ark

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1Sc

here

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ia P

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213

252

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wen

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rgia

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er C

o14

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eorg

ia P

ower

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719

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arlle

e Br

anch

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eorg

ia P

ower

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515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

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er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

Rath

drum

Pow

er L

LCRa

thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

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o Po

wer

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003

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pert

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en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

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ratio

ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

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arw

ater

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er C

orpo

ratio

n0

02

IL1

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win

Ene

rgy

Com

plex

Dyn

egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

Gib

son

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e En

ergy

Indi

ana

Inc

169

558

752

52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

Indi

anap

olis

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o10

05

4R

M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

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City

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er amp

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ht C

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22

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wre

nce

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gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

LC7

01

3Br

ame

Ener

gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

Poi

nt L

LCG

enO

n C

halk

Poi

nt L

LC3

79

4H

erbe

rt A

Wag

ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

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ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

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611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

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1

73

5C

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er

Appa

lach

ian

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er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

Cou

nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

Poi

nt C

ogen

erat

ion

Mar

ch P

oint

Cog

ener

atio

n C

o0

36

4M

int

Farm

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

138

849

369

75

52

2Fi

rstE

nerg

y H

arris

on P

ower

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

erAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

850

4M

itche

llO

hio

Pow

er C

o8

37

5M

t S

torm

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

818

WY

1Jim

Brid

ger

Paci

fiCor

p12

87

381

89

66

59

2La

ram

ie R

iver

Sta

tion

Basin

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

oop

122

1

3D

ave

John

ston

Paci

fiCor

p5

50

4N

augh

ton

Paci

fiCor

p5

34

5W

yoda

kPa

cifiC

orp

220

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 6: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

Executive Summary 5

The dirtiest power plant in the United States Georgia Powerrsquos Plant Scherer produced more than 21 million metric tons of carbon dioxide in 2011 ndash more than the total energy-related emissions of Maine (See Table ES-1)

Dirty power plants produce a disproportionate share of the nationrsquos global warming pollution ndash especially given the relatively small share of total electricity they produce For example despite producing 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions the 50 dirtiest power plants only produced 16 percent of the nationrsquos electricity in 2011

The dirtiest US power plants are major sources of global warming pollution on a global scale

If the 50 most-polluting US power plants were an independent nation they would be the seventh-largest emitter of carbon dioxide in the world behind Germany and ahead of South Korea (See Figure ES-2) These power plants emitted carbon dioxide pollution equivalent to more than half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States in 2010

Table ES-1 Emissions Equivalencies for the Nationrsquos Top Emitters of Global Warming Pollution

Total 2011

Emissions (Million Metric Tons of

Carbon Dioxide)

Percent of Total US

Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Percent of Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions from

Energy UseThese Plants Produce Carbon Dioxide

Greater Than or Equivalent Tohellip

Top Polluting Plant (Scherer

Power Plant GA)21 04 01

The total energy-related emissions of Maine

The pollution produced by electricity use in all New England homes in a year

Top 10 Polluting Power Plants

179 34 05

The pollution emitted by all the passenger vehicles in New York and California

The total energy-related emissions of Venezuela

Top 50 Polluting Power Plants

656 124 20

Half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States

The total energy-related emissions of Texas

Top 100 Polluting Power Plants

1052 199 32

The emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States

The pollution produced by electricity use in all US homes in a year

6 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

China UnitedStates

All USPowerPlants

India Russia Japan Germany 50 DirtiestUS

PowerPlants

SouthKorea

Canada

Figure ES-2 Carbon Dioxide Pollution Emitted by the 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Compared to Other Countries (MMT CO2)

The 100 most-polluting US power plants produced more than 3 percent of the worldrsquos carbon dioxide emissions from energy use in 2011 while the 500 most-polluting power plants were responsible for about 6 percent

To protect our health our safety and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up polluting power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions from all exist-ing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should work to meet its Sep-tember 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nal-izing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emis-sions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 2015 The standards should be based on the most recent climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reduction targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

Executive Summary 7

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal levels to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors In particular the United States should prioritize es-tablishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash including trans-portation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renewable energy

at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electricity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transportation fuels

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further rider-ship increases through better transit service and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Green-house Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeast-ern state and implementing Californiarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

8 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Introduction

It doesnrsquot take a trip to the Arctic Circle to see evidence of global warming these days The im-pacts of a warming planet are now appearing

on our doorsteps making headlines in the morning paper The United States has seen much more than its usual share of extreme downpours and intense heat waves in recent years and emerging science links the increase in frequency and severity of some of these events to global warming1 New research also shows that a warmer world is likely to exacer-bate the impacts of extreme weather events such as hurricanes oods drought and wildres2 Many extreme weather events of 2012 foreshadow the kind of disruption global warming may cause in the future From the late-season ldquosuperstormrdquo Hurricane Sandy wreaking havoc on the East Coast to early-season wildres destroying thousands of homes in the West to year-round drought conditions parch-ing the largest area of the continental US since 1956 extreme weather events are occurring with increasing frequency and severity3

Since 2007 federally declared weather-related disasters in the United States have aected counties housing 243 million people ndash or nearly four out of ve Americans4 These events have caused billions of dollars in economic damage have harmed our natural environment and have jeopardized the lives of thousands of people Climate science tells us that the impacts of these events will only worsen

for future generations unless we immediately and dramatically reduce the dangerous carbon pollution that is fueling the problem Meeting that challenge can seem overwhelming and itrsquos certainly not going to be easy But the United States and the world can make a major down-payment toward those emission reductions by cleaning up our biggest sources of pollution

In the case of the United States that means power plants As this report will show a small number of dirty power plants make a massive and dispropor-tionate contribution to the nationrsquos global warming emissions Cleaning up our existing power plants ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power plants ndash would make a signicant dier-ence in ghting global warming

For the rst time in history the United States is preparing to take action to clean up these massive sources of carbon pollution In 2012 the Environ-mental Protection Agency (EPA) issued the rst-ever pollution standards for new power plants and this summer President Obama directed the EPA to estab-lish a standard for existing power plants by 20155

By nalizing strong carbon pollution standards for new and existing power plants the US will seize one of its best available opportunities to signicantly re-duce carbon pollution ndash helping to forestall the worst impacts of global warming for future generations

Introduction 9

Photo Keith Syvinski

By nalizing strong carbon pollution standards for new and existing power plants the US will seize one of its best available opportunities to signicantly reduce carbon pollution ndash helping to forestall the worst impacts of global warming for future generations

Indiana Michigan Power Companyrsquos coal-fired Rockport power plant in Spencer County Indiana is the 11th largest emitter of carbon dioxide pollution in the US power sector It produces global warming pollution equivalent to that produced by 32 million passenger vehicles in a year See Table A-2 in Appendix

10 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon dioxide is the leading greenhouse gas driving global warming and power plants are the largest source of carbon dioxide

pollution in the United States6 Burning fossil fuels for electricity generation produced about 41 percent of total US carbon dioxide emissions in 20117 A disproportionate share of these power-sector carbon dioxide emissions come from a small subset of the nationrsquos dirtiest power plants particularly coal-red power plants However despite their enormous contribution to global warming US power plants currently face no federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution Cleaning up these dirty power plants with strong nationwide pollution standards is one of the most important steps the US can take to curb global warming pollution

e 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute a Massive and Disproportionate Share of Carbon Dioxide EmissionsThere are nearly 6000 electricity generating facilities in the United States but most of the global warming pollution emitted by the US power sector comes from a handful of exceptionally dirty power plants8 These dirty power plants also produce a dispropor-tionately large amount of the nationrsquos total global warming pollution For example just one of these

dirty power plants Georgia Powerrsquos Plant Scherer produces more global warming pollution each year than all the energy-related emissions of Maine9

In 2011 the 50 dirtiest US power plants were responsible for 30 percent of all US power-sector emissions of carbon dioxide 12 percent of total US energy-related emissions and 2 percent of worldwide energy-related emissions10 (See Figure 1) If the 50 dirtiest power plants were an independent nation they would be the seventh-largest emitter of carbon dioxide pollution in the world behind Germany and ahead of South Korea11 (See Figure 2) Their emissions in 2011 were greater than half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States in 201012 (See Table 1 for additional comparisons)

The 100 dirtiest plants were responsible for about half of total carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector in 2011 and more than 3 percent of total worldwide emissions from energy use13

The 500 dirtiest power plants were responsible for around 90 percent of total carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector and about 6 percent of total worldwide emissions from energy use14

e Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 11

Figure 1 The 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute Significantly to US Carbon Dioxide Emissions

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

China UnitedStates

All USPowerPlants

India Russia Japan Germany 50 DirtiestUS

PowerPlants

SouthKorea

Canada

Figure 2 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Pollution Emitted by the 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Compared to CO2

Pollution in Other Countries (MMT)

12 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

e Dirtiest Power Plants Are Old and InecientCoal-red power plants are among the biggest sources of carbon dioxide pollution in the electric power sector24 In fact 98 of the nationrsquos 100 most-polluting power plants in terms of total carbon di-oxide emissions are coal plants among the top 500 317 (63 percent) are coal plants25 The remainder are older oil and gas-red power plants (See Table A-2 in Appendix)

Most of the nationrsquos coal plants are old and inef-cient About 74 percent of US coal plants were at least 30 years old at the end of 2012 and about half were 40 to 60 years old according to the Energy

Table 1 Emissions Equivalencies for the Nationrsquos Top Emitters of Global Warming Pollution15

Total 2011 Emissions

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon

Dioxide)

Percent of Total US Carbon

Dioxide Emissions

Percent of Global Carbon

Dioxide Emissions from

Energy UseThese Plants Produce Carbon Dioxide

Greater Than or Equivalent Tohellip

Top Polluting Plant (Scherer

Power Plant GA)

21 04 01

The total energy-related emissions of Maine16

The pollution produced by electricity use in all New England homes in a year17

Top 10 Polluting

Power Plants 179 34 05

The pollution emitted by all the passen-ger vehicles in New York and California18

The total energy-related emissions of Venezuela19

Top 50 Polluting

Power Plants656 124 20

Half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States20

The total energy-related emission of Texas21

Top 100 Polluting

Power Plants1052 199 32

The emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States22

The pollution produced by electricity use in all US homes in a year23

Information Administration (EIA)26 Coal plants are not designed to last much longer than 30 years but coal companies routinely renovate these plants to extend their lifetimes27 Still many of these plants are ine$cient to operate so power providers run them at only a fraction of their full capacity or for shorter periods of time which results in a lower ldquocapacity factorrdquo (the ratio of a power plantrsquos actual output compared to its full capacity) for the oldest and dirtiest plants In 2009 the average capacity factor for the whole US coal eet was 64 percent with about 40 percent reporting capacity factors below 30 percent28

Although many coal plants today are underutilized because of their age and ine$ciency they remain

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 13

among the worst contributors to global warming pollution For example coal-red power plants were responsible for nearly 80 percent of the global warming pollution produced by electric power plants in 2011 even though they pro-duced only 42 percent of the nationrsquos electricity29 The 50 dirtiest plants produced 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions but only 16 percent of electricity nationwide in 201130 In some states this imbalance is even more ex-treme (See Figure 3)

Figure 3 Share of Statewide Power-Sector Emissions vs Share of Electricity Generation for Top 5 Emitters in 20 States31

81

82

83

85

88

88

89

89

90

91

92

93

93

94

96

96

97

99

99

100

22

11

40

46

35

60

44

46

78

69

8

65

50

23

52

48

3

53

49

46

0 20 40 60 80 100

AZMETN

MNWA

KSWYORUTID

AKNDNE

NMMTVTNH

RIDESD

Top 5 Shareof TotalElectricityGeneration(2011)

Top 5 Shareof TotalPower-SectorEmissions(2011)

In some states emissions from a handful of the dirtiest power plants can exceed emissions from the rest of the economy including the industrial and transportation sectors For example in ve states ndash Wyoming Montana North Dakota West Virginia and New Mexico ndash the ve dirtiest power plants are responsible for about half of total state-wide energy-related emissions and in 31 states these top polluters are responsible for at least one-quarter of statewide energy-related emis-sions (See Table 2 and Table A-3 in the Appendix)

14 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table 2 Emissions of Top 5 Polluting Plants as a Share of Power-Sector and Statewide Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions in 50 States 201132

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Wyoming 381 89 59Montana 161 96 55

North Dakota 271 93 52West Virginia 493 69 52New Mexico 291 94 50

Utah 306 90 49Arizona 430 81 46

Nebraska 247 93 45Arkansas 320 92 45

Kansas 308 88 41Alabama 481 63 36Delaware 39 99 36

North Carolina 430 71 36Missouri 501 62 35Georgia 521 76 34

Iowa 297 75 34Kentucky 504 54 34

South Carolina 263 70 34Tennessee 344 83 34Oklahoma 350 69 32

Hawaii 56 77 31New Hampshire 49 97 31

Wisconsin 291 67 29Maryland 186 80 28

Nevada 93 64 28Colorado 262 67 28

Rhode Island 35 99 28Michigan 428 64 27

Indiana 587 52 27Minnesota 263 85 27Mississippi 141 61 25

Ohio 547 50 24South Dakota 29 100 23Pennsylvania 557 48 22

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 15

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Oregon 59 89 22Illinois 440 46 19

Virginia 168 60 19Florida 417 37 18

Massachusetts 105 66 16Connecticut 59 75 16Washington 67 88 15

Louisiana 350 61 12Maine 28 82 11Texas 746 30 10

New Jersey 99 64 10New York 110 32 7

Alaska 28 75 6Idaho 04 91 4

California 75 19 2Vermont 00 96 0

Despite the large contribution of fossil fuel-red power plants to US global warming emissions neither these highly polluting plants nor proposed new power plants face any federal regulations limit-ing emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse

gases As a result these power plants have emitted carbon dioxide pollution unchecked for decades and there is no guarantee that new power plants will be built in ways that minimize their contribution to global warming

Table 2 (continued)

16 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming

Global warming threatens our health our safety and our environment Rising global average temperatures and other climate

impacts have already resulted in extreme precipita-tion events and heat waves in the United States and climate science tells us that global warming will likely lead to further changes in weather extremes34 Extreme weather events such as Hurricane Sandy extended droughts heat waves and oods caused by heavy precipitation are likely to become more common in a warming world35 At the same time global warming-induced sea-level rise changes in summer and winter precipitation patterns and eco-system changes could reduce the ability of natural and man-made systems to withstand even normal weather events

To avoid the worst impacts of global warming worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants will have to peak roughly three years from now and then decline quickly and dramatically ndash dropping by more than 50 percent by 205036 In the United States addressing this chal-lenge means cleaning up our biggest sources of global warming pollution ndash especially dirty power plants which are responsible for more than 40 per-cent of our emissions of carbon dioxide each year37

A handful of exceptionally dirty power plants are the worst contributors to this problem By focusing on cleaning up power plants ndash our countryrsquos largest single source of carbon pollution ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power

plants in the United States America can make a meaningful dierence in preventing the worst im-pacts of global warming

e US must act now to prevent the worst impacts of global warmingIn 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ndash the worldrsquos foremost scientic authority on the subject ndash concluded that ldquowarm-ing of the climate system is unequivocalrdquo and that ldquo[m]ost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropo-genic [greenhouse gas] concentrationsrdquo38 In 2013 in a draft of its upcoming Fifth Assessment Report on climate change the IPCC strengthened this asser-tion citing ldquonear certaintyrdquo that global warming is human-caused and suggesting that seas could rise by as much as three feet by the end of the century if greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated39

Clear signs of global warming have already begun to emerge

Global average sea and air temperatures in 2010 were tied for the hottest on record according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-istration (NOAA)40 2001 to 2010 was the hottest decade on record with average temperatures estimated to be 083˚F hotter than the 1961-1990 norm41 2010 was also the wettest year on record based on global average precipitation42

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 17

Oceans have absorbed 80 percent of the extra heat in the climate system causing ocean water to expand43 Coupled with melting glaciers this has caused sea levels to rise by about eight inches ndash with the rate of increase accelerating44

Hurricanes have become more intense and the frequency of extreme rain and snowstorms has increased45

At the same time droughts in many parts of the world have become longer and more severe especially in the tropics and subtropics46

In the United States warmer average annual temperatures are connected to increases in extreme precipitation and more intense heat waves Furthermore the US has experienced an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events including oods prolonged drought more intense wildres and stronger tropi-cal storms and hurricanes47

The more global warming pollution that humanity emits the more serious the consequences And the changes will be largely irreversible for a thousand years after emissions stop48

On our current emissions path humanity risks in-creasing the average global temperature by 4degC (72degF) or more (above the pre-industrial era) by the end of this century even if current emission reduc-tion commitments and pledges are met according to a 2012 report by the World Bank49 Warming on this scale would have catastrophic consequences includ-ing

Sea level rise of as much as 3 feet in the next century causing extensive coastal inundation and increasing the risk of storm surge ooding in major coastal cities50 By 2300 global mean sea levels could rise as high as 13 feet above present-day levels51

A 150 percent increase in ocean acidity above pre-industrial levels resulting in wide-ranging negative impacts on marine species and ecosys-tems with particularly severe damage to coral reefs and sheries52

An increase of 20-30 percent in the amount of precipitation falling during heavy rainstorms increasing the risk of major ooding events in many parts of the world53

Increasing aridity drought and extreme tempera-tures in Africa southern Europe and the Middle East and most of the Americas Australia and Southeast Asia54

Global Warming Endangers Public HealthHotter temperatures bring about numerous threats to public health High temperatures combine with sunlight nitrogen oxides and volatile organic com-pounds to create ozone ldquosmogrdquo which damages the respiratory system reduces lung function and aggravates asthma and other respiratory diseases55 The Union of Concerned Scientists estimates that by 2020 students in the United States could experience more than 900000 additional missed school days and seniors and infants could experience more than 5000 additional hospitalizations due to increases of ozone smog exposure that result from the higher temperatures caused by global warming56 Higher temperatures will also allow pollen allergens such as ragweed to proliferate causing those who suf-fer from seasonal allergies to experience worsening symptoms such as hay fever and asthma57

Global warming can also be expected to increase the number of deaths caused by heat stress58 Exces-sive heat events happen when high temperatures combine with other weather conditions ndash such as dew point temperature cloud cover wind speed and surface atmospheric pressure throughout the day ndash

18 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

and contribute to heat-related deaths in a particular location59 According to a 2012 study by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) excessive heat events caused by global warming could kill up to 150000 people in Americarsquos 40 largest cities by the end of the century60

Higher temperatures may also change the patterns of occurrence of various infectious diseases A 2009 study for example found a correlation between warmer temperatures and increased reports of infec-tion by West Nile Virus61 Global warming may also increase the risk of more frequent and more wide-spread outbreaks of waterborne illnesses by allow-ing warm-water pathogens to expand into cooler climates or by exposing more urban water bodies to sewage contamination after ooding caused by major precipitation events according to NRDC62

Increases in droughts and ooding caused by global warming can also reduce water available for drinking or for irrigation they can also harm crops directly diminishing food variety nutritional content and availability all of which can contribute to malnutri-tion and the spread of disease63 Finally sea-level rise and disasters such as strong storms and oods can damage urban infrastructure and displace existing communities64

Global warming pollutants are not the only emis-sions from power plants that harm human health For example in 2010 two-thirds of all airborne mercury pollution in the United States came from the smokestacks of coal-red power plants65 Mercury is a potent neurotoxicant and exposure to mercury during critical periods of brain development can contribute to irreversible decits in verbal skills dam-age to attention and motor control and reduced IQ66 Coal- and natural gas-red power plants also emit nitrogen oxides (NOX) which exacerbate ozone smog pollution as well as other pollutants that contrib-ute to particulate matter and acid rain Like smog particulate matter pollution contributes to a host of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments67 Sulfur

dioxide too is a respiratory irritant for sensitive populations68 In addition it is a major component of acid rain that has damaged forests across the eastern United States69

Cleaning Up US Power Plants Would Cut Carbon Pollution at a Global ScaleHumanity as a whole must limit emissions to no more than 1 trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide from 2000 through 2050 in order to have a 75 percent chance of limiting the global temperature increase to 36deg F (2deg C) above the pre-industrial era ndash a target the international community has set to limit the most severe global warming impacts70 For the world this means that emissions will need to peak by 2015 and decline by more than half by 2050 to have a chance at preventing the worst impacts of climate change71 For the United States and other developed countries emission reductions must occur more quickly and more steeply with reductions of at least 25 to 40 per-cent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 to 95 percent by 205072

As of 2011 annual US greenhouse gas emissions were still 10 percent above 1990 levels73 The annual emissions from a small group of the nationrsquos dirti-est power plants are greatly hindering our ability to meet the emissions reduction targets necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming Replac-ing these power plants with zero-emission energy sources such as wind and solar power or eliminating the need for the power they produce through en-ergy e$ciency and conservation would reduce US greenhouse gas emissions to 11 percent below 1990 levels even in the absence of other eorts to reduce emissions74

Limiting carbon dioxide pollution from new and ex-isting power plants is one of the most eective ways to reduce US global warming pollution in the short run and for decades to come reducing the risk that

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 19

emissions will reach a level that triggers dangerous irreversible climate change impacts

Adopting federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution from power plants as part of a suite of policies to reduce global warming pollution at all levels of gov-ernment would help the United States achieve 2020 emissions reduction targets ndash even in the absence of a federal economy-wide cap on carbon pollu-tion For example Environment America Research amp Policy Centerrsquos 2011 report The Way Forward on Global Warming demonstrated that with a suite of

local state and federal policies to increase energy e$ciency deploy clean energy technologies and improve public transportation the United States could curb emissions of carbon dioxide from en-ergy use by as much as 35 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 20 percent below 1990 levels by 203075 A nationwide cap on carbon pollution from all sources ndash not just power plants ndash would al-low the United States to make the remaining emis-sions reductions necessary to prevent the worst impacts of global warming

20 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants

The unprecedented threat that global warm-ing poses to our health our safety and our environment demands that the United

States takes urgent action to reduce emissions of global warming pollution However US power plants currently face no federal limits on the amount of carbon dioxide pollution they can emit

Given the enormous share of global warming pollu-tion contributed by US power plants limiting car-bon dioxide emissions from both new and existing power plants must be a key part of any strategy to reduce US global warming emissions Fortunately the rst steps toward setting these standards are already being taken On June 25 2013 President Obama announced his plan to address global warm-ing through executive action using existing statu-tory authority and funds76 The two most important elements of this plan are nalizing carbon emissions standards for new power plants and directing the EPA to quickly propose and implement a limit on existing plants77

The EPA proposed a limit on new power plants in March 2012 Since then the EPA has received more than 32 million public comments supporting limiting carbon pollution from power plants and President Obama has asked the EPA to re-propose a carbon pollution standard for new power plants by September 20 201378

The originally proposed limit restricts global warm-ing pollution for facilities 25 megawatts (MW) or

larger to 1000 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity they produce79 According to the EPA this standard was based on commonly used combined-cycle natural gas power plants ndash a standard that new coal plants are highly unlikely to meet80 Existing coal plants produce an average of 2180 lbs CO2MWh with the worst plants producing more than 3000 lbs CO2MWh81

The EPA has yet to propose a standard for existing power plants a large portion of which are aging coal-red plants However the president has directed the EPA to propose and submit carbon pollution limits for existing plants by June 2014 and to nalize those limits the following year82 (See ldquoThe Long Road to Carbon Pollution Limitsrdquo on page 21)

Some states already limit carbon pollution from pow-er plants California has an economy-wide cap on car-bon dioxide emissions and nine states from Maine to Maryland participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) which caps pollution from power plants in the Northeast Once nalized the EPArsquos carbon pollution limits for all new power plants nationwide would go a long way toward reducing future US global warming pollution However the agency must also move quickly to establish strong federal standards for existing power plants ndash and force the nationrsquos largest sources of carbon pollution to clean up

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 21

e Long Road to Carbon Pollution LimitsThe Obama administrationrsquos recent actions indicating progress toward carbon dioxide pollution from power plants are the culmination of a 14-year campaign to clean up the nationrsquos power plants In 1999 one year after the EPA declined to include carbon dioxide pollution limits in new vehicle emissions standards 19 environmental and public interest groups petitioned the EPA to classify carbon dioxide as an air pollutant subject to the Clean Air Act regulation83 They cited car-bon dioxidersquos contribution to global warming ndash which threatens human health and the environ-ment ndash as rationale for regulation84

In 2003 the EPA released an o$cial statement that it did not believe the Act authorized the EPA to regulate global warming pollution and that even if it did authorize regulating greenhouse gases the EPA objected to doing so on policy grounds85 However the US Supreme Court dis-agreed with the EPA in 2007 ruling with several states and environmental groups that the EPA does indeed have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases and that its policy objections were insu$cient to decline to regulate86 The court also directed the EPA to determine if greenhouse gases contribute to global warming and if so whether global warming endangered public health and welfare87 By the end of 2009 the EPA o$cially determined that emissions of carbon dioxide endanger public health and welfare by contributing to global warming88

In December 2010 the EPA announced its plan to release new performance standards and manda-tory emissions guidelines for all new fossil fuel-red power plants89 The EPA proposed an interim carbon pollution standard for new power plants in April 2012 that is in eect until a rule can be nalized90 This step set the rst-ever national limits on the amount of carbon pollution power plants can emit91

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

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nkPl

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ame

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rato

r Nam

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sion

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illon

M

etri

c to

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of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

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e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

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Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

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re o

f St

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ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

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Plan

t 2

Anch

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e M

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ht a

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rora

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lley

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n In

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ealy

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den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

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206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

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102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

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Pow

er C

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33

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idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

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rtTe

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see

Valle

y Au

thor

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75

AR1

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pend

ence

Ente

rgy

Arka

nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

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rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

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este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

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377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

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nion

Pow

er P

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LP

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AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

Rive

r Pr

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rvill

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ctric

Pow

er C

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holla

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ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

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Salt

Rive

r Pr

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t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

75

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ter

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nerg

y C

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r LL

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er amp

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er1

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Dist

1

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ills

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er L

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Ind

icat

es th

at th

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nt is

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dule

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r ret

irem

ent11

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plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

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tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o7

21

3C

hero

kee

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o4

01

4Pa

wne

ePu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

305

5H

ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

2M

ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

Pow

er C

o L

LC1

54

3Br

idge

port

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

Brid

gepo

rt E

nerg

y L

LC1

08

4Kl

een

Ener

gy S

yste

ms

Proj

ect

Klee

n En

ergy

Sys

tem

s L

LC0

70

5Br

idge

port

Sta

tion

PSEG

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er C

onne

ctic

ut L

LC0

53

DC

1Be

nnin

gPo

tom

ac P

ower

Res

ourc

es0

110

210

06

6

2U

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

nU

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

n0

05

3Bu

zzar

d Po

int

Poto

mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

DE

1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

Pow

er P

ark

JEA

655

GA

1Sc

here

rG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

213

252

176

46

34

2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o14

24

3W

ansle

yG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

719

4H

arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

Rath

drum

Pow

er L

LCRa

thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

003

4Ru

pert

Cog

en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

Ope

ratio

ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

Cle

arw

ater

Pap

er C

orpo

ratio

n0

02

IL1

Bald

win

Ene

rgy

Com

plex

Dyn

egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

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son

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e En

ergy

Indi

ana

Inc

169

558

752

52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

Indi

anap

olis

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o10

05

4R

M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

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01

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ame

Ener

gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

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ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

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nt L

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n C

halk

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nt L

LC3

79

4H

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rt A

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ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

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r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

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sum

ers

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gy C

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16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

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n C

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91

4St

Cla

irD

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ison

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654

5Tr

ento

n C

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ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

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nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

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neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

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as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

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issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

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erat

ing

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lity

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ctaw

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ing

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2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

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er C

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73

4Ba

xter

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y M

ississ

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5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

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issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

Cou

nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

Poi

nt C

ogen

erat

ion

Mar

ch P

oint

Cog

ener

atio

n C

o0

36

4M

int

Farm

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

138

849

369

75

52

2Fi

rstE

nerg

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42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 7: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

6 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

China UnitedStates

All USPowerPlants

India Russia Japan Germany 50 DirtiestUS

PowerPlants

SouthKorea

Canada

Figure ES-2 Carbon Dioxide Pollution Emitted by the 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Compared to Other Countries (MMT CO2)

The 100 most-polluting US power plants produced more than 3 percent of the worldrsquos carbon dioxide emissions from energy use in 2011 while the 500 most-polluting power plants were responsible for about 6 percent

To protect our health our safety and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up polluting power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions from all exist-ing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should work to meet its Sep-tember 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nal-izing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emis-sions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 2015 The standards should be based on the most recent climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reduction targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

Executive Summary 7

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal levels to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors In particular the United States should prioritize es-tablishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash including trans-portation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renewable energy

at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electricity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transportation fuels

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further rider-ship increases through better transit service and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Green-house Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeast-ern state and implementing Californiarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

8 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Introduction

It doesnrsquot take a trip to the Arctic Circle to see evidence of global warming these days The im-pacts of a warming planet are now appearing

on our doorsteps making headlines in the morning paper The United States has seen much more than its usual share of extreme downpours and intense heat waves in recent years and emerging science links the increase in frequency and severity of some of these events to global warming1 New research also shows that a warmer world is likely to exacer-bate the impacts of extreme weather events such as hurricanes oods drought and wildres2 Many extreme weather events of 2012 foreshadow the kind of disruption global warming may cause in the future From the late-season ldquosuperstormrdquo Hurricane Sandy wreaking havoc on the East Coast to early-season wildres destroying thousands of homes in the West to year-round drought conditions parch-ing the largest area of the continental US since 1956 extreme weather events are occurring with increasing frequency and severity3

Since 2007 federally declared weather-related disasters in the United States have aected counties housing 243 million people ndash or nearly four out of ve Americans4 These events have caused billions of dollars in economic damage have harmed our natural environment and have jeopardized the lives of thousands of people Climate science tells us that the impacts of these events will only worsen

for future generations unless we immediately and dramatically reduce the dangerous carbon pollution that is fueling the problem Meeting that challenge can seem overwhelming and itrsquos certainly not going to be easy But the United States and the world can make a major down-payment toward those emission reductions by cleaning up our biggest sources of pollution

In the case of the United States that means power plants As this report will show a small number of dirty power plants make a massive and dispropor-tionate contribution to the nationrsquos global warming emissions Cleaning up our existing power plants ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power plants ndash would make a signicant dier-ence in ghting global warming

For the rst time in history the United States is preparing to take action to clean up these massive sources of carbon pollution In 2012 the Environ-mental Protection Agency (EPA) issued the rst-ever pollution standards for new power plants and this summer President Obama directed the EPA to estab-lish a standard for existing power plants by 20155

By nalizing strong carbon pollution standards for new and existing power plants the US will seize one of its best available opportunities to signicantly re-duce carbon pollution ndash helping to forestall the worst impacts of global warming for future generations

Introduction 9

Photo Keith Syvinski

By nalizing strong carbon pollution standards for new and existing power plants the US will seize one of its best available opportunities to signicantly reduce carbon pollution ndash helping to forestall the worst impacts of global warming for future generations

Indiana Michigan Power Companyrsquos coal-fired Rockport power plant in Spencer County Indiana is the 11th largest emitter of carbon dioxide pollution in the US power sector It produces global warming pollution equivalent to that produced by 32 million passenger vehicles in a year See Table A-2 in Appendix

10 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon dioxide is the leading greenhouse gas driving global warming and power plants are the largest source of carbon dioxide

pollution in the United States6 Burning fossil fuels for electricity generation produced about 41 percent of total US carbon dioxide emissions in 20117 A disproportionate share of these power-sector carbon dioxide emissions come from a small subset of the nationrsquos dirtiest power plants particularly coal-red power plants However despite their enormous contribution to global warming US power plants currently face no federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution Cleaning up these dirty power plants with strong nationwide pollution standards is one of the most important steps the US can take to curb global warming pollution

e 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute a Massive and Disproportionate Share of Carbon Dioxide EmissionsThere are nearly 6000 electricity generating facilities in the United States but most of the global warming pollution emitted by the US power sector comes from a handful of exceptionally dirty power plants8 These dirty power plants also produce a dispropor-tionately large amount of the nationrsquos total global warming pollution For example just one of these

dirty power plants Georgia Powerrsquos Plant Scherer produces more global warming pollution each year than all the energy-related emissions of Maine9

In 2011 the 50 dirtiest US power plants were responsible for 30 percent of all US power-sector emissions of carbon dioxide 12 percent of total US energy-related emissions and 2 percent of worldwide energy-related emissions10 (See Figure 1) If the 50 dirtiest power plants were an independent nation they would be the seventh-largest emitter of carbon dioxide pollution in the world behind Germany and ahead of South Korea11 (See Figure 2) Their emissions in 2011 were greater than half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States in 201012 (See Table 1 for additional comparisons)

The 100 dirtiest plants were responsible for about half of total carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector in 2011 and more than 3 percent of total worldwide emissions from energy use13

The 500 dirtiest power plants were responsible for around 90 percent of total carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector and about 6 percent of total worldwide emissions from energy use14

e Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 11

Figure 1 The 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute Significantly to US Carbon Dioxide Emissions

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

China UnitedStates

All USPowerPlants

India Russia Japan Germany 50 DirtiestUS

PowerPlants

SouthKorea

Canada

Figure 2 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Pollution Emitted by the 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Compared to CO2

Pollution in Other Countries (MMT)

12 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

e Dirtiest Power Plants Are Old and InecientCoal-red power plants are among the biggest sources of carbon dioxide pollution in the electric power sector24 In fact 98 of the nationrsquos 100 most-polluting power plants in terms of total carbon di-oxide emissions are coal plants among the top 500 317 (63 percent) are coal plants25 The remainder are older oil and gas-red power plants (See Table A-2 in Appendix)

Most of the nationrsquos coal plants are old and inef-cient About 74 percent of US coal plants were at least 30 years old at the end of 2012 and about half were 40 to 60 years old according to the Energy

Table 1 Emissions Equivalencies for the Nationrsquos Top Emitters of Global Warming Pollution15

Total 2011 Emissions

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon

Dioxide)

Percent of Total US Carbon

Dioxide Emissions

Percent of Global Carbon

Dioxide Emissions from

Energy UseThese Plants Produce Carbon Dioxide

Greater Than or Equivalent Tohellip

Top Polluting Plant (Scherer

Power Plant GA)

21 04 01

The total energy-related emissions of Maine16

The pollution produced by electricity use in all New England homes in a year17

Top 10 Polluting

Power Plants 179 34 05

The pollution emitted by all the passen-ger vehicles in New York and California18

The total energy-related emissions of Venezuela19

Top 50 Polluting

Power Plants656 124 20

Half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States20

The total energy-related emission of Texas21

Top 100 Polluting

Power Plants1052 199 32

The emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States22

The pollution produced by electricity use in all US homes in a year23

Information Administration (EIA)26 Coal plants are not designed to last much longer than 30 years but coal companies routinely renovate these plants to extend their lifetimes27 Still many of these plants are ine$cient to operate so power providers run them at only a fraction of their full capacity or for shorter periods of time which results in a lower ldquocapacity factorrdquo (the ratio of a power plantrsquos actual output compared to its full capacity) for the oldest and dirtiest plants In 2009 the average capacity factor for the whole US coal eet was 64 percent with about 40 percent reporting capacity factors below 30 percent28

Although many coal plants today are underutilized because of their age and ine$ciency they remain

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 13

among the worst contributors to global warming pollution For example coal-red power plants were responsible for nearly 80 percent of the global warming pollution produced by electric power plants in 2011 even though they pro-duced only 42 percent of the nationrsquos electricity29 The 50 dirtiest plants produced 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions but only 16 percent of electricity nationwide in 201130 In some states this imbalance is even more ex-treme (See Figure 3)

Figure 3 Share of Statewide Power-Sector Emissions vs Share of Electricity Generation for Top 5 Emitters in 20 States31

81

82

83

85

88

88

89

89

90

91

92

93

93

94

96

96

97

99

99

100

22

11

40

46

35

60

44

46

78

69

8

65

50

23

52

48

3

53

49

46

0 20 40 60 80 100

AZMETN

MNWA

KSWYORUTID

AKNDNE

NMMTVTNH

RIDESD

Top 5 Shareof TotalElectricityGeneration(2011)

Top 5 Shareof TotalPower-SectorEmissions(2011)

In some states emissions from a handful of the dirtiest power plants can exceed emissions from the rest of the economy including the industrial and transportation sectors For example in ve states ndash Wyoming Montana North Dakota West Virginia and New Mexico ndash the ve dirtiest power plants are responsible for about half of total state-wide energy-related emissions and in 31 states these top polluters are responsible for at least one-quarter of statewide energy-related emis-sions (See Table 2 and Table A-3 in the Appendix)

14 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table 2 Emissions of Top 5 Polluting Plants as a Share of Power-Sector and Statewide Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions in 50 States 201132

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Wyoming 381 89 59Montana 161 96 55

North Dakota 271 93 52West Virginia 493 69 52New Mexico 291 94 50

Utah 306 90 49Arizona 430 81 46

Nebraska 247 93 45Arkansas 320 92 45

Kansas 308 88 41Alabama 481 63 36Delaware 39 99 36

North Carolina 430 71 36Missouri 501 62 35Georgia 521 76 34

Iowa 297 75 34Kentucky 504 54 34

South Carolina 263 70 34Tennessee 344 83 34Oklahoma 350 69 32

Hawaii 56 77 31New Hampshire 49 97 31

Wisconsin 291 67 29Maryland 186 80 28

Nevada 93 64 28Colorado 262 67 28

Rhode Island 35 99 28Michigan 428 64 27

Indiana 587 52 27Minnesota 263 85 27Mississippi 141 61 25

Ohio 547 50 24South Dakota 29 100 23Pennsylvania 557 48 22

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 15

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Oregon 59 89 22Illinois 440 46 19

Virginia 168 60 19Florida 417 37 18

Massachusetts 105 66 16Connecticut 59 75 16Washington 67 88 15

Louisiana 350 61 12Maine 28 82 11Texas 746 30 10

New Jersey 99 64 10New York 110 32 7

Alaska 28 75 6Idaho 04 91 4

California 75 19 2Vermont 00 96 0

Despite the large contribution of fossil fuel-red power plants to US global warming emissions neither these highly polluting plants nor proposed new power plants face any federal regulations limit-ing emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse

gases As a result these power plants have emitted carbon dioxide pollution unchecked for decades and there is no guarantee that new power plants will be built in ways that minimize their contribution to global warming

Table 2 (continued)

16 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming

Global warming threatens our health our safety and our environment Rising global average temperatures and other climate

impacts have already resulted in extreme precipita-tion events and heat waves in the United States and climate science tells us that global warming will likely lead to further changes in weather extremes34 Extreme weather events such as Hurricane Sandy extended droughts heat waves and oods caused by heavy precipitation are likely to become more common in a warming world35 At the same time global warming-induced sea-level rise changes in summer and winter precipitation patterns and eco-system changes could reduce the ability of natural and man-made systems to withstand even normal weather events

To avoid the worst impacts of global warming worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants will have to peak roughly three years from now and then decline quickly and dramatically ndash dropping by more than 50 percent by 205036 In the United States addressing this chal-lenge means cleaning up our biggest sources of global warming pollution ndash especially dirty power plants which are responsible for more than 40 per-cent of our emissions of carbon dioxide each year37

A handful of exceptionally dirty power plants are the worst contributors to this problem By focusing on cleaning up power plants ndash our countryrsquos largest single source of carbon pollution ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power

plants in the United States America can make a meaningful dierence in preventing the worst im-pacts of global warming

e US must act now to prevent the worst impacts of global warmingIn 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ndash the worldrsquos foremost scientic authority on the subject ndash concluded that ldquowarm-ing of the climate system is unequivocalrdquo and that ldquo[m]ost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropo-genic [greenhouse gas] concentrationsrdquo38 In 2013 in a draft of its upcoming Fifth Assessment Report on climate change the IPCC strengthened this asser-tion citing ldquonear certaintyrdquo that global warming is human-caused and suggesting that seas could rise by as much as three feet by the end of the century if greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated39

Clear signs of global warming have already begun to emerge

Global average sea and air temperatures in 2010 were tied for the hottest on record according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-istration (NOAA)40 2001 to 2010 was the hottest decade on record with average temperatures estimated to be 083˚F hotter than the 1961-1990 norm41 2010 was also the wettest year on record based on global average precipitation42

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 17

Oceans have absorbed 80 percent of the extra heat in the climate system causing ocean water to expand43 Coupled with melting glaciers this has caused sea levels to rise by about eight inches ndash with the rate of increase accelerating44

Hurricanes have become more intense and the frequency of extreme rain and snowstorms has increased45

At the same time droughts in many parts of the world have become longer and more severe especially in the tropics and subtropics46

In the United States warmer average annual temperatures are connected to increases in extreme precipitation and more intense heat waves Furthermore the US has experienced an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events including oods prolonged drought more intense wildres and stronger tropi-cal storms and hurricanes47

The more global warming pollution that humanity emits the more serious the consequences And the changes will be largely irreversible for a thousand years after emissions stop48

On our current emissions path humanity risks in-creasing the average global temperature by 4degC (72degF) or more (above the pre-industrial era) by the end of this century even if current emission reduc-tion commitments and pledges are met according to a 2012 report by the World Bank49 Warming on this scale would have catastrophic consequences includ-ing

Sea level rise of as much as 3 feet in the next century causing extensive coastal inundation and increasing the risk of storm surge ooding in major coastal cities50 By 2300 global mean sea levels could rise as high as 13 feet above present-day levels51

A 150 percent increase in ocean acidity above pre-industrial levels resulting in wide-ranging negative impacts on marine species and ecosys-tems with particularly severe damage to coral reefs and sheries52

An increase of 20-30 percent in the amount of precipitation falling during heavy rainstorms increasing the risk of major ooding events in many parts of the world53

Increasing aridity drought and extreme tempera-tures in Africa southern Europe and the Middle East and most of the Americas Australia and Southeast Asia54

Global Warming Endangers Public HealthHotter temperatures bring about numerous threats to public health High temperatures combine with sunlight nitrogen oxides and volatile organic com-pounds to create ozone ldquosmogrdquo which damages the respiratory system reduces lung function and aggravates asthma and other respiratory diseases55 The Union of Concerned Scientists estimates that by 2020 students in the United States could experience more than 900000 additional missed school days and seniors and infants could experience more than 5000 additional hospitalizations due to increases of ozone smog exposure that result from the higher temperatures caused by global warming56 Higher temperatures will also allow pollen allergens such as ragweed to proliferate causing those who suf-fer from seasonal allergies to experience worsening symptoms such as hay fever and asthma57

Global warming can also be expected to increase the number of deaths caused by heat stress58 Exces-sive heat events happen when high temperatures combine with other weather conditions ndash such as dew point temperature cloud cover wind speed and surface atmospheric pressure throughout the day ndash

18 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

and contribute to heat-related deaths in a particular location59 According to a 2012 study by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) excessive heat events caused by global warming could kill up to 150000 people in Americarsquos 40 largest cities by the end of the century60

Higher temperatures may also change the patterns of occurrence of various infectious diseases A 2009 study for example found a correlation between warmer temperatures and increased reports of infec-tion by West Nile Virus61 Global warming may also increase the risk of more frequent and more wide-spread outbreaks of waterborne illnesses by allow-ing warm-water pathogens to expand into cooler climates or by exposing more urban water bodies to sewage contamination after ooding caused by major precipitation events according to NRDC62

Increases in droughts and ooding caused by global warming can also reduce water available for drinking or for irrigation they can also harm crops directly diminishing food variety nutritional content and availability all of which can contribute to malnutri-tion and the spread of disease63 Finally sea-level rise and disasters such as strong storms and oods can damage urban infrastructure and displace existing communities64

Global warming pollutants are not the only emis-sions from power plants that harm human health For example in 2010 two-thirds of all airborne mercury pollution in the United States came from the smokestacks of coal-red power plants65 Mercury is a potent neurotoxicant and exposure to mercury during critical periods of brain development can contribute to irreversible decits in verbal skills dam-age to attention and motor control and reduced IQ66 Coal- and natural gas-red power plants also emit nitrogen oxides (NOX) which exacerbate ozone smog pollution as well as other pollutants that contrib-ute to particulate matter and acid rain Like smog particulate matter pollution contributes to a host of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments67 Sulfur

dioxide too is a respiratory irritant for sensitive populations68 In addition it is a major component of acid rain that has damaged forests across the eastern United States69

Cleaning Up US Power Plants Would Cut Carbon Pollution at a Global ScaleHumanity as a whole must limit emissions to no more than 1 trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide from 2000 through 2050 in order to have a 75 percent chance of limiting the global temperature increase to 36deg F (2deg C) above the pre-industrial era ndash a target the international community has set to limit the most severe global warming impacts70 For the world this means that emissions will need to peak by 2015 and decline by more than half by 2050 to have a chance at preventing the worst impacts of climate change71 For the United States and other developed countries emission reductions must occur more quickly and more steeply with reductions of at least 25 to 40 per-cent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 to 95 percent by 205072

As of 2011 annual US greenhouse gas emissions were still 10 percent above 1990 levels73 The annual emissions from a small group of the nationrsquos dirti-est power plants are greatly hindering our ability to meet the emissions reduction targets necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming Replac-ing these power plants with zero-emission energy sources such as wind and solar power or eliminating the need for the power they produce through en-ergy e$ciency and conservation would reduce US greenhouse gas emissions to 11 percent below 1990 levels even in the absence of other eorts to reduce emissions74

Limiting carbon dioxide pollution from new and ex-isting power plants is one of the most eective ways to reduce US global warming pollution in the short run and for decades to come reducing the risk that

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 19

emissions will reach a level that triggers dangerous irreversible climate change impacts

Adopting federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution from power plants as part of a suite of policies to reduce global warming pollution at all levels of gov-ernment would help the United States achieve 2020 emissions reduction targets ndash even in the absence of a federal economy-wide cap on carbon pollu-tion For example Environment America Research amp Policy Centerrsquos 2011 report The Way Forward on Global Warming demonstrated that with a suite of

local state and federal policies to increase energy e$ciency deploy clean energy technologies and improve public transportation the United States could curb emissions of carbon dioxide from en-ergy use by as much as 35 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 20 percent below 1990 levels by 203075 A nationwide cap on carbon pollution from all sources ndash not just power plants ndash would al-low the United States to make the remaining emis-sions reductions necessary to prevent the worst impacts of global warming

20 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants

The unprecedented threat that global warm-ing poses to our health our safety and our environment demands that the United

States takes urgent action to reduce emissions of global warming pollution However US power plants currently face no federal limits on the amount of carbon dioxide pollution they can emit

Given the enormous share of global warming pollu-tion contributed by US power plants limiting car-bon dioxide emissions from both new and existing power plants must be a key part of any strategy to reduce US global warming emissions Fortunately the rst steps toward setting these standards are already being taken On June 25 2013 President Obama announced his plan to address global warm-ing through executive action using existing statu-tory authority and funds76 The two most important elements of this plan are nalizing carbon emissions standards for new power plants and directing the EPA to quickly propose and implement a limit on existing plants77

The EPA proposed a limit on new power plants in March 2012 Since then the EPA has received more than 32 million public comments supporting limiting carbon pollution from power plants and President Obama has asked the EPA to re-propose a carbon pollution standard for new power plants by September 20 201378

The originally proposed limit restricts global warm-ing pollution for facilities 25 megawatts (MW) or

larger to 1000 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity they produce79 According to the EPA this standard was based on commonly used combined-cycle natural gas power plants ndash a standard that new coal plants are highly unlikely to meet80 Existing coal plants produce an average of 2180 lbs CO2MWh with the worst plants producing more than 3000 lbs CO2MWh81

The EPA has yet to propose a standard for existing power plants a large portion of which are aging coal-red plants However the president has directed the EPA to propose and submit carbon pollution limits for existing plants by June 2014 and to nalize those limits the following year82 (See ldquoThe Long Road to Carbon Pollution Limitsrdquo on page 21)

Some states already limit carbon pollution from pow-er plants California has an economy-wide cap on car-bon dioxide emissions and nine states from Maine to Maryland participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) which caps pollution from power plants in the Northeast Once nalized the EPArsquos carbon pollution limits for all new power plants nationwide would go a long way toward reducing future US global warming pollution However the agency must also move quickly to establish strong federal standards for existing power plants ndash and force the nationrsquos largest sources of carbon pollution to clean up

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 21

e Long Road to Carbon Pollution LimitsThe Obama administrationrsquos recent actions indicating progress toward carbon dioxide pollution from power plants are the culmination of a 14-year campaign to clean up the nationrsquos power plants In 1999 one year after the EPA declined to include carbon dioxide pollution limits in new vehicle emissions standards 19 environmental and public interest groups petitioned the EPA to classify carbon dioxide as an air pollutant subject to the Clean Air Act regulation83 They cited car-bon dioxidersquos contribution to global warming ndash which threatens human health and the environ-ment ndash as rationale for regulation84

In 2003 the EPA released an o$cial statement that it did not believe the Act authorized the EPA to regulate global warming pollution and that even if it did authorize regulating greenhouse gases the EPA objected to doing so on policy grounds85 However the US Supreme Court dis-agreed with the EPA in 2007 ruling with several states and environmental groups that the EPA does indeed have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases and that its policy objections were insu$cient to decline to regulate86 The court also directed the EPA to determine if greenhouse gases contribute to global warming and if so whether global warming endangered public health and welfare87 By the end of 2009 the EPA o$cially determined that emissions of carbon dioxide endanger public health and welfare by contributing to global warming88

In December 2010 the EPA announced its plan to release new performance standards and manda-tory emissions guidelines for all new fossil fuel-red power plants89 The EPA proposed an interim carbon pollution standard for new power plants in April 2012 that is in eect until a rule can be nalized90 This step set the rst-ever national limits on the amount of carbon pollution power plants can emit91

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

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l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

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orag

e M

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ipal

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ht a

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naAu

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n In

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206

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nAl

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y Au

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ity5

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pend

ence

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6

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c10

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um P

oint

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rgy

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ion

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Poi

nt E

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ates

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int

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rn E

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ount

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to M

unic

ipal

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Dist

1

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Ind

icat

es th

at th

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pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

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irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

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ns fo

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5 a

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hare

of P

ower

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tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

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r as a

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re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

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nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

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sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

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re o

f St

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ide

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l (20

10)

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ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

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1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

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oman

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ject

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ourc

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36

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dian

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nIn

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tions

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157

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ge M

oor

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pine

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-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

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LLC

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ntD

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are

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Refi

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pany

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r D

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ida

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102

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rFl

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a Po

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515

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tes

Geo

rgia

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er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

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re o

f Sta

tew

ide

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l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

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wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

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wer

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tor

as a

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re o

f St

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ide

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l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

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Amer

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116

729

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orth

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Amer

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576

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432

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e En

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ntuc

ky E

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ric C

orp

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Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

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tor T

otal

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1) b

y Em

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r as a

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re o

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10) U

S E

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oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

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rato

r Nam

e

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sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

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wer

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as a

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re o

f St

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ide

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l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

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Cyg

neKa

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City

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369

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orp

276

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Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

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Appendices 41

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42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 8: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

Executive Summary 7

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal levels to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors In particular the United States should prioritize es-tablishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash including trans-portation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renewable energy

at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electricity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transportation fuels

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further rider-ship increases through better transit service and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Green-house Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeast-ern state and implementing Californiarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

8 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Introduction

It doesnrsquot take a trip to the Arctic Circle to see evidence of global warming these days The im-pacts of a warming planet are now appearing

on our doorsteps making headlines in the morning paper The United States has seen much more than its usual share of extreme downpours and intense heat waves in recent years and emerging science links the increase in frequency and severity of some of these events to global warming1 New research also shows that a warmer world is likely to exacer-bate the impacts of extreme weather events such as hurricanes oods drought and wildres2 Many extreme weather events of 2012 foreshadow the kind of disruption global warming may cause in the future From the late-season ldquosuperstormrdquo Hurricane Sandy wreaking havoc on the East Coast to early-season wildres destroying thousands of homes in the West to year-round drought conditions parch-ing the largest area of the continental US since 1956 extreme weather events are occurring with increasing frequency and severity3

Since 2007 federally declared weather-related disasters in the United States have aected counties housing 243 million people ndash or nearly four out of ve Americans4 These events have caused billions of dollars in economic damage have harmed our natural environment and have jeopardized the lives of thousands of people Climate science tells us that the impacts of these events will only worsen

for future generations unless we immediately and dramatically reduce the dangerous carbon pollution that is fueling the problem Meeting that challenge can seem overwhelming and itrsquos certainly not going to be easy But the United States and the world can make a major down-payment toward those emission reductions by cleaning up our biggest sources of pollution

In the case of the United States that means power plants As this report will show a small number of dirty power plants make a massive and dispropor-tionate contribution to the nationrsquos global warming emissions Cleaning up our existing power plants ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power plants ndash would make a signicant dier-ence in ghting global warming

For the rst time in history the United States is preparing to take action to clean up these massive sources of carbon pollution In 2012 the Environ-mental Protection Agency (EPA) issued the rst-ever pollution standards for new power plants and this summer President Obama directed the EPA to estab-lish a standard for existing power plants by 20155

By nalizing strong carbon pollution standards for new and existing power plants the US will seize one of its best available opportunities to signicantly re-duce carbon pollution ndash helping to forestall the worst impacts of global warming for future generations

Introduction 9

Photo Keith Syvinski

By nalizing strong carbon pollution standards for new and existing power plants the US will seize one of its best available opportunities to signicantly reduce carbon pollution ndash helping to forestall the worst impacts of global warming for future generations

Indiana Michigan Power Companyrsquos coal-fired Rockport power plant in Spencer County Indiana is the 11th largest emitter of carbon dioxide pollution in the US power sector It produces global warming pollution equivalent to that produced by 32 million passenger vehicles in a year See Table A-2 in Appendix

10 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon dioxide is the leading greenhouse gas driving global warming and power plants are the largest source of carbon dioxide

pollution in the United States6 Burning fossil fuels for electricity generation produced about 41 percent of total US carbon dioxide emissions in 20117 A disproportionate share of these power-sector carbon dioxide emissions come from a small subset of the nationrsquos dirtiest power plants particularly coal-red power plants However despite their enormous contribution to global warming US power plants currently face no federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution Cleaning up these dirty power plants with strong nationwide pollution standards is one of the most important steps the US can take to curb global warming pollution

e 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute a Massive and Disproportionate Share of Carbon Dioxide EmissionsThere are nearly 6000 electricity generating facilities in the United States but most of the global warming pollution emitted by the US power sector comes from a handful of exceptionally dirty power plants8 These dirty power plants also produce a dispropor-tionately large amount of the nationrsquos total global warming pollution For example just one of these

dirty power plants Georgia Powerrsquos Plant Scherer produces more global warming pollution each year than all the energy-related emissions of Maine9

In 2011 the 50 dirtiest US power plants were responsible for 30 percent of all US power-sector emissions of carbon dioxide 12 percent of total US energy-related emissions and 2 percent of worldwide energy-related emissions10 (See Figure 1) If the 50 dirtiest power plants were an independent nation they would be the seventh-largest emitter of carbon dioxide pollution in the world behind Germany and ahead of South Korea11 (See Figure 2) Their emissions in 2011 were greater than half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States in 201012 (See Table 1 for additional comparisons)

The 100 dirtiest plants were responsible for about half of total carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector in 2011 and more than 3 percent of total worldwide emissions from energy use13

The 500 dirtiest power plants were responsible for around 90 percent of total carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector and about 6 percent of total worldwide emissions from energy use14

e Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 11

Figure 1 The 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute Significantly to US Carbon Dioxide Emissions

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

China UnitedStates

All USPowerPlants

India Russia Japan Germany 50 DirtiestUS

PowerPlants

SouthKorea

Canada

Figure 2 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Pollution Emitted by the 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Compared to CO2

Pollution in Other Countries (MMT)

12 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

e Dirtiest Power Plants Are Old and InecientCoal-red power plants are among the biggest sources of carbon dioxide pollution in the electric power sector24 In fact 98 of the nationrsquos 100 most-polluting power plants in terms of total carbon di-oxide emissions are coal plants among the top 500 317 (63 percent) are coal plants25 The remainder are older oil and gas-red power plants (See Table A-2 in Appendix)

Most of the nationrsquos coal plants are old and inef-cient About 74 percent of US coal plants were at least 30 years old at the end of 2012 and about half were 40 to 60 years old according to the Energy

Table 1 Emissions Equivalencies for the Nationrsquos Top Emitters of Global Warming Pollution15

Total 2011 Emissions

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon

Dioxide)

Percent of Total US Carbon

Dioxide Emissions

Percent of Global Carbon

Dioxide Emissions from

Energy UseThese Plants Produce Carbon Dioxide

Greater Than or Equivalent Tohellip

Top Polluting Plant (Scherer

Power Plant GA)

21 04 01

The total energy-related emissions of Maine16

The pollution produced by electricity use in all New England homes in a year17

Top 10 Polluting

Power Plants 179 34 05

The pollution emitted by all the passen-ger vehicles in New York and California18

The total energy-related emissions of Venezuela19

Top 50 Polluting

Power Plants656 124 20

Half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States20

The total energy-related emission of Texas21

Top 100 Polluting

Power Plants1052 199 32

The emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States22

The pollution produced by electricity use in all US homes in a year23

Information Administration (EIA)26 Coal plants are not designed to last much longer than 30 years but coal companies routinely renovate these plants to extend their lifetimes27 Still many of these plants are ine$cient to operate so power providers run them at only a fraction of their full capacity or for shorter periods of time which results in a lower ldquocapacity factorrdquo (the ratio of a power plantrsquos actual output compared to its full capacity) for the oldest and dirtiest plants In 2009 the average capacity factor for the whole US coal eet was 64 percent with about 40 percent reporting capacity factors below 30 percent28

Although many coal plants today are underutilized because of their age and ine$ciency they remain

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 13

among the worst contributors to global warming pollution For example coal-red power plants were responsible for nearly 80 percent of the global warming pollution produced by electric power plants in 2011 even though they pro-duced only 42 percent of the nationrsquos electricity29 The 50 dirtiest plants produced 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions but only 16 percent of electricity nationwide in 201130 In some states this imbalance is even more ex-treme (See Figure 3)

Figure 3 Share of Statewide Power-Sector Emissions vs Share of Electricity Generation for Top 5 Emitters in 20 States31

81

82

83

85

88

88

89

89

90

91

92

93

93

94

96

96

97

99

99

100

22

11

40

46

35

60

44

46

78

69

8

65

50

23

52

48

3

53

49

46

0 20 40 60 80 100

AZMETN

MNWA

KSWYORUTID

AKNDNE

NMMTVTNH

RIDESD

Top 5 Shareof TotalElectricityGeneration(2011)

Top 5 Shareof TotalPower-SectorEmissions(2011)

In some states emissions from a handful of the dirtiest power plants can exceed emissions from the rest of the economy including the industrial and transportation sectors For example in ve states ndash Wyoming Montana North Dakota West Virginia and New Mexico ndash the ve dirtiest power plants are responsible for about half of total state-wide energy-related emissions and in 31 states these top polluters are responsible for at least one-quarter of statewide energy-related emis-sions (See Table 2 and Table A-3 in the Appendix)

14 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table 2 Emissions of Top 5 Polluting Plants as a Share of Power-Sector and Statewide Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions in 50 States 201132

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Wyoming 381 89 59Montana 161 96 55

North Dakota 271 93 52West Virginia 493 69 52New Mexico 291 94 50

Utah 306 90 49Arizona 430 81 46

Nebraska 247 93 45Arkansas 320 92 45

Kansas 308 88 41Alabama 481 63 36Delaware 39 99 36

North Carolina 430 71 36Missouri 501 62 35Georgia 521 76 34

Iowa 297 75 34Kentucky 504 54 34

South Carolina 263 70 34Tennessee 344 83 34Oklahoma 350 69 32

Hawaii 56 77 31New Hampshire 49 97 31

Wisconsin 291 67 29Maryland 186 80 28

Nevada 93 64 28Colorado 262 67 28

Rhode Island 35 99 28Michigan 428 64 27

Indiana 587 52 27Minnesota 263 85 27Mississippi 141 61 25

Ohio 547 50 24South Dakota 29 100 23Pennsylvania 557 48 22

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 15

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Oregon 59 89 22Illinois 440 46 19

Virginia 168 60 19Florida 417 37 18

Massachusetts 105 66 16Connecticut 59 75 16Washington 67 88 15

Louisiana 350 61 12Maine 28 82 11Texas 746 30 10

New Jersey 99 64 10New York 110 32 7

Alaska 28 75 6Idaho 04 91 4

California 75 19 2Vermont 00 96 0

Despite the large contribution of fossil fuel-red power plants to US global warming emissions neither these highly polluting plants nor proposed new power plants face any federal regulations limit-ing emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse

gases As a result these power plants have emitted carbon dioxide pollution unchecked for decades and there is no guarantee that new power plants will be built in ways that minimize their contribution to global warming

Table 2 (continued)

16 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming

Global warming threatens our health our safety and our environment Rising global average temperatures and other climate

impacts have already resulted in extreme precipita-tion events and heat waves in the United States and climate science tells us that global warming will likely lead to further changes in weather extremes34 Extreme weather events such as Hurricane Sandy extended droughts heat waves and oods caused by heavy precipitation are likely to become more common in a warming world35 At the same time global warming-induced sea-level rise changes in summer and winter precipitation patterns and eco-system changes could reduce the ability of natural and man-made systems to withstand even normal weather events

To avoid the worst impacts of global warming worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants will have to peak roughly three years from now and then decline quickly and dramatically ndash dropping by more than 50 percent by 205036 In the United States addressing this chal-lenge means cleaning up our biggest sources of global warming pollution ndash especially dirty power plants which are responsible for more than 40 per-cent of our emissions of carbon dioxide each year37

A handful of exceptionally dirty power plants are the worst contributors to this problem By focusing on cleaning up power plants ndash our countryrsquos largest single source of carbon pollution ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power

plants in the United States America can make a meaningful dierence in preventing the worst im-pacts of global warming

e US must act now to prevent the worst impacts of global warmingIn 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ndash the worldrsquos foremost scientic authority on the subject ndash concluded that ldquowarm-ing of the climate system is unequivocalrdquo and that ldquo[m]ost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropo-genic [greenhouse gas] concentrationsrdquo38 In 2013 in a draft of its upcoming Fifth Assessment Report on climate change the IPCC strengthened this asser-tion citing ldquonear certaintyrdquo that global warming is human-caused and suggesting that seas could rise by as much as three feet by the end of the century if greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated39

Clear signs of global warming have already begun to emerge

Global average sea and air temperatures in 2010 were tied for the hottest on record according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-istration (NOAA)40 2001 to 2010 was the hottest decade on record with average temperatures estimated to be 083˚F hotter than the 1961-1990 norm41 2010 was also the wettest year on record based on global average precipitation42

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 17

Oceans have absorbed 80 percent of the extra heat in the climate system causing ocean water to expand43 Coupled with melting glaciers this has caused sea levels to rise by about eight inches ndash with the rate of increase accelerating44

Hurricanes have become more intense and the frequency of extreme rain and snowstorms has increased45

At the same time droughts in many parts of the world have become longer and more severe especially in the tropics and subtropics46

In the United States warmer average annual temperatures are connected to increases in extreme precipitation and more intense heat waves Furthermore the US has experienced an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events including oods prolonged drought more intense wildres and stronger tropi-cal storms and hurricanes47

The more global warming pollution that humanity emits the more serious the consequences And the changes will be largely irreversible for a thousand years after emissions stop48

On our current emissions path humanity risks in-creasing the average global temperature by 4degC (72degF) or more (above the pre-industrial era) by the end of this century even if current emission reduc-tion commitments and pledges are met according to a 2012 report by the World Bank49 Warming on this scale would have catastrophic consequences includ-ing

Sea level rise of as much as 3 feet in the next century causing extensive coastal inundation and increasing the risk of storm surge ooding in major coastal cities50 By 2300 global mean sea levels could rise as high as 13 feet above present-day levels51

A 150 percent increase in ocean acidity above pre-industrial levels resulting in wide-ranging negative impacts on marine species and ecosys-tems with particularly severe damage to coral reefs and sheries52

An increase of 20-30 percent in the amount of precipitation falling during heavy rainstorms increasing the risk of major ooding events in many parts of the world53

Increasing aridity drought and extreme tempera-tures in Africa southern Europe and the Middle East and most of the Americas Australia and Southeast Asia54

Global Warming Endangers Public HealthHotter temperatures bring about numerous threats to public health High temperatures combine with sunlight nitrogen oxides and volatile organic com-pounds to create ozone ldquosmogrdquo which damages the respiratory system reduces lung function and aggravates asthma and other respiratory diseases55 The Union of Concerned Scientists estimates that by 2020 students in the United States could experience more than 900000 additional missed school days and seniors and infants could experience more than 5000 additional hospitalizations due to increases of ozone smog exposure that result from the higher temperatures caused by global warming56 Higher temperatures will also allow pollen allergens such as ragweed to proliferate causing those who suf-fer from seasonal allergies to experience worsening symptoms such as hay fever and asthma57

Global warming can also be expected to increase the number of deaths caused by heat stress58 Exces-sive heat events happen when high temperatures combine with other weather conditions ndash such as dew point temperature cloud cover wind speed and surface atmospheric pressure throughout the day ndash

18 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

and contribute to heat-related deaths in a particular location59 According to a 2012 study by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) excessive heat events caused by global warming could kill up to 150000 people in Americarsquos 40 largest cities by the end of the century60

Higher temperatures may also change the patterns of occurrence of various infectious diseases A 2009 study for example found a correlation between warmer temperatures and increased reports of infec-tion by West Nile Virus61 Global warming may also increase the risk of more frequent and more wide-spread outbreaks of waterborne illnesses by allow-ing warm-water pathogens to expand into cooler climates or by exposing more urban water bodies to sewage contamination after ooding caused by major precipitation events according to NRDC62

Increases in droughts and ooding caused by global warming can also reduce water available for drinking or for irrigation they can also harm crops directly diminishing food variety nutritional content and availability all of which can contribute to malnutri-tion and the spread of disease63 Finally sea-level rise and disasters such as strong storms and oods can damage urban infrastructure and displace existing communities64

Global warming pollutants are not the only emis-sions from power plants that harm human health For example in 2010 two-thirds of all airborne mercury pollution in the United States came from the smokestacks of coal-red power plants65 Mercury is a potent neurotoxicant and exposure to mercury during critical periods of brain development can contribute to irreversible decits in verbal skills dam-age to attention and motor control and reduced IQ66 Coal- and natural gas-red power plants also emit nitrogen oxides (NOX) which exacerbate ozone smog pollution as well as other pollutants that contrib-ute to particulate matter and acid rain Like smog particulate matter pollution contributes to a host of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments67 Sulfur

dioxide too is a respiratory irritant for sensitive populations68 In addition it is a major component of acid rain that has damaged forests across the eastern United States69

Cleaning Up US Power Plants Would Cut Carbon Pollution at a Global ScaleHumanity as a whole must limit emissions to no more than 1 trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide from 2000 through 2050 in order to have a 75 percent chance of limiting the global temperature increase to 36deg F (2deg C) above the pre-industrial era ndash a target the international community has set to limit the most severe global warming impacts70 For the world this means that emissions will need to peak by 2015 and decline by more than half by 2050 to have a chance at preventing the worst impacts of climate change71 For the United States and other developed countries emission reductions must occur more quickly and more steeply with reductions of at least 25 to 40 per-cent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 to 95 percent by 205072

As of 2011 annual US greenhouse gas emissions were still 10 percent above 1990 levels73 The annual emissions from a small group of the nationrsquos dirti-est power plants are greatly hindering our ability to meet the emissions reduction targets necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming Replac-ing these power plants with zero-emission energy sources such as wind and solar power or eliminating the need for the power they produce through en-ergy e$ciency and conservation would reduce US greenhouse gas emissions to 11 percent below 1990 levels even in the absence of other eorts to reduce emissions74

Limiting carbon dioxide pollution from new and ex-isting power plants is one of the most eective ways to reduce US global warming pollution in the short run and for decades to come reducing the risk that

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 19

emissions will reach a level that triggers dangerous irreversible climate change impacts

Adopting federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution from power plants as part of a suite of policies to reduce global warming pollution at all levels of gov-ernment would help the United States achieve 2020 emissions reduction targets ndash even in the absence of a federal economy-wide cap on carbon pollu-tion For example Environment America Research amp Policy Centerrsquos 2011 report The Way Forward on Global Warming demonstrated that with a suite of

local state and federal policies to increase energy e$ciency deploy clean energy technologies and improve public transportation the United States could curb emissions of carbon dioxide from en-ergy use by as much as 35 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 20 percent below 1990 levels by 203075 A nationwide cap on carbon pollution from all sources ndash not just power plants ndash would al-low the United States to make the remaining emis-sions reductions necessary to prevent the worst impacts of global warming

20 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants

The unprecedented threat that global warm-ing poses to our health our safety and our environment demands that the United

States takes urgent action to reduce emissions of global warming pollution However US power plants currently face no federal limits on the amount of carbon dioxide pollution they can emit

Given the enormous share of global warming pollu-tion contributed by US power plants limiting car-bon dioxide emissions from both new and existing power plants must be a key part of any strategy to reduce US global warming emissions Fortunately the rst steps toward setting these standards are already being taken On June 25 2013 President Obama announced his plan to address global warm-ing through executive action using existing statu-tory authority and funds76 The two most important elements of this plan are nalizing carbon emissions standards for new power plants and directing the EPA to quickly propose and implement a limit on existing plants77

The EPA proposed a limit on new power plants in March 2012 Since then the EPA has received more than 32 million public comments supporting limiting carbon pollution from power plants and President Obama has asked the EPA to re-propose a carbon pollution standard for new power plants by September 20 201378

The originally proposed limit restricts global warm-ing pollution for facilities 25 megawatts (MW) or

larger to 1000 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity they produce79 According to the EPA this standard was based on commonly used combined-cycle natural gas power plants ndash a standard that new coal plants are highly unlikely to meet80 Existing coal plants produce an average of 2180 lbs CO2MWh with the worst plants producing more than 3000 lbs CO2MWh81

The EPA has yet to propose a standard for existing power plants a large portion of which are aging coal-red plants However the president has directed the EPA to propose and submit carbon pollution limits for existing plants by June 2014 and to nalize those limits the following year82 (See ldquoThe Long Road to Carbon Pollution Limitsrdquo on page 21)

Some states already limit carbon pollution from pow-er plants California has an economy-wide cap on car-bon dioxide emissions and nine states from Maine to Maryland participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) which caps pollution from power plants in the Northeast Once nalized the EPArsquos carbon pollution limits for all new power plants nationwide would go a long way toward reducing future US global warming pollution However the agency must also move quickly to establish strong federal standards for existing power plants ndash and force the nationrsquos largest sources of carbon pollution to clean up

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 21

e Long Road to Carbon Pollution LimitsThe Obama administrationrsquos recent actions indicating progress toward carbon dioxide pollution from power plants are the culmination of a 14-year campaign to clean up the nationrsquos power plants In 1999 one year after the EPA declined to include carbon dioxide pollution limits in new vehicle emissions standards 19 environmental and public interest groups petitioned the EPA to classify carbon dioxide as an air pollutant subject to the Clean Air Act regulation83 They cited car-bon dioxidersquos contribution to global warming ndash which threatens human health and the environ-ment ndash as rationale for regulation84

In 2003 the EPA released an o$cial statement that it did not believe the Act authorized the EPA to regulate global warming pollution and that even if it did authorize regulating greenhouse gases the EPA objected to doing so on policy grounds85 However the US Supreme Court dis-agreed with the EPA in 2007 ruling with several states and environmental groups that the EPA does indeed have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases and that its policy objections were insu$cient to decline to regulate86 The court also directed the EPA to determine if greenhouse gases contribute to global warming and if so whether global warming endangered public health and welfare87 By the end of 2009 the EPA o$cially determined that emissions of carbon dioxide endanger public health and welfare by contributing to global warming88

In December 2010 the EPA announced its plan to release new performance standards and manda-tory emissions guidelines for all new fossil fuel-red power plants89 The EPA proposed an interim carbon pollution standard for new power plants in April 2012 that is in eect until a rule can be nalized90 This step set the rst-ever national limits on the amount of carbon pollution power plants can emit91

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

3Au

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

Che

naAu

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

034

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orth

Pol

eG

olde

n Va

lley

Elec

Ass

n In

c0

30

5H

ealy

Gol

den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

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rry

Alab

ama

Pow

er C

o7

33

4W

idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

06

5C

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rtTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

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ity4

75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

Ente

rgy

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nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

Ene

rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

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79

AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

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t15

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57

46

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Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

o11

45

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holla

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

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Salt

Rive

r Pr

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66

5M

esqu

ite G

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atin

g St

atio

nM

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ite P

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LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

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ion

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hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

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n C

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rgy

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ter

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y C

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r LL

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er amp

Pow

er1

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amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

5El

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

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re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o7

21

3C

hero

kee

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o4

01

4Pa

wne

ePu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

305

5H

ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

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tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

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ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

2M

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d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

Pow

er C

o L

LC1

54

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idge

port

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rgy

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ect

Brid

gepo

rt E

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y L

LC1

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4Kl

een

Ener

gy S

yste

ms

Proj

ect

Klee

n En

ergy

Sys

tem

s L

LC0

70

5Br

idge

port

Sta

tion

PSEG

Pow

er C

onne

ctic

ut L

LC0

53

DC

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nnin

gPo

tom

ac P

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Res

ourc

es0

110

210

06

6

2U

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

nU

S G

SA H

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g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

n0

05

3Bu

zzar

d Po

int

Poto

mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

DE

1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

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y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

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rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

Pow

er P

ark

JEA

655

GA

1Sc

here

rG

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ia P

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213

252

176

46

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2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

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er C

o14

24

3W

ansle

yG

eorg

ia P

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719

4H

arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

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515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

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116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

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orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

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outh

Mid

Amer

ican

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rgy

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432

4Lo

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Mid

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ican

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rgy

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430

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ttum

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Inte

rsta

te P

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ht C

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er L

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plex

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005

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ater

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er C

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ratio

n0

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win

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rgy

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plex

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egy

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wes

t G

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n In

c12

83

440

46

41

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wer

ton

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wes

t G

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ns E

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980

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ppa

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mEl

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y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

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rgy

Gen

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ing

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746

5Jo

liet

29M

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est

Gen

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ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

Gib

son

Duk

e En

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ana

Inc

169

558

752

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27

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ckpo

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ichi

gan

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er C

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ters

burg

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er amp

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ht C

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fer

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ther

n In

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b Se

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lifty

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ekIn

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ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

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re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

LC7

01

3Br

ame

Ener

gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

Poi

nt L

LCG

enO

n C

halk

Poi

nt L

LC3

79

4H

erbe

rt A

Wag

ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

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92

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h C

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erat

ion

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tPa

cific

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mat

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Inc

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ard

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eral

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er P

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er P

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45

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Firs

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e M

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Firs

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erat

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p16

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557

48

47

22

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atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

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tion

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ghen

y En

ergy

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ply

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104

6

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n N

orth

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agem

ent

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100

0

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augh

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On

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anag

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t C

ompa

ny9

88

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omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

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atio

ns E

ME

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897

RI1

Ente

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Rhod

e Is

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Ente

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117

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99

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r St

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Dom

inio

n En

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New

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land

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101

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vert

on P

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ntTi

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on P

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Inc

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te P

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IIO

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te P

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35

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te P

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an S

tate

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er C

o0

32

SC1

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ssSo

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a Pu

blic

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vice

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horit

y12

89

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49

34

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Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

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ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

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unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

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611

168

60

31

19

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love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

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er

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lach

ian

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er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

Cou

nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

Poi

nt C

ogen

erat

ion

Mar

ch P

oint

Cog

ener

atio

n C

o0

36

4M

int

Farm

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

138

849

369

75

52

2Fi

rstE

nerg

y H

arris

on P

ower

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

erAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

850

4M

itche

llO

hio

Pow

er C

o8

37

5M

t S

torm

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

818

WY

1Jim

Brid

ger

Paci

fiCor

p12

87

381

89

66

59

2La

ram

ie R

iver

Sta

tion

Basin

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

oop

122

1

3D

ave

John

ston

Paci

fiCor

p5

50

4N

augh

ton

Paci

fiCor

p5

34

5W

yoda

kPa

cifiC

orp

220

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 9: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

8 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Introduction

It doesnrsquot take a trip to the Arctic Circle to see evidence of global warming these days The im-pacts of a warming planet are now appearing

on our doorsteps making headlines in the morning paper The United States has seen much more than its usual share of extreme downpours and intense heat waves in recent years and emerging science links the increase in frequency and severity of some of these events to global warming1 New research also shows that a warmer world is likely to exacer-bate the impacts of extreme weather events such as hurricanes oods drought and wildres2 Many extreme weather events of 2012 foreshadow the kind of disruption global warming may cause in the future From the late-season ldquosuperstormrdquo Hurricane Sandy wreaking havoc on the East Coast to early-season wildres destroying thousands of homes in the West to year-round drought conditions parch-ing the largest area of the continental US since 1956 extreme weather events are occurring with increasing frequency and severity3

Since 2007 federally declared weather-related disasters in the United States have aected counties housing 243 million people ndash or nearly four out of ve Americans4 These events have caused billions of dollars in economic damage have harmed our natural environment and have jeopardized the lives of thousands of people Climate science tells us that the impacts of these events will only worsen

for future generations unless we immediately and dramatically reduce the dangerous carbon pollution that is fueling the problem Meeting that challenge can seem overwhelming and itrsquos certainly not going to be easy But the United States and the world can make a major down-payment toward those emission reductions by cleaning up our biggest sources of pollution

In the case of the United States that means power plants As this report will show a small number of dirty power plants make a massive and dispropor-tionate contribution to the nationrsquos global warming emissions Cleaning up our existing power plants ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power plants ndash would make a signicant dier-ence in ghting global warming

For the rst time in history the United States is preparing to take action to clean up these massive sources of carbon pollution In 2012 the Environ-mental Protection Agency (EPA) issued the rst-ever pollution standards for new power plants and this summer President Obama directed the EPA to estab-lish a standard for existing power plants by 20155

By nalizing strong carbon pollution standards for new and existing power plants the US will seize one of its best available opportunities to signicantly re-duce carbon pollution ndash helping to forestall the worst impacts of global warming for future generations

Introduction 9

Photo Keith Syvinski

By nalizing strong carbon pollution standards for new and existing power plants the US will seize one of its best available opportunities to signicantly reduce carbon pollution ndash helping to forestall the worst impacts of global warming for future generations

Indiana Michigan Power Companyrsquos coal-fired Rockport power plant in Spencer County Indiana is the 11th largest emitter of carbon dioxide pollution in the US power sector It produces global warming pollution equivalent to that produced by 32 million passenger vehicles in a year See Table A-2 in Appendix

10 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon dioxide is the leading greenhouse gas driving global warming and power plants are the largest source of carbon dioxide

pollution in the United States6 Burning fossil fuels for electricity generation produced about 41 percent of total US carbon dioxide emissions in 20117 A disproportionate share of these power-sector carbon dioxide emissions come from a small subset of the nationrsquos dirtiest power plants particularly coal-red power plants However despite their enormous contribution to global warming US power plants currently face no federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution Cleaning up these dirty power plants with strong nationwide pollution standards is one of the most important steps the US can take to curb global warming pollution

e 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute a Massive and Disproportionate Share of Carbon Dioxide EmissionsThere are nearly 6000 electricity generating facilities in the United States but most of the global warming pollution emitted by the US power sector comes from a handful of exceptionally dirty power plants8 These dirty power plants also produce a dispropor-tionately large amount of the nationrsquos total global warming pollution For example just one of these

dirty power plants Georgia Powerrsquos Plant Scherer produces more global warming pollution each year than all the energy-related emissions of Maine9

In 2011 the 50 dirtiest US power plants were responsible for 30 percent of all US power-sector emissions of carbon dioxide 12 percent of total US energy-related emissions and 2 percent of worldwide energy-related emissions10 (See Figure 1) If the 50 dirtiest power plants were an independent nation they would be the seventh-largest emitter of carbon dioxide pollution in the world behind Germany and ahead of South Korea11 (See Figure 2) Their emissions in 2011 were greater than half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States in 201012 (See Table 1 for additional comparisons)

The 100 dirtiest plants were responsible for about half of total carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector in 2011 and more than 3 percent of total worldwide emissions from energy use13

The 500 dirtiest power plants were responsible for around 90 percent of total carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector and about 6 percent of total worldwide emissions from energy use14

e Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 11

Figure 1 The 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute Significantly to US Carbon Dioxide Emissions

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

China UnitedStates

All USPowerPlants

India Russia Japan Germany 50 DirtiestUS

PowerPlants

SouthKorea

Canada

Figure 2 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Pollution Emitted by the 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Compared to CO2

Pollution in Other Countries (MMT)

12 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

e Dirtiest Power Plants Are Old and InecientCoal-red power plants are among the biggest sources of carbon dioxide pollution in the electric power sector24 In fact 98 of the nationrsquos 100 most-polluting power plants in terms of total carbon di-oxide emissions are coal plants among the top 500 317 (63 percent) are coal plants25 The remainder are older oil and gas-red power plants (See Table A-2 in Appendix)

Most of the nationrsquos coal plants are old and inef-cient About 74 percent of US coal plants were at least 30 years old at the end of 2012 and about half were 40 to 60 years old according to the Energy

Table 1 Emissions Equivalencies for the Nationrsquos Top Emitters of Global Warming Pollution15

Total 2011 Emissions

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon

Dioxide)

Percent of Total US Carbon

Dioxide Emissions

Percent of Global Carbon

Dioxide Emissions from

Energy UseThese Plants Produce Carbon Dioxide

Greater Than or Equivalent Tohellip

Top Polluting Plant (Scherer

Power Plant GA)

21 04 01

The total energy-related emissions of Maine16

The pollution produced by electricity use in all New England homes in a year17

Top 10 Polluting

Power Plants 179 34 05

The pollution emitted by all the passen-ger vehicles in New York and California18

The total energy-related emissions of Venezuela19

Top 50 Polluting

Power Plants656 124 20

Half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States20

The total energy-related emission of Texas21

Top 100 Polluting

Power Plants1052 199 32

The emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States22

The pollution produced by electricity use in all US homes in a year23

Information Administration (EIA)26 Coal plants are not designed to last much longer than 30 years but coal companies routinely renovate these plants to extend their lifetimes27 Still many of these plants are ine$cient to operate so power providers run them at only a fraction of their full capacity or for shorter periods of time which results in a lower ldquocapacity factorrdquo (the ratio of a power plantrsquos actual output compared to its full capacity) for the oldest and dirtiest plants In 2009 the average capacity factor for the whole US coal eet was 64 percent with about 40 percent reporting capacity factors below 30 percent28

Although many coal plants today are underutilized because of their age and ine$ciency they remain

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 13

among the worst contributors to global warming pollution For example coal-red power plants were responsible for nearly 80 percent of the global warming pollution produced by electric power plants in 2011 even though they pro-duced only 42 percent of the nationrsquos electricity29 The 50 dirtiest plants produced 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions but only 16 percent of electricity nationwide in 201130 In some states this imbalance is even more ex-treme (See Figure 3)

Figure 3 Share of Statewide Power-Sector Emissions vs Share of Electricity Generation for Top 5 Emitters in 20 States31

81

82

83

85

88

88

89

89

90

91

92

93

93

94

96

96

97

99

99

100

22

11

40

46

35

60

44

46

78

69

8

65

50

23

52

48

3

53

49

46

0 20 40 60 80 100

AZMETN

MNWA

KSWYORUTID

AKNDNE

NMMTVTNH

RIDESD

Top 5 Shareof TotalElectricityGeneration(2011)

Top 5 Shareof TotalPower-SectorEmissions(2011)

In some states emissions from a handful of the dirtiest power plants can exceed emissions from the rest of the economy including the industrial and transportation sectors For example in ve states ndash Wyoming Montana North Dakota West Virginia and New Mexico ndash the ve dirtiest power plants are responsible for about half of total state-wide energy-related emissions and in 31 states these top polluters are responsible for at least one-quarter of statewide energy-related emis-sions (See Table 2 and Table A-3 in the Appendix)

14 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table 2 Emissions of Top 5 Polluting Plants as a Share of Power-Sector and Statewide Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions in 50 States 201132

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Wyoming 381 89 59Montana 161 96 55

North Dakota 271 93 52West Virginia 493 69 52New Mexico 291 94 50

Utah 306 90 49Arizona 430 81 46

Nebraska 247 93 45Arkansas 320 92 45

Kansas 308 88 41Alabama 481 63 36Delaware 39 99 36

North Carolina 430 71 36Missouri 501 62 35Georgia 521 76 34

Iowa 297 75 34Kentucky 504 54 34

South Carolina 263 70 34Tennessee 344 83 34Oklahoma 350 69 32

Hawaii 56 77 31New Hampshire 49 97 31

Wisconsin 291 67 29Maryland 186 80 28

Nevada 93 64 28Colorado 262 67 28

Rhode Island 35 99 28Michigan 428 64 27

Indiana 587 52 27Minnesota 263 85 27Mississippi 141 61 25

Ohio 547 50 24South Dakota 29 100 23Pennsylvania 557 48 22

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 15

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Oregon 59 89 22Illinois 440 46 19

Virginia 168 60 19Florida 417 37 18

Massachusetts 105 66 16Connecticut 59 75 16Washington 67 88 15

Louisiana 350 61 12Maine 28 82 11Texas 746 30 10

New Jersey 99 64 10New York 110 32 7

Alaska 28 75 6Idaho 04 91 4

California 75 19 2Vermont 00 96 0

Despite the large contribution of fossil fuel-red power plants to US global warming emissions neither these highly polluting plants nor proposed new power plants face any federal regulations limit-ing emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse

gases As a result these power plants have emitted carbon dioxide pollution unchecked for decades and there is no guarantee that new power plants will be built in ways that minimize their contribution to global warming

Table 2 (continued)

16 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming

Global warming threatens our health our safety and our environment Rising global average temperatures and other climate

impacts have already resulted in extreme precipita-tion events and heat waves in the United States and climate science tells us that global warming will likely lead to further changes in weather extremes34 Extreme weather events such as Hurricane Sandy extended droughts heat waves and oods caused by heavy precipitation are likely to become more common in a warming world35 At the same time global warming-induced sea-level rise changes in summer and winter precipitation patterns and eco-system changes could reduce the ability of natural and man-made systems to withstand even normal weather events

To avoid the worst impacts of global warming worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants will have to peak roughly three years from now and then decline quickly and dramatically ndash dropping by more than 50 percent by 205036 In the United States addressing this chal-lenge means cleaning up our biggest sources of global warming pollution ndash especially dirty power plants which are responsible for more than 40 per-cent of our emissions of carbon dioxide each year37

A handful of exceptionally dirty power plants are the worst contributors to this problem By focusing on cleaning up power plants ndash our countryrsquos largest single source of carbon pollution ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power

plants in the United States America can make a meaningful dierence in preventing the worst im-pacts of global warming

e US must act now to prevent the worst impacts of global warmingIn 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ndash the worldrsquos foremost scientic authority on the subject ndash concluded that ldquowarm-ing of the climate system is unequivocalrdquo and that ldquo[m]ost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropo-genic [greenhouse gas] concentrationsrdquo38 In 2013 in a draft of its upcoming Fifth Assessment Report on climate change the IPCC strengthened this asser-tion citing ldquonear certaintyrdquo that global warming is human-caused and suggesting that seas could rise by as much as three feet by the end of the century if greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated39

Clear signs of global warming have already begun to emerge

Global average sea and air temperatures in 2010 were tied for the hottest on record according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-istration (NOAA)40 2001 to 2010 was the hottest decade on record with average temperatures estimated to be 083˚F hotter than the 1961-1990 norm41 2010 was also the wettest year on record based on global average precipitation42

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 17

Oceans have absorbed 80 percent of the extra heat in the climate system causing ocean water to expand43 Coupled with melting glaciers this has caused sea levels to rise by about eight inches ndash with the rate of increase accelerating44

Hurricanes have become more intense and the frequency of extreme rain and snowstorms has increased45

At the same time droughts in many parts of the world have become longer and more severe especially in the tropics and subtropics46

In the United States warmer average annual temperatures are connected to increases in extreme precipitation and more intense heat waves Furthermore the US has experienced an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events including oods prolonged drought more intense wildres and stronger tropi-cal storms and hurricanes47

The more global warming pollution that humanity emits the more serious the consequences And the changes will be largely irreversible for a thousand years after emissions stop48

On our current emissions path humanity risks in-creasing the average global temperature by 4degC (72degF) or more (above the pre-industrial era) by the end of this century even if current emission reduc-tion commitments and pledges are met according to a 2012 report by the World Bank49 Warming on this scale would have catastrophic consequences includ-ing

Sea level rise of as much as 3 feet in the next century causing extensive coastal inundation and increasing the risk of storm surge ooding in major coastal cities50 By 2300 global mean sea levels could rise as high as 13 feet above present-day levels51

A 150 percent increase in ocean acidity above pre-industrial levels resulting in wide-ranging negative impacts on marine species and ecosys-tems with particularly severe damage to coral reefs and sheries52

An increase of 20-30 percent in the amount of precipitation falling during heavy rainstorms increasing the risk of major ooding events in many parts of the world53

Increasing aridity drought and extreme tempera-tures in Africa southern Europe and the Middle East and most of the Americas Australia and Southeast Asia54

Global Warming Endangers Public HealthHotter temperatures bring about numerous threats to public health High temperatures combine with sunlight nitrogen oxides and volatile organic com-pounds to create ozone ldquosmogrdquo which damages the respiratory system reduces lung function and aggravates asthma and other respiratory diseases55 The Union of Concerned Scientists estimates that by 2020 students in the United States could experience more than 900000 additional missed school days and seniors and infants could experience more than 5000 additional hospitalizations due to increases of ozone smog exposure that result from the higher temperatures caused by global warming56 Higher temperatures will also allow pollen allergens such as ragweed to proliferate causing those who suf-fer from seasonal allergies to experience worsening symptoms such as hay fever and asthma57

Global warming can also be expected to increase the number of deaths caused by heat stress58 Exces-sive heat events happen when high temperatures combine with other weather conditions ndash such as dew point temperature cloud cover wind speed and surface atmospheric pressure throughout the day ndash

18 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

and contribute to heat-related deaths in a particular location59 According to a 2012 study by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) excessive heat events caused by global warming could kill up to 150000 people in Americarsquos 40 largest cities by the end of the century60

Higher temperatures may also change the patterns of occurrence of various infectious diseases A 2009 study for example found a correlation between warmer temperatures and increased reports of infec-tion by West Nile Virus61 Global warming may also increase the risk of more frequent and more wide-spread outbreaks of waterborne illnesses by allow-ing warm-water pathogens to expand into cooler climates or by exposing more urban water bodies to sewage contamination after ooding caused by major precipitation events according to NRDC62

Increases in droughts and ooding caused by global warming can also reduce water available for drinking or for irrigation they can also harm crops directly diminishing food variety nutritional content and availability all of which can contribute to malnutri-tion and the spread of disease63 Finally sea-level rise and disasters such as strong storms and oods can damage urban infrastructure and displace existing communities64

Global warming pollutants are not the only emis-sions from power plants that harm human health For example in 2010 two-thirds of all airborne mercury pollution in the United States came from the smokestacks of coal-red power plants65 Mercury is a potent neurotoxicant and exposure to mercury during critical periods of brain development can contribute to irreversible decits in verbal skills dam-age to attention and motor control and reduced IQ66 Coal- and natural gas-red power plants also emit nitrogen oxides (NOX) which exacerbate ozone smog pollution as well as other pollutants that contrib-ute to particulate matter and acid rain Like smog particulate matter pollution contributes to a host of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments67 Sulfur

dioxide too is a respiratory irritant for sensitive populations68 In addition it is a major component of acid rain that has damaged forests across the eastern United States69

Cleaning Up US Power Plants Would Cut Carbon Pollution at a Global ScaleHumanity as a whole must limit emissions to no more than 1 trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide from 2000 through 2050 in order to have a 75 percent chance of limiting the global temperature increase to 36deg F (2deg C) above the pre-industrial era ndash a target the international community has set to limit the most severe global warming impacts70 For the world this means that emissions will need to peak by 2015 and decline by more than half by 2050 to have a chance at preventing the worst impacts of climate change71 For the United States and other developed countries emission reductions must occur more quickly and more steeply with reductions of at least 25 to 40 per-cent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 to 95 percent by 205072

As of 2011 annual US greenhouse gas emissions were still 10 percent above 1990 levels73 The annual emissions from a small group of the nationrsquos dirti-est power plants are greatly hindering our ability to meet the emissions reduction targets necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming Replac-ing these power plants with zero-emission energy sources such as wind and solar power or eliminating the need for the power they produce through en-ergy e$ciency and conservation would reduce US greenhouse gas emissions to 11 percent below 1990 levels even in the absence of other eorts to reduce emissions74

Limiting carbon dioxide pollution from new and ex-isting power plants is one of the most eective ways to reduce US global warming pollution in the short run and for decades to come reducing the risk that

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 19

emissions will reach a level that triggers dangerous irreversible climate change impacts

Adopting federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution from power plants as part of a suite of policies to reduce global warming pollution at all levels of gov-ernment would help the United States achieve 2020 emissions reduction targets ndash even in the absence of a federal economy-wide cap on carbon pollu-tion For example Environment America Research amp Policy Centerrsquos 2011 report The Way Forward on Global Warming demonstrated that with a suite of

local state and federal policies to increase energy e$ciency deploy clean energy technologies and improve public transportation the United States could curb emissions of carbon dioxide from en-ergy use by as much as 35 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 20 percent below 1990 levels by 203075 A nationwide cap on carbon pollution from all sources ndash not just power plants ndash would al-low the United States to make the remaining emis-sions reductions necessary to prevent the worst impacts of global warming

20 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants

The unprecedented threat that global warm-ing poses to our health our safety and our environment demands that the United

States takes urgent action to reduce emissions of global warming pollution However US power plants currently face no federal limits on the amount of carbon dioxide pollution they can emit

Given the enormous share of global warming pollu-tion contributed by US power plants limiting car-bon dioxide emissions from both new and existing power plants must be a key part of any strategy to reduce US global warming emissions Fortunately the rst steps toward setting these standards are already being taken On June 25 2013 President Obama announced his plan to address global warm-ing through executive action using existing statu-tory authority and funds76 The two most important elements of this plan are nalizing carbon emissions standards for new power plants and directing the EPA to quickly propose and implement a limit on existing plants77

The EPA proposed a limit on new power plants in March 2012 Since then the EPA has received more than 32 million public comments supporting limiting carbon pollution from power plants and President Obama has asked the EPA to re-propose a carbon pollution standard for new power plants by September 20 201378

The originally proposed limit restricts global warm-ing pollution for facilities 25 megawatts (MW) or

larger to 1000 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity they produce79 According to the EPA this standard was based on commonly used combined-cycle natural gas power plants ndash a standard that new coal plants are highly unlikely to meet80 Existing coal plants produce an average of 2180 lbs CO2MWh with the worst plants producing more than 3000 lbs CO2MWh81

The EPA has yet to propose a standard for existing power plants a large portion of which are aging coal-red plants However the president has directed the EPA to propose and submit carbon pollution limits for existing plants by June 2014 and to nalize those limits the following year82 (See ldquoThe Long Road to Carbon Pollution Limitsrdquo on page 21)

Some states already limit carbon pollution from pow-er plants California has an economy-wide cap on car-bon dioxide emissions and nine states from Maine to Maryland participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) which caps pollution from power plants in the Northeast Once nalized the EPArsquos carbon pollution limits for all new power plants nationwide would go a long way toward reducing future US global warming pollution However the agency must also move quickly to establish strong federal standards for existing power plants ndash and force the nationrsquos largest sources of carbon pollution to clean up

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 21

e Long Road to Carbon Pollution LimitsThe Obama administrationrsquos recent actions indicating progress toward carbon dioxide pollution from power plants are the culmination of a 14-year campaign to clean up the nationrsquos power plants In 1999 one year after the EPA declined to include carbon dioxide pollution limits in new vehicle emissions standards 19 environmental and public interest groups petitioned the EPA to classify carbon dioxide as an air pollutant subject to the Clean Air Act regulation83 They cited car-bon dioxidersquos contribution to global warming ndash which threatens human health and the environ-ment ndash as rationale for regulation84

In 2003 the EPA released an o$cial statement that it did not believe the Act authorized the EPA to regulate global warming pollution and that even if it did authorize regulating greenhouse gases the EPA objected to doing so on policy grounds85 However the US Supreme Court dis-agreed with the EPA in 2007 ruling with several states and environmental groups that the EPA does indeed have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases and that its policy objections were insu$cient to decline to regulate86 The court also directed the EPA to determine if greenhouse gases contribute to global warming and if so whether global warming endangered public health and welfare87 By the end of 2009 the EPA o$cially determined that emissions of carbon dioxide endanger public health and welfare by contributing to global warming88

In December 2010 the EPA announced its plan to release new performance standards and manda-tory emissions guidelines for all new fossil fuel-red power plants89 The EPA proposed an interim carbon pollution standard for new power plants in April 2012 that is in eect until a rule can be nalized90 This step set the rst-ever national limits on the amount of carbon pollution power plants can emit91

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

3Au

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

Che

naAu

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

034

4N

orth

Pol

eG

olde

n Va

lley

Elec

Ass

n In

c0

30

5H

ealy

Gol

den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

ama

Pow

er C

o7

33

4W

idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

06

5C

olbe

rtTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

Ente

rgy

Arka

nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

Ene

rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

2

79

AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t15

92

430

81

57

46

2Sp

ringe

rvill

eTu

cson

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

o11

45

3C

holla

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o7

45

4C

oron

ado

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

75

19

12

2

2D

elta

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Del

ta E

nerg

y C

ente

r LL

C1

64

3H

ayne

sLo

s An

gele

s D

epar

tmen

t of

Wat

er amp

Pow

er1

49

4C

osum

nes

Sacr

amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

5El

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o7

21

3C

hero

kee

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o4

01

4Pa

wne

ePu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

305

5H

ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

2M

ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

Pow

er C

o L

LC1

54

3Br

idge

port

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

Brid

gepo

rt E

nerg

y L

LC1

08

4Kl

een

Ener

gy S

yste

ms

Proj

ect

Klee

n En

ergy

Sys

tem

s L

LC0

70

5Br

idge

port

Sta

tion

PSEG

Pow

er C

onne

ctic

ut L

LC0

53

DC

1Be

nnin

gPo

tom

ac P

ower

Res

ourc

es0

110

210

06

6

2U

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

nU

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

n0

05

3Bu

zzar

d Po

int

Poto

mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

DE

1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

Pow

er P

ark

JEA

655

GA

1Sc

here

rG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

213

252

176

46

34

2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o14

24

3W

ansle

yG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

719

4H

arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

Rath

drum

Pow

er L

LCRa

thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

003

4Ru

pert

Cog

en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

Ope

ratio

ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

Cle

arw

ater

Pap

er C

orpo

ratio

n0

02

IL1

Bald

win

Ene

rgy

Com

plex

Dyn

egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

Gib

son

Duk

e En

ergy

Indi

ana

Inc

169

558

752

52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

Indi

anap

olis

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o10

05

4R

M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

LC7

01

3Br

ame

Ener

gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

Poi

nt L

LCG

enO

n C

halk

Poi

nt L

LC3

79

4H

erbe

rt A

Wag

ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

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Estim

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Cont

ribu

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Stat

ion

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ic S

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115

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1

78

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ion

CAM

S N

M L

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24

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nerg

y Fa

cilit

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blic

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Co

of N

M0

70

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id G

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er

Nev

ada

Pow

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489

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44

28

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huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

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ion

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ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

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Val

my

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ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

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ada

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gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

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S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

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t L

LC3

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22

7

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port

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iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

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unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

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kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

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son

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NY

Inc

168

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1G

ener

al Ja

mes

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avin

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o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

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ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

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l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

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re o

f St

atew

ide

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l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

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ce C

o o

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a8

60

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nd R

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Dam

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horit

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17

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a G

as amp

Ele

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696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

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an

Port

land

Gen

eral

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ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

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erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

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tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

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amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

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Pow

er P

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ipH

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er P

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ip0

45

PA1

Firs

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Bruc

e M

ansfi

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Firs

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Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

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ysto

neG

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n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

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augh

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On

Nor

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st M

anag

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ompa

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Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

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atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

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Inc

061

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cean

Sta

te P

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IIO

cean

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te P

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II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

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ssSo

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Car

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Car

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a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

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03

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ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

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Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

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r Nam

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s (M

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etri

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ns

of C

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l Em

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ons o

f To

p 5

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ts

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Emis

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s for

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10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

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ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

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Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

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23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

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s Po

wer

Inc

019

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roto

n G

ener

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sin E

lect

ric P

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p0

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gus

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es P

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Co

ndash M

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000

TN1

Cum

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nnes

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Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

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34

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y Au

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59

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tin L

ake

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inan

t G

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n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

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ower

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178

1

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n C

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69

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mes

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0

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lect

ric P

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Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

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120

530

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54

49

2H

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cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

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fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

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n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

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cifiC

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138

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ster

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Ele

ctric

amp P

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611

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31

19

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love

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rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

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er C

o4

92

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lect

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er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

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ener

atin

g St

atio

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nask

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Cont

inue

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age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

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nkPl

ant N

ame

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rato

r Nam

e

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sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

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ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

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sion

s fo

r Top

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s a

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tor

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l (20

11)

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s for

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wer

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f St

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ide

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l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

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ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

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0

0

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n Po

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p0

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C M

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on E

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VT)

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en M

ount

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er C

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000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

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mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

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WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

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tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

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15

2Ri

ver

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Gen

Pla

ntPU

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o 1

of C

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nty

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039

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nt C

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ch P

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t So

und

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gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

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665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

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vice

Cor

p5

82

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uth

Oak

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ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

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138

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75

52

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nerg

y H

arris

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ower

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tion

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ghen

y En

ergy

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LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

erAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

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850

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llO

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er C

o8

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5M

t S

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818

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fiCor

p12

87

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iver

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p5

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at th

is po

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pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

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l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

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ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 10: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

Introduction 9

Photo Keith Syvinski

By nalizing strong carbon pollution standards for new and existing power plants the US will seize one of its best available opportunities to signicantly reduce carbon pollution ndash helping to forestall the worst impacts of global warming for future generations

Indiana Michigan Power Companyrsquos coal-fired Rockport power plant in Spencer County Indiana is the 11th largest emitter of carbon dioxide pollution in the US power sector It produces global warming pollution equivalent to that produced by 32 million passenger vehicles in a year See Table A-2 in Appendix

10 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon dioxide is the leading greenhouse gas driving global warming and power plants are the largest source of carbon dioxide

pollution in the United States6 Burning fossil fuels for electricity generation produced about 41 percent of total US carbon dioxide emissions in 20117 A disproportionate share of these power-sector carbon dioxide emissions come from a small subset of the nationrsquos dirtiest power plants particularly coal-red power plants However despite their enormous contribution to global warming US power plants currently face no federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution Cleaning up these dirty power plants with strong nationwide pollution standards is one of the most important steps the US can take to curb global warming pollution

e 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute a Massive and Disproportionate Share of Carbon Dioxide EmissionsThere are nearly 6000 electricity generating facilities in the United States but most of the global warming pollution emitted by the US power sector comes from a handful of exceptionally dirty power plants8 These dirty power plants also produce a dispropor-tionately large amount of the nationrsquos total global warming pollution For example just one of these

dirty power plants Georgia Powerrsquos Plant Scherer produces more global warming pollution each year than all the energy-related emissions of Maine9

In 2011 the 50 dirtiest US power plants were responsible for 30 percent of all US power-sector emissions of carbon dioxide 12 percent of total US energy-related emissions and 2 percent of worldwide energy-related emissions10 (See Figure 1) If the 50 dirtiest power plants were an independent nation they would be the seventh-largest emitter of carbon dioxide pollution in the world behind Germany and ahead of South Korea11 (See Figure 2) Their emissions in 2011 were greater than half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States in 201012 (See Table 1 for additional comparisons)

The 100 dirtiest plants were responsible for about half of total carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector in 2011 and more than 3 percent of total worldwide emissions from energy use13

The 500 dirtiest power plants were responsible for around 90 percent of total carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector and about 6 percent of total worldwide emissions from energy use14

e Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 11

Figure 1 The 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute Significantly to US Carbon Dioxide Emissions

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

China UnitedStates

All USPowerPlants

India Russia Japan Germany 50 DirtiestUS

PowerPlants

SouthKorea

Canada

Figure 2 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Pollution Emitted by the 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Compared to CO2

Pollution in Other Countries (MMT)

12 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

e Dirtiest Power Plants Are Old and InecientCoal-red power plants are among the biggest sources of carbon dioxide pollution in the electric power sector24 In fact 98 of the nationrsquos 100 most-polluting power plants in terms of total carbon di-oxide emissions are coal plants among the top 500 317 (63 percent) are coal plants25 The remainder are older oil and gas-red power plants (See Table A-2 in Appendix)

Most of the nationrsquos coal plants are old and inef-cient About 74 percent of US coal plants were at least 30 years old at the end of 2012 and about half were 40 to 60 years old according to the Energy

Table 1 Emissions Equivalencies for the Nationrsquos Top Emitters of Global Warming Pollution15

Total 2011 Emissions

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon

Dioxide)

Percent of Total US Carbon

Dioxide Emissions

Percent of Global Carbon

Dioxide Emissions from

Energy UseThese Plants Produce Carbon Dioxide

Greater Than or Equivalent Tohellip

Top Polluting Plant (Scherer

Power Plant GA)

21 04 01

The total energy-related emissions of Maine16

The pollution produced by electricity use in all New England homes in a year17

Top 10 Polluting

Power Plants 179 34 05

The pollution emitted by all the passen-ger vehicles in New York and California18

The total energy-related emissions of Venezuela19

Top 50 Polluting

Power Plants656 124 20

Half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States20

The total energy-related emission of Texas21

Top 100 Polluting

Power Plants1052 199 32

The emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States22

The pollution produced by electricity use in all US homes in a year23

Information Administration (EIA)26 Coal plants are not designed to last much longer than 30 years but coal companies routinely renovate these plants to extend their lifetimes27 Still many of these plants are ine$cient to operate so power providers run them at only a fraction of their full capacity or for shorter periods of time which results in a lower ldquocapacity factorrdquo (the ratio of a power plantrsquos actual output compared to its full capacity) for the oldest and dirtiest plants In 2009 the average capacity factor for the whole US coal eet was 64 percent with about 40 percent reporting capacity factors below 30 percent28

Although many coal plants today are underutilized because of their age and ine$ciency they remain

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 13

among the worst contributors to global warming pollution For example coal-red power plants were responsible for nearly 80 percent of the global warming pollution produced by electric power plants in 2011 even though they pro-duced only 42 percent of the nationrsquos electricity29 The 50 dirtiest plants produced 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions but only 16 percent of electricity nationwide in 201130 In some states this imbalance is even more ex-treme (See Figure 3)

Figure 3 Share of Statewide Power-Sector Emissions vs Share of Electricity Generation for Top 5 Emitters in 20 States31

81

82

83

85

88

88

89

89

90

91

92

93

93

94

96

96

97

99

99

100

22

11

40

46

35

60

44

46

78

69

8

65

50

23

52

48

3

53

49

46

0 20 40 60 80 100

AZMETN

MNWA

KSWYORUTID

AKNDNE

NMMTVTNH

RIDESD

Top 5 Shareof TotalElectricityGeneration(2011)

Top 5 Shareof TotalPower-SectorEmissions(2011)

In some states emissions from a handful of the dirtiest power plants can exceed emissions from the rest of the economy including the industrial and transportation sectors For example in ve states ndash Wyoming Montana North Dakota West Virginia and New Mexico ndash the ve dirtiest power plants are responsible for about half of total state-wide energy-related emissions and in 31 states these top polluters are responsible for at least one-quarter of statewide energy-related emis-sions (See Table 2 and Table A-3 in the Appendix)

14 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table 2 Emissions of Top 5 Polluting Plants as a Share of Power-Sector and Statewide Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions in 50 States 201132

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Wyoming 381 89 59Montana 161 96 55

North Dakota 271 93 52West Virginia 493 69 52New Mexico 291 94 50

Utah 306 90 49Arizona 430 81 46

Nebraska 247 93 45Arkansas 320 92 45

Kansas 308 88 41Alabama 481 63 36Delaware 39 99 36

North Carolina 430 71 36Missouri 501 62 35Georgia 521 76 34

Iowa 297 75 34Kentucky 504 54 34

South Carolina 263 70 34Tennessee 344 83 34Oklahoma 350 69 32

Hawaii 56 77 31New Hampshire 49 97 31

Wisconsin 291 67 29Maryland 186 80 28

Nevada 93 64 28Colorado 262 67 28

Rhode Island 35 99 28Michigan 428 64 27

Indiana 587 52 27Minnesota 263 85 27Mississippi 141 61 25

Ohio 547 50 24South Dakota 29 100 23Pennsylvania 557 48 22

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 15

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Oregon 59 89 22Illinois 440 46 19

Virginia 168 60 19Florida 417 37 18

Massachusetts 105 66 16Connecticut 59 75 16Washington 67 88 15

Louisiana 350 61 12Maine 28 82 11Texas 746 30 10

New Jersey 99 64 10New York 110 32 7

Alaska 28 75 6Idaho 04 91 4

California 75 19 2Vermont 00 96 0

Despite the large contribution of fossil fuel-red power plants to US global warming emissions neither these highly polluting plants nor proposed new power plants face any federal regulations limit-ing emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse

gases As a result these power plants have emitted carbon dioxide pollution unchecked for decades and there is no guarantee that new power plants will be built in ways that minimize their contribution to global warming

Table 2 (continued)

16 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming

Global warming threatens our health our safety and our environment Rising global average temperatures and other climate

impacts have already resulted in extreme precipita-tion events and heat waves in the United States and climate science tells us that global warming will likely lead to further changes in weather extremes34 Extreme weather events such as Hurricane Sandy extended droughts heat waves and oods caused by heavy precipitation are likely to become more common in a warming world35 At the same time global warming-induced sea-level rise changes in summer and winter precipitation patterns and eco-system changes could reduce the ability of natural and man-made systems to withstand even normal weather events

To avoid the worst impacts of global warming worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants will have to peak roughly three years from now and then decline quickly and dramatically ndash dropping by more than 50 percent by 205036 In the United States addressing this chal-lenge means cleaning up our biggest sources of global warming pollution ndash especially dirty power plants which are responsible for more than 40 per-cent of our emissions of carbon dioxide each year37

A handful of exceptionally dirty power plants are the worst contributors to this problem By focusing on cleaning up power plants ndash our countryrsquos largest single source of carbon pollution ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power

plants in the United States America can make a meaningful dierence in preventing the worst im-pacts of global warming

e US must act now to prevent the worst impacts of global warmingIn 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ndash the worldrsquos foremost scientic authority on the subject ndash concluded that ldquowarm-ing of the climate system is unequivocalrdquo and that ldquo[m]ost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropo-genic [greenhouse gas] concentrationsrdquo38 In 2013 in a draft of its upcoming Fifth Assessment Report on climate change the IPCC strengthened this asser-tion citing ldquonear certaintyrdquo that global warming is human-caused and suggesting that seas could rise by as much as three feet by the end of the century if greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated39

Clear signs of global warming have already begun to emerge

Global average sea and air temperatures in 2010 were tied for the hottest on record according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-istration (NOAA)40 2001 to 2010 was the hottest decade on record with average temperatures estimated to be 083˚F hotter than the 1961-1990 norm41 2010 was also the wettest year on record based on global average precipitation42

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 17

Oceans have absorbed 80 percent of the extra heat in the climate system causing ocean water to expand43 Coupled with melting glaciers this has caused sea levels to rise by about eight inches ndash with the rate of increase accelerating44

Hurricanes have become more intense and the frequency of extreme rain and snowstorms has increased45

At the same time droughts in many parts of the world have become longer and more severe especially in the tropics and subtropics46

In the United States warmer average annual temperatures are connected to increases in extreme precipitation and more intense heat waves Furthermore the US has experienced an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events including oods prolonged drought more intense wildres and stronger tropi-cal storms and hurricanes47

The more global warming pollution that humanity emits the more serious the consequences And the changes will be largely irreversible for a thousand years after emissions stop48

On our current emissions path humanity risks in-creasing the average global temperature by 4degC (72degF) or more (above the pre-industrial era) by the end of this century even if current emission reduc-tion commitments and pledges are met according to a 2012 report by the World Bank49 Warming on this scale would have catastrophic consequences includ-ing

Sea level rise of as much as 3 feet in the next century causing extensive coastal inundation and increasing the risk of storm surge ooding in major coastal cities50 By 2300 global mean sea levels could rise as high as 13 feet above present-day levels51

A 150 percent increase in ocean acidity above pre-industrial levels resulting in wide-ranging negative impacts on marine species and ecosys-tems with particularly severe damage to coral reefs and sheries52

An increase of 20-30 percent in the amount of precipitation falling during heavy rainstorms increasing the risk of major ooding events in many parts of the world53

Increasing aridity drought and extreme tempera-tures in Africa southern Europe and the Middle East and most of the Americas Australia and Southeast Asia54

Global Warming Endangers Public HealthHotter temperatures bring about numerous threats to public health High temperatures combine with sunlight nitrogen oxides and volatile organic com-pounds to create ozone ldquosmogrdquo which damages the respiratory system reduces lung function and aggravates asthma and other respiratory diseases55 The Union of Concerned Scientists estimates that by 2020 students in the United States could experience more than 900000 additional missed school days and seniors and infants could experience more than 5000 additional hospitalizations due to increases of ozone smog exposure that result from the higher temperatures caused by global warming56 Higher temperatures will also allow pollen allergens such as ragweed to proliferate causing those who suf-fer from seasonal allergies to experience worsening symptoms such as hay fever and asthma57

Global warming can also be expected to increase the number of deaths caused by heat stress58 Exces-sive heat events happen when high temperatures combine with other weather conditions ndash such as dew point temperature cloud cover wind speed and surface atmospheric pressure throughout the day ndash

18 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

and contribute to heat-related deaths in a particular location59 According to a 2012 study by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) excessive heat events caused by global warming could kill up to 150000 people in Americarsquos 40 largest cities by the end of the century60

Higher temperatures may also change the patterns of occurrence of various infectious diseases A 2009 study for example found a correlation between warmer temperatures and increased reports of infec-tion by West Nile Virus61 Global warming may also increase the risk of more frequent and more wide-spread outbreaks of waterborne illnesses by allow-ing warm-water pathogens to expand into cooler climates or by exposing more urban water bodies to sewage contamination after ooding caused by major precipitation events according to NRDC62

Increases in droughts and ooding caused by global warming can also reduce water available for drinking or for irrigation they can also harm crops directly diminishing food variety nutritional content and availability all of which can contribute to malnutri-tion and the spread of disease63 Finally sea-level rise and disasters such as strong storms and oods can damage urban infrastructure and displace existing communities64

Global warming pollutants are not the only emis-sions from power plants that harm human health For example in 2010 two-thirds of all airborne mercury pollution in the United States came from the smokestacks of coal-red power plants65 Mercury is a potent neurotoxicant and exposure to mercury during critical periods of brain development can contribute to irreversible decits in verbal skills dam-age to attention and motor control and reduced IQ66 Coal- and natural gas-red power plants also emit nitrogen oxides (NOX) which exacerbate ozone smog pollution as well as other pollutants that contrib-ute to particulate matter and acid rain Like smog particulate matter pollution contributes to a host of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments67 Sulfur

dioxide too is a respiratory irritant for sensitive populations68 In addition it is a major component of acid rain that has damaged forests across the eastern United States69

Cleaning Up US Power Plants Would Cut Carbon Pollution at a Global ScaleHumanity as a whole must limit emissions to no more than 1 trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide from 2000 through 2050 in order to have a 75 percent chance of limiting the global temperature increase to 36deg F (2deg C) above the pre-industrial era ndash a target the international community has set to limit the most severe global warming impacts70 For the world this means that emissions will need to peak by 2015 and decline by more than half by 2050 to have a chance at preventing the worst impacts of climate change71 For the United States and other developed countries emission reductions must occur more quickly and more steeply with reductions of at least 25 to 40 per-cent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 to 95 percent by 205072

As of 2011 annual US greenhouse gas emissions were still 10 percent above 1990 levels73 The annual emissions from a small group of the nationrsquos dirti-est power plants are greatly hindering our ability to meet the emissions reduction targets necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming Replac-ing these power plants with zero-emission energy sources such as wind and solar power or eliminating the need for the power they produce through en-ergy e$ciency and conservation would reduce US greenhouse gas emissions to 11 percent below 1990 levels even in the absence of other eorts to reduce emissions74

Limiting carbon dioxide pollution from new and ex-isting power plants is one of the most eective ways to reduce US global warming pollution in the short run and for decades to come reducing the risk that

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 19

emissions will reach a level that triggers dangerous irreversible climate change impacts

Adopting federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution from power plants as part of a suite of policies to reduce global warming pollution at all levels of gov-ernment would help the United States achieve 2020 emissions reduction targets ndash even in the absence of a federal economy-wide cap on carbon pollu-tion For example Environment America Research amp Policy Centerrsquos 2011 report The Way Forward on Global Warming demonstrated that with a suite of

local state and federal policies to increase energy e$ciency deploy clean energy technologies and improve public transportation the United States could curb emissions of carbon dioxide from en-ergy use by as much as 35 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 20 percent below 1990 levels by 203075 A nationwide cap on carbon pollution from all sources ndash not just power plants ndash would al-low the United States to make the remaining emis-sions reductions necessary to prevent the worst impacts of global warming

20 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants

The unprecedented threat that global warm-ing poses to our health our safety and our environment demands that the United

States takes urgent action to reduce emissions of global warming pollution However US power plants currently face no federal limits on the amount of carbon dioxide pollution they can emit

Given the enormous share of global warming pollu-tion contributed by US power plants limiting car-bon dioxide emissions from both new and existing power plants must be a key part of any strategy to reduce US global warming emissions Fortunately the rst steps toward setting these standards are already being taken On June 25 2013 President Obama announced his plan to address global warm-ing through executive action using existing statu-tory authority and funds76 The two most important elements of this plan are nalizing carbon emissions standards for new power plants and directing the EPA to quickly propose and implement a limit on existing plants77

The EPA proposed a limit on new power plants in March 2012 Since then the EPA has received more than 32 million public comments supporting limiting carbon pollution from power plants and President Obama has asked the EPA to re-propose a carbon pollution standard for new power plants by September 20 201378

The originally proposed limit restricts global warm-ing pollution for facilities 25 megawatts (MW) or

larger to 1000 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity they produce79 According to the EPA this standard was based on commonly used combined-cycle natural gas power plants ndash a standard that new coal plants are highly unlikely to meet80 Existing coal plants produce an average of 2180 lbs CO2MWh with the worst plants producing more than 3000 lbs CO2MWh81

The EPA has yet to propose a standard for existing power plants a large portion of which are aging coal-red plants However the president has directed the EPA to propose and submit carbon pollution limits for existing plants by June 2014 and to nalize those limits the following year82 (See ldquoThe Long Road to Carbon Pollution Limitsrdquo on page 21)

Some states already limit carbon pollution from pow-er plants California has an economy-wide cap on car-bon dioxide emissions and nine states from Maine to Maryland participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) which caps pollution from power plants in the Northeast Once nalized the EPArsquos carbon pollution limits for all new power plants nationwide would go a long way toward reducing future US global warming pollution However the agency must also move quickly to establish strong federal standards for existing power plants ndash and force the nationrsquos largest sources of carbon pollution to clean up

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 21

e Long Road to Carbon Pollution LimitsThe Obama administrationrsquos recent actions indicating progress toward carbon dioxide pollution from power plants are the culmination of a 14-year campaign to clean up the nationrsquos power plants In 1999 one year after the EPA declined to include carbon dioxide pollution limits in new vehicle emissions standards 19 environmental and public interest groups petitioned the EPA to classify carbon dioxide as an air pollutant subject to the Clean Air Act regulation83 They cited car-bon dioxidersquos contribution to global warming ndash which threatens human health and the environ-ment ndash as rationale for regulation84

In 2003 the EPA released an o$cial statement that it did not believe the Act authorized the EPA to regulate global warming pollution and that even if it did authorize regulating greenhouse gases the EPA objected to doing so on policy grounds85 However the US Supreme Court dis-agreed with the EPA in 2007 ruling with several states and environmental groups that the EPA does indeed have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases and that its policy objections were insu$cient to decline to regulate86 The court also directed the EPA to determine if greenhouse gases contribute to global warming and if so whether global warming endangered public health and welfare87 By the end of 2009 the EPA o$cially determined that emissions of carbon dioxide endanger public health and welfare by contributing to global warming88

In December 2010 the EPA announced its plan to release new performance standards and manda-tory emissions guidelines for all new fossil fuel-red power plants89 The EPA proposed an interim carbon pollution standard for new power plants in April 2012 that is in eect until a rule can be nalized90 This step set the rst-ever national limits on the amount of carbon pollution power plants can emit91

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

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nkPl

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ame

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rato

r Nam

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sion

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illon

M

etri

c to

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of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

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e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

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Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

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re o

f St

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ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

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Plan

t 2

Anch

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e M

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ht a

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rora

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lley

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n In

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ealy

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den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

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206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

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102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

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Pow

er C

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33

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idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

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rtTe

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see

Valle

y Au

thor

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75

AR1

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pend

ence

Ente

rgy

Arka

nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

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rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

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este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

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377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

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nion

Pow

er P

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LP

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AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

Rive

r Pr

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rvill

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ctric

Pow

er C

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holla

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ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

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Salt

Rive

r Pr

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t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

75

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ter

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nerg

y C

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r LL

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er amp

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er1

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Dist

1

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ills

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er L

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Ind

icat

es th

at th

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nt is

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dule

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r ret

irem

ent11

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plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

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tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o7

21

3C

hero

kee

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o4

01

4Pa

wne

ePu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

305

5H

ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

2M

ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

Pow

er C

o L

LC1

54

3Br

idge

port

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

Brid

gepo

rt E

nerg

y L

LC1

08

4Kl

een

Ener

gy S

yste

ms

Proj

ect

Klee

n En

ergy

Sys

tem

s L

LC0

70

5Br

idge

port

Sta

tion

PSEG

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er C

onne

ctic

ut L

LC0

53

DC

1Be

nnin

gPo

tom

ac P

ower

Res

ourc

es0

110

210

06

6

2U

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

nU

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

n0

05

3Bu

zzar

d Po

int

Poto

mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

DE

1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

Pow

er P

ark

JEA

655

GA

1Sc

here

rG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

213

252

176

46

34

2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o14

24

3W

ansle

yG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

719

4H

arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

Rath

drum

Pow

er L

LCRa

thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

003

4Ru

pert

Cog

en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

Ope

ratio

ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

Cle

arw

ater

Pap

er C

orpo

ratio

n0

02

IL1

Bald

win

Ene

rgy

Com

plex

Dyn

egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

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son

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e En

ergy

Indi

ana

Inc

169

558

752

52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

Indi

anap

olis

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o10

05

4R

M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

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01

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ame

Ener

gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

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ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

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nt L

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n C

halk

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nt L

LC3

79

4H

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rt A

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ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

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r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

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sum

ers

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gy C

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16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

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n C

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91

4St

Cla

irD

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ison

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654

5Tr

ento

n C

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ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

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nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

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neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

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as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

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issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

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erat

ing

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lity

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ctaw

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ing

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2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

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er C

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73

4Ba

xter

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y M

ississ

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5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

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issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

Cou

nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

Poi

nt C

ogen

erat

ion

Mar

ch P

oint

Cog

ener

atio

n C

o0

36

4M

int

Farm

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

138

849

369

75

52

2Fi

rstE

nerg

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42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 11: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

10 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon dioxide is the leading greenhouse gas driving global warming and power plants are the largest source of carbon dioxide

pollution in the United States6 Burning fossil fuels for electricity generation produced about 41 percent of total US carbon dioxide emissions in 20117 A disproportionate share of these power-sector carbon dioxide emissions come from a small subset of the nationrsquos dirtiest power plants particularly coal-red power plants However despite their enormous contribution to global warming US power plants currently face no federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution Cleaning up these dirty power plants with strong nationwide pollution standards is one of the most important steps the US can take to curb global warming pollution

e 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute a Massive and Disproportionate Share of Carbon Dioxide EmissionsThere are nearly 6000 electricity generating facilities in the United States but most of the global warming pollution emitted by the US power sector comes from a handful of exceptionally dirty power plants8 These dirty power plants also produce a dispropor-tionately large amount of the nationrsquos total global warming pollution For example just one of these

dirty power plants Georgia Powerrsquos Plant Scherer produces more global warming pollution each year than all the energy-related emissions of Maine9

In 2011 the 50 dirtiest US power plants were responsible for 30 percent of all US power-sector emissions of carbon dioxide 12 percent of total US energy-related emissions and 2 percent of worldwide energy-related emissions10 (See Figure 1) If the 50 dirtiest power plants were an independent nation they would be the seventh-largest emitter of carbon dioxide pollution in the world behind Germany and ahead of South Korea11 (See Figure 2) Their emissions in 2011 were greater than half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States in 201012 (See Table 1 for additional comparisons)

The 100 dirtiest plants were responsible for about half of total carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector in 2011 and more than 3 percent of total worldwide emissions from energy use13

The 500 dirtiest power plants were responsible for around 90 percent of total carbon dioxide emissions from the US electricity sector and about 6 percent of total worldwide emissions from energy use14

e Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 11

Figure 1 The 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute Significantly to US Carbon Dioxide Emissions

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

China UnitedStates

All USPowerPlants

India Russia Japan Germany 50 DirtiestUS

PowerPlants

SouthKorea

Canada

Figure 2 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Pollution Emitted by the 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Compared to CO2

Pollution in Other Countries (MMT)

12 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

e Dirtiest Power Plants Are Old and InecientCoal-red power plants are among the biggest sources of carbon dioxide pollution in the electric power sector24 In fact 98 of the nationrsquos 100 most-polluting power plants in terms of total carbon di-oxide emissions are coal plants among the top 500 317 (63 percent) are coal plants25 The remainder are older oil and gas-red power plants (See Table A-2 in Appendix)

Most of the nationrsquos coal plants are old and inef-cient About 74 percent of US coal plants were at least 30 years old at the end of 2012 and about half were 40 to 60 years old according to the Energy

Table 1 Emissions Equivalencies for the Nationrsquos Top Emitters of Global Warming Pollution15

Total 2011 Emissions

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon

Dioxide)

Percent of Total US Carbon

Dioxide Emissions

Percent of Global Carbon

Dioxide Emissions from

Energy UseThese Plants Produce Carbon Dioxide

Greater Than or Equivalent Tohellip

Top Polluting Plant (Scherer

Power Plant GA)

21 04 01

The total energy-related emissions of Maine16

The pollution produced by electricity use in all New England homes in a year17

Top 10 Polluting

Power Plants 179 34 05

The pollution emitted by all the passen-ger vehicles in New York and California18

The total energy-related emissions of Venezuela19

Top 50 Polluting

Power Plants656 124 20

Half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States20

The total energy-related emission of Texas21

Top 100 Polluting

Power Plants1052 199 32

The emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States22

The pollution produced by electricity use in all US homes in a year23

Information Administration (EIA)26 Coal plants are not designed to last much longer than 30 years but coal companies routinely renovate these plants to extend their lifetimes27 Still many of these plants are ine$cient to operate so power providers run them at only a fraction of their full capacity or for shorter periods of time which results in a lower ldquocapacity factorrdquo (the ratio of a power plantrsquos actual output compared to its full capacity) for the oldest and dirtiest plants In 2009 the average capacity factor for the whole US coal eet was 64 percent with about 40 percent reporting capacity factors below 30 percent28

Although many coal plants today are underutilized because of their age and ine$ciency they remain

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 13

among the worst contributors to global warming pollution For example coal-red power plants were responsible for nearly 80 percent of the global warming pollution produced by electric power plants in 2011 even though they pro-duced only 42 percent of the nationrsquos electricity29 The 50 dirtiest plants produced 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions but only 16 percent of electricity nationwide in 201130 In some states this imbalance is even more ex-treme (See Figure 3)

Figure 3 Share of Statewide Power-Sector Emissions vs Share of Electricity Generation for Top 5 Emitters in 20 States31

81

82

83

85

88

88

89

89

90

91

92

93

93

94

96

96

97

99

99

100

22

11

40

46

35

60

44

46

78

69

8

65

50

23

52

48

3

53

49

46

0 20 40 60 80 100

AZMETN

MNWA

KSWYORUTID

AKNDNE

NMMTVTNH

RIDESD

Top 5 Shareof TotalElectricityGeneration(2011)

Top 5 Shareof TotalPower-SectorEmissions(2011)

In some states emissions from a handful of the dirtiest power plants can exceed emissions from the rest of the economy including the industrial and transportation sectors For example in ve states ndash Wyoming Montana North Dakota West Virginia and New Mexico ndash the ve dirtiest power plants are responsible for about half of total state-wide energy-related emissions and in 31 states these top polluters are responsible for at least one-quarter of statewide energy-related emis-sions (See Table 2 and Table A-3 in the Appendix)

14 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table 2 Emissions of Top 5 Polluting Plants as a Share of Power-Sector and Statewide Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions in 50 States 201132

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Wyoming 381 89 59Montana 161 96 55

North Dakota 271 93 52West Virginia 493 69 52New Mexico 291 94 50

Utah 306 90 49Arizona 430 81 46

Nebraska 247 93 45Arkansas 320 92 45

Kansas 308 88 41Alabama 481 63 36Delaware 39 99 36

North Carolina 430 71 36Missouri 501 62 35Georgia 521 76 34

Iowa 297 75 34Kentucky 504 54 34

South Carolina 263 70 34Tennessee 344 83 34Oklahoma 350 69 32

Hawaii 56 77 31New Hampshire 49 97 31

Wisconsin 291 67 29Maryland 186 80 28

Nevada 93 64 28Colorado 262 67 28

Rhode Island 35 99 28Michigan 428 64 27

Indiana 587 52 27Minnesota 263 85 27Mississippi 141 61 25

Ohio 547 50 24South Dakota 29 100 23Pennsylvania 557 48 22

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 15

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Oregon 59 89 22Illinois 440 46 19

Virginia 168 60 19Florida 417 37 18

Massachusetts 105 66 16Connecticut 59 75 16Washington 67 88 15

Louisiana 350 61 12Maine 28 82 11Texas 746 30 10

New Jersey 99 64 10New York 110 32 7

Alaska 28 75 6Idaho 04 91 4

California 75 19 2Vermont 00 96 0

Despite the large contribution of fossil fuel-red power plants to US global warming emissions neither these highly polluting plants nor proposed new power plants face any federal regulations limit-ing emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse

gases As a result these power plants have emitted carbon dioxide pollution unchecked for decades and there is no guarantee that new power plants will be built in ways that minimize their contribution to global warming

Table 2 (continued)

16 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming

Global warming threatens our health our safety and our environment Rising global average temperatures and other climate

impacts have already resulted in extreme precipita-tion events and heat waves in the United States and climate science tells us that global warming will likely lead to further changes in weather extremes34 Extreme weather events such as Hurricane Sandy extended droughts heat waves and oods caused by heavy precipitation are likely to become more common in a warming world35 At the same time global warming-induced sea-level rise changes in summer and winter precipitation patterns and eco-system changes could reduce the ability of natural and man-made systems to withstand even normal weather events

To avoid the worst impacts of global warming worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants will have to peak roughly three years from now and then decline quickly and dramatically ndash dropping by more than 50 percent by 205036 In the United States addressing this chal-lenge means cleaning up our biggest sources of global warming pollution ndash especially dirty power plants which are responsible for more than 40 per-cent of our emissions of carbon dioxide each year37

A handful of exceptionally dirty power plants are the worst contributors to this problem By focusing on cleaning up power plants ndash our countryrsquos largest single source of carbon pollution ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power

plants in the United States America can make a meaningful dierence in preventing the worst im-pacts of global warming

e US must act now to prevent the worst impacts of global warmingIn 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ndash the worldrsquos foremost scientic authority on the subject ndash concluded that ldquowarm-ing of the climate system is unequivocalrdquo and that ldquo[m]ost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropo-genic [greenhouse gas] concentrationsrdquo38 In 2013 in a draft of its upcoming Fifth Assessment Report on climate change the IPCC strengthened this asser-tion citing ldquonear certaintyrdquo that global warming is human-caused and suggesting that seas could rise by as much as three feet by the end of the century if greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated39

Clear signs of global warming have already begun to emerge

Global average sea and air temperatures in 2010 were tied for the hottest on record according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-istration (NOAA)40 2001 to 2010 was the hottest decade on record with average temperatures estimated to be 083˚F hotter than the 1961-1990 norm41 2010 was also the wettest year on record based on global average precipitation42

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 17

Oceans have absorbed 80 percent of the extra heat in the climate system causing ocean water to expand43 Coupled with melting glaciers this has caused sea levels to rise by about eight inches ndash with the rate of increase accelerating44

Hurricanes have become more intense and the frequency of extreme rain and snowstorms has increased45

At the same time droughts in many parts of the world have become longer and more severe especially in the tropics and subtropics46

In the United States warmer average annual temperatures are connected to increases in extreme precipitation and more intense heat waves Furthermore the US has experienced an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events including oods prolonged drought more intense wildres and stronger tropi-cal storms and hurricanes47

The more global warming pollution that humanity emits the more serious the consequences And the changes will be largely irreversible for a thousand years after emissions stop48

On our current emissions path humanity risks in-creasing the average global temperature by 4degC (72degF) or more (above the pre-industrial era) by the end of this century even if current emission reduc-tion commitments and pledges are met according to a 2012 report by the World Bank49 Warming on this scale would have catastrophic consequences includ-ing

Sea level rise of as much as 3 feet in the next century causing extensive coastal inundation and increasing the risk of storm surge ooding in major coastal cities50 By 2300 global mean sea levels could rise as high as 13 feet above present-day levels51

A 150 percent increase in ocean acidity above pre-industrial levels resulting in wide-ranging negative impacts on marine species and ecosys-tems with particularly severe damage to coral reefs and sheries52

An increase of 20-30 percent in the amount of precipitation falling during heavy rainstorms increasing the risk of major ooding events in many parts of the world53

Increasing aridity drought and extreme tempera-tures in Africa southern Europe and the Middle East and most of the Americas Australia and Southeast Asia54

Global Warming Endangers Public HealthHotter temperatures bring about numerous threats to public health High temperatures combine with sunlight nitrogen oxides and volatile organic com-pounds to create ozone ldquosmogrdquo which damages the respiratory system reduces lung function and aggravates asthma and other respiratory diseases55 The Union of Concerned Scientists estimates that by 2020 students in the United States could experience more than 900000 additional missed school days and seniors and infants could experience more than 5000 additional hospitalizations due to increases of ozone smog exposure that result from the higher temperatures caused by global warming56 Higher temperatures will also allow pollen allergens such as ragweed to proliferate causing those who suf-fer from seasonal allergies to experience worsening symptoms such as hay fever and asthma57

Global warming can also be expected to increase the number of deaths caused by heat stress58 Exces-sive heat events happen when high temperatures combine with other weather conditions ndash such as dew point temperature cloud cover wind speed and surface atmospheric pressure throughout the day ndash

18 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

and contribute to heat-related deaths in a particular location59 According to a 2012 study by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) excessive heat events caused by global warming could kill up to 150000 people in Americarsquos 40 largest cities by the end of the century60

Higher temperatures may also change the patterns of occurrence of various infectious diseases A 2009 study for example found a correlation between warmer temperatures and increased reports of infec-tion by West Nile Virus61 Global warming may also increase the risk of more frequent and more wide-spread outbreaks of waterborne illnesses by allow-ing warm-water pathogens to expand into cooler climates or by exposing more urban water bodies to sewage contamination after ooding caused by major precipitation events according to NRDC62

Increases in droughts and ooding caused by global warming can also reduce water available for drinking or for irrigation they can also harm crops directly diminishing food variety nutritional content and availability all of which can contribute to malnutri-tion and the spread of disease63 Finally sea-level rise and disasters such as strong storms and oods can damage urban infrastructure and displace existing communities64

Global warming pollutants are not the only emis-sions from power plants that harm human health For example in 2010 two-thirds of all airborne mercury pollution in the United States came from the smokestacks of coal-red power plants65 Mercury is a potent neurotoxicant and exposure to mercury during critical periods of brain development can contribute to irreversible decits in verbal skills dam-age to attention and motor control and reduced IQ66 Coal- and natural gas-red power plants also emit nitrogen oxides (NOX) which exacerbate ozone smog pollution as well as other pollutants that contrib-ute to particulate matter and acid rain Like smog particulate matter pollution contributes to a host of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments67 Sulfur

dioxide too is a respiratory irritant for sensitive populations68 In addition it is a major component of acid rain that has damaged forests across the eastern United States69

Cleaning Up US Power Plants Would Cut Carbon Pollution at a Global ScaleHumanity as a whole must limit emissions to no more than 1 trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide from 2000 through 2050 in order to have a 75 percent chance of limiting the global temperature increase to 36deg F (2deg C) above the pre-industrial era ndash a target the international community has set to limit the most severe global warming impacts70 For the world this means that emissions will need to peak by 2015 and decline by more than half by 2050 to have a chance at preventing the worst impacts of climate change71 For the United States and other developed countries emission reductions must occur more quickly and more steeply with reductions of at least 25 to 40 per-cent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 to 95 percent by 205072

As of 2011 annual US greenhouse gas emissions were still 10 percent above 1990 levels73 The annual emissions from a small group of the nationrsquos dirti-est power plants are greatly hindering our ability to meet the emissions reduction targets necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming Replac-ing these power plants with zero-emission energy sources such as wind and solar power or eliminating the need for the power they produce through en-ergy e$ciency and conservation would reduce US greenhouse gas emissions to 11 percent below 1990 levels even in the absence of other eorts to reduce emissions74

Limiting carbon dioxide pollution from new and ex-isting power plants is one of the most eective ways to reduce US global warming pollution in the short run and for decades to come reducing the risk that

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 19

emissions will reach a level that triggers dangerous irreversible climate change impacts

Adopting federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution from power plants as part of a suite of policies to reduce global warming pollution at all levels of gov-ernment would help the United States achieve 2020 emissions reduction targets ndash even in the absence of a federal economy-wide cap on carbon pollu-tion For example Environment America Research amp Policy Centerrsquos 2011 report The Way Forward on Global Warming demonstrated that with a suite of

local state and federal policies to increase energy e$ciency deploy clean energy technologies and improve public transportation the United States could curb emissions of carbon dioxide from en-ergy use by as much as 35 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 20 percent below 1990 levels by 203075 A nationwide cap on carbon pollution from all sources ndash not just power plants ndash would al-low the United States to make the remaining emis-sions reductions necessary to prevent the worst impacts of global warming

20 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants

The unprecedented threat that global warm-ing poses to our health our safety and our environment demands that the United

States takes urgent action to reduce emissions of global warming pollution However US power plants currently face no federal limits on the amount of carbon dioxide pollution they can emit

Given the enormous share of global warming pollu-tion contributed by US power plants limiting car-bon dioxide emissions from both new and existing power plants must be a key part of any strategy to reduce US global warming emissions Fortunately the rst steps toward setting these standards are already being taken On June 25 2013 President Obama announced his plan to address global warm-ing through executive action using existing statu-tory authority and funds76 The two most important elements of this plan are nalizing carbon emissions standards for new power plants and directing the EPA to quickly propose and implement a limit on existing plants77

The EPA proposed a limit on new power plants in March 2012 Since then the EPA has received more than 32 million public comments supporting limiting carbon pollution from power plants and President Obama has asked the EPA to re-propose a carbon pollution standard for new power plants by September 20 201378

The originally proposed limit restricts global warm-ing pollution for facilities 25 megawatts (MW) or

larger to 1000 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity they produce79 According to the EPA this standard was based on commonly used combined-cycle natural gas power plants ndash a standard that new coal plants are highly unlikely to meet80 Existing coal plants produce an average of 2180 lbs CO2MWh with the worst plants producing more than 3000 lbs CO2MWh81

The EPA has yet to propose a standard for existing power plants a large portion of which are aging coal-red plants However the president has directed the EPA to propose and submit carbon pollution limits for existing plants by June 2014 and to nalize those limits the following year82 (See ldquoThe Long Road to Carbon Pollution Limitsrdquo on page 21)

Some states already limit carbon pollution from pow-er plants California has an economy-wide cap on car-bon dioxide emissions and nine states from Maine to Maryland participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) which caps pollution from power plants in the Northeast Once nalized the EPArsquos carbon pollution limits for all new power plants nationwide would go a long way toward reducing future US global warming pollution However the agency must also move quickly to establish strong federal standards for existing power plants ndash and force the nationrsquos largest sources of carbon pollution to clean up

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 21

e Long Road to Carbon Pollution LimitsThe Obama administrationrsquos recent actions indicating progress toward carbon dioxide pollution from power plants are the culmination of a 14-year campaign to clean up the nationrsquos power plants In 1999 one year after the EPA declined to include carbon dioxide pollution limits in new vehicle emissions standards 19 environmental and public interest groups petitioned the EPA to classify carbon dioxide as an air pollutant subject to the Clean Air Act regulation83 They cited car-bon dioxidersquos contribution to global warming ndash which threatens human health and the environ-ment ndash as rationale for regulation84

In 2003 the EPA released an o$cial statement that it did not believe the Act authorized the EPA to regulate global warming pollution and that even if it did authorize regulating greenhouse gases the EPA objected to doing so on policy grounds85 However the US Supreme Court dis-agreed with the EPA in 2007 ruling with several states and environmental groups that the EPA does indeed have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases and that its policy objections were insu$cient to decline to regulate86 The court also directed the EPA to determine if greenhouse gases contribute to global warming and if so whether global warming endangered public health and welfare87 By the end of 2009 the EPA o$cially determined that emissions of carbon dioxide endanger public health and welfare by contributing to global warming88

In December 2010 the EPA announced its plan to release new performance standards and manda-tory emissions guidelines for all new fossil fuel-red power plants89 The EPA proposed an interim carbon pollution standard for new power plants in April 2012 that is in eect until a rule can be nalized90 This step set the rst-ever national limits on the amount of carbon pollution power plants can emit91

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

3Au

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

Che

naAu

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

034

4N

orth

Pol

eG

olde

n Va

lley

Elec

Ass

n In

c0

30

5H

ealy

Gol

den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

ama

Pow

er C

o7

33

4W

idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

06

5C

olbe

rtTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

Ente

rgy

Arka

nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

Ene

rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

2

79

AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

Rive

r Pr

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81

57

46

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ringe

rvill

eTu

cson

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

o11

45

3C

holla

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o7

45

4C

oron

ado

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

75

19

12

2

2D

elta

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Del

ta E

nerg

y C

ente

r LL

C1

64

3H

ayne

sLo

s An

gele

s D

epar

tmen

t of

Wat

er amp

Pow

er1

49

4C

osum

nes

Sacr

amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

5El

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o7

21

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hero

kee

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o4

01

4Pa

wne

ePu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

305

5H

ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

2M

ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

Pow

er C

o L

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54

3Br

idge

port

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rgy

Proj

ect

Brid

gepo

rt E

nerg

y L

LC1

08

4Kl

een

Ener

gy S

yste

ms

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ect

Klee

n En

ergy

Sys

tem

s L

LC0

70

5Br

idge

port

Sta

tion

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er C

onne

ctic

ut L

LC0

53

DC

1Be

nnin

gPo

tom

ac P

ower

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ourc

es0

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210

06

6

2U

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SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

nU

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SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

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zzar

d Po

int

Poto

mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

DE

1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

Pow

er P

ark

JEA

655

GA

1Sc

here

rG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

213

252

176

46

34

2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o14

24

3W

ansle

yG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

719

4H

arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

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ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

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drum

Pow

er L

LCRa

thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

003

4Ru

pert

Cog

en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

Ope

ratio

ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

Cle

arw

ater

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er C

orpo

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win

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rgy

Com

plex

Dyn

egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

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n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

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rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

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son

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e En

ergy

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ana

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169

558

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52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

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3AE

S Pe

ters

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anap

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er amp

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ht C

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M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

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gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

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ky U

tiliti

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o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

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ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

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ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

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er C

oop

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891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

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siana

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erat

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LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

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nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

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ame

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gy C

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Pow

er L

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01

4D

olet

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sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

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ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

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Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

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n Po

wer

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ding

s L

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28

2M

orga

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n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

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On

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ntic

LLC

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halk

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nt L

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n C

halk

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nt L

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79

4H

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rt A

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ner

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n Po

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ding

s L

LC1

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5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

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ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

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rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

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pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

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69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

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ford

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5An

dros

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in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

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r An

dros

cogg

in L

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1M

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ison

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163

942

864

42

27

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H C

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5Tr

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n C

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376

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nty

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ther

n St

ates

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er C

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neso

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263

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31

27

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lay

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neso

ta P

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3Al

len

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ther

n St

ates

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er C

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4Bl

ack

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orth

ern

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es P

ower

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ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

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r En

ergy

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ta P

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nion

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ndash (

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62

56

35

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as C

ity P

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ight

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lect

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oop

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sh Is

land

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lect

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o ndash

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785

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ew M

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ed E

lect

ric C

oop

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l Jr

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issip

pi P

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61

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25

2Re

d H

ills

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ctaw

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74

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ck W

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er C

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4Ba

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5R

D M

orro

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uth

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issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

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42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 12: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 11

Figure 1 The 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Contribute Significantly to US Carbon Dioxide Emissions

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

China UnitedStates

All USPowerPlants

India Russia Japan Germany 50 DirtiestUS

PowerPlants

SouthKorea

Canada

Figure 2 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Pollution Emitted by the 50 Dirtiest Power Plants Compared to CO2

Pollution in Other Countries (MMT)

12 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

e Dirtiest Power Plants Are Old and InecientCoal-red power plants are among the biggest sources of carbon dioxide pollution in the electric power sector24 In fact 98 of the nationrsquos 100 most-polluting power plants in terms of total carbon di-oxide emissions are coal plants among the top 500 317 (63 percent) are coal plants25 The remainder are older oil and gas-red power plants (See Table A-2 in Appendix)

Most of the nationrsquos coal plants are old and inef-cient About 74 percent of US coal plants were at least 30 years old at the end of 2012 and about half were 40 to 60 years old according to the Energy

Table 1 Emissions Equivalencies for the Nationrsquos Top Emitters of Global Warming Pollution15

Total 2011 Emissions

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon

Dioxide)

Percent of Total US Carbon

Dioxide Emissions

Percent of Global Carbon

Dioxide Emissions from

Energy UseThese Plants Produce Carbon Dioxide

Greater Than or Equivalent Tohellip

Top Polluting Plant (Scherer

Power Plant GA)

21 04 01

The total energy-related emissions of Maine16

The pollution produced by electricity use in all New England homes in a year17

Top 10 Polluting

Power Plants 179 34 05

The pollution emitted by all the passen-ger vehicles in New York and California18

The total energy-related emissions of Venezuela19

Top 50 Polluting

Power Plants656 124 20

Half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States20

The total energy-related emission of Texas21

Top 100 Polluting

Power Plants1052 199 32

The emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States22

The pollution produced by electricity use in all US homes in a year23

Information Administration (EIA)26 Coal plants are not designed to last much longer than 30 years but coal companies routinely renovate these plants to extend their lifetimes27 Still many of these plants are ine$cient to operate so power providers run them at only a fraction of their full capacity or for shorter periods of time which results in a lower ldquocapacity factorrdquo (the ratio of a power plantrsquos actual output compared to its full capacity) for the oldest and dirtiest plants In 2009 the average capacity factor for the whole US coal eet was 64 percent with about 40 percent reporting capacity factors below 30 percent28

Although many coal plants today are underutilized because of their age and ine$ciency they remain

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 13

among the worst contributors to global warming pollution For example coal-red power plants were responsible for nearly 80 percent of the global warming pollution produced by electric power plants in 2011 even though they pro-duced only 42 percent of the nationrsquos electricity29 The 50 dirtiest plants produced 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions but only 16 percent of electricity nationwide in 201130 In some states this imbalance is even more ex-treme (See Figure 3)

Figure 3 Share of Statewide Power-Sector Emissions vs Share of Electricity Generation for Top 5 Emitters in 20 States31

81

82

83

85

88

88

89

89

90

91

92

93

93

94

96

96

97

99

99

100

22

11

40

46

35

60

44

46

78

69

8

65

50

23

52

48

3

53

49

46

0 20 40 60 80 100

AZMETN

MNWA

KSWYORUTID

AKNDNE

NMMTVTNH

RIDESD

Top 5 Shareof TotalElectricityGeneration(2011)

Top 5 Shareof TotalPower-SectorEmissions(2011)

In some states emissions from a handful of the dirtiest power plants can exceed emissions from the rest of the economy including the industrial and transportation sectors For example in ve states ndash Wyoming Montana North Dakota West Virginia and New Mexico ndash the ve dirtiest power plants are responsible for about half of total state-wide energy-related emissions and in 31 states these top polluters are responsible for at least one-quarter of statewide energy-related emis-sions (See Table 2 and Table A-3 in the Appendix)

14 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table 2 Emissions of Top 5 Polluting Plants as a Share of Power-Sector and Statewide Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions in 50 States 201132

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Wyoming 381 89 59Montana 161 96 55

North Dakota 271 93 52West Virginia 493 69 52New Mexico 291 94 50

Utah 306 90 49Arizona 430 81 46

Nebraska 247 93 45Arkansas 320 92 45

Kansas 308 88 41Alabama 481 63 36Delaware 39 99 36

North Carolina 430 71 36Missouri 501 62 35Georgia 521 76 34

Iowa 297 75 34Kentucky 504 54 34

South Carolina 263 70 34Tennessee 344 83 34Oklahoma 350 69 32

Hawaii 56 77 31New Hampshire 49 97 31

Wisconsin 291 67 29Maryland 186 80 28

Nevada 93 64 28Colorado 262 67 28

Rhode Island 35 99 28Michigan 428 64 27

Indiana 587 52 27Minnesota 263 85 27Mississippi 141 61 25

Ohio 547 50 24South Dakota 29 100 23Pennsylvania 557 48 22

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 15

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Oregon 59 89 22Illinois 440 46 19

Virginia 168 60 19Florida 417 37 18

Massachusetts 105 66 16Connecticut 59 75 16Washington 67 88 15

Louisiana 350 61 12Maine 28 82 11Texas 746 30 10

New Jersey 99 64 10New York 110 32 7

Alaska 28 75 6Idaho 04 91 4

California 75 19 2Vermont 00 96 0

Despite the large contribution of fossil fuel-red power plants to US global warming emissions neither these highly polluting plants nor proposed new power plants face any federal regulations limit-ing emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse

gases As a result these power plants have emitted carbon dioxide pollution unchecked for decades and there is no guarantee that new power plants will be built in ways that minimize their contribution to global warming

Table 2 (continued)

16 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming

Global warming threatens our health our safety and our environment Rising global average temperatures and other climate

impacts have already resulted in extreme precipita-tion events and heat waves in the United States and climate science tells us that global warming will likely lead to further changes in weather extremes34 Extreme weather events such as Hurricane Sandy extended droughts heat waves and oods caused by heavy precipitation are likely to become more common in a warming world35 At the same time global warming-induced sea-level rise changes in summer and winter precipitation patterns and eco-system changes could reduce the ability of natural and man-made systems to withstand even normal weather events

To avoid the worst impacts of global warming worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants will have to peak roughly three years from now and then decline quickly and dramatically ndash dropping by more than 50 percent by 205036 In the United States addressing this chal-lenge means cleaning up our biggest sources of global warming pollution ndash especially dirty power plants which are responsible for more than 40 per-cent of our emissions of carbon dioxide each year37

A handful of exceptionally dirty power plants are the worst contributors to this problem By focusing on cleaning up power plants ndash our countryrsquos largest single source of carbon pollution ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power

plants in the United States America can make a meaningful dierence in preventing the worst im-pacts of global warming

e US must act now to prevent the worst impacts of global warmingIn 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ndash the worldrsquos foremost scientic authority on the subject ndash concluded that ldquowarm-ing of the climate system is unequivocalrdquo and that ldquo[m]ost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropo-genic [greenhouse gas] concentrationsrdquo38 In 2013 in a draft of its upcoming Fifth Assessment Report on climate change the IPCC strengthened this asser-tion citing ldquonear certaintyrdquo that global warming is human-caused and suggesting that seas could rise by as much as three feet by the end of the century if greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated39

Clear signs of global warming have already begun to emerge

Global average sea and air temperatures in 2010 were tied for the hottest on record according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-istration (NOAA)40 2001 to 2010 was the hottest decade on record with average temperatures estimated to be 083˚F hotter than the 1961-1990 norm41 2010 was also the wettest year on record based on global average precipitation42

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 17

Oceans have absorbed 80 percent of the extra heat in the climate system causing ocean water to expand43 Coupled with melting glaciers this has caused sea levels to rise by about eight inches ndash with the rate of increase accelerating44

Hurricanes have become more intense and the frequency of extreme rain and snowstorms has increased45

At the same time droughts in many parts of the world have become longer and more severe especially in the tropics and subtropics46

In the United States warmer average annual temperatures are connected to increases in extreme precipitation and more intense heat waves Furthermore the US has experienced an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events including oods prolonged drought more intense wildres and stronger tropi-cal storms and hurricanes47

The more global warming pollution that humanity emits the more serious the consequences And the changes will be largely irreversible for a thousand years after emissions stop48

On our current emissions path humanity risks in-creasing the average global temperature by 4degC (72degF) or more (above the pre-industrial era) by the end of this century even if current emission reduc-tion commitments and pledges are met according to a 2012 report by the World Bank49 Warming on this scale would have catastrophic consequences includ-ing

Sea level rise of as much as 3 feet in the next century causing extensive coastal inundation and increasing the risk of storm surge ooding in major coastal cities50 By 2300 global mean sea levels could rise as high as 13 feet above present-day levels51

A 150 percent increase in ocean acidity above pre-industrial levels resulting in wide-ranging negative impacts on marine species and ecosys-tems with particularly severe damage to coral reefs and sheries52

An increase of 20-30 percent in the amount of precipitation falling during heavy rainstorms increasing the risk of major ooding events in many parts of the world53

Increasing aridity drought and extreme tempera-tures in Africa southern Europe and the Middle East and most of the Americas Australia and Southeast Asia54

Global Warming Endangers Public HealthHotter temperatures bring about numerous threats to public health High temperatures combine with sunlight nitrogen oxides and volatile organic com-pounds to create ozone ldquosmogrdquo which damages the respiratory system reduces lung function and aggravates asthma and other respiratory diseases55 The Union of Concerned Scientists estimates that by 2020 students in the United States could experience more than 900000 additional missed school days and seniors and infants could experience more than 5000 additional hospitalizations due to increases of ozone smog exposure that result from the higher temperatures caused by global warming56 Higher temperatures will also allow pollen allergens such as ragweed to proliferate causing those who suf-fer from seasonal allergies to experience worsening symptoms such as hay fever and asthma57

Global warming can also be expected to increase the number of deaths caused by heat stress58 Exces-sive heat events happen when high temperatures combine with other weather conditions ndash such as dew point temperature cloud cover wind speed and surface atmospheric pressure throughout the day ndash

18 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

and contribute to heat-related deaths in a particular location59 According to a 2012 study by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) excessive heat events caused by global warming could kill up to 150000 people in Americarsquos 40 largest cities by the end of the century60

Higher temperatures may also change the patterns of occurrence of various infectious diseases A 2009 study for example found a correlation between warmer temperatures and increased reports of infec-tion by West Nile Virus61 Global warming may also increase the risk of more frequent and more wide-spread outbreaks of waterborne illnesses by allow-ing warm-water pathogens to expand into cooler climates or by exposing more urban water bodies to sewage contamination after ooding caused by major precipitation events according to NRDC62

Increases in droughts and ooding caused by global warming can also reduce water available for drinking or for irrigation they can also harm crops directly diminishing food variety nutritional content and availability all of which can contribute to malnutri-tion and the spread of disease63 Finally sea-level rise and disasters such as strong storms and oods can damage urban infrastructure and displace existing communities64

Global warming pollutants are not the only emis-sions from power plants that harm human health For example in 2010 two-thirds of all airborne mercury pollution in the United States came from the smokestacks of coal-red power plants65 Mercury is a potent neurotoxicant and exposure to mercury during critical periods of brain development can contribute to irreversible decits in verbal skills dam-age to attention and motor control and reduced IQ66 Coal- and natural gas-red power plants also emit nitrogen oxides (NOX) which exacerbate ozone smog pollution as well as other pollutants that contrib-ute to particulate matter and acid rain Like smog particulate matter pollution contributes to a host of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments67 Sulfur

dioxide too is a respiratory irritant for sensitive populations68 In addition it is a major component of acid rain that has damaged forests across the eastern United States69

Cleaning Up US Power Plants Would Cut Carbon Pollution at a Global ScaleHumanity as a whole must limit emissions to no more than 1 trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide from 2000 through 2050 in order to have a 75 percent chance of limiting the global temperature increase to 36deg F (2deg C) above the pre-industrial era ndash a target the international community has set to limit the most severe global warming impacts70 For the world this means that emissions will need to peak by 2015 and decline by more than half by 2050 to have a chance at preventing the worst impacts of climate change71 For the United States and other developed countries emission reductions must occur more quickly and more steeply with reductions of at least 25 to 40 per-cent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 to 95 percent by 205072

As of 2011 annual US greenhouse gas emissions were still 10 percent above 1990 levels73 The annual emissions from a small group of the nationrsquos dirti-est power plants are greatly hindering our ability to meet the emissions reduction targets necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming Replac-ing these power plants with zero-emission energy sources such as wind and solar power or eliminating the need for the power they produce through en-ergy e$ciency and conservation would reduce US greenhouse gas emissions to 11 percent below 1990 levels even in the absence of other eorts to reduce emissions74

Limiting carbon dioxide pollution from new and ex-isting power plants is one of the most eective ways to reduce US global warming pollution in the short run and for decades to come reducing the risk that

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 19

emissions will reach a level that triggers dangerous irreversible climate change impacts

Adopting federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution from power plants as part of a suite of policies to reduce global warming pollution at all levels of gov-ernment would help the United States achieve 2020 emissions reduction targets ndash even in the absence of a federal economy-wide cap on carbon pollu-tion For example Environment America Research amp Policy Centerrsquos 2011 report The Way Forward on Global Warming demonstrated that with a suite of

local state and federal policies to increase energy e$ciency deploy clean energy technologies and improve public transportation the United States could curb emissions of carbon dioxide from en-ergy use by as much as 35 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 20 percent below 1990 levels by 203075 A nationwide cap on carbon pollution from all sources ndash not just power plants ndash would al-low the United States to make the remaining emis-sions reductions necessary to prevent the worst impacts of global warming

20 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants

The unprecedented threat that global warm-ing poses to our health our safety and our environment demands that the United

States takes urgent action to reduce emissions of global warming pollution However US power plants currently face no federal limits on the amount of carbon dioxide pollution they can emit

Given the enormous share of global warming pollu-tion contributed by US power plants limiting car-bon dioxide emissions from both new and existing power plants must be a key part of any strategy to reduce US global warming emissions Fortunately the rst steps toward setting these standards are already being taken On June 25 2013 President Obama announced his plan to address global warm-ing through executive action using existing statu-tory authority and funds76 The two most important elements of this plan are nalizing carbon emissions standards for new power plants and directing the EPA to quickly propose and implement a limit on existing plants77

The EPA proposed a limit on new power plants in March 2012 Since then the EPA has received more than 32 million public comments supporting limiting carbon pollution from power plants and President Obama has asked the EPA to re-propose a carbon pollution standard for new power plants by September 20 201378

The originally proposed limit restricts global warm-ing pollution for facilities 25 megawatts (MW) or

larger to 1000 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity they produce79 According to the EPA this standard was based on commonly used combined-cycle natural gas power plants ndash a standard that new coal plants are highly unlikely to meet80 Existing coal plants produce an average of 2180 lbs CO2MWh with the worst plants producing more than 3000 lbs CO2MWh81

The EPA has yet to propose a standard for existing power plants a large portion of which are aging coal-red plants However the president has directed the EPA to propose and submit carbon pollution limits for existing plants by June 2014 and to nalize those limits the following year82 (See ldquoThe Long Road to Carbon Pollution Limitsrdquo on page 21)

Some states already limit carbon pollution from pow-er plants California has an economy-wide cap on car-bon dioxide emissions and nine states from Maine to Maryland participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) which caps pollution from power plants in the Northeast Once nalized the EPArsquos carbon pollution limits for all new power plants nationwide would go a long way toward reducing future US global warming pollution However the agency must also move quickly to establish strong federal standards for existing power plants ndash and force the nationrsquos largest sources of carbon pollution to clean up

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 21

e Long Road to Carbon Pollution LimitsThe Obama administrationrsquos recent actions indicating progress toward carbon dioxide pollution from power plants are the culmination of a 14-year campaign to clean up the nationrsquos power plants In 1999 one year after the EPA declined to include carbon dioxide pollution limits in new vehicle emissions standards 19 environmental and public interest groups petitioned the EPA to classify carbon dioxide as an air pollutant subject to the Clean Air Act regulation83 They cited car-bon dioxidersquos contribution to global warming ndash which threatens human health and the environ-ment ndash as rationale for regulation84

In 2003 the EPA released an o$cial statement that it did not believe the Act authorized the EPA to regulate global warming pollution and that even if it did authorize regulating greenhouse gases the EPA objected to doing so on policy grounds85 However the US Supreme Court dis-agreed with the EPA in 2007 ruling with several states and environmental groups that the EPA does indeed have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases and that its policy objections were insu$cient to decline to regulate86 The court also directed the EPA to determine if greenhouse gases contribute to global warming and if so whether global warming endangered public health and welfare87 By the end of 2009 the EPA o$cially determined that emissions of carbon dioxide endanger public health and welfare by contributing to global warming88

In December 2010 the EPA announced its plan to release new performance standards and manda-tory emissions guidelines for all new fossil fuel-red power plants89 The EPA proposed an interim carbon pollution standard for new power plants in April 2012 that is in eect until a rule can be nalized90 This step set the rst-ever national limits on the amount of carbon pollution power plants can emit91

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

3Au

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

Che

naAu

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

034

4N

orth

Pol

eG

olde

n Va

lley

Elec

Ass

n In

c0

30

5H

ealy

Gol

den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

ama

Pow

er C

o7

33

4W

idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

06

5C

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rtTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

Ente

rgy

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nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

Ene

rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

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ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

2

79

AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t15

92

430

81

57

46

2Sp

ringe

rvill

eTu

cson

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

o11

45

3C

holla

Ariz

ona

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ic S

ervi

ce C

o7

45

4C

oron

ado

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

75

19

12

2

2D

elta

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Del

ta E

nerg

y C

ente

r LL

C1

64

3H

ayne

sLo

s An

gele

s D

epar

tmen

t of

Wat

er amp

Pow

er1

49

4C

osum

nes

Sacr

amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

5El

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o7

21

3C

hero

kee

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o4

01

4Pa

wne

ePu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

305

5H

ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

2M

ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

Pow

er C

o L

LC1

54

3Br

idge

port

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

Brid

gepo

rt E

nerg

y L

LC1

08

4Kl

een

Ener

gy S

yste

ms

Proj

ect

Klee

n En

ergy

Sys

tem

s L

LC0

70

5Br

idge

port

Sta

tion

PSEG

Pow

er C

onne

ctic

ut L

LC0

53

DC

1Be

nnin

gPo

tom

ac P

ower

Res

ourc

es0

110

210

06

6

2U

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

nU

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

n0

05

3Bu

zzar

d Po

int

Poto

mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

DE

1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

Pow

er P

ark

JEA

655

GA

1Sc

here

rG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

213

252

176

46

34

2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o14

24

3W

ansle

yG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

719

4H

arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

Rath

drum

Pow

er L

LCRa

thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

003

4Ru

pert

Cog

en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

Ope

ratio

ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

Cle

arw

ater

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er C

orpo

ratio

n0

02

IL1

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win

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rgy

Com

plex

Dyn

egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

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rgy

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erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

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son

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e En

ergy

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ana

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169

558

752

52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

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anap

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er amp

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ht C

o10

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4R

M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

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01

3Br

ame

Ener

gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

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01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

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On

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ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

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nt L

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n C

halk

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nt L

LC3

79

4H

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rt A

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ner

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n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

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ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

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pend

ence

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tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

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tes

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ford

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er0

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5An

dros

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in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

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r An

dros

cogg

in L

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15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

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163

942

864

42

27

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H C

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sum

ers

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3Be

lle R

iver

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roit

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n C

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91

4St

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irD

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ison

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654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

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ison

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376

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1Sh

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nty

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ther

n St

ates

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er C

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neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

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ell

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neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

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ing

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ther

n St

ates

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er C

o ndash

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neso

ta3

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4Bl

ack

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orth

ern

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es P

ower

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ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

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r En

ergy

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ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

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120

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nion

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ndash (

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62

56

35

2Ia

tan

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as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

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3Th

omas

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lect

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oop

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4Ru

sh Is

land

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on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

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ew M

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Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

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42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 13: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

12 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

e Dirtiest Power Plants Are Old and InecientCoal-red power plants are among the biggest sources of carbon dioxide pollution in the electric power sector24 In fact 98 of the nationrsquos 100 most-polluting power plants in terms of total carbon di-oxide emissions are coal plants among the top 500 317 (63 percent) are coal plants25 The remainder are older oil and gas-red power plants (See Table A-2 in Appendix)

Most of the nationrsquos coal plants are old and inef-cient About 74 percent of US coal plants were at least 30 years old at the end of 2012 and about half were 40 to 60 years old according to the Energy

Table 1 Emissions Equivalencies for the Nationrsquos Top Emitters of Global Warming Pollution15

Total 2011 Emissions

(Million Metric Tons of Carbon

Dioxide)

Percent of Total US Carbon

Dioxide Emissions

Percent of Global Carbon

Dioxide Emissions from

Energy UseThese Plants Produce Carbon Dioxide

Greater Than or Equivalent Tohellip

Top Polluting Plant (Scherer

Power Plant GA)

21 04 01

The total energy-related emissions of Maine16

The pollution produced by electricity use in all New England homes in a year17

Top 10 Polluting

Power Plants 179 34 05

The pollution emitted by all the passen-ger vehicles in New York and California18

The total energy-related emissions of Venezuela19

Top 50 Polluting

Power Plants656 124 20

Half the emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States20

The total energy-related emission of Texas21

Top 100 Polluting

Power Plants1052 199 32

The emissions of all passenger vehicles in the United States22

The pollution produced by electricity use in all US homes in a year23

Information Administration (EIA)26 Coal plants are not designed to last much longer than 30 years but coal companies routinely renovate these plants to extend their lifetimes27 Still many of these plants are ine$cient to operate so power providers run them at only a fraction of their full capacity or for shorter periods of time which results in a lower ldquocapacity factorrdquo (the ratio of a power plantrsquos actual output compared to its full capacity) for the oldest and dirtiest plants In 2009 the average capacity factor for the whole US coal eet was 64 percent with about 40 percent reporting capacity factors below 30 percent28

Although many coal plants today are underutilized because of their age and ine$ciency they remain

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 13

among the worst contributors to global warming pollution For example coal-red power plants were responsible for nearly 80 percent of the global warming pollution produced by electric power plants in 2011 even though they pro-duced only 42 percent of the nationrsquos electricity29 The 50 dirtiest plants produced 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions but only 16 percent of electricity nationwide in 201130 In some states this imbalance is even more ex-treme (See Figure 3)

Figure 3 Share of Statewide Power-Sector Emissions vs Share of Electricity Generation for Top 5 Emitters in 20 States31

81

82

83

85

88

88

89

89

90

91

92

93

93

94

96

96

97

99

99

100

22

11

40

46

35

60

44

46

78

69

8

65

50

23

52

48

3

53

49

46

0 20 40 60 80 100

AZMETN

MNWA

KSWYORUTID

AKNDNE

NMMTVTNH

RIDESD

Top 5 Shareof TotalElectricityGeneration(2011)

Top 5 Shareof TotalPower-SectorEmissions(2011)

In some states emissions from a handful of the dirtiest power plants can exceed emissions from the rest of the economy including the industrial and transportation sectors For example in ve states ndash Wyoming Montana North Dakota West Virginia and New Mexico ndash the ve dirtiest power plants are responsible for about half of total state-wide energy-related emissions and in 31 states these top polluters are responsible for at least one-quarter of statewide energy-related emis-sions (See Table 2 and Table A-3 in the Appendix)

14 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table 2 Emissions of Top 5 Polluting Plants as a Share of Power-Sector and Statewide Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions in 50 States 201132

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Wyoming 381 89 59Montana 161 96 55

North Dakota 271 93 52West Virginia 493 69 52New Mexico 291 94 50

Utah 306 90 49Arizona 430 81 46

Nebraska 247 93 45Arkansas 320 92 45

Kansas 308 88 41Alabama 481 63 36Delaware 39 99 36

North Carolina 430 71 36Missouri 501 62 35Georgia 521 76 34

Iowa 297 75 34Kentucky 504 54 34

South Carolina 263 70 34Tennessee 344 83 34Oklahoma 350 69 32

Hawaii 56 77 31New Hampshire 49 97 31

Wisconsin 291 67 29Maryland 186 80 28

Nevada 93 64 28Colorado 262 67 28

Rhode Island 35 99 28Michigan 428 64 27

Indiana 587 52 27Minnesota 263 85 27Mississippi 141 61 25

Ohio 547 50 24South Dakota 29 100 23Pennsylvania 557 48 22

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 15

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Oregon 59 89 22Illinois 440 46 19

Virginia 168 60 19Florida 417 37 18

Massachusetts 105 66 16Connecticut 59 75 16Washington 67 88 15

Louisiana 350 61 12Maine 28 82 11Texas 746 30 10

New Jersey 99 64 10New York 110 32 7

Alaska 28 75 6Idaho 04 91 4

California 75 19 2Vermont 00 96 0

Despite the large contribution of fossil fuel-red power plants to US global warming emissions neither these highly polluting plants nor proposed new power plants face any federal regulations limit-ing emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse

gases As a result these power plants have emitted carbon dioxide pollution unchecked for decades and there is no guarantee that new power plants will be built in ways that minimize their contribution to global warming

Table 2 (continued)

16 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming

Global warming threatens our health our safety and our environment Rising global average temperatures and other climate

impacts have already resulted in extreme precipita-tion events and heat waves in the United States and climate science tells us that global warming will likely lead to further changes in weather extremes34 Extreme weather events such as Hurricane Sandy extended droughts heat waves and oods caused by heavy precipitation are likely to become more common in a warming world35 At the same time global warming-induced sea-level rise changes in summer and winter precipitation patterns and eco-system changes could reduce the ability of natural and man-made systems to withstand even normal weather events

To avoid the worst impacts of global warming worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants will have to peak roughly three years from now and then decline quickly and dramatically ndash dropping by more than 50 percent by 205036 In the United States addressing this chal-lenge means cleaning up our biggest sources of global warming pollution ndash especially dirty power plants which are responsible for more than 40 per-cent of our emissions of carbon dioxide each year37

A handful of exceptionally dirty power plants are the worst contributors to this problem By focusing on cleaning up power plants ndash our countryrsquos largest single source of carbon pollution ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power

plants in the United States America can make a meaningful dierence in preventing the worst im-pacts of global warming

e US must act now to prevent the worst impacts of global warmingIn 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ndash the worldrsquos foremost scientic authority on the subject ndash concluded that ldquowarm-ing of the climate system is unequivocalrdquo and that ldquo[m]ost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropo-genic [greenhouse gas] concentrationsrdquo38 In 2013 in a draft of its upcoming Fifth Assessment Report on climate change the IPCC strengthened this asser-tion citing ldquonear certaintyrdquo that global warming is human-caused and suggesting that seas could rise by as much as three feet by the end of the century if greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated39

Clear signs of global warming have already begun to emerge

Global average sea and air temperatures in 2010 were tied for the hottest on record according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-istration (NOAA)40 2001 to 2010 was the hottest decade on record with average temperatures estimated to be 083˚F hotter than the 1961-1990 norm41 2010 was also the wettest year on record based on global average precipitation42

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 17

Oceans have absorbed 80 percent of the extra heat in the climate system causing ocean water to expand43 Coupled with melting glaciers this has caused sea levels to rise by about eight inches ndash with the rate of increase accelerating44

Hurricanes have become more intense and the frequency of extreme rain and snowstorms has increased45

At the same time droughts in many parts of the world have become longer and more severe especially in the tropics and subtropics46

In the United States warmer average annual temperatures are connected to increases in extreme precipitation and more intense heat waves Furthermore the US has experienced an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events including oods prolonged drought more intense wildres and stronger tropi-cal storms and hurricanes47

The more global warming pollution that humanity emits the more serious the consequences And the changes will be largely irreversible for a thousand years after emissions stop48

On our current emissions path humanity risks in-creasing the average global temperature by 4degC (72degF) or more (above the pre-industrial era) by the end of this century even if current emission reduc-tion commitments and pledges are met according to a 2012 report by the World Bank49 Warming on this scale would have catastrophic consequences includ-ing

Sea level rise of as much as 3 feet in the next century causing extensive coastal inundation and increasing the risk of storm surge ooding in major coastal cities50 By 2300 global mean sea levels could rise as high as 13 feet above present-day levels51

A 150 percent increase in ocean acidity above pre-industrial levels resulting in wide-ranging negative impacts on marine species and ecosys-tems with particularly severe damage to coral reefs and sheries52

An increase of 20-30 percent in the amount of precipitation falling during heavy rainstorms increasing the risk of major ooding events in many parts of the world53

Increasing aridity drought and extreme tempera-tures in Africa southern Europe and the Middle East and most of the Americas Australia and Southeast Asia54

Global Warming Endangers Public HealthHotter temperatures bring about numerous threats to public health High temperatures combine with sunlight nitrogen oxides and volatile organic com-pounds to create ozone ldquosmogrdquo which damages the respiratory system reduces lung function and aggravates asthma and other respiratory diseases55 The Union of Concerned Scientists estimates that by 2020 students in the United States could experience more than 900000 additional missed school days and seniors and infants could experience more than 5000 additional hospitalizations due to increases of ozone smog exposure that result from the higher temperatures caused by global warming56 Higher temperatures will also allow pollen allergens such as ragweed to proliferate causing those who suf-fer from seasonal allergies to experience worsening symptoms such as hay fever and asthma57

Global warming can also be expected to increase the number of deaths caused by heat stress58 Exces-sive heat events happen when high temperatures combine with other weather conditions ndash such as dew point temperature cloud cover wind speed and surface atmospheric pressure throughout the day ndash

18 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

and contribute to heat-related deaths in a particular location59 According to a 2012 study by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) excessive heat events caused by global warming could kill up to 150000 people in Americarsquos 40 largest cities by the end of the century60

Higher temperatures may also change the patterns of occurrence of various infectious diseases A 2009 study for example found a correlation between warmer temperatures and increased reports of infec-tion by West Nile Virus61 Global warming may also increase the risk of more frequent and more wide-spread outbreaks of waterborne illnesses by allow-ing warm-water pathogens to expand into cooler climates or by exposing more urban water bodies to sewage contamination after ooding caused by major precipitation events according to NRDC62

Increases in droughts and ooding caused by global warming can also reduce water available for drinking or for irrigation they can also harm crops directly diminishing food variety nutritional content and availability all of which can contribute to malnutri-tion and the spread of disease63 Finally sea-level rise and disasters such as strong storms and oods can damage urban infrastructure and displace existing communities64

Global warming pollutants are not the only emis-sions from power plants that harm human health For example in 2010 two-thirds of all airborne mercury pollution in the United States came from the smokestacks of coal-red power plants65 Mercury is a potent neurotoxicant and exposure to mercury during critical periods of brain development can contribute to irreversible decits in verbal skills dam-age to attention and motor control and reduced IQ66 Coal- and natural gas-red power plants also emit nitrogen oxides (NOX) which exacerbate ozone smog pollution as well as other pollutants that contrib-ute to particulate matter and acid rain Like smog particulate matter pollution contributes to a host of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments67 Sulfur

dioxide too is a respiratory irritant for sensitive populations68 In addition it is a major component of acid rain that has damaged forests across the eastern United States69

Cleaning Up US Power Plants Would Cut Carbon Pollution at a Global ScaleHumanity as a whole must limit emissions to no more than 1 trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide from 2000 through 2050 in order to have a 75 percent chance of limiting the global temperature increase to 36deg F (2deg C) above the pre-industrial era ndash a target the international community has set to limit the most severe global warming impacts70 For the world this means that emissions will need to peak by 2015 and decline by more than half by 2050 to have a chance at preventing the worst impacts of climate change71 For the United States and other developed countries emission reductions must occur more quickly and more steeply with reductions of at least 25 to 40 per-cent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 to 95 percent by 205072

As of 2011 annual US greenhouse gas emissions were still 10 percent above 1990 levels73 The annual emissions from a small group of the nationrsquos dirti-est power plants are greatly hindering our ability to meet the emissions reduction targets necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming Replac-ing these power plants with zero-emission energy sources such as wind and solar power or eliminating the need for the power they produce through en-ergy e$ciency and conservation would reduce US greenhouse gas emissions to 11 percent below 1990 levels even in the absence of other eorts to reduce emissions74

Limiting carbon dioxide pollution from new and ex-isting power plants is one of the most eective ways to reduce US global warming pollution in the short run and for decades to come reducing the risk that

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 19

emissions will reach a level that triggers dangerous irreversible climate change impacts

Adopting federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution from power plants as part of a suite of policies to reduce global warming pollution at all levels of gov-ernment would help the United States achieve 2020 emissions reduction targets ndash even in the absence of a federal economy-wide cap on carbon pollu-tion For example Environment America Research amp Policy Centerrsquos 2011 report The Way Forward on Global Warming demonstrated that with a suite of

local state and federal policies to increase energy e$ciency deploy clean energy technologies and improve public transportation the United States could curb emissions of carbon dioxide from en-ergy use by as much as 35 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 20 percent below 1990 levels by 203075 A nationwide cap on carbon pollution from all sources ndash not just power plants ndash would al-low the United States to make the remaining emis-sions reductions necessary to prevent the worst impacts of global warming

20 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants

The unprecedented threat that global warm-ing poses to our health our safety and our environment demands that the United

States takes urgent action to reduce emissions of global warming pollution However US power plants currently face no federal limits on the amount of carbon dioxide pollution they can emit

Given the enormous share of global warming pollu-tion contributed by US power plants limiting car-bon dioxide emissions from both new and existing power plants must be a key part of any strategy to reduce US global warming emissions Fortunately the rst steps toward setting these standards are already being taken On June 25 2013 President Obama announced his plan to address global warm-ing through executive action using existing statu-tory authority and funds76 The two most important elements of this plan are nalizing carbon emissions standards for new power plants and directing the EPA to quickly propose and implement a limit on existing plants77

The EPA proposed a limit on new power plants in March 2012 Since then the EPA has received more than 32 million public comments supporting limiting carbon pollution from power plants and President Obama has asked the EPA to re-propose a carbon pollution standard for new power plants by September 20 201378

The originally proposed limit restricts global warm-ing pollution for facilities 25 megawatts (MW) or

larger to 1000 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity they produce79 According to the EPA this standard was based on commonly used combined-cycle natural gas power plants ndash a standard that new coal plants are highly unlikely to meet80 Existing coal plants produce an average of 2180 lbs CO2MWh with the worst plants producing more than 3000 lbs CO2MWh81

The EPA has yet to propose a standard for existing power plants a large portion of which are aging coal-red plants However the president has directed the EPA to propose and submit carbon pollution limits for existing plants by June 2014 and to nalize those limits the following year82 (See ldquoThe Long Road to Carbon Pollution Limitsrdquo on page 21)

Some states already limit carbon pollution from pow-er plants California has an economy-wide cap on car-bon dioxide emissions and nine states from Maine to Maryland participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) which caps pollution from power plants in the Northeast Once nalized the EPArsquos carbon pollution limits for all new power plants nationwide would go a long way toward reducing future US global warming pollution However the agency must also move quickly to establish strong federal standards for existing power plants ndash and force the nationrsquos largest sources of carbon pollution to clean up

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 21

e Long Road to Carbon Pollution LimitsThe Obama administrationrsquos recent actions indicating progress toward carbon dioxide pollution from power plants are the culmination of a 14-year campaign to clean up the nationrsquos power plants In 1999 one year after the EPA declined to include carbon dioxide pollution limits in new vehicle emissions standards 19 environmental and public interest groups petitioned the EPA to classify carbon dioxide as an air pollutant subject to the Clean Air Act regulation83 They cited car-bon dioxidersquos contribution to global warming ndash which threatens human health and the environ-ment ndash as rationale for regulation84

In 2003 the EPA released an o$cial statement that it did not believe the Act authorized the EPA to regulate global warming pollution and that even if it did authorize regulating greenhouse gases the EPA objected to doing so on policy grounds85 However the US Supreme Court dis-agreed with the EPA in 2007 ruling with several states and environmental groups that the EPA does indeed have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases and that its policy objections were insu$cient to decline to regulate86 The court also directed the EPA to determine if greenhouse gases contribute to global warming and if so whether global warming endangered public health and welfare87 By the end of 2009 the EPA o$cially determined that emissions of carbon dioxide endanger public health and welfare by contributing to global warming88

In December 2010 the EPA announced its plan to release new performance standards and manda-tory emissions guidelines for all new fossil fuel-red power plants89 The EPA proposed an interim carbon pollution standard for new power plants in April 2012 that is in eect until a rule can be nalized90 This step set the rst-ever national limits on the amount of carbon pollution power plants can emit91

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

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Inc

127

28

75

86

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livan

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erat

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Plan

t 2

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orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

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n In

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wer

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206

6

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63

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ence

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320

92

49

45

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ffEn

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y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

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rgy

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ion

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nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

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int

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ekSo

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rn E

lect

ric P

ower

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nion

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ic S

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r Pr

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t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

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1M

ount

ainv

iew

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erat

ing

Stat

ion

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hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

75

19

12

2

2D

elta

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rgy

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ter

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ta E

nerg

y C

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r LL

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ayne

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gele

s D

epar

tmen

t of

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er amp

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er1

49

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osum

nes

Sacr

amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

5El

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

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of C

olor

ado

305

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ayde

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vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

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ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

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er C

o L

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54

3Br

idge

port

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rgy

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ect

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gepo

rt E

nerg

y L

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08

4Kl

een

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gy S

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ms

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ect

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n En

ergy

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tem

s L

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70

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port

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tion

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onne

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ut L

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53

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nnin

gPo

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ac P

ower

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ourc

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06

6

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d Tr

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d Tr

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zzar

d Po

int

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mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

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1H

ay R

oad

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pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

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ter

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er L

LC0

11

FL1

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stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

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er P

ark

JEA

655

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here

rG

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ia P

ower

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213

252

176

46

34

2Bo

wen

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rgia

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o14

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ansle

yG

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719

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arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

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1

31

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aiia

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o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

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o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

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ntKa

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oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

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t Jr

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rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

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outh

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Amer

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Ene

rgy

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432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

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ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

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ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

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er L

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um O

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ices

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Inc

0

310

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4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

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005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

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003

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pert

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en P

roje

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roup

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5C

lear

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er P

aper

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ater

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plex

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t G

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n In

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83

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41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

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ME

LLC

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3Jo

ppa

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mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

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746

5Jo

liet

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erat

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EM

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e En

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ana

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169

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27

2Ro

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rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

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er C

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er amp

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ht C

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fer

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ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

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14

5C

lifty

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ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

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ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

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gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

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ity ndash

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50

KY1

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tiliti

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o12

72

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54

63

34

2Pa

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nnes

see

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y Au

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96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

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Co

905

4H

L S

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st K

entu

cky

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er C

oop

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891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

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y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

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un 2

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19

12

2R

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y G

ulf S

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gy C

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er L

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4D

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leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

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ntEn

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y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

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land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

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ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

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86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

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ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

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n Po

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s L

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28

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n G

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g Pl

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4H

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rt A

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n Po

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On

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ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

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rVe

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Buck

spor

t L

LC0

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aine

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pend

ence

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tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

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mfo

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ower

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ford

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er0

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in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

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r An

dros

cogg

in L

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onro

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it Ed

ison

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163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

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sum

ers

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o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

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91

4St

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irD

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654

5Tr

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n C

hann

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ison

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376

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1Sh

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nty

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ther

n St

ates

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er C

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neso

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11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

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ell

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neso

ta P

ower

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len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

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42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 14: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 13

among the worst contributors to global warming pollution For example coal-red power plants were responsible for nearly 80 percent of the global warming pollution produced by electric power plants in 2011 even though they pro-duced only 42 percent of the nationrsquos electricity29 The 50 dirtiest plants produced 30 percent of all power-sector carbon dioxide emissions but only 16 percent of electricity nationwide in 201130 In some states this imbalance is even more ex-treme (See Figure 3)

Figure 3 Share of Statewide Power-Sector Emissions vs Share of Electricity Generation for Top 5 Emitters in 20 States31

81

82

83

85

88

88

89

89

90

91

92

93

93

94

96

96

97

99

99

100

22

11

40

46

35

60

44

46

78

69

8

65

50

23

52

48

3

53

49

46

0 20 40 60 80 100

AZMETN

MNWA

KSWYORUTID

AKNDNE

NMMTVTNH

RIDESD

Top 5 Shareof TotalElectricityGeneration(2011)

Top 5 Shareof TotalPower-SectorEmissions(2011)

In some states emissions from a handful of the dirtiest power plants can exceed emissions from the rest of the economy including the industrial and transportation sectors For example in ve states ndash Wyoming Montana North Dakota West Virginia and New Mexico ndash the ve dirtiest power plants are responsible for about half of total state-wide energy-related emissions and in 31 states these top polluters are responsible for at least one-quarter of statewide energy-related emis-sions (See Table 2 and Table A-3 in the Appendix)

14 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table 2 Emissions of Top 5 Polluting Plants as a Share of Power-Sector and Statewide Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions in 50 States 201132

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Wyoming 381 89 59Montana 161 96 55

North Dakota 271 93 52West Virginia 493 69 52New Mexico 291 94 50

Utah 306 90 49Arizona 430 81 46

Nebraska 247 93 45Arkansas 320 92 45

Kansas 308 88 41Alabama 481 63 36Delaware 39 99 36

North Carolina 430 71 36Missouri 501 62 35Georgia 521 76 34

Iowa 297 75 34Kentucky 504 54 34

South Carolina 263 70 34Tennessee 344 83 34Oklahoma 350 69 32

Hawaii 56 77 31New Hampshire 49 97 31

Wisconsin 291 67 29Maryland 186 80 28

Nevada 93 64 28Colorado 262 67 28

Rhode Island 35 99 28Michigan 428 64 27

Indiana 587 52 27Minnesota 263 85 27Mississippi 141 61 25

Ohio 547 50 24South Dakota 29 100 23Pennsylvania 557 48 22

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 15

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Oregon 59 89 22Illinois 440 46 19

Virginia 168 60 19Florida 417 37 18

Massachusetts 105 66 16Connecticut 59 75 16Washington 67 88 15

Louisiana 350 61 12Maine 28 82 11Texas 746 30 10

New Jersey 99 64 10New York 110 32 7

Alaska 28 75 6Idaho 04 91 4

California 75 19 2Vermont 00 96 0

Despite the large contribution of fossil fuel-red power plants to US global warming emissions neither these highly polluting plants nor proposed new power plants face any federal regulations limit-ing emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse

gases As a result these power plants have emitted carbon dioxide pollution unchecked for decades and there is no guarantee that new power plants will be built in ways that minimize their contribution to global warming

Table 2 (continued)

16 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming

Global warming threatens our health our safety and our environment Rising global average temperatures and other climate

impacts have already resulted in extreme precipita-tion events and heat waves in the United States and climate science tells us that global warming will likely lead to further changes in weather extremes34 Extreme weather events such as Hurricane Sandy extended droughts heat waves and oods caused by heavy precipitation are likely to become more common in a warming world35 At the same time global warming-induced sea-level rise changes in summer and winter precipitation patterns and eco-system changes could reduce the ability of natural and man-made systems to withstand even normal weather events

To avoid the worst impacts of global warming worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants will have to peak roughly three years from now and then decline quickly and dramatically ndash dropping by more than 50 percent by 205036 In the United States addressing this chal-lenge means cleaning up our biggest sources of global warming pollution ndash especially dirty power plants which are responsible for more than 40 per-cent of our emissions of carbon dioxide each year37

A handful of exceptionally dirty power plants are the worst contributors to this problem By focusing on cleaning up power plants ndash our countryrsquos largest single source of carbon pollution ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power

plants in the United States America can make a meaningful dierence in preventing the worst im-pacts of global warming

e US must act now to prevent the worst impacts of global warmingIn 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ndash the worldrsquos foremost scientic authority on the subject ndash concluded that ldquowarm-ing of the climate system is unequivocalrdquo and that ldquo[m]ost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropo-genic [greenhouse gas] concentrationsrdquo38 In 2013 in a draft of its upcoming Fifth Assessment Report on climate change the IPCC strengthened this asser-tion citing ldquonear certaintyrdquo that global warming is human-caused and suggesting that seas could rise by as much as three feet by the end of the century if greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated39

Clear signs of global warming have already begun to emerge

Global average sea and air temperatures in 2010 were tied for the hottest on record according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-istration (NOAA)40 2001 to 2010 was the hottest decade on record with average temperatures estimated to be 083˚F hotter than the 1961-1990 norm41 2010 was also the wettest year on record based on global average precipitation42

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 17

Oceans have absorbed 80 percent of the extra heat in the climate system causing ocean water to expand43 Coupled with melting glaciers this has caused sea levels to rise by about eight inches ndash with the rate of increase accelerating44

Hurricanes have become more intense and the frequency of extreme rain and snowstorms has increased45

At the same time droughts in many parts of the world have become longer and more severe especially in the tropics and subtropics46

In the United States warmer average annual temperatures are connected to increases in extreme precipitation and more intense heat waves Furthermore the US has experienced an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events including oods prolonged drought more intense wildres and stronger tropi-cal storms and hurricanes47

The more global warming pollution that humanity emits the more serious the consequences And the changes will be largely irreversible for a thousand years after emissions stop48

On our current emissions path humanity risks in-creasing the average global temperature by 4degC (72degF) or more (above the pre-industrial era) by the end of this century even if current emission reduc-tion commitments and pledges are met according to a 2012 report by the World Bank49 Warming on this scale would have catastrophic consequences includ-ing

Sea level rise of as much as 3 feet in the next century causing extensive coastal inundation and increasing the risk of storm surge ooding in major coastal cities50 By 2300 global mean sea levels could rise as high as 13 feet above present-day levels51

A 150 percent increase in ocean acidity above pre-industrial levels resulting in wide-ranging negative impacts on marine species and ecosys-tems with particularly severe damage to coral reefs and sheries52

An increase of 20-30 percent in the amount of precipitation falling during heavy rainstorms increasing the risk of major ooding events in many parts of the world53

Increasing aridity drought and extreme tempera-tures in Africa southern Europe and the Middle East and most of the Americas Australia and Southeast Asia54

Global Warming Endangers Public HealthHotter temperatures bring about numerous threats to public health High temperatures combine with sunlight nitrogen oxides and volatile organic com-pounds to create ozone ldquosmogrdquo which damages the respiratory system reduces lung function and aggravates asthma and other respiratory diseases55 The Union of Concerned Scientists estimates that by 2020 students in the United States could experience more than 900000 additional missed school days and seniors and infants could experience more than 5000 additional hospitalizations due to increases of ozone smog exposure that result from the higher temperatures caused by global warming56 Higher temperatures will also allow pollen allergens such as ragweed to proliferate causing those who suf-fer from seasonal allergies to experience worsening symptoms such as hay fever and asthma57

Global warming can also be expected to increase the number of deaths caused by heat stress58 Exces-sive heat events happen when high temperatures combine with other weather conditions ndash such as dew point temperature cloud cover wind speed and surface atmospheric pressure throughout the day ndash

18 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

and contribute to heat-related deaths in a particular location59 According to a 2012 study by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) excessive heat events caused by global warming could kill up to 150000 people in Americarsquos 40 largest cities by the end of the century60

Higher temperatures may also change the patterns of occurrence of various infectious diseases A 2009 study for example found a correlation between warmer temperatures and increased reports of infec-tion by West Nile Virus61 Global warming may also increase the risk of more frequent and more wide-spread outbreaks of waterborne illnesses by allow-ing warm-water pathogens to expand into cooler climates or by exposing more urban water bodies to sewage contamination after ooding caused by major precipitation events according to NRDC62

Increases in droughts and ooding caused by global warming can also reduce water available for drinking or for irrigation they can also harm crops directly diminishing food variety nutritional content and availability all of which can contribute to malnutri-tion and the spread of disease63 Finally sea-level rise and disasters such as strong storms and oods can damage urban infrastructure and displace existing communities64

Global warming pollutants are not the only emis-sions from power plants that harm human health For example in 2010 two-thirds of all airborne mercury pollution in the United States came from the smokestacks of coal-red power plants65 Mercury is a potent neurotoxicant and exposure to mercury during critical periods of brain development can contribute to irreversible decits in verbal skills dam-age to attention and motor control and reduced IQ66 Coal- and natural gas-red power plants also emit nitrogen oxides (NOX) which exacerbate ozone smog pollution as well as other pollutants that contrib-ute to particulate matter and acid rain Like smog particulate matter pollution contributes to a host of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments67 Sulfur

dioxide too is a respiratory irritant for sensitive populations68 In addition it is a major component of acid rain that has damaged forests across the eastern United States69

Cleaning Up US Power Plants Would Cut Carbon Pollution at a Global ScaleHumanity as a whole must limit emissions to no more than 1 trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide from 2000 through 2050 in order to have a 75 percent chance of limiting the global temperature increase to 36deg F (2deg C) above the pre-industrial era ndash a target the international community has set to limit the most severe global warming impacts70 For the world this means that emissions will need to peak by 2015 and decline by more than half by 2050 to have a chance at preventing the worst impacts of climate change71 For the United States and other developed countries emission reductions must occur more quickly and more steeply with reductions of at least 25 to 40 per-cent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 to 95 percent by 205072

As of 2011 annual US greenhouse gas emissions were still 10 percent above 1990 levels73 The annual emissions from a small group of the nationrsquos dirti-est power plants are greatly hindering our ability to meet the emissions reduction targets necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming Replac-ing these power plants with zero-emission energy sources such as wind and solar power or eliminating the need for the power they produce through en-ergy e$ciency and conservation would reduce US greenhouse gas emissions to 11 percent below 1990 levels even in the absence of other eorts to reduce emissions74

Limiting carbon dioxide pollution from new and ex-isting power plants is one of the most eective ways to reduce US global warming pollution in the short run and for decades to come reducing the risk that

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 19

emissions will reach a level that triggers dangerous irreversible climate change impacts

Adopting federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution from power plants as part of a suite of policies to reduce global warming pollution at all levels of gov-ernment would help the United States achieve 2020 emissions reduction targets ndash even in the absence of a federal economy-wide cap on carbon pollu-tion For example Environment America Research amp Policy Centerrsquos 2011 report The Way Forward on Global Warming demonstrated that with a suite of

local state and federal policies to increase energy e$ciency deploy clean energy technologies and improve public transportation the United States could curb emissions of carbon dioxide from en-ergy use by as much as 35 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 20 percent below 1990 levels by 203075 A nationwide cap on carbon pollution from all sources ndash not just power plants ndash would al-low the United States to make the remaining emis-sions reductions necessary to prevent the worst impacts of global warming

20 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants

The unprecedented threat that global warm-ing poses to our health our safety and our environment demands that the United

States takes urgent action to reduce emissions of global warming pollution However US power plants currently face no federal limits on the amount of carbon dioxide pollution they can emit

Given the enormous share of global warming pollu-tion contributed by US power plants limiting car-bon dioxide emissions from both new and existing power plants must be a key part of any strategy to reduce US global warming emissions Fortunately the rst steps toward setting these standards are already being taken On June 25 2013 President Obama announced his plan to address global warm-ing through executive action using existing statu-tory authority and funds76 The two most important elements of this plan are nalizing carbon emissions standards for new power plants and directing the EPA to quickly propose and implement a limit on existing plants77

The EPA proposed a limit on new power plants in March 2012 Since then the EPA has received more than 32 million public comments supporting limiting carbon pollution from power plants and President Obama has asked the EPA to re-propose a carbon pollution standard for new power plants by September 20 201378

The originally proposed limit restricts global warm-ing pollution for facilities 25 megawatts (MW) or

larger to 1000 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity they produce79 According to the EPA this standard was based on commonly used combined-cycle natural gas power plants ndash a standard that new coal plants are highly unlikely to meet80 Existing coal plants produce an average of 2180 lbs CO2MWh with the worst plants producing more than 3000 lbs CO2MWh81

The EPA has yet to propose a standard for existing power plants a large portion of which are aging coal-red plants However the president has directed the EPA to propose and submit carbon pollution limits for existing plants by June 2014 and to nalize those limits the following year82 (See ldquoThe Long Road to Carbon Pollution Limitsrdquo on page 21)

Some states already limit carbon pollution from pow-er plants California has an economy-wide cap on car-bon dioxide emissions and nine states from Maine to Maryland participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) which caps pollution from power plants in the Northeast Once nalized the EPArsquos carbon pollution limits for all new power plants nationwide would go a long way toward reducing future US global warming pollution However the agency must also move quickly to establish strong federal standards for existing power plants ndash and force the nationrsquos largest sources of carbon pollution to clean up

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 21

e Long Road to Carbon Pollution LimitsThe Obama administrationrsquos recent actions indicating progress toward carbon dioxide pollution from power plants are the culmination of a 14-year campaign to clean up the nationrsquos power plants In 1999 one year after the EPA declined to include carbon dioxide pollution limits in new vehicle emissions standards 19 environmental and public interest groups petitioned the EPA to classify carbon dioxide as an air pollutant subject to the Clean Air Act regulation83 They cited car-bon dioxidersquos contribution to global warming ndash which threatens human health and the environ-ment ndash as rationale for regulation84

In 2003 the EPA released an o$cial statement that it did not believe the Act authorized the EPA to regulate global warming pollution and that even if it did authorize regulating greenhouse gases the EPA objected to doing so on policy grounds85 However the US Supreme Court dis-agreed with the EPA in 2007 ruling with several states and environmental groups that the EPA does indeed have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases and that its policy objections were insu$cient to decline to regulate86 The court also directed the EPA to determine if greenhouse gases contribute to global warming and if so whether global warming endangered public health and welfare87 By the end of 2009 the EPA o$cially determined that emissions of carbon dioxide endanger public health and welfare by contributing to global warming88

In December 2010 the EPA announced its plan to release new performance standards and manda-tory emissions guidelines for all new fossil fuel-red power plants89 The EPA proposed an interim carbon pollution standard for new power plants in April 2012 that is in eect until a rule can be nalized90 This step set the rst-ever national limits on the amount of carbon pollution power plants can emit91

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

3Au

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

Che

naAu

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

034

4N

orth

Pol

eG

olde

n Va

lley

Elec

Ass

n In

c0

30

5H

ealy

Gol

den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

ama

Pow

er C

o7

33

4W

idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

06

5C

olbe

rtTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

Ente

rgy

Arka

nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

Ene

rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

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ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

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er P

artn

ers

LP

U

nion

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er P

artn

ers

LP

2

79

AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t15

92

430

81

57

46

2Sp

ringe

rvill

eTu

cson

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

o11

45

3C

holla

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o7

45

4C

oron

ado

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

75

19

12

2

2D

elta

Ene

rgy

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ter

Del

ta E

nerg

y C

ente

r LL

C1

64

3H

ayne

sLo

s An

gele

s D

epar

tmen

t of

Wat

er amp

Pow

er1

49

4C

osum

nes

Sacr

amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

5El

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

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hero

kee

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ic S

ervi

ce C

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f Col

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o4

01

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wne

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blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

305

5H

ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

2M

ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

Pow

er C

o L

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54

3Br

idge

port

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rgy

Proj

ect

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gepo

rt E

nerg

y L

LC1

08

4Kl

een

Ener

gy S

yste

ms

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ect

Klee

n En

ergy

Sys

tem

s L

LC0

70

5Br

idge

port

Sta

tion

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er C

onne

ctic

ut L

LC0

53

DC

1Be

nnin

gPo

tom

ac P

ower

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ourc

es0

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06

6

2U

S G

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eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

nU

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eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

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3Bu

zzar

d Po

int

Poto

mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

DE

1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

Pow

er P

ark

JEA

655

GA

1Sc

here

rG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

213

252

176

46

34

2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o14

24

3W

ansle

yG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

719

4H

arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

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aiia

n El

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o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

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o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

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ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

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t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

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Pow

er L

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thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

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003

4Ru

pert

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en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

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ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

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arw

ater

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er C

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win

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rgy

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plex

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egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

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n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

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mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

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rgy

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erat

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Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

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erat

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EM

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e En

ergy

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ana

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169

558

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52

27

2Ro

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rtIn

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a M

ichi

gan

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er C

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3AE

S Pe

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er amp

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ht C

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chah

fer

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ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

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14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

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ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

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gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

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)1

50

KY1

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tiliti

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72

504

54

63

34

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radi

seTe

nnes

see

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y Au

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96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

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Co

905

4H

L S

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cky

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er C

oop

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891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

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un 2

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siana

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erat

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19

12

2R

S N

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nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

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ame

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er L

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4D

olet

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sC

leco

Pow

er L

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14

5N

ine

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ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

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Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

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4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

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ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

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n Po

wer

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s L

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28

2M

orga

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n G

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atin

g Pl

ant

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On

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ntic

LLC

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nt L

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n C

halk

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79

4H

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rt A

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n Po

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ding

s L

LC1

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5D

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Gen

On

Mid

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ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

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rso

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rVe

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Buck

spor

t L

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aine

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pend

ence

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tion

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co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

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ford

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nerg

y C

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rVe

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r An

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163

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42

27

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5Tr

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376

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nty

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ther

n St

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er C

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neso

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27

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lay

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neso

ta P

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ates

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er C

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4Bl

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ern

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es P

ower

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inne

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139

5Ta

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56

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ity P

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ight

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oop

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sh Is

land

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lect

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o ndash

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ew M

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ric C

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l Jr

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issip

pi P

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528

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61

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25

2Re

d H

ills

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onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

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42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 15: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

14 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table 2 Emissions of Top 5 Polluting Plants as a Share of Power-Sector and Statewide Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions in 50 States 201132

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Wyoming 381 89 59Montana 161 96 55

North Dakota 271 93 52West Virginia 493 69 52New Mexico 291 94 50

Utah 306 90 49Arizona 430 81 46

Nebraska 247 93 45Arkansas 320 92 45

Kansas 308 88 41Alabama 481 63 36Delaware 39 99 36

North Carolina 430 71 36Missouri 501 62 35Georgia 521 76 34

Iowa 297 75 34Kentucky 504 54 34

South Carolina 263 70 34Tennessee 344 83 34Oklahoma 350 69 32

Hawaii 56 77 31New Hampshire 49 97 31

Wisconsin 291 67 29Maryland 186 80 28

Nevada 93 64 28Colorado 262 67 28

Rhode Island 35 99 28Michigan 428 64 27

Indiana 587 52 27Minnesota 263 85 27Mississippi 141 61 25

Ohio 547 50 24South Dakota 29 100 23Pennsylvania 557 48 22

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 15

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Oregon 59 89 22Illinois 440 46 19

Virginia 168 60 19Florida 417 37 18

Massachusetts 105 66 16Connecticut 59 75 16Washington 67 88 15

Louisiana 350 61 12Maine 28 82 11Texas 746 30 10

New Jersey 99 64 10New York 110 32 7

Alaska 28 75 6Idaho 04 91 4

California 75 19 2Vermont 00 96 0

Despite the large contribution of fossil fuel-red power plants to US global warming emissions neither these highly polluting plants nor proposed new power plants face any federal regulations limit-ing emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse

gases As a result these power plants have emitted carbon dioxide pollution unchecked for decades and there is no guarantee that new power plants will be built in ways that minimize their contribution to global warming

Table 2 (continued)

16 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming

Global warming threatens our health our safety and our environment Rising global average temperatures and other climate

impacts have already resulted in extreme precipita-tion events and heat waves in the United States and climate science tells us that global warming will likely lead to further changes in weather extremes34 Extreme weather events such as Hurricane Sandy extended droughts heat waves and oods caused by heavy precipitation are likely to become more common in a warming world35 At the same time global warming-induced sea-level rise changes in summer and winter precipitation patterns and eco-system changes could reduce the ability of natural and man-made systems to withstand even normal weather events

To avoid the worst impacts of global warming worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants will have to peak roughly three years from now and then decline quickly and dramatically ndash dropping by more than 50 percent by 205036 In the United States addressing this chal-lenge means cleaning up our biggest sources of global warming pollution ndash especially dirty power plants which are responsible for more than 40 per-cent of our emissions of carbon dioxide each year37

A handful of exceptionally dirty power plants are the worst contributors to this problem By focusing on cleaning up power plants ndash our countryrsquos largest single source of carbon pollution ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power

plants in the United States America can make a meaningful dierence in preventing the worst im-pacts of global warming

e US must act now to prevent the worst impacts of global warmingIn 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ndash the worldrsquos foremost scientic authority on the subject ndash concluded that ldquowarm-ing of the climate system is unequivocalrdquo and that ldquo[m]ost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropo-genic [greenhouse gas] concentrationsrdquo38 In 2013 in a draft of its upcoming Fifth Assessment Report on climate change the IPCC strengthened this asser-tion citing ldquonear certaintyrdquo that global warming is human-caused and suggesting that seas could rise by as much as three feet by the end of the century if greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated39

Clear signs of global warming have already begun to emerge

Global average sea and air temperatures in 2010 were tied for the hottest on record according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-istration (NOAA)40 2001 to 2010 was the hottest decade on record with average temperatures estimated to be 083˚F hotter than the 1961-1990 norm41 2010 was also the wettest year on record based on global average precipitation42

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 17

Oceans have absorbed 80 percent of the extra heat in the climate system causing ocean water to expand43 Coupled with melting glaciers this has caused sea levels to rise by about eight inches ndash with the rate of increase accelerating44

Hurricanes have become more intense and the frequency of extreme rain and snowstorms has increased45

At the same time droughts in many parts of the world have become longer and more severe especially in the tropics and subtropics46

In the United States warmer average annual temperatures are connected to increases in extreme precipitation and more intense heat waves Furthermore the US has experienced an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events including oods prolonged drought more intense wildres and stronger tropi-cal storms and hurricanes47

The more global warming pollution that humanity emits the more serious the consequences And the changes will be largely irreversible for a thousand years after emissions stop48

On our current emissions path humanity risks in-creasing the average global temperature by 4degC (72degF) or more (above the pre-industrial era) by the end of this century even if current emission reduc-tion commitments and pledges are met according to a 2012 report by the World Bank49 Warming on this scale would have catastrophic consequences includ-ing

Sea level rise of as much as 3 feet in the next century causing extensive coastal inundation and increasing the risk of storm surge ooding in major coastal cities50 By 2300 global mean sea levels could rise as high as 13 feet above present-day levels51

A 150 percent increase in ocean acidity above pre-industrial levels resulting in wide-ranging negative impacts on marine species and ecosys-tems with particularly severe damage to coral reefs and sheries52

An increase of 20-30 percent in the amount of precipitation falling during heavy rainstorms increasing the risk of major ooding events in many parts of the world53

Increasing aridity drought and extreme tempera-tures in Africa southern Europe and the Middle East and most of the Americas Australia and Southeast Asia54

Global Warming Endangers Public HealthHotter temperatures bring about numerous threats to public health High temperatures combine with sunlight nitrogen oxides and volatile organic com-pounds to create ozone ldquosmogrdquo which damages the respiratory system reduces lung function and aggravates asthma and other respiratory diseases55 The Union of Concerned Scientists estimates that by 2020 students in the United States could experience more than 900000 additional missed school days and seniors and infants could experience more than 5000 additional hospitalizations due to increases of ozone smog exposure that result from the higher temperatures caused by global warming56 Higher temperatures will also allow pollen allergens such as ragweed to proliferate causing those who suf-fer from seasonal allergies to experience worsening symptoms such as hay fever and asthma57

Global warming can also be expected to increase the number of deaths caused by heat stress58 Exces-sive heat events happen when high temperatures combine with other weather conditions ndash such as dew point temperature cloud cover wind speed and surface atmospheric pressure throughout the day ndash

18 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

and contribute to heat-related deaths in a particular location59 According to a 2012 study by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) excessive heat events caused by global warming could kill up to 150000 people in Americarsquos 40 largest cities by the end of the century60

Higher temperatures may also change the patterns of occurrence of various infectious diseases A 2009 study for example found a correlation between warmer temperatures and increased reports of infec-tion by West Nile Virus61 Global warming may also increase the risk of more frequent and more wide-spread outbreaks of waterborne illnesses by allow-ing warm-water pathogens to expand into cooler climates or by exposing more urban water bodies to sewage contamination after ooding caused by major precipitation events according to NRDC62

Increases in droughts and ooding caused by global warming can also reduce water available for drinking or for irrigation they can also harm crops directly diminishing food variety nutritional content and availability all of which can contribute to malnutri-tion and the spread of disease63 Finally sea-level rise and disasters such as strong storms and oods can damage urban infrastructure and displace existing communities64

Global warming pollutants are not the only emis-sions from power plants that harm human health For example in 2010 two-thirds of all airborne mercury pollution in the United States came from the smokestacks of coal-red power plants65 Mercury is a potent neurotoxicant and exposure to mercury during critical periods of brain development can contribute to irreversible decits in verbal skills dam-age to attention and motor control and reduced IQ66 Coal- and natural gas-red power plants also emit nitrogen oxides (NOX) which exacerbate ozone smog pollution as well as other pollutants that contrib-ute to particulate matter and acid rain Like smog particulate matter pollution contributes to a host of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments67 Sulfur

dioxide too is a respiratory irritant for sensitive populations68 In addition it is a major component of acid rain that has damaged forests across the eastern United States69

Cleaning Up US Power Plants Would Cut Carbon Pollution at a Global ScaleHumanity as a whole must limit emissions to no more than 1 trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide from 2000 through 2050 in order to have a 75 percent chance of limiting the global temperature increase to 36deg F (2deg C) above the pre-industrial era ndash a target the international community has set to limit the most severe global warming impacts70 For the world this means that emissions will need to peak by 2015 and decline by more than half by 2050 to have a chance at preventing the worst impacts of climate change71 For the United States and other developed countries emission reductions must occur more quickly and more steeply with reductions of at least 25 to 40 per-cent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 to 95 percent by 205072

As of 2011 annual US greenhouse gas emissions were still 10 percent above 1990 levels73 The annual emissions from a small group of the nationrsquos dirti-est power plants are greatly hindering our ability to meet the emissions reduction targets necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming Replac-ing these power plants with zero-emission energy sources such as wind and solar power or eliminating the need for the power they produce through en-ergy e$ciency and conservation would reduce US greenhouse gas emissions to 11 percent below 1990 levels even in the absence of other eorts to reduce emissions74

Limiting carbon dioxide pollution from new and ex-isting power plants is one of the most eective ways to reduce US global warming pollution in the short run and for decades to come reducing the risk that

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 19

emissions will reach a level that triggers dangerous irreversible climate change impacts

Adopting federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution from power plants as part of a suite of policies to reduce global warming pollution at all levels of gov-ernment would help the United States achieve 2020 emissions reduction targets ndash even in the absence of a federal economy-wide cap on carbon pollu-tion For example Environment America Research amp Policy Centerrsquos 2011 report The Way Forward on Global Warming demonstrated that with a suite of

local state and federal policies to increase energy e$ciency deploy clean energy technologies and improve public transportation the United States could curb emissions of carbon dioxide from en-ergy use by as much as 35 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 20 percent below 1990 levels by 203075 A nationwide cap on carbon pollution from all sources ndash not just power plants ndash would al-low the United States to make the remaining emis-sions reductions necessary to prevent the worst impacts of global warming

20 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants

The unprecedented threat that global warm-ing poses to our health our safety and our environment demands that the United

States takes urgent action to reduce emissions of global warming pollution However US power plants currently face no federal limits on the amount of carbon dioxide pollution they can emit

Given the enormous share of global warming pollu-tion contributed by US power plants limiting car-bon dioxide emissions from both new and existing power plants must be a key part of any strategy to reduce US global warming emissions Fortunately the rst steps toward setting these standards are already being taken On June 25 2013 President Obama announced his plan to address global warm-ing through executive action using existing statu-tory authority and funds76 The two most important elements of this plan are nalizing carbon emissions standards for new power plants and directing the EPA to quickly propose and implement a limit on existing plants77

The EPA proposed a limit on new power plants in March 2012 Since then the EPA has received more than 32 million public comments supporting limiting carbon pollution from power plants and President Obama has asked the EPA to re-propose a carbon pollution standard for new power plants by September 20 201378

The originally proposed limit restricts global warm-ing pollution for facilities 25 megawatts (MW) or

larger to 1000 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity they produce79 According to the EPA this standard was based on commonly used combined-cycle natural gas power plants ndash a standard that new coal plants are highly unlikely to meet80 Existing coal plants produce an average of 2180 lbs CO2MWh with the worst plants producing more than 3000 lbs CO2MWh81

The EPA has yet to propose a standard for existing power plants a large portion of which are aging coal-red plants However the president has directed the EPA to propose and submit carbon pollution limits for existing plants by June 2014 and to nalize those limits the following year82 (See ldquoThe Long Road to Carbon Pollution Limitsrdquo on page 21)

Some states already limit carbon pollution from pow-er plants California has an economy-wide cap on car-bon dioxide emissions and nine states from Maine to Maryland participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) which caps pollution from power plants in the Northeast Once nalized the EPArsquos carbon pollution limits for all new power plants nationwide would go a long way toward reducing future US global warming pollution However the agency must also move quickly to establish strong federal standards for existing power plants ndash and force the nationrsquos largest sources of carbon pollution to clean up

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 21

e Long Road to Carbon Pollution LimitsThe Obama administrationrsquos recent actions indicating progress toward carbon dioxide pollution from power plants are the culmination of a 14-year campaign to clean up the nationrsquos power plants In 1999 one year after the EPA declined to include carbon dioxide pollution limits in new vehicle emissions standards 19 environmental and public interest groups petitioned the EPA to classify carbon dioxide as an air pollutant subject to the Clean Air Act regulation83 They cited car-bon dioxidersquos contribution to global warming ndash which threatens human health and the environ-ment ndash as rationale for regulation84

In 2003 the EPA released an o$cial statement that it did not believe the Act authorized the EPA to regulate global warming pollution and that even if it did authorize regulating greenhouse gases the EPA objected to doing so on policy grounds85 However the US Supreme Court dis-agreed with the EPA in 2007 ruling with several states and environmental groups that the EPA does indeed have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases and that its policy objections were insu$cient to decline to regulate86 The court also directed the EPA to determine if greenhouse gases contribute to global warming and if so whether global warming endangered public health and welfare87 By the end of 2009 the EPA o$cially determined that emissions of carbon dioxide endanger public health and welfare by contributing to global warming88

In December 2010 the EPA announced its plan to release new performance standards and manda-tory emissions guidelines for all new fossil fuel-red power plants89 The EPA proposed an interim carbon pollution standard for new power plants in April 2012 that is in eect until a rule can be nalized90 This step set the rst-ever national limits on the amount of carbon pollution power plants can emit91

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

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nkPl

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ame

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r Nam

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sion

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M

etri

c to

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of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

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f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

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e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

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Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

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as a

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re o

f St

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ide

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l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

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Plan

t 2

Anch

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ht a

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ower

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3Au

rora

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Pol

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lley

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Ass

n In

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ealy

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den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

ama

Pow

er C

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33

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idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

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06

5C

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rtTe

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see

Valle

y Au

thor

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75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

Ente

rgy

Arka

nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

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rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

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este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

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377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

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nion

Pow

er P

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LP

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AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

Rive

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rvill

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ctric

Pow

er C

o11

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holla

Ariz

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Publ

ic S

ervi

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4C

oron

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Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

75

19

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ter

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nerg

y C

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r LL

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er1

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Sacr

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unic

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Dist

1

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k H

ills

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er L

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Ind

icat

es th

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pla

nt is

sche

dule

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r ret

irem

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plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o7

21

3C

hero

kee

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o4

01

4Pa

wne

ePu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

305

5H

ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

2M

ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

Pow

er C

o L

LC1

54

3Br

idge

port

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

Brid

gepo

rt E

nerg

y L

LC1

08

4Kl

een

Ener

gy S

yste

ms

Proj

ect

Klee

n En

ergy

Sys

tem

s L

LC0

70

5Br

idge

port

Sta

tion

PSEG

Pow

er C

onne

ctic

ut L

LC0

53

DC

1Be

nnin

gPo

tom

ac P

ower

Res

ourc

es0

110

210

06

6

2U

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

nU

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

n0

05

3Bu

zzar

d Po

int

Poto

mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

DE

1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

Pow

er P

ark

JEA

655

GA

1Sc

here

rG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

213

252

176

46

34

2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o14

24

3W

ansle

yG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

719

4H

arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

Rath

drum

Pow

er L

LCRa

thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

003

4Ru

pert

Cog

en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

Ope

ratio

ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

Cle

arw

ater

Pap

er C

orpo

ratio

n0

02

IL1

Bald

win

Ene

rgy

Com

plex

Dyn

egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

Gib

son

Duk

e En

ergy

Indi

ana

Inc

169

558

752

52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

Indi

anap

olis

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o10

05

4R

M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

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01

3Br

ame

Ener

gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

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ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

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nt L

LCG

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n C

halk

Poi

nt L

LC3

79

4H

erbe

rt A

Wag

ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

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sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

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n C

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91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

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ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

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issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

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lity

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ctaw

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erat

ing

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2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

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er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

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onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

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176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

Cou

nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

Poi

nt C

ogen

erat

ion

Mar

ch P

oint

Cog

ener

atio

n C

o0

36

4M

int

Farm

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

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42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 16: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

The Dirtiest US Power Plants Are a Major Source of Global Warming Pollution 15

State

Total Emissions of Top 5 Power Plants (Million

Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Top 5 Share of Power-Sector Emissions (2011) Top 5 Share of Total Emissions33

Oregon 59 89 22Illinois 440 46 19

Virginia 168 60 19Florida 417 37 18

Massachusetts 105 66 16Connecticut 59 75 16Washington 67 88 15

Louisiana 350 61 12Maine 28 82 11Texas 746 30 10

New Jersey 99 64 10New York 110 32 7

Alaska 28 75 6Idaho 04 91 4

California 75 19 2Vermont 00 96 0

Despite the large contribution of fossil fuel-red power plants to US global warming emissions neither these highly polluting plants nor proposed new power plants face any federal regulations limit-ing emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse

gases As a result these power plants have emitted carbon dioxide pollution unchecked for decades and there is no guarantee that new power plants will be built in ways that minimize their contribution to global warming

Table 2 (continued)

16 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming

Global warming threatens our health our safety and our environment Rising global average temperatures and other climate

impacts have already resulted in extreme precipita-tion events and heat waves in the United States and climate science tells us that global warming will likely lead to further changes in weather extremes34 Extreme weather events such as Hurricane Sandy extended droughts heat waves and oods caused by heavy precipitation are likely to become more common in a warming world35 At the same time global warming-induced sea-level rise changes in summer and winter precipitation patterns and eco-system changes could reduce the ability of natural and man-made systems to withstand even normal weather events

To avoid the worst impacts of global warming worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants will have to peak roughly three years from now and then decline quickly and dramatically ndash dropping by more than 50 percent by 205036 In the United States addressing this chal-lenge means cleaning up our biggest sources of global warming pollution ndash especially dirty power plants which are responsible for more than 40 per-cent of our emissions of carbon dioxide each year37

A handful of exceptionally dirty power plants are the worst contributors to this problem By focusing on cleaning up power plants ndash our countryrsquos largest single source of carbon pollution ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power

plants in the United States America can make a meaningful dierence in preventing the worst im-pacts of global warming

e US must act now to prevent the worst impacts of global warmingIn 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ndash the worldrsquos foremost scientic authority on the subject ndash concluded that ldquowarm-ing of the climate system is unequivocalrdquo and that ldquo[m]ost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropo-genic [greenhouse gas] concentrationsrdquo38 In 2013 in a draft of its upcoming Fifth Assessment Report on climate change the IPCC strengthened this asser-tion citing ldquonear certaintyrdquo that global warming is human-caused and suggesting that seas could rise by as much as three feet by the end of the century if greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated39

Clear signs of global warming have already begun to emerge

Global average sea and air temperatures in 2010 were tied for the hottest on record according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-istration (NOAA)40 2001 to 2010 was the hottest decade on record with average temperatures estimated to be 083˚F hotter than the 1961-1990 norm41 2010 was also the wettest year on record based on global average precipitation42

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 17

Oceans have absorbed 80 percent of the extra heat in the climate system causing ocean water to expand43 Coupled with melting glaciers this has caused sea levels to rise by about eight inches ndash with the rate of increase accelerating44

Hurricanes have become more intense and the frequency of extreme rain and snowstorms has increased45

At the same time droughts in many parts of the world have become longer and more severe especially in the tropics and subtropics46

In the United States warmer average annual temperatures are connected to increases in extreme precipitation and more intense heat waves Furthermore the US has experienced an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events including oods prolonged drought more intense wildres and stronger tropi-cal storms and hurricanes47

The more global warming pollution that humanity emits the more serious the consequences And the changes will be largely irreversible for a thousand years after emissions stop48

On our current emissions path humanity risks in-creasing the average global temperature by 4degC (72degF) or more (above the pre-industrial era) by the end of this century even if current emission reduc-tion commitments and pledges are met according to a 2012 report by the World Bank49 Warming on this scale would have catastrophic consequences includ-ing

Sea level rise of as much as 3 feet in the next century causing extensive coastal inundation and increasing the risk of storm surge ooding in major coastal cities50 By 2300 global mean sea levels could rise as high as 13 feet above present-day levels51

A 150 percent increase in ocean acidity above pre-industrial levels resulting in wide-ranging negative impacts on marine species and ecosys-tems with particularly severe damage to coral reefs and sheries52

An increase of 20-30 percent in the amount of precipitation falling during heavy rainstorms increasing the risk of major ooding events in many parts of the world53

Increasing aridity drought and extreme tempera-tures in Africa southern Europe and the Middle East and most of the Americas Australia and Southeast Asia54

Global Warming Endangers Public HealthHotter temperatures bring about numerous threats to public health High temperatures combine with sunlight nitrogen oxides and volatile organic com-pounds to create ozone ldquosmogrdquo which damages the respiratory system reduces lung function and aggravates asthma and other respiratory diseases55 The Union of Concerned Scientists estimates that by 2020 students in the United States could experience more than 900000 additional missed school days and seniors and infants could experience more than 5000 additional hospitalizations due to increases of ozone smog exposure that result from the higher temperatures caused by global warming56 Higher temperatures will also allow pollen allergens such as ragweed to proliferate causing those who suf-fer from seasonal allergies to experience worsening symptoms such as hay fever and asthma57

Global warming can also be expected to increase the number of deaths caused by heat stress58 Exces-sive heat events happen when high temperatures combine with other weather conditions ndash such as dew point temperature cloud cover wind speed and surface atmospheric pressure throughout the day ndash

18 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

and contribute to heat-related deaths in a particular location59 According to a 2012 study by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) excessive heat events caused by global warming could kill up to 150000 people in Americarsquos 40 largest cities by the end of the century60

Higher temperatures may also change the patterns of occurrence of various infectious diseases A 2009 study for example found a correlation between warmer temperatures and increased reports of infec-tion by West Nile Virus61 Global warming may also increase the risk of more frequent and more wide-spread outbreaks of waterborne illnesses by allow-ing warm-water pathogens to expand into cooler climates or by exposing more urban water bodies to sewage contamination after ooding caused by major precipitation events according to NRDC62

Increases in droughts and ooding caused by global warming can also reduce water available for drinking or for irrigation they can also harm crops directly diminishing food variety nutritional content and availability all of which can contribute to malnutri-tion and the spread of disease63 Finally sea-level rise and disasters such as strong storms and oods can damage urban infrastructure and displace existing communities64

Global warming pollutants are not the only emis-sions from power plants that harm human health For example in 2010 two-thirds of all airborne mercury pollution in the United States came from the smokestacks of coal-red power plants65 Mercury is a potent neurotoxicant and exposure to mercury during critical periods of brain development can contribute to irreversible decits in verbal skills dam-age to attention and motor control and reduced IQ66 Coal- and natural gas-red power plants also emit nitrogen oxides (NOX) which exacerbate ozone smog pollution as well as other pollutants that contrib-ute to particulate matter and acid rain Like smog particulate matter pollution contributes to a host of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments67 Sulfur

dioxide too is a respiratory irritant for sensitive populations68 In addition it is a major component of acid rain that has damaged forests across the eastern United States69

Cleaning Up US Power Plants Would Cut Carbon Pollution at a Global ScaleHumanity as a whole must limit emissions to no more than 1 trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide from 2000 through 2050 in order to have a 75 percent chance of limiting the global temperature increase to 36deg F (2deg C) above the pre-industrial era ndash a target the international community has set to limit the most severe global warming impacts70 For the world this means that emissions will need to peak by 2015 and decline by more than half by 2050 to have a chance at preventing the worst impacts of climate change71 For the United States and other developed countries emission reductions must occur more quickly and more steeply with reductions of at least 25 to 40 per-cent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 to 95 percent by 205072

As of 2011 annual US greenhouse gas emissions were still 10 percent above 1990 levels73 The annual emissions from a small group of the nationrsquos dirti-est power plants are greatly hindering our ability to meet the emissions reduction targets necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming Replac-ing these power plants with zero-emission energy sources such as wind and solar power or eliminating the need for the power they produce through en-ergy e$ciency and conservation would reduce US greenhouse gas emissions to 11 percent below 1990 levels even in the absence of other eorts to reduce emissions74

Limiting carbon dioxide pollution from new and ex-isting power plants is one of the most eective ways to reduce US global warming pollution in the short run and for decades to come reducing the risk that

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 19

emissions will reach a level that triggers dangerous irreversible climate change impacts

Adopting federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution from power plants as part of a suite of policies to reduce global warming pollution at all levels of gov-ernment would help the United States achieve 2020 emissions reduction targets ndash even in the absence of a federal economy-wide cap on carbon pollu-tion For example Environment America Research amp Policy Centerrsquos 2011 report The Way Forward on Global Warming demonstrated that with a suite of

local state and federal policies to increase energy e$ciency deploy clean energy technologies and improve public transportation the United States could curb emissions of carbon dioxide from en-ergy use by as much as 35 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 20 percent below 1990 levels by 203075 A nationwide cap on carbon pollution from all sources ndash not just power plants ndash would al-low the United States to make the remaining emis-sions reductions necessary to prevent the worst impacts of global warming

20 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants

The unprecedented threat that global warm-ing poses to our health our safety and our environment demands that the United

States takes urgent action to reduce emissions of global warming pollution However US power plants currently face no federal limits on the amount of carbon dioxide pollution they can emit

Given the enormous share of global warming pollu-tion contributed by US power plants limiting car-bon dioxide emissions from both new and existing power plants must be a key part of any strategy to reduce US global warming emissions Fortunately the rst steps toward setting these standards are already being taken On June 25 2013 President Obama announced his plan to address global warm-ing through executive action using existing statu-tory authority and funds76 The two most important elements of this plan are nalizing carbon emissions standards for new power plants and directing the EPA to quickly propose and implement a limit on existing plants77

The EPA proposed a limit on new power plants in March 2012 Since then the EPA has received more than 32 million public comments supporting limiting carbon pollution from power plants and President Obama has asked the EPA to re-propose a carbon pollution standard for new power plants by September 20 201378

The originally proposed limit restricts global warm-ing pollution for facilities 25 megawatts (MW) or

larger to 1000 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity they produce79 According to the EPA this standard was based on commonly used combined-cycle natural gas power plants ndash a standard that new coal plants are highly unlikely to meet80 Existing coal plants produce an average of 2180 lbs CO2MWh with the worst plants producing more than 3000 lbs CO2MWh81

The EPA has yet to propose a standard for existing power plants a large portion of which are aging coal-red plants However the president has directed the EPA to propose and submit carbon pollution limits for existing plants by June 2014 and to nalize those limits the following year82 (See ldquoThe Long Road to Carbon Pollution Limitsrdquo on page 21)

Some states already limit carbon pollution from pow-er plants California has an economy-wide cap on car-bon dioxide emissions and nine states from Maine to Maryland participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) which caps pollution from power plants in the Northeast Once nalized the EPArsquos carbon pollution limits for all new power plants nationwide would go a long way toward reducing future US global warming pollution However the agency must also move quickly to establish strong federal standards for existing power plants ndash and force the nationrsquos largest sources of carbon pollution to clean up

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 21

e Long Road to Carbon Pollution LimitsThe Obama administrationrsquos recent actions indicating progress toward carbon dioxide pollution from power plants are the culmination of a 14-year campaign to clean up the nationrsquos power plants In 1999 one year after the EPA declined to include carbon dioxide pollution limits in new vehicle emissions standards 19 environmental and public interest groups petitioned the EPA to classify carbon dioxide as an air pollutant subject to the Clean Air Act regulation83 They cited car-bon dioxidersquos contribution to global warming ndash which threatens human health and the environ-ment ndash as rationale for regulation84

In 2003 the EPA released an o$cial statement that it did not believe the Act authorized the EPA to regulate global warming pollution and that even if it did authorize regulating greenhouse gases the EPA objected to doing so on policy grounds85 However the US Supreme Court dis-agreed with the EPA in 2007 ruling with several states and environmental groups that the EPA does indeed have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases and that its policy objections were insu$cient to decline to regulate86 The court also directed the EPA to determine if greenhouse gases contribute to global warming and if so whether global warming endangered public health and welfare87 By the end of 2009 the EPA o$cially determined that emissions of carbon dioxide endanger public health and welfare by contributing to global warming88

In December 2010 the EPA announced its plan to release new performance standards and manda-tory emissions guidelines for all new fossil fuel-red power plants89 The EPA proposed an interim carbon pollution standard for new power plants in April 2012 that is in eect until a rule can be nalized90 This step set the rst-ever national limits on the amount of carbon pollution power plants can emit91

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

3Au

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

Che

naAu

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

034

4N

orth

Pol

eG

olde

n Va

lley

Elec

Ass

n In

c0

30

5H

ealy

Gol

den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

ama

Pow

er C

o7

33

4W

idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

06

5C

olbe

rtTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

Ente

rgy

Arka

nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

Ene

rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

2

79

AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t15

92

430

81

57

46

2Sp

ringe

rvill

eTu

cson

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

o11

45

3C

holla

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o7

45

4C

oron

ado

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

75

19

12

2

2D

elta

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Del

ta E

nerg

y C

ente

r LL

C1

64

3H

ayne

sLo

s An

gele

s D

epar

tmen

t of

Wat

er amp

Pow

er1

49

4C

osum

nes

Sacr

amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

5El

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o7

21

3C

hero

kee

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o4

01

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wne

ePu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

305

5H

ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

2M

ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

Pow

er C

o L

LC1

54

3Br

idge

port

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

Brid

gepo

rt E

nerg

y L

LC1

08

4Kl

een

Ener

gy S

yste

ms

Proj

ect

Klee

n En

ergy

Sys

tem

s L

LC0

70

5Br

idge

port

Sta

tion

PSEG

Pow

er C

onne

ctic

ut L

LC0

53

DC

1Be

nnin

gPo

tom

ac P

ower

Res

ourc

es0

110

210

06

6

2U

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

nU

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

n0

05

3Bu

zzar

d Po

int

Poto

mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

DE

1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

Pow

er P

ark

JEA

655

GA

1Sc

here

rG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

213

252

176

46

34

2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o14

24

3W

ansle

yG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

719

4H

arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

Rath

drum

Pow

er L

LCRa

thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

003

4Ru

pert

Cog

en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

Ope

ratio

ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

Cle

arw

ater

Pap

er C

orpo

ratio

n0

02

IL1

Bald

win

Ene

rgy

Com

plex

Dyn

egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

Gib

son

Duk

e En

ergy

Indi

ana

Inc

169

558

752

52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

Indi

anap

olis

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o10

05

4R

M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

LC7

01

3Br

ame

Ener

gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

Poi

nt L

LCG

enO

n C

halk

Poi

nt L

LC3

79

4H

erbe

rt A

Wag

ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

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sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

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wer

-Sec

tor

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l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

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re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

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2PS

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inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

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EG F

ossil

LLC

213

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d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

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udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

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EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

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oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

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49

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len

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m P

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Tenn

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Auth

ority

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5Ki

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onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

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er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

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l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

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nty

(WA)

039

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arch

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nt C

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ch P

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n C

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int

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ing

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ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

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138

849

369

75

52

2Fi

rstE

nerg

y H

arris

on P

ower

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tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

erAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

850

4M

itche

llO

hio

Pow

er C

o8

37

5M

t S

torm

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inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

818

WY

1Jim

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ger

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fiCor

p12

87

381

89

66

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ram

ie R

iver

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ctric

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er C

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122

1

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ave

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ston

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fiCor

p5

50

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augh

ton

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fiCor

p5

34

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orp

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icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 17: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

16 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming

Global warming threatens our health our safety and our environment Rising global average temperatures and other climate

impacts have already resulted in extreme precipita-tion events and heat waves in the United States and climate science tells us that global warming will likely lead to further changes in weather extremes34 Extreme weather events such as Hurricane Sandy extended droughts heat waves and oods caused by heavy precipitation are likely to become more common in a warming world35 At the same time global warming-induced sea-level rise changes in summer and winter precipitation patterns and eco-system changes could reduce the ability of natural and man-made systems to withstand even normal weather events

To avoid the worst impacts of global warming worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants will have to peak roughly three years from now and then decline quickly and dramatically ndash dropping by more than 50 percent by 205036 In the United States addressing this chal-lenge means cleaning up our biggest sources of global warming pollution ndash especially dirty power plants which are responsible for more than 40 per-cent of our emissions of carbon dioxide each year37

A handful of exceptionally dirty power plants are the worst contributors to this problem By focusing on cleaning up power plants ndash our countryrsquos largest single source of carbon pollution ndash and preventing construction of a new generation of dirty power

plants in the United States America can make a meaningful dierence in preventing the worst im-pacts of global warming

e US must act now to prevent the worst impacts of global warmingIn 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ndash the worldrsquos foremost scientic authority on the subject ndash concluded that ldquowarm-ing of the climate system is unequivocalrdquo and that ldquo[m]ost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropo-genic [greenhouse gas] concentrationsrdquo38 In 2013 in a draft of its upcoming Fifth Assessment Report on climate change the IPCC strengthened this asser-tion citing ldquonear certaintyrdquo that global warming is human-caused and suggesting that seas could rise by as much as three feet by the end of the century if greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated39

Clear signs of global warming have already begun to emerge

Global average sea and air temperatures in 2010 were tied for the hottest on record according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-istration (NOAA)40 2001 to 2010 was the hottest decade on record with average temperatures estimated to be 083˚F hotter than the 1961-1990 norm41 2010 was also the wettest year on record based on global average precipitation42

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 17

Oceans have absorbed 80 percent of the extra heat in the climate system causing ocean water to expand43 Coupled with melting glaciers this has caused sea levels to rise by about eight inches ndash with the rate of increase accelerating44

Hurricanes have become more intense and the frequency of extreme rain and snowstorms has increased45

At the same time droughts in many parts of the world have become longer and more severe especially in the tropics and subtropics46

In the United States warmer average annual temperatures are connected to increases in extreme precipitation and more intense heat waves Furthermore the US has experienced an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events including oods prolonged drought more intense wildres and stronger tropi-cal storms and hurricanes47

The more global warming pollution that humanity emits the more serious the consequences And the changes will be largely irreversible for a thousand years after emissions stop48

On our current emissions path humanity risks in-creasing the average global temperature by 4degC (72degF) or more (above the pre-industrial era) by the end of this century even if current emission reduc-tion commitments and pledges are met according to a 2012 report by the World Bank49 Warming on this scale would have catastrophic consequences includ-ing

Sea level rise of as much as 3 feet in the next century causing extensive coastal inundation and increasing the risk of storm surge ooding in major coastal cities50 By 2300 global mean sea levels could rise as high as 13 feet above present-day levels51

A 150 percent increase in ocean acidity above pre-industrial levels resulting in wide-ranging negative impacts on marine species and ecosys-tems with particularly severe damage to coral reefs and sheries52

An increase of 20-30 percent in the amount of precipitation falling during heavy rainstorms increasing the risk of major ooding events in many parts of the world53

Increasing aridity drought and extreme tempera-tures in Africa southern Europe and the Middle East and most of the Americas Australia and Southeast Asia54

Global Warming Endangers Public HealthHotter temperatures bring about numerous threats to public health High temperatures combine with sunlight nitrogen oxides and volatile organic com-pounds to create ozone ldquosmogrdquo which damages the respiratory system reduces lung function and aggravates asthma and other respiratory diseases55 The Union of Concerned Scientists estimates that by 2020 students in the United States could experience more than 900000 additional missed school days and seniors and infants could experience more than 5000 additional hospitalizations due to increases of ozone smog exposure that result from the higher temperatures caused by global warming56 Higher temperatures will also allow pollen allergens such as ragweed to proliferate causing those who suf-fer from seasonal allergies to experience worsening symptoms such as hay fever and asthma57

Global warming can also be expected to increase the number of deaths caused by heat stress58 Exces-sive heat events happen when high temperatures combine with other weather conditions ndash such as dew point temperature cloud cover wind speed and surface atmospheric pressure throughout the day ndash

18 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

and contribute to heat-related deaths in a particular location59 According to a 2012 study by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) excessive heat events caused by global warming could kill up to 150000 people in Americarsquos 40 largest cities by the end of the century60

Higher temperatures may also change the patterns of occurrence of various infectious diseases A 2009 study for example found a correlation between warmer temperatures and increased reports of infec-tion by West Nile Virus61 Global warming may also increase the risk of more frequent and more wide-spread outbreaks of waterborne illnesses by allow-ing warm-water pathogens to expand into cooler climates or by exposing more urban water bodies to sewage contamination after ooding caused by major precipitation events according to NRDC62

Increases in droughts and ooding caused by global warming can also reduce water available for drinking or for irrigation they can also harm crops directly diminishing food variety nutritional content and availability all of which can contribute to malnutri-tion and the spread of disease63 Finally sea-level rise and disasters such as strong storms and oods can damage urban infrastructure and displace existing communities64

Global warming pollutants are not the only emis-sions from power plants that harm human health For example in 2010 two-thirds of all airborne mercury pollution in the United States came from the smokestacks of coal-red power plants65 Mercury is a potent neurotoxicant and exposure to mercury during critical periods of brain development can contribute to irreversible decits in verbal skills dam-age to attention and motor control and reduced IQ66 Coal- and natural gas-red power plants also emit nitrogen oxides (NOX) which exacerbate ozone smog pollution as well as other pollutants that contrib-ute to particulate matter and acid rain Like smog particulate matter pollution contributes to a host of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments67 Sulfur

dioxide too is a respiratory irritant for sensitive populations68 In addition it is a major component of acid rain that has damaged forests across the eastern United States69

Cleaning Up US Power Plants Would Cut Carbon Pollution at a Global ScaleHumanity as a whole must limit emissions to no more than 1 trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide from 2000 through 2050 in order to have a 75 percent chance of limiting the global temperature increase to 36deg F (2deg C) above the pre-industrial era ndash a target the international community has set to limit the most severe global warming impacts70 For the world this means that emissions will need to peak by 2015 and decline by more than half by 2050 to have a chance at preventing the worst impacts of climate change71 For the United States and other developed countries emission reductions must occur more quickly and more steeply with reductions of at least 25 to 40 per-cent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 to 95 percent by 205072

As of 2011 annual US greenhouse gas emissions were still 10 percent above 1990 levels73 The annual emissions from a small group of the nationrsquos dirti-est power plants are greatly hindering our ability to meet the emissions reduction targets necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming Replac-ing these power plants with zero-emission energy sources such as wind and solar power or eliminating the need for the power they produce through en-ergy e$ciency and conservation would reduce US greenhouse gas emissions to 11 percent below 1990 levels even in the absence of other eorts to reduce emissions74

Limiting carbon dioxide pollution from new and ex-isting power plants is one of the most eective ways to reduce US global warming pollution in the short run and for decades to come reducing the risk that

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 19

emissions will reach a level that triggers dangerous irreversible climate change impacts

Adopting federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution from power plants as part of a suite of policies to reduce global warming pollution at all levels of gov-ernment would help the United States achieve 2020 emissions reduction targets ndash even in the absence of a federal economy-wide cap on carbon pollu-tion For example Environment America Research amp Policy Centerrsquos 2011 report The Way Forward on Global Warming demonstrated that with a suite of

local state and federal policies to increase energy e$ciency deploy clean energy technologies and improve public transportation the United States could curb emissions of carbon dioxide from en-ergy use by as much as 35 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 20 percent below 1990 levels by 203075 A nationwide cap on carbon pollution from all sources ndash not just power plants ndash would al-low the United States to make the remaining emis-sions reductions necessary to prevent the worst impacts of global warming

20 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants

The unprecedented threat that global warm-ing poses to our health our safety and our environment demands that the United

States takes urgent action to reduce emissions of global warming pollution However US power plants currently face no federal limits on the amount of carbon dioxide pollution they can emit

Given the enormous share of global warming pollu-tion contributed by US power plants limiting car-bon dioxide emissions from both new and existing power plants must be a key part of any strategy to reduce US global warming emissions Fortunately the rst steps toward setting these standards are already being taken On June 25 2013 President Obama announced his plan to address global warm-ing through executive action using existing statu-tory authority and funds76 The two most important elements of this plan are nalizing carbon emissions standards for new power plants and directing the EPA to quickly propose and implement a limit on existing plants77

The EPA proposed a limit on new power plants in March 2012 Since then the EPA has received more than 32 million public comments supporting limiting carbon pollution from power plants and President Obama has asked the EPA to re-propose a carbon pollution standard for new power plants by September 20 201378

The originally proposed limit restricts global warm-ing pollution for facilities 25 megawatts (MW) or

larger to 1000 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity they produce79 According to the EPA this standard was based on commonly used combined-cycle natural gas power plants ndash a standard that new coal plants are highly unlikely to meet80 Existing coal plants produce an average of 2180 lbs CO2MWh with the worst plants producing more than 3000 lbs CO2MWh81

The EPA has yet to propose a standard for existing power plants a large portion of which are aging coal-red plants However the president has directed the EPA to propose and submit carbon pollution limits for existing plants by June 2014 and to nalize those limits the following year82 (See ldquoThe Long Road to Carbon Pollution Limitsrdquo on page 21)

Some states already limit carbon pollution from pow-er plants California has an economy-wide cap on car-bon dioxide emissions and nine states from Maine to Maryland participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) which caps pollution from power plants in the Northeast Once nalized the EPArsquos carbon pollution limits for all new power plants nationwide would go a long way toward reducing future US global warming pollution However the agency must also move quickly to establish strong federal standards for existing power plants ndash and force the nationrsquos largest sources of carbon pollution to clean up

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 21

e Long Road to Carbon Pollution LimitsThe Obama administrationrsquos recent actions indicating progress toward carbon dioxide pollution from power plants are the culmination of a 14-year campaign to clean up the nationrsquos power plants In 1999 one year after the EPA declined to include carbon dioxide pollution limits in new vehicle emissions standards 19 environmental and public interest groups petitioned the EPA to classify carbon dioxide as an air pollutant subject to the Clean Air Act regulation83 They cited car-bon dioxidersquos contribution to global warming ndash which threatens human health and the environ-ment ndash as rationale for regulation84

In 2003 the EPA released an o$cial statement that it did not believe the Act authorized the EPA to regulate global warming pollution and that even if it did authorize regulating greenhouse gases the EPA objected to doing so on policy grounds85 However the US Supreme Court dis-agreed with the EPA in 2007 ruling with several states and environmental groups that the EPA does indeed have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases and that its policy objections were insu$cient to decline to regulate86 The court also directed the EPA to determine if greenhouse gases contribute to global warming and if so whether global warming endangered public health and welfare87 By the end of 2009 the EPA o$cially determined that emissions of carbon dioxide endanger public health and welfare by contributing to global warming88

In December 2010 the EPA announced its plan to release new performance standards and manda-tory emissions guidelines for all new fossil fuel-red power plants89 The EPA proposed an interim carbon pollution standard for new power plants in April 2012 that is in eect until a rule can be nalized90 This step set the rst-ever national limits on the amount of carbon pollution power plants can emit91

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

3Au

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

Che

naAu

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

034

4N

orth

Pol

eG

olde

n Va

lley

Elec

Ass

n In

c0

30

5H

ealy

Gol

den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

ama

Pow

er C

o7

33

4W

idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

06

5C

olbe

rtTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

Ente

rgy

Arka

nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

Ene

rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

2

79

AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t15

92

430

81

57

46

2Sp

ringe

rvill

eTu

cson

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

o11

45

3C

holla

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o7

45

4C

oron

ado

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

75

19

12

2

2D

elta

Ene

rgy

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ter

Del

ta E

nerg

y C

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r LL

C1

64

3H

ayne

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s An

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s D

epar

tmen

t of

Wat

er amp

Pow

er1

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4C

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nes

Sacr

amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

5El

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

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f Col

orad

o7

21

3C

hero

kee

Publ

ic S

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ce C

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f Col

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01

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wne

ePu

blic

Ser

vice

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of C

olor

ado

305

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ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

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ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

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er C

o L

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idge

port

Ene

rgy

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ect

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rt E

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y L

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gy S

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ms

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n En

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tem

s L

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Sta

tion

PSEG

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er C

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ut L

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53

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tom

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ourc

es0

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S G

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g an

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d Po

int

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er R

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rces

001

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1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

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170

39

99

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36

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dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

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nIn

dian

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er O

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tions

Inc

157

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ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

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are

City

Pla

ntD

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are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

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018

5N

RG E

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y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

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er L

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FL1

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stal

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er

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ress

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rgy

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ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

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gy C

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rFl

orid

a Po

wer

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ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

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ic C

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e In

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ns R

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er P

ark

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1Sc

here

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ia P

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213

252

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wen

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rgia

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er C

o14

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eorg

ia P

ower

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719

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arlle

e Br

anch

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eorg

ia P

ower

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515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

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er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

Rath

drum

Pow

er L

LCRa

thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

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o Po

wer

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003

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pert

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en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

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ratio

ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

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arw

ater

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er C

orpo

ratio

n0

02

IL1

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win

Ene

rgy

Com

plex

Dyn

egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

Gib

son

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e En

ergy

Indi

ana

Inc

169

558

752

52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

Indi

anap

olis

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o10

05

4R

M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

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City

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er amp

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ht C

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22

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wre

nce

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gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

LC7

01

3Br

ame

Ener

gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

Poi

nt L

LCG

enO

n C

halk

Poi

nt L

LC3

79

4H

erbe

rt A

Wag

ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

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ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

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611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

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1

73

5C

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er

Appa

lach

ian

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er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

Cou

nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

Poi

nt C

ogen

erat

ion

Mar

ch P

oint

Cog

ener

atio

n C

o0

36

4M

int

Farm

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

138

849

369

75

52

2Fi

rstE

nerg

y H

arris

on P

ower

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

erAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

850

4M

itche

llO

hio

Pow

er C

o8

37

5M

t S

torm

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

818

WY

1Jim

Brid

ger

Paci

fiCor

p12

87

381

89

66

59

2La

ram

ie R

iver

Sta

tion

Basin

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

oop

122

1

3D

ave

John

ston

Paci

fiCor

p5

50

4N

augh

ton

Paci

fiCor

p5

34

5W

yoda

kPa

cifiC

orp

220

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 18: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 17

Oceans have absorbed 80 percent of the extra heat in the climate system causing ocean water to expand43 Coupled with melting glaciers this has caused sea levels to rise by about eight inches ndash with the rate of increase accelerating44

Hurricanes have become more intense and the frequency of extreme rain and snowstorms has increased45

At the same time droughts in many parts of the world have become longer and more severe especially in the tropics and subtropics46

In the United States warmer average annual temperatures are connected to increases in extreme precipitation and more intense heat waves Furthermore the US has experienced an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events including oods prolonged drought more intense wildres and stronger tropi-cal storms and hurricanes47

The more global warming pollution that humanity emits the more serious the consequences And the changes will be largely irreversible for a thousand years after emissions stop48

On our current emissions path humanity risks in-creasing the average global temperature by 4degC (72degF) or more (above the pre-industrial era) by the end of this century even if current emission reduc-tion commitments and pledges are met according to a 2012 report by the World Bank49 Warming on this scale would have catastrophic consequences includ-ing

Sea level rise of as much as 3 feet in the next century causing extensive coastal inundation and increasing the risk of storm surge ooding in major coastal cities50 By 2300 global mean sea levels could rise as high as 13 feet above present-day levels51

A 150 percent increase in ocean acidity above pre-industrial levels resulting in wide-ranging negative impacts on marine species and ecosys-tems with particularly severe damage to coral reefs and sheries52

An increase of 20-30 percent in the amount of precipitation falling during heavy rainstorms increasing the risk of major ooding events in many parts of the world53

Increasing aridity drought and extreme tempera-tures in Africa southern Europe and the Middle East and most of the Americas Australia and Southeast Asia54

Global Warming Endangers Public HealthHotter temperatures bring about numerous threats to public health High temperatures combine with sunlight nitrogen oxides and volatile organic com-pounds to create ozone ldquosmogrdquo which damages the respiratory system reduces lung function and aggravates asthma and other respiratory diseases55 The Union of Concerned Scientists estimates that by 2020 students in the United States could experience more than 900000 additional missed school days and seniors and infants could experience more than 5000 additional hospitalizations due to increases of ozone smog exposure that result from the higher temperatures caused by global warming56 Higher temperatures will also allow pollen allergens such as ragweed to proliferate causing those who suf-fer from seasonal allergies to experience worsening symptoms such as hay fever and asthma57

Global warming can also be expected to increase the number of deaths caused by heat stress58 Exces-sive heat events happen when high temperatures combine with other weather conditions ndash such as dew point temperature cloud cover wind speed and surface atmospheric pressure throughout the day ndash

18 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

and contribute to heat-related deaths in a particular location59 According to a 2012 study by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) excessive heat events caused by global warming could kill up to 150000 people in Americarsquos 40 largest cities by the end of the century60

Higher temperatures may also change the patterns of occurrence of various infectious diseases A 2009 study for example found a correlation between warmer temperatures and increased reports of infec-tion by West Nile Virus61 Global warming may also increase the risk of more frequent and more wide-spread outbreaks of waterborne illnesses by allow-ing warm-water pathogens to expand into cooler climates or by exposing more urban water bodies to sewage contamination after ooding caused by major precipitation events according to NRDC62

Increases in droughts and ooding caused by global warming can also reduce water available for drinking or for irrigation they can also harm crops directly diminishing food variety nutritional content and availability all of which can contribute to malnutri-tion and the spread of disease63 Finally sea-level rise and disasters such as strong storms and oods can damage urban infrastructure and displace existing communities64

Global warming pollutants are not the only emis-sions from power plants that harm human health For example in 2010 two-thirds of all airborne mercury pollution in the United States came from the smokestacks of coal-red power plants65 Mercury is a potent neurotoxicant and exposure to mercury during critical periods of brain development can contribute to irreversible decits in verbal skills dam-age to attention and motor control and reduced IQ66 Coal- and natural gas-red power plants also emit nitrogen oxides (NOX) which exacerbate ozone smog pollution as well as other pollutants that contrib-ute to particulate matter and acid rain Like smog particulate matter pollution contributes to a host of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments67 Sulfur

dioxide too is a respiratory irritant for sensitive populations68 In addition it is a major component of acid rain that has damaged forests across the eastern United States69

Cleaning Up US Power Plants Would Cut Carbon Pollution at a Global ScaleHumanity as a whole must limit emissions to no more than 1 trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide from 2000 through 2050 in order to have a 75 percent chance of limiting the global temperature increase to 36deg F (2deg C) above the pre-industrial era ndash a target the international community has set to limit the most severe global warming impacts70 For the world this means that emissions will need to peak by 2015 and decline by more than half by 2050 to have a chance at preventing the worst impacts of climate change71 For the United States and other developed countries emission reductions must occur more quickly and more steeply with reductions of at least 25 to 40 per-cent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 to 95 percent by 205072

As of 2011 annual US greenhouse gas emissions were still 10 percent above 1990 levels73 The annual emissions from a small group of the nationrsquos dirti-est power plants are greatly hindering our ability to meet the emissions reduction targets necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming Replac-ing these power plants with zero-emission energy sources such as wind and solar power or eliminating the need for the power they produce through en-ergy e$ciency and conservation would reduce US greenhouse gas emissions to 11 percent below 1990 levels even in the absence of other eorts to reduce emissions74

Limiting carbon dioxide pollution from new and ex-isting power plants is one of the most eective ways to reduce US global warming pollution in the short run and for decades to come reducing the risk that

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 19

emissions will reach a level that triggers dangerous irreversible climate change impacts

Adopting federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution from power plants as part of a suite of policies to reduce global warming pollution at all levels of gov-ernment would help the United States achieve 2020 emissions reduction targets ndash even in the absence of a federal economy-wide cap on carbon pollu-tion For example Environment America Research amp Policy Centerrsquos 2011 report The Way Forward on Global Warming demonstrated that with a suite of

local state and federal policies to increase energy e$ciency deploy clean energy technologies and improve public transportation the United States could curb emissions of carbon dioxide from en-ergy use by as much as 35 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 20 percent below 1990 levels by 203075 A nationwide cap on carbon pollution from all sources ndash not just power plants ndash would al-low the United States to make the remaining emis-sions reductions necessary to prevent the worst impacts of global warming

20 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants

The unprecedented threat that global warm-ing poses to our health our safety and our environment demands that the United

States takes urgent action to reduce emissions of global warming pollution However US power plants currently face no federal limits on the amount of carbon dioxide pollution they can emit

Given the enormous share of global warming pollu-tion contributed by US power plants limiting car-bon dioxide emissions from both new and existing power plants must be a key part of any strategy to reduce US global warming emissions Fortunately the rst steps toward setting these standards are already being taken On June 25 2013 President Obama announced his plan to address global warm-ing through executive action using existing statu-tory authority and funds76 The two most important elements of this plan are nalizing carbon emissions standards for new power plants and directing the EPA to quickly propose and implement a limit on existing plants77

The EPA proposed a limit on new power plants in March 2012 Since then the EPA has received more than 32 million public comments supporting limiting carbon pollution from power plants and President Obama has asked the EPA to re-propose a carbon pollution standard for new power plants by September 20 201378

The originally proposed limit restricts global warm-ing pollution for facilities 25 megawatts (MW) or

larger to 1000 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity they produce79 According to the EPA this standard was based on commonly used combined-cycle natural gas power plants ndash a standard that new coal plants are highly unlikely to meet80 Existing coal plants produce an average of 2180 lbs CO2MWh with the worst plants producing more than 3000 lbs CO2MWh81

The EPA has yet to propose a standard for existing power plants a large portion of which are aging coal-red plants However the president has directed the EPA to propose and submit carbon pollution limits for existing plants by June 2014 and to nalize those limits the following year82 (See ldquoThe Long Road to Carbon Pollution Limitsrdquo on page 21)

Some states already limit carbon pollution from pow-er plants California has an economy-wide cap on car-bon dioxide emissions and nine states from Maine to Maryland participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) which caps pollution from power plants in the Northeast Once nalized the EPArsquos carbon pollution limits for all new power plants nationwide would go a long way toward reducing future US global warming pollution However the agency must also move quickly to establish strong federal standards for existing power plants ndash and force the nationrsquos largest sources of carbon pollution to clean up

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 21

e Long Road to Carbon Pollution LimitsThe Obama administrationrsquos recent actions indicating progress toward carbon dioxide pollution from power plants are the culmination of a 14-year campaign to clean up the nationrsquos power plants In 1999 one year after the EPA declined to include carbon dioxide pollution limits in new vehicle emissions standards 19 environmental and public interest groups petitioned the EPA to classify carbon dioxide as an air pollutant subject to the Clean Air Act regulation83 They cited car-bon dioxidersquos contribution to global warming ndash which threatens human health and the environ-ment ndash as rationale for regulation84

In 2003 the EPA released an o$cial statement that it did not believe the Act authorized the EPA to regulate global warming pollution and that even if it did authorize regulating greenhouse gases the EPA objected to doing so on policy grounds85 However the US Supreme Court dis-agreed with the EPA in 2007 ruling with several states and environmental groups that the EPA does indeed have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases and that its policy objections were insu$cient to decline to regulate86 The court also directed the EPA to determine if greenhouse gases contribute to global warming and if so whether global warming endangered public health and welfare87 By the end of 2009 the EPA o$cially determined that emissions of carbon dioxide endanger public health and welfare by contributing to global warming88

In December 2010 the EPA announced its plan to release new performance standards and manda-tory emissions guidelines for all new fossil fuel-red power plants89 The EPA proposed an interim carbon pollution standard for new power plants in April 2012 that is in eect until a rule can be nalized90 This step set the rst-ever national limits on the amount of carbon pollution power plants can emit91

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

3Au

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

Che

naAu

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

034

4N

orth

Pol

eG

olde

n Va

lley

Elec

Ass

n In

c0

30

5H

ealy

Gol

den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

ama

Pow

er C

o7

33

4W

idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

06

5C

olbe

rtTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

Ente

rgy

Arka

nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

Ene

rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

2

79

AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t15

92

430

81

57

46

2Sp

ringe

rvill

eTu

cson

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

o11

45

3C

holla

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o7

45

4C

oron

ado

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

75

19

12

2

2D

elta

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Del

ta E

nerg

y C

ente

r LL

C1

64

3H

ayne

sLo

s An

gele

s D

epar

tmen

t of

Wat

er amp

Pow

er1

49

4C

osum

nes

Sacr

amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

5El

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o7

21

3C

hero

kee

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o4

01

4Pa

wne

ePu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

305

5H

ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

2M

ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

Pow

er C

o L

LC1

54

3Br

idge

port

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

Brid

gepo

rt E

nerg

y L

LC1

08

4Kl

een

Ener

gy S

yste

ms

Proj

ect

Klee

n En

ergy

Sys

tem

s L

LC0

70

5Br

idge

port

Sta

tion

PSEG

Pow

er C

onne

ctic

ut L

LC0

53

DC

1Be

nnin

gPo

tom

ac P

ower

Res

ourc

es0

110

210

06

6

2U

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

nU

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

n0

05

3Bu

zzar

d Po

int

Poto

mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

DE

1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

Pow

er P

ark

JEA

655

GA

1Sc

here

rG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

213

252

176

46

34

2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o14

24

3W

ansle

yG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

719

4H

arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

Rath

drum

Pow

er L

LCRa

thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

003

4Ru

pert

Cog

en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

Ope

ratio

ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

Cle

arw

ater

Pap

er C

orpo

ratio

n0

02

IL1

Bald

win

Ene

rgy

Com

plex

Dyn

egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

Gib

son

Duk

e En

ergy

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ana

Inc

169

558

752

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27

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ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

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er C

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ters

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anap

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Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o10

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M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

LC7

01

3Br

ame

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gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

Poi

nt L

LCG

enO

n C

halk

Poi

nt L

LC3

79

4H

erbe

rt A

Wag

ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

Cou

nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

Poi

nt C

ogen

erat

ion

Mar

ch P

oint

Cog

ener

atio

n C

o0

36

4M

int

Farm

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

138

849

369

75

52

2Fi

rstE

nerg

y H

arris

on P

ower

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

erAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

850

4M

itche

llO

hio

Pow

er C

o8

37

5M

t S

torm

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

818

WY

1Jim

Brid

ger

Paci

fiCor

p12

87

381

89

66

59

2La

ram

ie R

iver

Sta

tion

Basin

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

oop

122

1

3D

ave

John

ston

Paci

fiCor

p5

50

4N

augh

ton

Paci

fiCor

p5

34

5W

yoda

kPa

cifiC

orp

220

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 19: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

18 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

and contribute to heat-related deaths in a particular location59 According to a 2012 study by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) excessive heat events caused by global warming could kill up to 150000 people in Americarsquos 40 largest cities by the end of the century60

Higher temperatures may also change the patterns of occurrence of various infectious diseases A 2009 study for example found a correlation between warmer temperatures and increased reports of infec-tion by West Nile Virus61 Global warming may also increase the risk of more frequent and more wide-spread outbreaks of waterborne illnesses by allow-ing warm-water pathogens to expand into cooler climates or by exposing more urban water bodies to sewage contamination after ooding caused by major precipitation events according to NRDC62

Increases in droughts and ooding caused by global warming can also reduce water available for drinking or for irrigation they can also harm crops directly diminishing food variety nutritional content and availability all of which can contribute to malnutri-tion and the spread of disease63 Finally sea-level rise and disasters such as strong storms and oods can damage urban infrastructure and displace existing communities64

Global warming pollutants are not the only emis-sions from power plants that harm human health For example in 2010 two-thirds of all airborne mercury pollution in the United States came from the smokestacks of coal-red power plants65 Mercury is a potent neurotoxicant and exposure to mercury during critical periods of brain development can contribute to irreversible decits in verbal skills dam-age to attention and motor control and reduced IQ66 Coal- and natural gas-red power plants also emit nitrogen oxides (NOX) which exacerbate ozone smog pollution as well as other pollutants that contrib-ute to particulate matter and acid rain Like smog particulate matter pollution contributes to a host of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments67 Sulfur

dioxide too is a respiratory irritant for sensitive populations68 In addition it is a major component of acid rain that has damaged forests across the eastern United States69

Cleaning Up US Power Plants Would Cut Carbon Pollution at a Global ScaleHumanity as a whole must limit emissions to no more than 1 trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide from 2000 through 2050 in order to have a 75 percent chance of limiting the global temperature increase to 36deg F (2deg C) above the pre-industrial era ndash a target the international community has set to limit the most severe global warming impacts70 For the world this means that emissions will need to peak by 2015 and decline by more than half by 2050 to have a chance at preventing the worst impacts of climate change71 For the United States and other developed countries emission reductions must occur more quickly and more steeply with reductions of at least 25 to 40 per-cent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 to 95 percent by 205072

As of 2011 annual US greenhouse gas emissions were still 10 percent above 1990 levels73 The annual emissions from a small group of the nationrsquos dirti-est power plants are greatly hindering our ability to meet the emissions reduction targets necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming Replac-ing these power plants with zero-emission energy sources such as wind and solar power or eliminating the need for the power they produce through en-ergy e$ciency and conservation would reduce US greenhouse gas emissions to 11 percent below 1990 levels even in the absence of other eorts to reduce emissions74

Limiting carbon dioxide pollution from new and ex-isting power plants is one of the most eective ways to reduce US global warming pollution in the short run and for decades to come reducing the risk that

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 19

emissions will reach a level that triggers dangerous irreversible climate change impacts

Adopting federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution from power plants as part of a suite of policies to reduce global warming pollution at all levels of gov-ernment would help the United States achieve 2020 emissions reduction targets ndash even in the absence of a federal economy-wide cap on carbon pollu-tion For example Environment America Research amp Policy Centerrsquos 2011 report The Way Forward on Global Warming demonstrated that with a suite of

local state and federal policies to increase energy e$ciency deploy clean energy technologies and improve public transportation the United States could curb emissions of carbon dioxide from en-ergy use by as much as 35 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 20 percent below 1990 levels by 203075 A nationwide cap on carbon pollution from all sources ndash not just power plants ndash would al-low the United States to make the remaining emis-sions reductions necessary to prevent the worst impacts of global warming

20 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants

The unprecedented threat that global warm-ing poses to our health our safety and our environment demands that the United

States takes urgent action to reduce emissions of global warming pollution However US power plants currently face no federal limits on the amount of carbon dioxide pollution they can emit

Given the enormous share of global warming pollu-tion contributed by US power plants limiting car-bon dioxide emissions from both new and existing power plants must be a key part of any strategy to reduce US global warming emissions Fortunately the rst steps toward setting these standards are already being taken On June 25 2013 President Obama announced his plan to address global warm-ing through executive action using existing statu-tory authority and funds76 The two most important elements of this plan are nalizing carbon emissions standards for new power plants and directing the EPA to quickly propose and implement a limit on existing plants77

The EPA proposed a limit on new power plants in March 2012 Since then the EPA has received more than 32 million public comments supporting limiting carbon pollution from power plants and President Obama has asked the EPA to re-propose a carbon pollution standard for new power plants by September 20 201378

The originally proposed limit restricts global warm-ing pollution for facilities 25 megawatts (MW) or

larger to 1000 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity they produce79 According to the EPA this standard was based on commonly used combined-cycle natural gas power plants ndash a standard that new coal plants are highly unlikely to meet80 Existing coal plants produce an average of 2180 lbs CO2MWh with the worst plants producing more than 3000 lbs CO2MWh81

The EPA has yet to propose a standard for existing power plants a large portion of which are aging coal-red plants However the president has directed the EPA to propose and submit carbon pollution limits for existing plants by June 2014 and to nalize those limits the following year82 (See ldquoThe Long Road to Carbon Pollution Limitsrdquo on page 21)

Some states already limit carbon pollution from pow-er plants California has an economy-wide cap on car-bon dioxide emissions and nine states from Maine to Maryland participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) which caps pollution from power plants in the Northeast Once nalized the EPArsquos carbon pollution limits for all new power plants nationwide would go a long way toward reducing future US global warming pollution However the agency must also move quickly to establish strong federal standards for existing power plants ndash and force the nationrsquos largest sources of carbon pollution to clean up

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 21

e Long Road to Carbon Pollution LimitsThe Obama administrationrsquos recent actions indicating progress toward carbon dioxide pollution from power plants are the culmination of a 14-year campaign to clean up the nationrsquos power plants In 1999 one year after the EPA declined to include carbon dioxide pollution limits in new vehicle emissions standards 19 environmental and public interest groups petitioned the EPA to classify carbon dioxide as an air pollutant subject to the Clean Air Act regulation83 They cited car-bon dioxidersquos contribution to global warming ndash which threatens human health and the environ-ment ndash as rationale for regulation84

In 2003 the EPA released an o$cial statement that it did not believe the Act authorized the EPA to regulate global warming pollution and that even if it did authorize regulating greenhouse gases the EPA objected to doing so on policy grounds85 However the US Supreme Court dis-agreed with the EPA in 2007 ruling with several states and environmental groups that the EPA does indeed have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases and that its policy objections were insu$cient to decline to regulate86 The court also directed the EPA to determine if greenhouse gases contribute to global warming and if so whether global warming endangered public health and welfare87 By the end of 2009 the EPA o$cially determined that emissions of carbon dioxide endanger public health and welfare by contributing to global warming88

In December 2010 the EPA announced its plan to release new performance standards and manda-tory emissions guidelines for all new fossil fuel-red power plants89 The EPA proposed an interim carbon pollution standard for new power plants in April 2012 that is in eect until a rule can be nalized90 This step set the rst-ever national limits on the amount of carbon pollution power plants can emit91

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

3Au

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

Che

naAu

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

034

4N

orth

Pol

eG

olde

n Va

lley

Elec

Ass

n In

c0

30

5H

ealy

Gol

den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

ama

Pow

er C

o7

33

4W

idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

06

5C

olbe

rtTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

Ente

rgy

Arka

nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

Ene

rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

2

79

AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t15

92

430

81

57

46

2Sp

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rvill

eTu

cson

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

o11

45

3C

holla

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o7

45

4C

oron

ado

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

75

19

12

2

2D

elta

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rgy

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ter

Del

ta E

nerg

y C

ente

r LL

C1

64

3H

ayne

sLo

s An

gele

s D

epar

tmen

t of

Wat

er amp

Pow

er1

49

4C

osum

nes

Sacr

amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

5El

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

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olor

ado

305

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vice

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of C

olor

ado

298

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ke R

oad

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erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

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16

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d Po

wer

Pro

ject

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idge

port

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rgy

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ect

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gepo

rt E

nerg

y L

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4Kl

een

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gy S

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ms

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ect

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n En

ergy

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tem

s L

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tion

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ut L

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ac P

ower

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ourc

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d Tr

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zzar

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int

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mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

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ay R

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pine

Mid

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ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

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rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

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stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

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oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

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ns R

iver

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er P

ark

JEA

655

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here

rG

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ia P

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213

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176

46

34

2Bo

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rgia

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ower

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arlle

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anch

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eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

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re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

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i Inc

1

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o In

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87

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lect

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o L

td

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LP

0

51

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ter

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t Jr

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rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

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outh

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Amer

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Ene

rgy

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432

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uisa

Mid

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ican

Ene

rgy

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430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

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ower

and

Lig

ht C

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65

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er L

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Serv

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Inc

0

310

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4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

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005

3Be

nnet

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ount

ain

Idah

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wer

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pert

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en P

roje

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roup

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aper

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ater

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plex

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t G

ener

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n In

c12

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41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

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ME

LLC

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ppa

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mEl

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nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

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eren

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Co

746

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liet

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ana

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lifty

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ekIn

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ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

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l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

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Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

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er amp

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ht C

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wre

nce

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ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

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Pow

er C

orp

276

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City

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34

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96

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as amp

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905

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awne

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ity7

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er L

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ine

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ystic

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Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

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2Br

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int

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inio

n En

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New

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land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

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latio

n M

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Pow

er L

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erM

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nium

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er P

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LP

0

92

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P Bl

acks

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ANP

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ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

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s L

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ntic

LLC

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Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

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wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

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wer

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tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

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11

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aine

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ay E

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Cont

inue

d fro

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age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

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r as a

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Tota

l (20

10) U

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stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

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42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 20: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

Cutting US Power Plant Pollution Can Help Prevent the Worst Impacts of Global Warming 19

emissions will reach a level that triggers dangerous irreversible climate change impacts

Adopting federal limits on carbon dioxide pollution from power plants as part of a suite of policies to reduce global warming pollution at all levels of gov-ernment would help the United States achieve 2020 emissions reduction targets ndash even in the absence of a federal economy-wide cap on carbon pollu-tion For example Environment America Research amp Policy Centerrsquos 2011 report The Way Forward on Global Warming demonstrated that with a suite of

local state and federal policies to increase energy e$ciency deploy clean energy technologies and improve public transportation the United States could curb emissions of carbon dioxide from en-ergy use by as much as 35 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 and 20 percent below 1990 levels by 203075 A nationwide cap on carbon pollution from all sources ndash not just power plants ndash would al-low the United States to make the remaining emis-sions reductions necessary to prevent the worst impacts of global warming

20 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants

The unprecedented threat that global warm-ing poses to our health our safety and our environment demands that the United

States takes urgent action to reduce emissions of global warming pollution However US power plants currently face no federal limits on the amount of carbon dioxide pollution they can emit

Given the enormous share of global warming pollu-tion contributed by US power plants limiting car-bon dioxide emissions from both new and existing power plants must be a key part of any strategy to reduce US global warming emissions Fortunately the rst steps toward setting these standards are already being taken On June 25 2013 President Obama announced his plan to address global warm-ing through executive action using existing statu-tory authority and funds76 The two most important elements of this plan are nalizing carbon emissions standards for new power plants and directing the EPA to quickly propose and implement a limit on existing plants77

The EPA proposed a limit on new power plants in March 2012 Since then the EPA has received more than 32 million public comments supporting limiting carbon pollution from power plants and President Obama has asked the EPA to re-propose a carbon pollution standard for new power plants by September 20 201378

The originally proposed limit restricts global warm-ing pollution for facilities 25 megawatts (MW) or

larger to 1000 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity they produce79 According to the EPA this standard was based on commonly used combined-cycle natural gas power plants ndash a standard that new coal plants are highly unlikely to meet80 Existing coal plants produce an average of 2180 lbs CO2MWh with the worst plants producing more than 3000 lbs CO2MWh81

The EPA has yet to propose a standard for existing power plants a large portion of which are aging coal-red plants However the president has directed the EPA to propose and submit carbon pollution limits for existing plants by June 2014 and to nalize those limits the following year82 (See ldquoThe Long Road to Carbon Pollution Limitsrdquo on page 21)

Some states already limit carbon pollution from pow-er plants California has an economy-wide cap on car-bon dioxide emissions and nine states from Maine to Maryland participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) which caps pollution from power plants in the Northeast Once nalized the EPArsquos carbon pollution limits for all new power plants nationwide would go a long way toward reducing future US global warming pollution However the agency must also move quickly to establish strong federal standards for existing power plants ndash and force the nationrsquos largest sources of carbon pollution to clean up

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 21

e Long Road to Carbon Pollution LimitsThe Obama administrationrsquos recent actions indicating progress toward carbon dioxide pollution from power plants are the culmination of a 14-year campaign to clean up the nationrsquos power plants In 1999 one year after the EPA declined to include carbon dioxide pollution limits in new vehicle emissions standards 19 environmental and public interest groups petitioned the EPA to classify carbon dioxide as an air pollutant subject to the Clean Air Act regulation83 They cited car-bon dioxidersquos contribution to global warming ndash which threatens human health and the environ-ment ndash as rationale for regulation84

In 2003 the EPA released an o$cial statement that it did not believe the Act authorized the EPA to regulate global warming pollution and that even if it did authorize regulating greenhouse gases the EPA objected to doing so on policy grounds85 However the US Supreme Court dis-agreed with the EPA in 2007 ruling with several states and environmental groups that the EPA does indeed have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases and that its policy objections were insu$cient to decline to regulate86 The court also directed the EPA to determine if greenhouse gases contribute to global warming and if so whether global warming endangered public health and welfare87 By the end of 2009 the EPA o$cially determined that emissions of carbon dioxide endanger public health and welfare by contributing to global warming88

In December 2010 the EPA announced its plan to release new performance standards and manda-tory emissions guidelines for all new fossil fuel-red power plants89 The EPA proposed an interim carbon pollution standard for new power plants in April 2012 that is in eect until a rule can be nalized90 This step set the rst-ever national limits on the amount of carbon pollution power plants can emit91

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

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e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

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re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

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rora

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rgy

LLC

Che

naAu

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rgy

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034

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orth

Pol

eG

olde

n Va

lley

Elec

Ass

n In

c0

30

5H

ealy

Gol

den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

ama

Pow

er C

o7

33

4W

idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

06

5C

olbe

rtTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

Ente

rgy

Arka

nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

Ene

rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

U

nion

Pow

er P

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ers

LP

2

79

AZ1

Nav

ajo

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Rive

r Pr

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t15

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430

81

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46

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rvill

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cson

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

o11

45

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holla

Ariz

ona

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ic S

ervi

ce C

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Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t5

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ite G

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atin

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atio

nM

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ite P

ower

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250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

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n C

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85

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ter

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y C

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r LL

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er amp

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er1

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amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

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k H

ills

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er L

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k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

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tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

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re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

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Stat

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nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

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sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

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tor

as a

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re o

f St

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ide

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l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

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ce C

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f Col

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ic S

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blic

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of C

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ado

305

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ayde

nPu

blic

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vice

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of C

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ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

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ing

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tLa

ke R

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Gen

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ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

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d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

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er C

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rgy

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rt E

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y L

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gy S

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ms

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n En

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tem

s L

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tion

PSEG

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er C

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53

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tom

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ourc

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S G

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g an

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d Po

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er R

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rces

001

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1H

ay R

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Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

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170

39

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36

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dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

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nIn

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er O

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tions

Inc

157

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ge M

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pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

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4D

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are

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Pla

ntD

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are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

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018

5N

RG E

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y C

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r D

over

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rgy

Cen

ter

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er L

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FL1

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ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

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ctric

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918

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est

Cou

nty

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gy C

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rFl

orid

a Po

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ight

Co

789

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ole

Sem

inol

e El

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ic C

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e In

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ns R

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er P

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er C

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arlle

e Br

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515

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tes

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rgia

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er C

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16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

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tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

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ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

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re o

f Sta

tew

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l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

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ic C

o In

c0

87

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aala

eaM

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lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

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0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

Rath

drum

Pow

er L

LCRa

thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

003

4Ru

pert

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en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

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ratio

ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

Cle

arw

ater

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er C

orpo

ratio

n0

02

IL1

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win

Ene

rgy

Com

plex

Dyn

egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

Gib

son

Duk

e En

ergy

Indi

ana

Inc

169

558

752

52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

Indi

anap

olis

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o10

05

4R

M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

LC7

01

3Br

ame

Ener

gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

Poi

nt L

LCG

enO

n C

halk

Poi

nt L

LC3

79

4H

erbe

rt A

Wag

ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

Cou

nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

Poi

nt C

ogen

erat

ion

Mar

ch P

oint

Cog

ener

atio

n C

o0

36

4M

int

Farm

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

138

849

369

75

52

2Fi

rstE

nerg

y H

arris

on P

ower

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

erAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

850

4M

itche

llO

hio

Pow

er C

o8

37

5M

t S

torm

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

818

WY

1Jim

Brid

ger

Paci

fiCor

p12

87

381

89

66

59

2La

ram

ie R

iver

Sta

tion

Basin

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

oop

122

1

3D

ave

John

ston

Paci

fiCor

p5

50

4N

augh

ton

Paci

fiCor

p5

34

5W

yoda

kPa

cifiC

orp

220

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 21: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

20 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants

The unprecedented threat that global warm-ing poses to our health our safety and our environment demands that the United

States takes urgent action to reduce emissions of global warming pollution However US power plants currently face no federal limits on the amount of carbon dioxide pollution they can emit

Given the enormous share of global warming pollu-tion contributed by US power plants limiting car-bon dioxide emissions from both new and existing power plants must be a key part of any strategy to reduce US global warming emissions Fortunately the rst steps toward setting these standards are already being taken On June 25 2013 President Obama announced his plan to address global warm-ing through executive action using existing statu-tory authority and funds76 The two most important elements of this plan are nalizing carbon emissions standards for new power plants and directing the EPA to quickly propose and implement a limit on existing plants77

The EPA proposed a limit on new power plants in March 2012 Since then the EPA has received more than 32 million public comments supporting limiting carbon pollution from power plants and President Obama has asked the EPA to re-propose a carbon pollution standard for new power plants by September 20 201378

The originally proposed limit restricts global warm-ing pollution for facilities 25 megawatts (MW) or

larger to 1000 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity they produce79 According to the EPA this standard was based on commonly used combined-cycle natural gas power plants ndash a standard that new coal plants are highly unlikely to meet80 Existing coal plants produce an average of 2180 lbs CO2MWh with the worst plants producing more than 3000 lbs CO2MWh81

The EPA has yet to propose a standard for existing power plants a large portion of which are aging coal-red plants However the president has directed the EPA to propose and submit carbon pollution limits for existing plants by June 2014 and to nalize those limits the following year82 (See ldquoThe Long Road to Carbon Pollution Limitsrdquo on page 21)

Some states already limit carbon pollution from pow-er plants California has an economy-wide cap on car-bon dioxide emissions and nine states from Maine to Maryland participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) which caps pollution from power plants in the Northeast Once nalized the EPArsquos carbon pollution limits for all new power plants nationwide would go a long way toward reducing future US global warming pollution However the agency must also move quickly to establish strong federal standards for existing power plants ndash and force the nationrsquos largest sources of carbon pollution to clean up

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 21

e Long Road to Carbon Pollution LimitsThe Obama administrationrsquos recent actions indicating progress toward carbon dioxide pollution from power plants are the culmination of a 14-year campaign to clean up the nationrsquos power plants In 1999 one year after the EPA declined to include carbon dioxide pollution limits in new vehicle emissions standards 19 environmental and public interest groups petitioned the EPA to classify carbon dioxide as an air pollutant subject to the Clean Air Act regulation83 They cited car-bon dioxidersquos contribution to global warming ndash which threatens human health and the environ-ment ndash as rationale for regulation84

In 2003 the EPA released an o$cial statement that it did not believe the Act authorized the EPA to regulate global warming pollution and that even if it did authorize regulating greenhouse gases the EPA objected to doing so on policy grounds85 However the US Supreme Court dis-agreed with the EPA in 2007 ruling with several states and environmental groups that the EPA does indeed have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases and that its policy objections were insu$cient to decline to regulate86 The court also directed the EPA to determine if greenhouse gases contribute to global warming and if so whether global warming endangered public health and welfare87 By the end of 2009 the EPA o$cially determined that emissions of carbon dioxide endanger public health and welfare by contributing to global warming88

In December 2010 the EPA announced its plan to release new performance standards and manda-tory emissions guidelines for all new fossil fuel-red power plants89 The EPA proposed an interim carbon pollution standard for new power plants in April 2012 that is in eect until a rule can be nalized90 This step set the rst-ever national limits on the amount of carbon pollution power plants can emit91

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

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erat

ion

Plan

t 2

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orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

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n In

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den

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ec A

ssn

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er Jr

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wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

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2E

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wer

Co

102

9

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see

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ity4

75

AR1

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pend

ence

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rgy

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6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

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ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

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rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

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400

4Fl

int

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ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

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er P

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ers

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nion

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ers

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79

AZ1

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ajo

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57

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ona

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ic S

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ado

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r Pr

ojec

t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

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erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

75

19

12

2

2D

elta

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rgy

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ter

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ta E

nerg

y C

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r LL

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ayne

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s An

gele

s D

epar

tmen

t of

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er amp

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er1

49

4C

osum

nes

Sacr

amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

5El

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

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ce C

o o

f Col

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of C

olor

ado

305

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Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

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ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

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tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

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ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

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o L

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54

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idge

port

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rgy

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ect

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rt E

nerg

y L

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een

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gy S

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ms

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ect

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n En

ergy

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tem

s L

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70

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port

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tion

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onne

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ut L

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53

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nnin

gPo

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ac P

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ourc

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6

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d Tr

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zzar

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int

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mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

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1H

ay R

oad

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pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

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ter

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er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

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oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

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er P

ark

JEA

655

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here

rG

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ia P

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213

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176

46

34

2Bo

wen

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rgia

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o14

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ansle

yG

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719

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arlle

e Br

anch

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eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

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wer

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tor

as a

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re o

f St

atew

ide

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l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

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1

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aiia

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o In

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87

4M

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lect

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o L

td

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5Ka

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LP

0

51

IA1

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ter

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t Jr

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rgy

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ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

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116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

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576

3G

eorg

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outh

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Amer

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Ene

rgy

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432

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uisa

Mid

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ican

Ene

rgy

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430

5O

ttum

wa

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ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

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er L

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Inc

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310

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4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

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005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

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003

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pert

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en P

roje

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roup

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5C

lear

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er P

aper

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ater

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plex

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t G

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n In

c12

83

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41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

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ME

LLC

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3Jo

ppa

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mEl

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ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

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746

5Jo

liet

29M

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erat

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EM

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e En

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ana

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169

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27

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rtIn

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a M

ichi

gan

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er C

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er amp

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fer

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ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

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lifty

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ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

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l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

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l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

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er amp

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ht C

o8

22

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wre

nce

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gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

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50

KY1

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72

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54

63

34

2Pa

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nnes

see

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y Au

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96

3M

ill C

reek

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svill

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as amp

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Co

905

4H

L S

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st K

entu

cky

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er C

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891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

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y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

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19

12

2R

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er L

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4D

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Pow

er L

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14

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ine

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ntEn

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y Lo

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na In

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62

MA

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ystic

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ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

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6410

566

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16

2Br

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n Po

int

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inio

n En

ergy

New

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land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

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ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

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4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

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rgy

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ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

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1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

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n Po

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s L

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28

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n G

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g Pl

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LLC

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n C

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79

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5D

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ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

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rVe

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Buck

spor

t L

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aine

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pend

ence

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tion

Cas

co B

ay E

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y C

o L

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mfo

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ford

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er0

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in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

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r An

dros

cogg

in L

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1M

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it Ed

ison

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163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

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sum

ers

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16

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91

4St

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654

5Tr

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n C

hann

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376

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nty

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ther

n St

ates

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er C

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27

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lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

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42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 22: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

Carbon Pollution Standards Are Needed to Clean Up Existing Power Plants 21

e Long Road to Carbon Pollution LimitsThe Obama administrationrsquos recent actions indicating progress toward carbon dioxide pollution from power plants are the culmination of a 14-year campaign to clean up the nationrsquos power plants In 1999 one year after the EPA declined to include carbon dioxide pollution limits in new vehicle emissions standards 19 environmental and public interest groups petitioned the EPA to classify carbon dioxide as an air pollutant subject to the Clean Air Act regulation83 They cited car-bon dioxidersquos contribution to global warming ndash which threatens human health and the environ-ment ndash as rationale for regulation84

In 2003 the EPA released an o$cial statement that it did not believe the Act authorized the EPA to regulate global warming pollution and that even if it did authorize regulating greenhouse gases the EPA objected to doing so on policy grounds85 However the US Supreme Court dis-agreed with the EPA in 2007 ruling with several states and environmental groups that the EPA does indeed have the authority to regulate greenhouse gases and that its policy objections were insu$cient to decline to regulate86 The court also directed the EPA to determine if greenhouse gases contribute to global warming and if so whether global warming endangered public health and welfare87 By the end of 2009 the EPA o$cially determined that emissions of carbon dioxide endanger public health and welfare by contributing to global warming88

In December 2010 the EPA announced its plan to release new performance standards and manda-tory emissions guidelines for all new fossil fuel-red power plants89 The EPA proposed an interim carbon pollution standard for new power plants in April 2012 that is in eect until a rule can be nalized90 This step set the rst-ever national limits on the amount of carbon pollution power plants can emit91

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

3Au

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

Che

naAu

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

034

4N

orth

Pol

eG

olde

n Va

lley

Elec

Ass

n In

c0

30

5H

ealy

Gol

den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

ama

Pow

er C

o7

33

4W

idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

06

5C

olbe

rtTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

Ente

rgy

Arka

nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

Ene

rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

2

79

AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

Rive

r Pr

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t15

92

430

81

57

46

2Sp

ringe

rvill

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cson

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

o11

45

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holla

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o7

45

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oron

ado

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

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atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

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n C

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85

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19

12

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ter

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ta E

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y C

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r LL

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epar

tmen

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er amp

Pow

er1

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nes

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amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

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k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

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re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

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ce C

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f Col

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hero

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ic S

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ePu

blic

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vice

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of C

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ado

305

5H

ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

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d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

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er C

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idge

port

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rgy

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rt E

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gy S

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ms

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n En

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tem

s L

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Sta

tion

PSEG

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er C

onne

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ut L

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53

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tom

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ourc

es0

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S G

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g an

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d Po

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er R

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ay R

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Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

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170

39

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36

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dian

Riv

er G

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atin

g St

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nIn

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er O

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tions

Inc

157

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ge M

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pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

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Pla

ntD

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are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

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018

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RG E

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y C

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r D

over

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ter

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er L

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FL1

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ida

Inc

102

441

737

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18

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g Be

ndTa

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ctric

Co

918

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est

Cou

nty

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gy C

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rFl

orid

a Po

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ight

Co

789

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min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

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ic C

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e In

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ns R

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er P

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er C

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arlle

e Br

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515

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tes

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rgia

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er C

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16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

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tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

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ns fo

r Pow

er-S

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r as a

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re o

f Sta

tew

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l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

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ican

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rgy

Co

430

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wa

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rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

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er L

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um O

pera

ting

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ices

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Inc

0

310

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4

4

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ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

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plex

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o Po

wer

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005

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nnet

t M

ount

ain

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wer

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003

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pert

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en P

roje

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ergy

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ns G

roup

003

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er P

aper

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arw

ater

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er C

orpo

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n0

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win

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rgy

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plex

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egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

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mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

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son

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e En

ergy

Indi

ana

Inc

169

558

752

52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

Indi

anap

olis

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o10

05

4R

M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

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radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

LC7

01

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ame

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gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

Poi

nt L

LCG

enO

n C

halk

Poi

nt L

LC3

79

4H

erbe

rt A

Wag

ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

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LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

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er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

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Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

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oung

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nkot

a Po

wer

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p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

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erat

ing

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ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

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solid

ated

Edi

son

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NY

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168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

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o Po

wer

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165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

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n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

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g C

o7

60

5M

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i For

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uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

Cou

nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

Poi

nt C

ogen

erat

ion

Mar

ch P

oint

Cog

ener

atio

n C

o0

36

4M

int

Farm

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

138

849

369

75

52

2Fi

rstE

nerg

y H

arris

on P

ower

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

erAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

850

4M

itche

llO

hio

Pow

er C

o8

37

5M

t S

torm

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

818

WY

1Jim

Brid

ger

Paci

fiCor

p12

87

381

89

66

59

2La

ram

ie R

iver

Sta

tion

Basin

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

oop

122

1

3D

ave

John

ston

Paci

fiCor

p5

50

4N

augh

ton

Paci

fiCor

p5

34

5W

yoda

kPa

cifiC

orp

220

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 23: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

22 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Policy Recommendations

To protect our health our economy and our environment from the dangers of global warming America must clean up its dirtiest power plants

The Obama Administration should set strong limits on carbon dioxide pollution from new power plants to prevent the construction of a new generation of dirty power plants and force exist-ing power plants to clean up by setting strong limits on carbon dioxide emissions for all existing power plants

ordm New plants ndash The EPA should work to meet its September 2013 deadline for re-proposing a stringent emissions standard for new power plants It should also set a deadline for nalizing these standards no later than June 2015

ordm Existing plants ndash The EPA should work to meet the timeline put forth by President Obama for proposing and nalizing emissions standards for existing power plants This timeline calls for limits on existing plants to be proposed by June 2014 and nalized by June 201592 The stan-dards should be based on climate science and designed to achieve the emissions reductions targets that are necessary to avoid the worst impacts of global warming

In addition to cutting pollution from power plants the United States should adopt a suite of clean energy policies at the local state and federal level to curb emissions of carbon dioxide from energy use in other sectors

In particular the United States should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national plan to reduce carbon pollution from all sources ndash includ-ing transportation industrial activities and the commercial and residential sectors

Other policies to curb emissions include

Retrotting three-quarters of Americarsquos homes and businesses for improved energy e$ciency and implementing strong building energy codes to dramatically reduce fossil fuel consumption in new homes and businesses

Adopting a federal renewable electricity standard that calls for 25 percent of Americarsquos electricity to come from clean renewable sources by 2025

Installing more than 200 gigawatts of solar panels and other forms of distributed renew-able energy at residential commercial and industrial buildings over the next two decades

Strengthening and implementing state energy e$ciency resource standards that require utili-ties to deliver energy e$ciency improvements in homes businesses and industries

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

3Au

rora

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rgy

LLC

Che

naAu

rora

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rgy

LLC

034

4N

orth

Pol

eG

olde

n Va

lley

Elec

Ass

n In

c0

30

5H

ealy

Gol

den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

ama

Pow

er C

o7

33

4W

idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

06

5C

olbe

rtTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

Ente

rgy

Arka

nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

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rgy

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ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

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LP

U

nion

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er P

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LP

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79

AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

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r Pr

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92

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81

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rvill

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ctric

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er C

o11

45

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holla

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ervi

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45

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Salt

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r Pr

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t5

66

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esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

75

19

12

2

2D

elta

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rgy

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ter

Del

ta E

nerg

y C

ente

r LL

C1

64

3H

ayne

sLo

s An

gele

s D

epar

tmen

t of

Wat

er amp

Pow

er1

49

4C

osum

nes

Sacr

amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

5El

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

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ce C

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f Col

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olor

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305

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of C

olor

ado

298

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ke R

oad

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erat

ing

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tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

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16

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d Po

wer

Pro

ject

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ord

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er C

o L

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idge

port

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rgy

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ect

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gepo

rt E

nerg

y L

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een

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gy S

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ms

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ect

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n En

ergy

Sys

tem

s L

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idge

port

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tion

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onne

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ut L

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nnin

gPo

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ac P

ower

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ourc

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d Tr

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zzar

d Po

int

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mac

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er R

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rces

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ay R

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pine

Mid

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ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

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99

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36

2In

dian

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er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

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rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

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stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

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inol

e El

ectr

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oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

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ns R

iver

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er P

ark

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655

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here

rG

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ia P

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213

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176

46

34

2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

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er C

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ower

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arlle

e Br

anch

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eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

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aiia

n El

ectr

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o In

c0

87

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aala

eaM

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lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

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ntKa

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oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

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t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

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Pow

er L

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um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

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4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

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003

4Ru

pert

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en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

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ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

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ater

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er C

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win

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plex

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egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

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n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

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mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

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rgy

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erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

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erat

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EM

E L

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ergy

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ana

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169

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27

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rtIn

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a M

ichi

gan

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er C

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ters

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er amp

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ht C

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fer

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ther

n In

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a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

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ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

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ht C

o8

22

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wre

nce

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gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

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Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

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City

of K

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50

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72

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34

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96

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svill

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as amp

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905

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L S

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er C

oop

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891

5Sh

awne

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y Au

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ity7

80

LA1

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er L

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ine

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y Lo

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ystic

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ion

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stel

latio

n M

ystic

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er L

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6410

566

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16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

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inio

n En

ergy

New

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land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

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ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

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P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

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n Po

wer

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ding

s L

LC6

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28

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orga

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On

Mid

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ntic

LLC

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Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

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rVe

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Buck

spor

t L

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73

3M

aine

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pend

ence

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tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

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4Ru

mfo

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ower

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ford

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er0

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nerg

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rVe

rso

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r An

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cogg

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1M

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ison

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163

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42

27

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376

MN

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nty

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ther

n St

ates

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er C

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neso

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263

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31

27

2C

lay

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ell

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neso

ta P

ower

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3Al

len

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ther

n St

ates

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er C

o ndash

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neso

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4Bl

ack

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orth

ern

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es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

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r En

ergy

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ter

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neso

ta P

ower

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120

MO

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badi

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nion

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ctric

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ndash (

MO

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501

62

56

35

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as C

ity P

ower

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ight

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omas

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ed E

lect

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oop

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sh Is

land

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lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

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ciat

ed E

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ric C

oop

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anie

l Jr

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issip

pi P

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61

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25

2Re

d H

ills

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ctaw

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74

3Ja

ck W

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ississ

ippi

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er C

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73

4Ba

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y M

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ippi

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5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

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issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

Cou

nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

Poi

nt C

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42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 24: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

Policy Recommendations 23

Encouraging the use of energy-saving combined heat-and-power systems in industry

Setting strong energy e$ciency standards for household appliances and commercial equip-ment and promoting the use of energy-e$cient boilers process heat systems and energy-saving combined heat-and-power in industrial facilities

Facilitating the deployment of millions of plug-in vehicles that operate partly or solely on electric-ity and adopting clean fuel standards that require a reduction in the carbon intensity of transporta-tion fuels The US should also adopt strong fuel economy standards for heavy-duty trucks

Ensuring that the majority of new residential and commercial development in metropolitan areas takes place in compact walkable communities with access to a range of transportation options

Expanding public transportation service to double ridership by 2030 encouraging further ridership increases through better transit service

and reducing per-mile global warming pollution from transit vehicles The US should also build high-speed rail lines in 11 high-priority corridors by 2030

Carrying out President Obamarsquos Executive Order 13514 which requires large reductions in global warming pollution from federal agencies

Rejecting proposals to increase our access to and use of carbon-intensive fuels including current proposals to import tar sands oil from Canada via the Keystone XL pipeline and to open more land to hydraulic fracturing for shale oil and natural gas

Strengthening and expanding the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which limits carbon dioxide pollution from power plants in nine northeastern states and implementing Califor-niarsquos Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) which places an economy-wide cap on the statersquos greenhouse gas emissions

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

3Au

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

Che

naAu

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

034

4N

orth

Pol

eG

olde

n Va

lley

Elec

Ass

n In

c0

30

5H

ealy

Gol

den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

ama

Pow

er C

o7

33

4W

idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

06

5C

olbe

rtTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

Ente

rgy

Arka

nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

Ene

rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

2

79

AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t15

92

430

81

57

46

2Sp

ringe

rvill

eTu

cson

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

o11

45

3C

holla

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o7

45

4C

oron

ado

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

75

19

12

2

2D

elta

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Del

ta E

nerg

y C

ente

r LL

C1

64

3H

ayne

sLo

s An

gele

s D

epar

tmen

t of

Wat

er amp

Pow

er1

49

4C

osum

nes

Sacr

amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

5El

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o7

21

3C

hero

kee

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o4

01

4Pa

wne

ePu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

305

5H

ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

2M

ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

Pow

er C

o L

LC1

54

3Br

idge

port

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

Brid

gepo

rt E

nerg

y L

LC1

08

4Kl

een

Ener

gy S

yste

ms

Proj

ect

Klee

n En

ergy

Sys

tem

s L

LC0

70

5Br

idge

port

Sta

tion

PSEG

Pow

er C

onne

ctic

ut L

LC0

53

DC

1Be

nnin

gPo

tom

ac P

ower

Res

ourc

es0

110

210

06

6

2U

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

nU

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

n0

05

3Bu

zzar

d Po

int

Poto

mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

DE

1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

Pow

er P

ark

JEA

655

GA

1Sc

here

rG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

213

252

176

46

34

2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o14

24

3W

ansle

yG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

719

4H

arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

Rath

drum

Pow

er L

LCRa

thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

003

4Ru

pert

Cog

en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

Ope

ratio

ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

Cle

arw

ater

Pap

er C

orpo

ratio

n0

02

IL1

Bald

win

Ene

rgy

Com

plex

Dyn

egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

Gib

son

Duk

e En

ergy

Indi

ana

Inc

169

558

752

52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

Indi

anap

olis

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o10

05

4R

M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

LC7

01

3Br

ame

Ener

gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

Poi

nt L

LCG

enO

n C

halk

Poi

nt L

LC3

79

4H

erbe

rt A

Wag

ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

Cou

nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

Poi

nt C

ogen

erat

ion

Mar

ch P

oint

Cog

ener

atio

n C

o0

36

4M

int

Farm

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

138

849

369

75

52

2Fi

rstE

nerg

y H

arris

on P

ower

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

erAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

850

4M

itche

llO

hio

Pow

er C

o8

37

5M

t S

torm

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

818

WY

1Jim

Brid

ger

Paci

fiCor

p12

87

381

89

66

59

2La

ram

ie R

iver

Sta

tion

Basin

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

oop

122

1

3D

ave

John

ston

Paci

fiCor

p5

50

4N

augh

ton

Paci

fiCor

p5

34

5W

yoda

kPa

cifiC

orp

220

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 25: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

24 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

In this report we examine emissions of carbon di-oxide from all utility and non-utility power plants within the United States in 2011 We derive emis-

sions data from fuel consumption gures reported to the US Department of Energy and estimates of the carbon content of each fuel source developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency Details follow

We obtained fuel consumption and electricity generation data for power plants operating in the United States from the US Department of Energyrsquos Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2011 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series93 We focused on fuel consumption for electricity generation excluding any fuel consumption for the purposes of generating heat

We obtained estimates of the carbon dioxide emissions created per unit of energy output of the dierent fuels used in electricity generation from the US Environmental Protection Agency Center for Climate Leadership Emission Factors for Green-house Gas Inventories November 2011 and US Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 April 2013 Table 3 lists these coe$cients For all biomass fuels including wood waste and the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste we assigned an emissions value of zero since these

fuels are already part of the non-fossil portion of the worldrsquos carbon cycle

We multiplied fuel consumption in terms of heat content by the appropriate carbon dioxide emissions factors yielding an estimate of 2011 carbon dioxide emissions by plant Using database tools we sorted or aggregated the data in various ways to generate the facts in this report Our methodology resulted in a value for 2011 carbon dioxide pollution from the power sector very similar to that listed in the EPArsquos 2011 greenhouse gas emissions inventory (see above) our analy-sis resulted in a value of 2202 MMT of carbon dioxide from all US power plants while the EPArsquos emissions inventory gave a value of 2159 MMT of carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector ndash a dierence of less than 2 percent EIArsquos 2011 Annual Energy Review lists a value of 2166 MMT of carbon dioxide emitted by power plants in 201194

We chose to estimate 2011 carbon dioxide pollu-tion based on plant-level energy consumption data because EIArsquos Form 923 database (which contains such data) includes information on a broader range of power plants than the EPArsquos Air Markets Program Data which provides estimates of carbon dioxide emissions for a subset of large electric power plants95

Methodology

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

3Au

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

Che

naAu

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

034

4N

orth

Pol

eG

olde

n Va

lley

Elec

Ass

n In

c0

30

5H

ealy

Gol

den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

ama

Pow

er C

o7

33

4W

idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

06

5C

olbe

rtTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

Ente

rgy

Arka

nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

Ene

rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

2

79

AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t15

92

430

81

57

46

2Sp

ringe

rvill

eTu

cson

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

o11

45

3C

holla

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o7

45

4C

oron

ado

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

75

19

12

2

2D

elta

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Del

ta E

nerg

y C

ente

r LL

C1

64

3H

ayne

sLo

s An

gele

s D

epar

tmen

t of

Wat

er amp

Pow

er1

49

4C

osum

nes

Sacr

amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

5El

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o7

21

3C

hero

kee

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o4

01

4Pa

wne

ePu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

305

5H

ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

2M

ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

Pow

er C

o L

LC1

54

3Br

idge

port

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

Brid

gepo

rt E

nerg

y L

LC1

08

4Kl

een

Ener

gy S

yste

ms

Proj

ect

Klee

n En

ergy

Sys

tem

s L

LC0

70

5Br

idge

port

Sta

tion

PSEG

Pow

er C

onne

ctic

ut L

LC0

53

DC

1Be

nnin

gPo

tom

ac P

ower

Res

ourc

es0

110

210

06

6

2U

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

nU

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

n0

05

3Bu

zzar

d Po

int

Poto

mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

DE

1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

Pow

er P

ark

JEA

655

GA

1Sc

here

rG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

213

252

176

46

34

2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o14

24

3W

ansle

yG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

719

4H

arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

Rath

drum

Pow

er L

LCRa

thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

003

4Ru

pert

Cog

en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

Ope

ratio

ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

Cle

arw

ater

Pap

er C

orpo

ratio

n0

02

IL1

Bald

win

Ene

rgy

Com

plex

Dyn

egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

Gib

son

Duk

e En

ergy

Indi

ana

Inc

169

558

752

52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

Indi

anap

olis

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o10

05

4R

M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

LC7

01

3Br

ame

Ener

gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

Poi

nt L

LCG

enO

n C

halk

Poi

nt L

LC3

79

4H

erbe

rt A

Wag

ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

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Pollu

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uted

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Pow

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Estim

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Cont

ribu

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Gen

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Stat

ion

PSEG

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ona

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ic S

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o o

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115

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Inc

1

78

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CAM

S N

M L

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24

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nerg

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blic

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vice

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of N

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70

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id G

ardn

er

Nev

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Pow

er C

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44

28

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huck

Len

zie

Gen

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ing

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ion

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ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

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Val

my

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ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

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gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

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mer

set

LLC

AES

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t L

LC3

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22

7

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iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

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unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

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kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

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Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

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5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

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son

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Inc

168

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1G

ener

al Ja

mes

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avin

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o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

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ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

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l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

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re o

f St

atew

ide

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l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

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ce C

o o

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ahom

a8

60

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nd R

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Dam

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17

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a G

as amp

Ele

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696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

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1Bo

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an

Port

land

Gen

eral

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ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

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erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

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tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

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Co

LP

0

92

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amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

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Pow

er P

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ipH

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er P

artn

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ip0

45

PA1

Firs

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Bruc

e M

ansfi

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Firs

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erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

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lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

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ysto

neG

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n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

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augh

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Nor

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st M

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Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

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ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

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Inc

061

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te P

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IIO

cean

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te P

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II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

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ssSo

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Car

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Car

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a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

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03

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ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

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arol

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Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

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r Nam

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s (M

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etri

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ns

of C

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l Em

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ons o

f To

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Emis

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10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

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ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

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Top

5plusmn

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Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

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23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

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s Po

wer

Inc

019

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roto

n G

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sin E

lect

ric P

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p0

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gus

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es P

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ndash M

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000

TN1

Cum

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nnes

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Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

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34

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y Au

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59

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tin L

ake

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inan

t G

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n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

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ower

LLC

178

1

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n C

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69

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0

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lect

ric P

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Co

110

1

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1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

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ater

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120

530

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54

49

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cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

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fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

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eser

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ener

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n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

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cifiC

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138

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Ele

ctric

amp P

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611

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60

31

19

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love

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rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

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er C

o4

92

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lect

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er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

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ener

atin

g St

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nask

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Cont

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age

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Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

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nkPl

ant N

ame

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rato

r Nam

e

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sion

s (M

illon

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etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

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ons o

f To

p 5

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ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

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sion

s fo

r Top

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tor

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l (20

11)

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s for

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wer

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ide

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l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

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ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

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0

0

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n Po

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p0

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C M

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on E

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VT)

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en M

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er C

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000

5Ru

tland

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tral

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mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

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WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

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erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

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tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

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15

2Ri

ver

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Gen

Pla

ntPU

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o 1

of C

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nty

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039

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nt C

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ch P

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t So

und

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gy In

c0

27

5C

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lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

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onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

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665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

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vice

Cor

p5

82

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uth

Oak

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ekW

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sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

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osAp

pala

chia

n Po

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138

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nerg

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arris

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ower

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tion

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ghen

y En

ergy

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LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

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pala

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n Po

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850

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er C

o8

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5M

t S

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818

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fiCor

p12

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at th

is po

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pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

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btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

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l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

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ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 26: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

Methodology 25

Table 3 Carbon Dioxide Emission Coecients

Category Fuel Emission Coecient (Kg CO2 MMBtu)

Coal Bituminous 9340

Coal Lignite 9636

Coal Sub-Bituminous 9702

Coal Waste Coal96 9438

Coal Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas97 9438

Coal Anthracite 10354

Coal Coal-Based Synfuel98 9291

Petroleum Products Distillate Fuel Oil99 7315

Petroleum Products Jet Fuel 7222

Petroleum Products Kerosene 7520

Petroleum Products Petroleum Coke 10241

Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Coke-Derived

Synthesis Gas100 10241

Petroleum Products Residual Fuel Oil101 7880

Petroleum Products Propane 6146

Petroleum Products Waste Oil102 6653

Natural Gas and other gases Natural Gas103 5302

Natural Gas and other gases Blast Furnace Gas104 27432

Natural Gas and other gases Other Fossil-Fuel Gas105 5900

Other Purchased Steam106 8818

Other Tire-Derived Fuels107 8597

OtherMunicipal Solid Waste - Non-

Biogenic Fraction9070

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

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or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

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by

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er P

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etri

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of C

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l Em

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ts

(MM

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2)

Emis

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ide

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l (20

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Estim

ated

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are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

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ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

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Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

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e M

Sul

livan

Gen

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Plan

t 2

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unic

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orth

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Ass

n In

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ealy

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y El

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023

AL1

Jam

es H

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er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

ama

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er C

o7

33

4W

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s C

reek

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Valle

y Au

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ity5

06

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rtTe

nnes

see

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y Au

thor

ity4

75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

Ente

rgy

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nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

Ene

rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

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ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

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er P

artn

ers

LP

U

nion

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er P

artn

ers

LP

2

79

AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t15

92

430

81

57

46

2Sp

ringe

rvill

eTu

cson

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ctric

Pow

er C

o11

45

3C

holla

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ona

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ic S

ervi

ce C

o7

45

4C

oron

ado

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

75

19

12

2

2D

elta

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Del

ta E

nerg

y C

ente

r LL

C1

64

3H

ayne

sLo

s An

gele

s D

epar

tmen

t of

Wat

er amp

Pow

er1

49

4C

osum

nes

Sacr

amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

5El

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o7

21

3C

hero

kee

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o4

01

4Pa

wne

ePu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

305

5H

ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

2M

ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

Pow

er C

o L

LC1

54

3Br

idge

port

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

Brid

gepo

rt E

nerg

y L

LC1

08

4Kl

een

Ener

gy S

yste

ms

Proj

ect

Klee

n En

ergy

Sys

tem

s L

LC0

70

5Br

idge

port

Sta

tion

PSEG

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er C

onne

ctic

ut L

LC0

53

DC

1Be

nnin

gPo

tom

ac P

ower

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ourc

es0

110

210

06

6

2U

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

nU

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

n0

05

3Bu

zzar

d Po

int

Poto

mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

DE

1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

Pow

er P

ark

JEA

655

GA

1Sc

here

rG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

213

252

176

46

34

2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o14

24

3W

ansle

yG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

719

4H

arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

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ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

Rath

drum

Pow

er L

LCRa

thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

003

4Ru

pert

Cog

en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

Ope

ratio

ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

Cle

arw

ater

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er C

orpo

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n0

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IL1

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win

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rgy

Com

plex

Dyn

egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

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n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

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rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

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IN1

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son

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e En

ergy

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ana

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169

558

752

52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

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anap

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er amp

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ht C

o10

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M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

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01

3Br

ame

Ener

gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

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01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

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nt L

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n C

halk

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nt L

LC3

79

4H

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rt A

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ner

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n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

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ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

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ocia

tes

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ford

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er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

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r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

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163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

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sum

ers

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gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

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roit

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n C

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91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

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654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

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ison

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376

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1Sh

erbu

rne

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nty

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ther

n St

ates

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er C

o ndash

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neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

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ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

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ther

n St

ates

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er C

o ndash

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neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

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orth

ern

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es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

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ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

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badi

eU

nion

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ctric

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ndash (

MO

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50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

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as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

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841

3Th

omas

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ed E

lect

ric C

oop

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4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

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42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 27: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

26 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

AppendicesTable A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Alabama 767 1327 58 36 160Alaska 30 387 8 6 06

Arizona 544 959 57 46 113Arkansas 323 661 49 45 67

California 435 3698 12 2 991Colorado 399 965 41 28 83

Connecticut 77 369 21 16 16Delaware 42 117 36 36 09

District of Columbia 02 33 6 6 00Florida 1196 2460 49 18 249

Georgia 791 1737 46 34 165Hawaii 76 189 40 31 16Idaho 07 162 4 4 01

Illinois 940 2304 41 19 196Indiana 1143 2191 52 27 238

Iowa 406 887 46 34 85Kansas 354 750 47 41 74

Kentucky 942 1507 63 34 196Louisiana 426 2235 19 12 89

Maine 26 185 14 11 05Maryland 249 705 35 28 52

Massachusetts 182 730 25 16 38Michigan 704 1659 42 27 147

Minnesota 293 934 31 27 61Mississippi 264 655 40 25 55

Missouri 760 1357 56 35 158Montana 198 349 57 55 41Nebraska 231 480 48 45 48

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

3Au

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

Che

naAu

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

034

4N

orth

Pol

eG

olde

n Va

lley

Elec

Ass

n In

c0

30

5H

ealy

Gol

den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

ama

Pow

er C

o7

33

4W

idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

06

5C

olbe

rtTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

Ente

rgy

Arka

nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

Ene

rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

2

79

AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t15

92

430

81

57

46

2Sp

ringe

rvill

eTu

cson

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

o11

45

3C

holla

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o7

45

4C

oron

ado

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

75

19

12

2

2D

elta

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Del

ta E

nerg

y C

ente

r LL

C1

64

3H

ayne

sLo

s An

gele

s D

epar

tmen

t of

Wat

er amp

Pow

er1

49

4C

osum

nes

Sacr

amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

5El

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o7

21

3C

hero

kee

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o4

01

4Pa

wne

ePu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

305

5H

ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

2M

ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

Pow

er C

o L

LC1

54

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idge

port

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rgy

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ect

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gepo

rt E

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y L

LC1

08

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een

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gy S

yste

ms

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Klee

n En

ergy

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tem

s L

LC0

70

5Br

idge

port

Sta

tion

PSEG

Pow

er C

onne

ctic

ut L

LC0

53

DC

1Be

nnin

gPo

tom

ac P

ower

Res

ourc

es0

110

210

06

6

2U

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

nU

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

n0

05

3Bu

zzar

d Po

int

Poto

mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

DE

1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

Pow

er P

ark

JEA

655

GA

1Sc

here

rG

eorg

ia P

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213

252

176

46

34

2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o14

24

3W

ansle

yG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

719

4H

arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

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116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

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65

ID1

Rath

drum

Pow

er L

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thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

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o Po

wer

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003

4Ru

pert

Cog

en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

Ope

ratio

ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

Cle

arw

ater

Pap

er C

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ratio

n0

02

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Bald

win

Ene

rgy

Com

plex

Dyn

egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

Gib

son

Duk

e En

ergy

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ana

Inc

169

558

752

52

27

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ckpo

rtIn

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a M

ichi

gan

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er C

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anap

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er amp

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ht C

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chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

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wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

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ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

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63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

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Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

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nnes

see

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y Au

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ity7

80

LA1

Big

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un 2

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siana

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ing

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132

235

061

19

12

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S N

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y G

ulf S

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s ndash

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01

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gy C

ente

rC

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er L

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er L

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ine

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y Lo

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na In

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62

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ystic

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erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

Poi

nt L

LCG

enO

n C

halk

Poi

nt L

LC3

79

4H

erbe

rt A

Wag

ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

Cou

nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

Poi

nt C

ogen

erat

ion

Mar

ch P

oint

Cog

ener

atio

n C

o0

36

4M

int

Farm

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

138

849

369

75

52

2Fi

rstE

nerg

y H

arris

on P

ower

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

erAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

850

4M

itche

llO

hio

Pow

er C

o8

37

5M

t S

torm

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

818

WY

1Jim

Brid

ger

Paci

fiCor

p12

87

381

89

66

59

2La

ram

ie R

iver

Sta

tion

Basin

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

oop

122

1

3D

ave

John

ston

Paci

fiCor

p5

50

4N

augh

ton

Paci

fiCor

p5

34

5W

yoda

kPa

cifiC

orp

220

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 28: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

Appendices 27

State

Electric Power Sector

Emissions

Total Statewide

Energy-Related

Emissions

Percentage of

Statewide Emissions

from Power Plants

Estimated Share of Statewide

Emissions Contributed by Top

5 Emitting Power Plantsplusmn

Total Power Sector Emissions

Equivalent in Number

of Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)109

Nevada 168 381 44 28 35New Hampshire 54 170 32 31 11

New Jersey 177 1154 15 10 37New Mexico 290 548 53 50 06

New York 381 1728 22 7 79North Carolina 722 1429 51 36 15

North Dakota 295 525 56 52 62Ohio 1208 2491 48 24 252

Oklahoma 474 1034 46 32 99Oregon 98 403 24 22 02

Pennsylvania 1196 2566 47 22 249Rhode Island 31 110 28 28 06

South Carolina 409 840 49 34 85South Dakota 35 151 23 23 07

Tennessee 433 1071 40 34 09Texas 2204 6526 34 10 459Utah 348 642 54 49 72

Vermont 00 60 0 0 00Virginia 343 1098 31 19 71

Washington 131 761 17 15 27West Virginia 743 989 75 52 155

Wisconsin 426 992 43 29 89Wyoming 428 649 66 59 89

Total 22400 56313 40 24 4667

For the emissions of the United States as a country see US Energy Information Administration Monthly Energy Review Section 12 Environment August 2013 Diering methodologies between that data series and the state-by-state data listed here causes the total for all states to be slightly dierent from the national-level estimate The amount varies no more than 05 percent NOTE The District of Columbia is included in the data tables but not in the analysis as it is not a state

plusmn Estimates obtained by multiplying Emissions for Top 5 as a Share of Power-Sector Total (2011) by Emissions for Power-Sector as a Share of Statewide Total (2010) US EIA does not have state-by-state data on power-sector emissions from 2011 See Table A-3

Continued from page 26

Table A-1 Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions as a Share of Total State-Level Emissions (MMT) 2010108

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

3Au

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

Che

naAu

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

034

4N

orth

Pol

eG

olde

n Va

lley

Elec

Ass

n In

c0

30

5H

ealy

Gol

den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

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rry

Alab

ama

Pow

er C

o7

33

4W

idow

s C

reek

Te

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

06

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rtTe

nnes

see

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y Au

thor

ity4

75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

Ente

rgy

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nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

2W

hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

Ene

rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

2

79

AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

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r Pr

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t15

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430

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57

46

2Sp

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Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

o11

45

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holla

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

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4C

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Salt

Rive

r Pr

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5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

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ite P

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250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

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ion

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hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

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n C

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y C

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Pow

er1

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to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

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k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

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tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

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re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

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de

Pollu

tion

Con

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by

the

Top

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Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

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nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

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ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

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f Col

orad

o7

21

3C

hero

kee

Publ

ic S

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ce C

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f Col

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01

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wne

ePu

blic

Ser

vice

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of C

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ado

305

5H

ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

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298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

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ing

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tLa

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Gen

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ing

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LP

2

075

975

21

16

2M

ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

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er C

o L

LC1

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port

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rgy

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rt E

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y L

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gy S

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ms

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n En

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tem

s L

LC0

70

5Br

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tion

PSEG

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er C

onne

ctic

ut L

LC0

53

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nnin

gPo

tom

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ourc

es0

110

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06

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2U

S G

SA H

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g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

nU

S G

SA H

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g an

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n0

05

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zzar

d Po

int

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mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

DE

1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

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er G

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atin

g St

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nIn

dian

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er O

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tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

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Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

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are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

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y C

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r D

over

NRG

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rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

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er

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rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

Pow

er P

ark

JEA

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GA

1Sc

here

rG

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ia P

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213

252

176

46

34

2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

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er C

o14

24

3W

ansle

yG

eorg

ia P

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719

4H

arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

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515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

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orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

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outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

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432

4Lo

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Mid

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ican

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rgy

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430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

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ID1

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drum

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er L

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0

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491

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4

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s Po

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Com

plex

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o Po

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005

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nnet

t M

ount

ain

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003

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pert

Cog

en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

Ope

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ns G

roup

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5C

lear

wat

er P

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iston

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arw

ater

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er C

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ratio

n0

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win

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rgy

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plex

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egy

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wes

t G

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n In

c12

83

440

46

41

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wer

ton

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wes

t G

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ns E

ME

LLC

980

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ppa

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mEl

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y In

c7

76

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ewto

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rgy

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erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

Gib

son

Duk

e En

ergy

Indi

ana

Inc

169

558

752

52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

Indi

anap

olis

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o10

05

4R

M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

LC7

01

3Br

ame

Ener

gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

Poi

nt L

LCG

enO

n C

halk

Poi

nt L

LC3

79

4H

erbe

rt A

Wag

ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

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oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

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anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

Cou

nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

Poi

nt C

ogen

erat

ion

Mar

ch P

oint

Cog

ener

atio

n C

o0

36

4M

int

Farm

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

138

849

369

75

52

2Fi

rstE

nerg

y H

arris

on P

ower

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

erAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

850

4M

itche

llO

hio

Pow

er C

o8

37

5M

t S

torm

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

818

WY

1Jim

Brid

ger

Paci

fiCor

p12

87

381

89

66

59

2La

ram

ie R

iver

Sta

tion

Basin

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

oop

122

1

3D

ave

John

ston

Paci

fiCor

p5

50

4N

augh

ton

Paci

fiCor

p5

34

5W

yoda

kPa

cifiC

orp

220

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 29: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

28 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

1 GA Georgia Power Co Scherer Coal 213 444

2 AL Alabama Power Co James H Miller Jr Coal 207 43

3 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Martin Lake Coal 188 391

4 MO Union Electric Co (MO) Labadie Coal 185 385

5 TX NRG Texas Power LLC W A Parish Coal 178 371

6 IN Duke Energy Indiana Inc Gibson Coal 169 353

7 OH Ohio Power Co General James M

Gavin

Coal 166 346

8 PA FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy Bruce

Mansfield

Coal 164 341

9 MI Detroit Edison Co Monroe Coal 164 341

10 AZ Salt River Project Navajo Coal 159 332

11 IN Indiana Michigan Power Co Rockport Coal 154 322

12 KS Westar Energy Inc Jeffrey Energy

Center

Coal 147 305

13 GA Georgia Power Co Bowen Coal 142 297

14 WV Appalachian Power Co John E Amos Coal 139 289

15 NM Arizona Public Service Co Four Corners Coal 138 288

16 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Belews Creek Coal 138 287

17 TX Luminant Generation

Company LLC

Monticello Coal 137 285

18 MT PPL Montana LLC Colstrip Coal 136 282

19 TX NRG Texas Power LLC Limestone Coal 133 277

20 LA Louisiana Generating LLC Big Cajun 2 Coal 132 275

21 MN Northern States Power Co ndash

Minnesota

Sherburne

County

Coal 131 273

22 SC South Carolina Public Service

Authority

Cross Coal 129 269

23 WY PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Coal 129 268

24 IL Dynegy Midwest Generation

Inc

Baldwin Energy

Complex

Coal 128 267

25 OH Dayton Power amp Light Co J M Stuart Coal 127 266

26 KY Kentucky Utilities Co Ghent Coal 127 265

27 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Cumberland Coal 124 257

28 WY Basin Electric Power Coop Laramie River

Station

Coal 122 254

29 UT Los Angeles Department of

Water amp Power

Intermountain

Power Project

Coal 120 251

30 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Paradise Coal 120 249

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

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l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

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re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

3Au

rora

Ene

rgy

LLC

Che

naAu

rora

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rgy

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034

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orth

Pol

eG

olde

n Va

lley

Elec

Ass

n In

c0

30

5H

ealy

Gol

den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

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2E

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asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

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rry

Alab

ama

Pow

er C

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33

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s C

reek

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nnes

see

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ity5

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see

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75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

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rgy

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nsas

Inc

110

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320

92

49

45

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hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

Ene

rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

5U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

U

nion

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

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79

AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

Rive

r Pr

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t15

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rvill

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Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

o11

45

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holla

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o7

45

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oron

ado

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

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ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

o1

85

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ter

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ta E

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y C

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r LL

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er amp

Pow

er1

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nes

Sacr

amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

5El

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

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re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o7

21

3C

hero

kee

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o4

01

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wne

ePu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

305

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ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

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tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

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ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

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d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

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er C

o L

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54

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idge

port

Ene

rgy

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ect

Brid

gepo

rt E

nerg

y L

LC1

08

4Kl

een

Ener

gy S

yste

ms

Proj

ect

Klee

n En

ergy

Sys

tem

s L

LC0

70

5Br

idge

port

Sta

tion

PSEG

Pow

er C

onne

ctic

ut L

LC0

53

DC

1Be

nnin

gPo

tom

ac P

ower

Res

ourc

es0

110

210

06

6

2U

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

nU

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

n0

05

3Bu

zzar

d Po

int

Poto

mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

DE

1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

Pow

er P

ark

JEA

655

GA

1Sc

here

rG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

213

252

176

46

34

2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o14

24

3W

ansle

yG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

719

4H

arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

Rath

drum

Pow

er L

LCRa

thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

003

4Ru

pert

Cog

en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

Ope

ratio

ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

Cle

arw

ater

Pap

er C

orpo

ratio

n0

02

IL1

Bald

win

Ene

rgy

Com

plex

Dyn

egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

Gib

son

Duk

e En

ergy

Indi

ana

Inc

169

558

752

52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

Indi

anap

olis

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o10

05

4R

M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

LC7

01

3Br

ame

Ener

gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

Poi

nt L

LCG

enO

n C

halk

Poi

nt L

LC3

79

4H

erbe

rt A

Wag

ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

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er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

Cou

nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

Poi

nt C

ogen

erat

ion

Mar

ch P

oint

Cog

ener

atio

n C

o0

36

4M

int

Farm

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

138

849

369

75

52

2Fi

rstE

nerg

y H

arris

on P

ower

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

erAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

850

4M

itche

llO

hio

Pow

er C

o8

37

5M

t S

torm

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

818

WY

1Jim

Brid

ger

Paci

fiCor

p12

87

381

89

66

59

2La

ram

ie R

iver

Sta

tion

Basin

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

oop

122

1

3D

ave

John

ston

Paci

fiCor

p5

50

4N

augh

ton

Paci

fiCor

p5

34

5W

yoda

kPa

cifiC

orp

220

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 30: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

Appendices 29

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

31 IA MidAmerican Energy Co Walter Scott Jr Energy Center

Coal 117 243

32 NC Progress Energy Carolinas Inc Roxboro Coal 116 242

33 NM Public Service Co of NM San Juan Coal 115 24

34 AZ Tucson Electric Power Co Springerville Coal 115 239

35 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc Independence Coal 111 23

36 TX Southwestern Electric Power

Co

Welsh Coal 110 229

37 TX Lower Colorado River Authority Fayette Power

Project

Coal 109 226

38 TX Oak Grove Management Co

LLC

Oak Grove Coal 108 226

39 OH FirstEnergy Generation Corp FirstEnergy W H

Sammis

Coal 106 22

40 PA Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

Hatfields Ferry

Power Station

Coal 105 218

41 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co

LLC

FirstEnergy

Harrison Power

Station

Coal 104 216

42 AR Entergy Arkansas Inc White Blu Coal 104 216

43 AL Alabama Power Co E C Gaston Coal 103 214

44 FL Progress Energy Florida Inc Crystal River Coal 102 213

45 NC Duke Energy Carolinas LLC Marshall Coal 101 209

46 IN Indianapolis Power amp Light Co AES Petersburg Coal 100 209

47 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Keystone Coal 100 208

48 PA GenOn Northeast Management

Company

Conemaugh Coal 99 206

49 IL Midwest Generations EME LLC Powerton Coal 98 204

50 NE Nebraska Public Power District Gerald Gentleman Coal 93 194

51 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Muskogee Coal 92 192

52 FL Tampa Electric Co Big Bend Coal 92 191

53 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Mill Creek Coal 91 189

54 PA Midwest Generations EME LLC Homer City Station Coal 90 187

55 CO Tri-State G amp T Assn Inc Craig Coal 90 187

56 KY East Kentucky Power Coop Inc H L Spurlock Coal 89 186

57 ND Great River Energy Coal Creek Coal 88 184

58 NE Omaha Public Power District Nebraska City Coal 87 182

59 PA PPL Brunner Island LLC PPL Brunner Island Coal 86 179

60 OK Public Service Co of Oklahoma Northeastern Coal 86 179

Continued from page 28

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

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er P

lant

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eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

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rato

r Nam

e

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sion

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etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

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l Em

issi

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p 5

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ts

(MM

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CO

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r Top

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e of

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tor

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l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

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ide

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l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

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rora

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rgy

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naAu

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n Va

lley

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Ass

n In

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ealy

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den

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Inc

023

AL1

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er Jr

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abam

a Po

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206

6

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63

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102

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er C

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reek

Te

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AR1

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ence

Ente

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Inc

110

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320

92

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hite

Blu

ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

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um P

oint

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rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

LLC

400

4Fl

int

Cre

ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

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377

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nion

Pow

er P

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er P

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AZ1

Nav

ajo

Salt

Rive

r Pr

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430

81

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ringe

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Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

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Ariz

ona

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ic S

ervi

ce C

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ado

Salt

Rive

r Pr

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t5

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esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

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ion

Sout

hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

diso

n C

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ter

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ta E

nerg

y C

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ayne

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s D

epar

tmen

t of

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er amp

Pow

er1

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osum

nes

Sacr

amen

to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

5El

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

LC1

23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

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tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

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re o

f Sta

tew

ide

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l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o7

21

3C

hero

kee

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o4

01

4Pa

wne

ePu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

305

5H

ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

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ke R

oad

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erat

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975

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d Po

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ject

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ord

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er C

o L

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3Br

idge

port

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rgy

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ect

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gepo

rt E

nerg

y L

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een

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gy S

yste

ms

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ect

Klee

n En

ergy

Sys

tem

s L

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idge

port

Sta

tion

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er C

onne

ctic

ut L

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53

DC

1Be

nnin

gPo

tom

ac P

ower

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ourc

es0

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06

6

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d Tr

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g an

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ansm

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zzar

d Po

int

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mac

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er R

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rces

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1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

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pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

Pow

er P

ark

JEA

655

GA

1Sc

here

rG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

213

252

176

46

34

2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o14

24

3W

ansle

yG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

719

4H

arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

Rath

drum

Pow

er L

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thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

003

4Ru

pert

Cog

en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

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ratio

ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

Cle

arw

ater

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er C

orpo

ratio

n0

02

IL1

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win

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rgy

Com

plex

Dyn

egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

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son

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e En

ergy

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ana

Inc

169

558

752

52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

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anap

olis

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er amp

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ht C

o10

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M S

chah

fer

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ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

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ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

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ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

LC7

01

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ame

Ener

gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

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nt L

LCG

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n C

halk

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nt L

LC3

79

4H

erbe

rt A

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ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

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sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

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erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

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er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

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onEn

terg

y M

ississ

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5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

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e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

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e En

ergy

Car

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as L

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5M

ayo

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ress

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olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

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at R

iver

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882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

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p5

79

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ilton

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oung

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nkot

a Po

wer

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p In

c5

56

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land

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sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

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tter

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l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

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a Pu

blic

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er D

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t9

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793

48

45

2N

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ska

City

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aha

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ic P

ower

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rict

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orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

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ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

Cou

nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

Poi

nt C

ogen

erat

ion

Mar

ch P

oint

Cog

ener

atio

n C

o0

36

4M

int

Farm

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

138

849

369

75

52

2Fi

rstE

nerg

y H

arris

on P

ower

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

erAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

850

4M

itche

llO

hio

Pow

er C

o8

37

5M

t S

torm

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

818

WY

1Jim

Brid

ger

Paci

fiCor

p12

87

381

89

66

59

2La

ram

ie R

iver

Sta

tion

Basin

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ctric

Pow

er C

oop

122

1

3D

ave

John

ston

Paci

fiCor

p5

50

4N

augh

ton

Paci

fiCor

p5

34

5W

yoda

kPa

cifiC

orp

220

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 31: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

30 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

61 TX Big Brown Power Company LLC Big Brown Coal 86 179

62 WV Appalachian Power Co Mountaineer Coal 85 177

63 UT PaciCorp Hunter Coal 84 176

64 MO Kansas City Power amp Light Co Iatan Coal 84 175

65 PA PPL Montour LLC PPL Montour Coal 84 175

66 WV Ohio Power Co Mitchell Coal 84 174

67 TX City of San Antonio ndash (TX) J K Spruce Coal 83 173

68 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc Thomas Hill Coal 83 173

69 KS Kansas City Power amp Light Co La Cygne Coal 82 171

70 WV Virginia Electric amp Power Co Mt Storm Coal 82 17

71 MI Consumers Energy Co J H Campbell Coal 82 17

72 IN Northern Indiana Pub Serv Co R M Schahfer Coal 81 17

73 IN Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corp Clifty Creek Coal 81 169

74 MI Detroit Edison Co Belle River Coal 79 165

75 FL Florida Power amp Light Co West County Energy Center

Natural Gas and other gases

79 164

76 FL Seminole Electric Cooperative Inc Seminole Coal 79 164

77 MO Union Electric Co ndash (MO) Rush Island Coal 79 164

78 WV Allegheny Energy Supply Co LLC FirstEnergy Pleas-ants Power Station

Coal 78 163

79 KY Tennessee Valley Authority Shawnee Coal 78 162

80 IL Electric Energy Inc Joppa Steam Coal 78 162

81 OH Cardinal Operating Co Cardinal Coal 76 158

82 TX Southwestern Public Service Co Tolk Coal 75 157

83 IL Ameren Energy Generating Co Newton Coal 75 155

84 MN Minnesota Power Inc Clay Boswell Coal 74 155

85 AZ Arizona Public Service Co Cholla Coal 74 155

86 AL Alabama Power Co Barry Natural Gas and other gases

73 153

87 TN Tennessee Valley Authority Gallatin Coal 73 151

88 WI Wisconsin Power amp Light Co Columbia Coal 72 151

89 CO Public Service Co of Colorado Comanche Coal 72 15

90 GA Georgia Power Co Wansley Coal 72 15

91 OK Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Coal 72 149

92 OH Duke Energy Ohio Inc Miami Fort Coal 72 149

93 MO Associated Electric Coop Inc New Madrid Coal 71 148

94 OH Ohio Power Co Conesville Coal 71 147

Continued from page 29

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

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trib

uted

by

the

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ost-

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ting

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Ind

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Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

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or C

arb

on D

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l Em

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es0

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ay R

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157

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ge M

oor

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pine

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4D

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Pla

ntD

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are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

Pow

er P

ark

JEA

655

GA

1Sc

here

rG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

213

252

176

46

34

2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o14

24

3W

ansle

yG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

719

4H

arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

Rath

drum

Pow

er L

LCRa

thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

003

4Ru

pert

Cog

en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

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ratio

ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

Cle

arw

ater

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er C

orpo

ratio

n0

02

IL1

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win

Ene

rgy

Com

plex

Dyn

egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

Gib

son

Duk

e En

ergy

Indi

ana

Inc

169

558

752

52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

Indi

anap

olis

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o10

05

4R

M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

LC7

01

3Br

ame

Ener

gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

Poi

nt L

LCG

enO

n C

halk

Poi

nt L

LC3

79

4H

erbe

rt A

Wag

ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

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e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

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ress

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rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

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at R

iver

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rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

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ilton

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oung

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nkot

a Po

wer

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p In

c5

56

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land

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sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

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p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

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rask

a Pu

blic

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er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

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ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

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ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

Cou

nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

Poi

nt C

ogen

erat

ion

Mar

ch P

oint

Cog

ener

atio

n C

o0

36

4M

int

Farm

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

138

849

369

75

52

2Fi

rstE

nerg

y H

arris

on P

ower

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

erAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

850

4M

itche

llO

hio

Pow

er C

o8

37

5M

t S

torm

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

818

WY

1Jim

Brid

ger

Paci

fiCor

p12

87

381

89

66

59

2La

ram

ie R

iver

Sta

tion

Basin

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

oop

122

1

3D

ave

John

ston

Paci

fiCor

p5

50

4N

augh

ton

Paci

fiCor

p5

34

5W

yoda

kPa

cifiC

orp

220

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 32: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

Appendices 31

Table A-2 The Nationrsquos 100 Most-Polluting Power Plants Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles and Primary Fuel Category 2011

Rank State

Operator Name Plant NamePrimary Fuel

Category

Emissions (Million Metric

Tons)112

Emissions Equivalent in Passenger Vehicles

(Millions)113

95 LA Entergy Gulf States ndash LA LLC R S Nelson Coal 70 146

96 LA Cleco Power LLC Brame Energy Center

Coal 70 146

97 OK Oklahoma Gas amp Electric Co Sooner Coal 70 145

98 KY Louisville Gas amp Electric Co Trimble County Coal 69 145

99 WV Monongahela Power Co FirstEnergy Fort Martin Power Sta-tion

Coal 68 142

100 IN Hoosier Energy R E C Inc Merom Coal 67 139

Continued from page 30

Indicates that this power plant is scheduled for retirement110

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

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ost-

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Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

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tric

ity-

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or C

arb

on D

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l Em

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ts

(MM

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2)

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r Top

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ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

Rath

drum

Pow

er L

LCRa

thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

003

4Ru

pert

Cog

en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

Ope

ratio

ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

Cle

arw

ater

Pap

er C

orpo

ratio

n0

02

IL1

Bald

win

Ene

rgy

Com

plex

Dyn

egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

Gib

son

Duk

e En

ergy

Indi

ana

Inc

169

558

752

52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

Indi

anap

olis

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o10

05

4R

M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

LC7

01

3Br

ame

Ener

gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

Poi

nt L

LCG

enO

n C

halk

Poi

nt L

LC3

79

4H

erbe

rt A

Wag

ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

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echn

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ent

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o13

85

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n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

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cala

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Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

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erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

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huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

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er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

Cou

nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

Poi

nt C

ogen

erat

ion

Mar

ch P

oint

Cog

ener

atio

n C

o0

36

4M

int

Farm

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

138

849

369

75

52

2Fi

rstE

nerg

y H

arris

on P

ower

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

erAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

850

4M

itche

llO

hio

Pow

er C

o8

37

5M

t S

torm

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

818

WY

1Jim

Brid

ger

Paci

fiCor

p12

87

381

89

66

59

2La

ram

ie R

iver

Sta

tion

Basin

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

oop

122

1

3D

ave

John

ston

Paci

fiCor

p5

50

4N

augh

ton

Paci

fiCor

p5

34

5W

yoda

kPa

cifiC

orp

220

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

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2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

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ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 33: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

32 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

AK1

Belu

gaC

huga

ch E

lect

ric A

ssn

Inc

127

28

75

86

2G

eorg

e M

Sul

livan

Gen

erat

ion

Plan

t 2

Anch

orag

e M

unic

ipal

Lig

ht a

nd P

ower

061

3Au

rora

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rgy

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Che

naAu

rora

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rgy

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034

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orth

Pol

eG

olde

n Va

lley

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Ass

n In

c0

30

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ealy

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den

Valle

y El

ec A

ssn

Inc

023

AL1

Jam

es H

Mill

er Jr

Al

abam

a Po

wer

Co

206

6

481

63

58

36

2E

C G

asto

nAl

abam

a Po

wer

Co

102

9

3Ba

rry

Alab

ama

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er C

o7

33

4W

idow

s C

reek

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nnes

see

Valle

y Au

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ity5

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olbe

rtTe

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ity4

75

AR1

Inde

pend

ence

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rgy

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nsas

Inc

110

6

320

92

49

45

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hite

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ffEn

terg

y Ar

kans

as In

c10

36

3Pl

um P

oint

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rgy

Stat

ion

Plum

Poi

nt E

nerg

y As

soci

ates

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400

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int

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ekSo

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

377

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nion

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er P

artn

ers

LP

U

nion

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er P

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ers

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79

AZ1

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ajo

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Rive

r Pr

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t15

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430

81

57

46

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ringe

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ctric

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er C

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ona

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ic S

ervi

ce C

o7

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oron

ado

Salt

Rive

r Pr

ojec

t5

66

5M

esqu

ite G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nM

esqu

ite P

ower

LLC

250

CA

1M

ount

ainv

iew

Gen

erat

ing

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ion

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hern

Cal

iforn

ia E

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n C

o1

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elta

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ter

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ta E

nerg

y C

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64

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epar

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er1

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osum

nes

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to M

unic

ipal

Util

Dist

1

26

5El

k H

ills

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er L

LCEl

k H

ills

Pow

er L

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23

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

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l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o7

21

3C

hero

kee

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o4

01

4Pa

wne

ePu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

305

5H

ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

2M

ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

Pow

er C

o L

LC1

54

3Br

idge

port

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

Brid

gepo

rt E

nerg

y L

LC1

08

4Kl

een

Ener

gy S

yste

ms

Proj

ect

Klee

n En

ergy

Sys

tem

s L

LC0

70

5Br

idge

port

Sta

tion

PSEG

Pow

er C

onne

ctic

ut L

LC0

53

DC

1Be

nnin

gPo

tom

ac P

ower

Res

ourc

es0

110

210

06

6

2U

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

nU

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

n0

05

3Bu

zzar

d Po

int

Poto

mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

DE

1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

Pow

er P

ark

JEA

655

GA

1Sc

here

rG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

213

252

176

46

34

2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o14

24

3W

ansle

yG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

719

4H

arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

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aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

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la C

ogen

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ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

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Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

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rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

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rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

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er L

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um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

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o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

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o Po

wer

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003

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pert

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en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

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ns G

roup

003

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lear

wat

er P

aper

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iston

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arw

ater

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er C

orpo

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n0

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win

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rgy

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plex

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egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

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son

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e En

ergy

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ana

Inc

169

558

752

52

27

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ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

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anap

olis

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o10

05

4R

M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

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radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

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svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

LC7

01

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ame

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gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

Poi

nt L

LCG

enO

n C

halk

Poi

nt L

LC3

79

4H

erbe

rt A

Wag

ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

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sum

ers

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gy C

o8

16

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lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

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er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

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onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

Cou

nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

Poi

nt C

ogen

erat

ion

Mar

ch P

oint

Cog

ener

atio

n C

o0

36

4M

int

Farm

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

138

849

369

75

52

2Fi

rstE

nerg

y H

arris

on P

ower

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

erAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

850

4M

itche

llO

hio

Pow

er C

o8

37

5M

t S

torm

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

818

WY

1Jim

Brid

ger

Paci

fiCor

p12

87

381

89

66

59

2La

ram

ie R

iver

Sta

tion

Basin

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

oop

122

1

3D

ave

John

ston

Paci

fiCor

p5

50

4N

augh

ton

Paci

fiCor

p5

34

5W

yoda

kPa

cifiC

orp

220

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 34: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

Appendices 33

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

CO

1C

raig

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

8

9626

267

41

28

2C

oman

che

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o7

21

3C

hero

kee

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Col

orad

o4

01

4Pa

wne

ePu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

305

5H

ayde

nPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of C

olor

ado

298

CT

1La

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tLa

ke R

oad

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

2

075

975

21

16

2M

ilfor

d Po

wer

Pro

ject

Milf

ord

Pow

er C

o L

LC1

54

3Br

idge

port

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

Brid

gepo

rt E

nerg

y L

LC1

08

4Kl

een

Ener

gy S

yste

ms

Proj

ect

Klee

n En

ergy

Sys

tem

s L

LC0

70

5Br

idge

port

Sta

tion

PSEG

Pow

er C

onne

ctic

ut L

LC0

53

DC

1Be

nnin

gPo

tom

ac P

ower

Res

ourc

es0

110

210

06

6

2U

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

nU

S G

SA H

eatin

g an

d Tr

ansm

issio

n0

05

3Bu

zzar

d Po

int

Poto

mac

Pow

er R

esou

rces

001

DE

1H

ay R

oad

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

170

39

99

36

36

2In

dian

Riv

er G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nIn

dian

Riv

er O

pera

tions

Inc

157

3Ed

ge M

oor

Cal

pine

Mid

-Atla

ntic

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

037

4D

elaw

are

City

Pla

ntD

elaw

are

City

Refi

ning

Com

pany

LLC

018

5N

RG E

nerg

y C

ente

r D

over

NRG

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Dov

er L

LC0

11

FL1

Cry

stal

Riv

er

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Flor

ida

Inc

102

441

737

49

18

2Bi

g Be

ndTa

mpa

Ele

ctric

Co

918

3W

est

Cou

nty

Ener

gy C

ente

rFl

orid

a Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

789

4Se

min

ole

Sem

inol

e El

ectr

ic C

oope

rativ

e In

c7

88

5St

Joh

ns R

iver

Pow

er P

ark

JEA

655

GA

1Sc

here

rG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

213

252

176

46

34

2Bo

wen

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o14

24

3W

ansle

yG

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

719

4H

arlle

e Br

anch

G

eorg

ia P

ower

Co

515

5Ya

tes

Geo

rgia

Pow

er C

o4

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

32

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

HI

1Ka

heH

awai

ian

Elec

tric

Co

Inc

241

56

77

40

31

2AE

S H

awai

iAE

S H

awai

i Inc

1

31

3W

aiau

Haw

aiia

n El

ectr

ic C

o In

c0

87

4M

aala

eaM

aui E

lect

ric C

o L

td

055

5Ka

laeo

la C

ogen

Pla

ntKa

lael

oa P

artn

ers

LP

0

51

IA1

Wal

ter

Scot

t Jr

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

2G

eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

3G

eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

432

4Lo

uisa

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

430

5O

ttum

wa

Inte

rsta

te P

ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

65

ID1

Rath

drum

Pow

er L

LCRa

thdr

um O

pera

ting

Serv

ices

Co

Inc

0

310

491

4

4

2Ev

ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

Com

plex

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

005

3Be

nnet

t M

ount

ain

Idah

o Po

wer

Co

003

4Ru

pert

Cog

en P

roje

ctEn

ergy

Ope

ratio

ns G

roup

003

5C

lear

wat

er P

aper

IPP

Lew

iston

Cle

arw

ater

Pap

er C

orpo

ratio

n0

02

IL1

Bald

win

Ene

rgy

Com

plex

Dyn

egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

Stea

mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

IN1

Gib

son

Duk

e En

ergy

Indi

ana

Inc

169

558

752

52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

Indi

anap

olis

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o10

05

4R

M S

chah

fer

Nor

ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

Cre

ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

LC7

01

3Br

ame

Ener

gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

Poi

nt L

LCG

enO

n C

halk

Poi

nt L

LC3

79

4H

erbe

rt A

Wag

ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

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l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

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atew

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Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

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ewid

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ons

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ribu

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by

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Ston

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er C

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632

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see

Valle

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36

344

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see

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59

TX1

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ake

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76

746

30

34

10

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arish

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as P

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178

1

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69

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as P

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0

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1

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term

ount

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ent

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322

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er C

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73

4Te

nask

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g St

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er C

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Cont

inue

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m p

age

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Ind

icat

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at th

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pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

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of P

ower

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tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

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r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

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re o

f Sta

tew

ide

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l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

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tric

ity-

Sect

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arb

on D

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Estim

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ewid

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ch P

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Cont

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42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 35: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

34 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

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31

2AE

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31

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aiia

n El

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o In

c0

87

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lect

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o L

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LP

0

51

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ter

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t Jr

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rgy

Cen

ter

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

116

729

775

46

34

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eorg

e N

eal N

orth

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

Co

576

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eorg

e N

eal S

outh

Mid

Amer

ican

Ene

rgy

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432

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uisa

Mid

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ican

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rgy

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430

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wa

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ower

and

Lig

ht C

o3

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er L

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um O

pera

ting

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ices

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Inc

0

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4

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ande

r An

drew

s Po

wer

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plex

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o Po

wer

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005

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ount

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pert

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ergy

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er P

aper

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ater

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er C

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plex

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egy

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

n In

c12

83

440

46

41

19

2Po

wer

ton

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

980

3Jo

ppa

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mEl

ectr

ic E

nerg

y In

c7

76

4N

ewto

nAm

eren

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ing

Co

746

5Jo

liet

29M

idw

est

Gen

erat

ions

EM

E L

LC6

12

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son

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e En

ergy

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ana

Inc

169

558

752

52

27

2Ro

ckpo

rtIn

dian

a M

ichi

gan

Pow

er C

o15

44

3AE

S Pe

ters

burg

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anap

olis

Pow

er amp

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ht C

o10

05

4R

M S

chah

fer

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ther

n In

dian

a Pu

b Se

rv C

o8

14

5C

lifty

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ekIn

dian

a-Ke

ntuc

ky E

lect

ric C

orp

809

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

33

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

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ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

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radi

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nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

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ill C

reek

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svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

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L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

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S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

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ame

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gy C

ente

rC

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Pow

er L

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01

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olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

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ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

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inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

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halk

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nt L

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n C

halk

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nt L

LC3

79

4H

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rt A

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ner

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n Po

wer

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ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

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Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

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er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

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Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

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ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

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e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

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5M

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Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

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at R

iver

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rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

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ilton

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oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

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p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

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p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

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rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

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ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

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ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

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1

73

5C

linch

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er

Appa

lach

ian

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er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

Cou

nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

Poi

nt C

ogen

erat

ion

Mar

ch P

oint

Cog

ener

atio

n C

o0

36

4M

int

Farm

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

138

849

369

75

52

2Fi

rstE

nerg

y H

arris

on P

ower

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

erAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

850

4M

itche

llO

hio

Pow

er C

o8

37

5M

t S

torm

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

818

WY

1Jim

Brid

ger

Paci

fiCor

p12

87

381

89

66

59

2La

ram

ie R

iver

Sta

tion

Basin

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

oop

122

1

3D

ave

John

ston

Paci

fiCor

p5

50

4N

augh

ton

Paci

fiCor

p5

34

5W

yoda

kPa

cifiC

orp

220

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 36: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

Appendices 35

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

KS1

Jeffr

ey E

nerg

y C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

146

630

888

47

41

2La

Cyg

neKa

nsas

City

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o8

22

3La

wre

nce

Ener

gy C

ente

rW

esta

r En

ergy

Inc

369

4H

olco

mb

Sunfl

ower

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

orp

276

5N

earm

an C

reek

City

of K

ansa

s C

ity ndash

(KS

)1

50

KY1

Ghe

ntKe

ntuc

ky U

tiliti

es C

o12

72

504

54

63

34

2Pa

radi

seTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity11

96

3M

ill C

reek

Loui

svill

e G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

905

4H

L S

purlo

ckEa

st K

entu

cky

Pow

er C

oop

Inc

891

5Sh

awne

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

80

LA1

Big

Caj

un 2

Loui

siana

Gen

erat

ing

LLC

132

235

061

19

12

2R

S N

elso

nEn

terg

y G

ulf S

tate

s ndash

LA L

LC7

01

3Br

ame

Ener

gy C

ente

rC

leco

Pow

er L

LC7

01

4D

olet

Hill

sC

leco

Pow

er L

LC5

14

5N

ine

Mile

Poi

ntEn

terg

y Lo

uisia

na In

c2

62

MA

1M

ystic

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC3

6410

566

25

16

2Br

ayto

n Po

int

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

326

3Fo

re R

iver

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Con

stel

latio

n M

ystic

Pow

er L

LC1

86

4M

illen

nium

Pow

erM

illen

nium

Pow

er P

artn

ers

LP

0

92

5AN

P Bl

acks

tone

Ene

rgy

Proj

ect

ANP

Blac

ksto

ne E

nerg

y C

ompa

ny L

LC0

82

MD

1Br

ando

n Sh

ores

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC6

0218

680

35

28

2M

orga

ntow

n G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

584

3C

halk

Poi

nt L

LCG

enO

n C

halk

Poi

nt L

LC3

79

4H

erbe

rt A

Wag

ner

Rave

n Po

wer

Hol

ding

s L

LC1

54

5D

icke

rson

Gen

On

Mid

-Atla

ntic

LLC

137

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

34

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

Ass

ocia

tes

Rum

ford

Pow

er0

17

5An

dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

Pape

r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

Ener

gy C

o8

16

3Be

lle R

iver

Det

roit

Ediso

n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

5Tr

ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

Pow

er C

o ndash

Min

neso

ta3

18

4Bl

ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

139

5Ta

coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

Cen

ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

Co

ndash (

MO

)18

50

501

62

56

35

2Ia

tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

841

3Th

omas

Hill

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

4Ru

sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

5N

ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

Miss

issip

pi P

ower

Co

528

141

61

40

25

2Re

d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

Cho

ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

LP

2

74

3Ja

ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

5R

D M

orro

wSo

uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

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ribu

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Stat

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115

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1

78

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CAM

S N

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nerg

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blic

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of N

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er

Nev

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ion

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ada

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er C

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30

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my

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ra P

acifi

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wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

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ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

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ewm

ont

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vest

men

t L

LC1

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mer

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LLC

AES

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t L

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7

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iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

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LLC

206

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rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

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kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

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4Ra

vens

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Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

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5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

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son

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Inc

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1G

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al Ja

mes

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avin

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o Po

wer

Co

165

954

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48

24

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M S

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ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

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nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

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l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

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f St

atew

ide

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l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

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ce C

o o

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a8

60

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nd R

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Dam

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17

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a G

as amp

Ele

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696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

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1Bo

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an

Port

land

Gen

eral

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ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

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erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

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tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

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LP

0

92

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amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

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er P

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ipH

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er P

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ip0

45

PA1

Firs

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e M

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erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

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lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

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ysto

neG

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n N

orth

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Man

agem

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Com

pany

100

0

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augh

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Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

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ns E

ME

LLC

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RI1

Ente

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Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

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P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

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Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

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Inc

061

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te P

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te P

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II0

35

5O

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Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

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Car

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blic

Ser

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Aut

horit

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03

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ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

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Inc

246

5Ja

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Sout

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arol

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as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

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r Nam

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of C

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l Em

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f To

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Emis

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10)

Estim

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Sh

are

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ewid

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issi

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Cont

ribu

ted

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Top

5plusmn

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Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

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23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

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s Po

wer

Inc

019

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roto

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sin E

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p0

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gus

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es P

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ndash M

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TN1

Cum

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Valle

y Au

thor

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59

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tin L

ake

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ompa

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LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

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LLC

178

1

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69

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0

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lect

ric P

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110

1

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1In

term

ount

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Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

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Dep

artm

ent

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ater

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120

530

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54

49

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cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

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fiCor

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54

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nanz

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eser

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ener

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n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

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cifiC

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138

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Ele

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611

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31

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love

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lect

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er C

o4

92

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lect

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er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

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ener

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g St

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nask

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Cont

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age

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Ind

icat

es th

at th

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wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

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nkPl

ant N

ame

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rato

r Nam

e

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sion

s (M

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etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

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ons o

f To

p 5

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ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

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sion

s fo

r Top

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tor

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l (20

11)

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s for

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ide

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l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

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Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

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0

0

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n Po

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on E

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VT)

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er C

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tland

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tral

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mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

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WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

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erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

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tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

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15

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ver

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Gen

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ntPU

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o 1

of C

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039

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nt C

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ch P

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t So

und

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c0

27

5C

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lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

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onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

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665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

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vice

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p5

82

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uth

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ekW

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sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

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osAp

pala

chia

n Po

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138

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nerg

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arris

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tion

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ghen

y En

ergy

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LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

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pala

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n Po

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850

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er C

o8

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5M

t S

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818

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at th

is po

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pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

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btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

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re o

f Sta

tew

ide

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l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

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te d

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for

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er-s

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r em

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r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 37: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

36 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

ME

1W

estb

rook

Ene

rgy

Cen

ter

Pow

er P

lant

Wes

tbro

ok E

nerg

y C

ente

r1

012

882

14

11

2Ve

rso

Pape

rVe

rso

Buck

spor

t L

LC0

73

3M

aine

Inde

pend

ence

Sta

tion

Cas

co B

ay E

nerg

y C

o L

LC0

69

4Ru

mfo

rd P

ower

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ocia

tes

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ford

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er0

17

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dros

cogg

in E

nerg

y C

ente

rVe

rso

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r An

dros

cogg

in L

LC0

15

MI

1M

onro

eD

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it Ed

ison

Co

163

942

864

42

27

2J

H C

ampb

ell

Con

sum

ers

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gy C

o8

16

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lle R

iver

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roit

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n C

o7

91

4St

Cla

irD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

654

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ento

n C

hann

elD

etro

it Ed

ison

Co

376

MN

1Sh

erbu

rne

Cou

nty

Nor

ther

n St

ates

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er C

o ndash

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neso

ta13

11

263

85

31

27

2C

lay

Bosw

ell

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

745

3Al

len

S K

ing

Nor

ther

n St

ates

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er C

o ndash

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neso

ta3

18

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ack

Dog

N

orth

ern

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es P

ower

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ndash M

inne

sota

139

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coni

te H

arbo

r En

ergy

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ter

Min

neso

ta P

ower

Inc

120

MO

1La

badi

eU

nion

Ele

ctric

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ndash (

MO

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50

501

62

56

35

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tan

Kans

as C

ity P

ower

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ight

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841

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omas

Hill

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ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

829

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sh Is

land

Uni

on E

lect

ric C

o ndash

(M

O)

785

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ew M

adrid

Asso

ciat

ed E

lect

ric C

oop

Inc

709

MS

1Vi

ctor

J D

anie

l Jr

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issip

pi P

ower

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528

141

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40

25

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d H

ills

Gen

erat

ing

Faci

lity

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ctaw

Gen

erat

ing

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2

74

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ck W

atso

nM

ississ

ippi

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Ba

xter

Wils

onEn

terg

y M

ississ

ippi

Inc

176

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D M

orro

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uth

Miss

issip

pi E

l Pw

r As

sn

155

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

35

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

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Estim

ated

Sh

are

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ewid

e Em

issi

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Cont

ribu

ted

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rgen

Gen

erat

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Stat

ion

PSEG

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469

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en P

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echn

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ent

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ona

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n Ju

an

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ic S

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o o

f NM

115

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Inc

1

78

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erat

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ion

CAM

S N

M L

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24

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nerg

y Fa

cilit

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blic

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vice

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of N

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id G

ardn

er

Nev

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Pow

er C

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489

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44

28

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huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

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ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

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ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

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ada

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gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

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1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

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t L

LC3

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22

7

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port

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iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

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kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

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son

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NY

Inc

168

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1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

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o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

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re o

f St

atew

ide

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l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

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ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

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nd R

iver

Dam

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horit

y7

17

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a G

as amp

Ele

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Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

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1Bo

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an

Port

land

Gen

eral

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ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

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erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

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tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

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amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

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Pow

er P

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ipH

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er P

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ip0

45

PA1

Firs

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e M

ansfi

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Firs

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Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

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lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

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ysto

neG

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n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

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augh

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On

Nor

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st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

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Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

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Inc

061

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cean

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te P

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IIO

cean

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te P

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II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

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ssSo

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Car

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a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

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03

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ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

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r Nam

e

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s (M

illon

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etri

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ns

of C

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l Em

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ons o

f To

p 5

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ts

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Emis

sion

s for

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ide

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l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

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23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

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s Po

wer

Inc

019

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roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

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sin E

lect

ric P

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p0

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gus

Anso

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Stat

es P

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Co

ndash M

inne

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sBl

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s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

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nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

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40

34

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alla

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5Ki

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y Au

thor

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59

TX1

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tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

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n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

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ello

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atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

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0

5W

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lect

ric P

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110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

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120

530

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54

49

2H

unte

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cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

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fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

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cifiC

orp

138

VA1

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ster

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Ele

ctric

amp P

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611

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31

19

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love

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rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

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er C

o4

92

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lect

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er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

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ener

atin

g St

atio

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nask

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Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

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sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

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e of

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tor

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l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

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wer

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tor

as a

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re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

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reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

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p0

01

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C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

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este

r 16

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en M

ount

ain

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er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

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tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

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nty

(WA)

039

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nt C

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ch P

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ion

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t So

und

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gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

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138

849

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75

52

2Fi

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nerg

y H

arris

on P

ower

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tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

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Co

LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

erAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

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850

4M

itche

llO

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er C

o8

37

5M

t S

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inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

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818

WY

1Jim

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ger

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fiCor

p12

87

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ie R

iver

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er C

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1

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fiCor

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fiCor

p5

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es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

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l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

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ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 38: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

Appendices 37

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

MT

1C

olst

ripPP

L M

onta

na L

LC13

55

161

96

57

55

2J

E C

oret

te P

lant

PPL

Mon

tana

LLC

090

3H

ardi

n G

ener

ator

Pro

ject

Rock

y M

ount

ain

Pow

er In

c0

77

4Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

Ye

llow

ston

e En

ergy

LP

0

50

5Le

wis

amp C

lark

Mon

tana

-Dak

ota

Util

ities

Co

037

NC

1Be

lew

s C

reek

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC13

76

430

71

51

36

2Ro

xbor

oPr

ogre

ss E

nerg

y C

arol

inas

Inc

116

0

3M

arsh

all

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC10

05

4G

G A

llen

Duk

e En

ergy

Car

olin

as L

LC4

00

5M

ayo

Prog

ress

Ene

rgy

Car

olin

as In

c3

56

ND

1C

oal C

reek

Gre

at R

iver

Ene

rgy

882

271

93

56

52

2An

telo

pe V

alle

yBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p5

79

3M

ilton

R Y

oung

Min

nkot

a Po

wer

Coo

p In

c5

56

4Le

land

Old

sBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p3

60

5C

oyot

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o3

29

NE

1G

eral

d G

entle

man

Neb

rask

a Pu

blic

Pow

er D

istric

t9

2924

793

48

45

2N

ebra

ska

City

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

875

3N

orth

Om

aha

Om

aha

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

358

4Sh

eldo

nN

ebra

ska

Publ

ic P

ower

Dist

rict

158

5W

hela

n En

ergy

Cen

ter

City

of H

astin

g ndash

(NE)

153

NH

1M

errim

ack

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

200

49

97

32

31

2G

rani

te R

idge

Gra

nite

Rid

ge E

nerg

y L

LC1

47

3EP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LCEP

New

ingt

on E

nerg

y L

LC1

05

4Sc

hille

rPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

H0

30

5N

ewin

gton

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NH

011

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

36

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

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tor

as a

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re o

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atew

ide

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l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

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ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

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nd R

iver

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horit

y7

17

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oner

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ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

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696

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ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

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ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

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Pow

er P

artn

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ipH

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Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

Cou

nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

Poi

nt C

ogen

erat

ion

Mar

ch P

oint

Cog

ener

atio

n C

o0

36

4M

int

Farm

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

138

849

369

75

52

2Fi

rstE

nerg

y H

arris

on P

ower

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

erAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

850

4M

itche

llO

hio

Pow

er C

o8

37

5M

t S

torm

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

818

WY

1Jim

Brid

ger

Paci

fiCor

p12

87

381

89

66

59

2La

ram

ie R

iver

Sta

tion

Basin

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

oop

122

1

3D

ave

John

ston

Paci

fiCor

p5

50

4N

augh

ton

Paci

fiCor

p5

34

5W

yoda

kPa

cifiC

orp

220

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 39: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

38 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

NJ

1Be

rgen

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

PSEG

Fos

sil L

LC2

469

964

15

10

2PS

EG L

inde

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

213

3Re

d O

ak P

ower

LLC

Red

Oak

Pow

er L

LC1

93

4PS

EG H

udso

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nPS

EG F

ossil

LLC

176

5Li

nden

Cog

en P

lant

Cog

en T

echn

olog

ies

Lind

en V

ent

160

NM

1Fo

ur C

orne

rs

Ariz

ona

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o13

85

291

94

53

50

2Sa

n Ju

an

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f NM

115

2

3Es

cala

nte

Tri-S

tate

G amp

T A

ssn

Inc

1

78

4H

obbs

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

CAM

S N

M L

LC1

24

5Lu

na E

nerg

y Fa

cilit

yPu

blic

Ser

vice

Co

of N

M0

70

NV

1Re

id G

ardn

er

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

489

364

44

28

2C

huck

Len

zie

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Nev

ada

Pow

er C

o2

30

3N

orth

Val

my

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

198

4Tr

acy

Sier

ra P

acifi

c Po

wer

Co

129

5TS

Pow

er P

lant

N

ewm

ont

Nev

ada

Ener

gy In

vest

men

t L

LC1

28

NY

1AE

S So

mer

set

LLC

AES

Som

erse

t L

LC3

5111

032

22

7

2N

orth

port

Nat

iona

l Grid

Gen

erat

ion

LLC

206

3D

unki

rk G

ener

atin

g Pl

ant

Dun

kirk

Pow

er L

LC2

05

4Ra

vens

woo

dTC

Rav

ensw

ood

LLC

174

5Ea

st R

iver

Con

solid

ated

Edi

son

Co

NY

Inc

168

OH

1G

ener

al Ja

mes

M G

avin

Ohi

o Po

wer

Co

165

954

750

48

24

2J

M S

tuar

tD

ayto

n Po

wer

amp L

ight

Co

127

5

3Fi

rstE

nerg

y W

H S

amm

isFi

rstE

nerg

y G

ener

atio

n C

orp

105

5

4C

ardi

nal

Car

dina

l Ope

ratin

g C

o7

60

5M

iam

i For

tD

uke

Ener

gy O

hio

Inc

715

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

37

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

OK

1M

usko

gee

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

920

350

69

46

32

2N

orth

east

ern

Publ

ic S

ervi

ce C

o o

f Okl

ahom

a8

60

3G

RDA

Gra

nd R

iver

Dam

Aut

horit

y7

17

4So

oner

Okl

ahom

a G

as amp

Ele

ctric

Co

696

5H

ugo

Wes

tern

Far

mer

s El

ec C

oop

Inc

306

OR

1Bo

ardm

an

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

324

59

89

24

22

2H

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Plan

tH

erm

iston

Gen

erat

ing

Co

LP

0

92

3Kl

amat

h C

ogen

erat

ion

Plan

tPa

cific

Kla

mat

h En

ergy

Inc

074

4Po

rt W

estw

ard

Port

land

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

Co

051

5H

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ipH

erm

iston

Pow

er P

artn

ersh

ip0

45

PA1

Firs

tEne

rgy

Bruc

e M

ansfi

eld

Firs

tEne

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Cor

p16

39

557

48

47

22

2H

atfie

lds

Ferr

y Po

wer

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

104

6

3Ke

ysto

neG

enO

n N

orth

east

Man

agem

ent

Com

pany

100

0

4C

onem

augh

Gen

On

Nor

thea

st M

anag

emen

t C

ompa

ny9

88

5H

omer

City

Sta

tion

Mid

wes

t G

ener

atio

ns E

ME

LLC

897

RI1

Ente

rgy

Rhod

e Is

land

Sta

te E

nerg

y L

P

Ente

rgy

RISE

117

35

99

28

28

2M

anch

este

r St

reet

Dom

inio

n En

ergy

New

Eng

land

LLC

101

3Ti

vert

on P

ower

Pla

ntTi

vert

on P

ower

Inc

061

4O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

IIO

cean

Sta

te P

ower

II0

35

5O

cean

Sta

te P

ower

Oce

an S

tate

Pow

er C

o0

32

SC1

Cro

ssSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y12

89

263

70

49

34

2W

inya

hSo

uth

Car

olin

a Pu

blic

Ser

vice

Aut

horit

y5

03

3W

ater

eeSo

uth

Car

olin

a El

ectr

ic amp

Gas

Co

3

76

4W

illia

ms

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Gen

ertg

Co

Inc

246

5Ja

sper

Sout

h C

arol

ina

Elec

tric

amp G

as C

o2

16

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

38

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

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42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 40: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

Appendices 39

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

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ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

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1M

usko

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Co

920

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306

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artn

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ip0

45

PA1

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e M

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erat

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22

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6

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100

0

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ny9

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atio

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ME

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28

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anch

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New

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ater

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76

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arol

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Gen

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Inc

246

5Ja

sper

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Cont

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38

Ind

icat

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at th

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pla

nt is

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dule

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3

plusmn O

btai

ned

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ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

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5 a

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of P

ower

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tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

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ns fo

r Pow

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ecto

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re o

f Sta

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l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

SD1

Big

Ston

eO

tter

Tai

l Pow

er C

o2

632

910

023

23

2Be

n Fr

ench

Bl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

019

3G

roto

n G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nBa

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Coo

p0

04

4An

gus

Anso

nN

orth

ern

Stat

es P

ower

Co

ndash M

inne

sota

004

5La

nge

Gas

Tur

bine

sBl

ack

Hill

s Po

wer

Inc

000

TN1

Cum

berla

ndTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity12

36

344

83

40

34

2G

alla

tinTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity7

25

3Jo

hnso

nvill

eTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity5

49

4Al

len

Stea

m P

lant

Tenn

esse

e Va

lley

Auth

ority

473

5Ki

ngst

onTe

nnes

see

Valle

y Au

thor

ity4

59

TX1

Mar

tin L

ake

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC18

76

746

30

34

10

2W

A P

arish

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

178

1

3M

ontic

ello

Lum

inan

t G

ener

atio

n C

ompa

ny L

LC13

69

4Li

mes

tone

NRG

Tex

as P

ower

LLC

133

0

5W

elsh

So

uthw

este

rn E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

110

1

UT

1In

term

ount

ain

Pow

er P

roje

ct

Los

Ange

les

Dep

artm

ent

of W

ater

amp P

ower

120

530

690

54

49

2H

unte

rPa

cifiC

orp

843

3H

untin

gton

Paci

fiCor

p5

54

4Bo

nanz

aD

eser

et G

ener

atio

n amp

Tra

n C

oop

322

5C

arbo

nPa

cifiC

orp

138

VA1

Che

ster

field

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

611

168

60

31

19

2C

love

rVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o4

92

3C

hesa

peak

eVi

rgin

ia E

lect

ric amp

Pow

er C

o2

73

4Te

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia G

ener

atin

g St

atio

nTe

nask

a Vi

rgin

ia P

artn

ers

LP

1

73

5C

linch

Riv

er

Appa

lach

ian

Pow

er C

o1

32

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

39

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

hare

of E

ach

Stat

ersquos

Elec

tric

ity-

Sect

or C

arb

on D

ioxi

de

Pollu

tion

Con

trib

uted

by

the

Top

5 M

ost-

Pollu

ting

Pow

er P

lant

s

Stat

eRa

nkPl

ant N

ame

Ope

rato

r Nam

e

Emis

sion

s (M

illon

M

etri

c to

ns

of C

O2)

Tota

l Em

issi

ons o

f To

p 5

Plan

ts

(MM

T of

CO

2)

Emis

sion

s fo

r Top

5 a

s a

Shar

e of

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

Tota

l (20

11)

Emis

sion

s for

Po

wer

-Sec

tor

as a

Sha

re o

f St

atew

ide

Tota

l (20

10)

Estim

ated

Sh

are

of

Stat

ewid

e Em

issi

ons

Cont

ribu

ted

by

Top

5plusmn

VT1

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Mid

dleb

ury

Col

lege

Bio

mas

s0

010

096

0

0

2Be

rlin

5G

reen

Mou

ntai

n Po

wer

Cor

p0

01

3J

C M

cNei

lC

ity o

f Bur

lingt

on E

lect

ric (

VT)

000

4C

olch

este

r 16

Gre

en M

ount

ain

Pow

er C

orp

000

5Ru

tland

Cen

tral

Ver

mon

t Pu

b Se

rv C

orp

000

WA

1Tr

ansa

lta C

entr

alia

Gen

erat

ion

Tran

sAlta

Cen

tral

ia G

en L

LC5

366

788

17

15

2Ri

ver

Road

Gen

Pla

ntPU

D N

o 1

of C

lark

Cou

nty

(WA)

039

3M

arch

Poi

nt C

ogen

erat

ion

Mar

ch P

oint

Cog

ener

atio

n C

o0

36

4M

int

Farm

Gen

erat

ing

Stat

ion

Puge

t So

und

Ener

gy In

c0

27

5C

heha

lis G

ener

atin

g Fa

cilit

yPa

cifiC

orp

027

WI

1C

olum

bia

Wisc

onsin

Pow

er amp

Lig

ht C

o7

2429

167

43

29

2Pl

easa

nt P

rairi

eW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

665

3W

esto

nW

iscon

sin P

ublic

Ser

vice

Cor

p5

82

4So

uth

Oak

Cre

ekW

iscon

sin E

lect

ric P

ower

Co

496

5Ed

gew

ater

W

iscon

sin P

ower

amp L

ight

Co

442

WV

1Jo

hn E

Am

osAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

138

849

369

75

52

2Fi

rstE

nerg

y H

arris

on P

ower

Sta

tion

Alle

ghen

y En

ergy

Sup

ply

Co

LLC

103

7

3M

ount

aine

erAp

pala

chia

n Po

wer

Co

850

4M

itche

llO

hio

Pow

er C

o8

37

5M

t S

torm

Virg

inia

Ele

ctric

amp P

ower

Co

818

WY

1Jim

Brid

ger

Paci

fiCor

p12

87

381

89

66

59

2La

ram

ie R

iver

Sta

tion

Basin

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

oop

122

1

3D

ave

John

ston

Paci

fiCor

p5

50

4N

augh

ton

Paci

fiCor

p5

34

5W

yoda

kPa

cifiC

orp

220

Ind

icat

es th

at th

is po

wer

pla

nt is

sche

dule

d fo

r ret

irem

ent11

3

plusmn O

btai

ned

by m

ultip

lyin

g Em

issio

ns fo

r Top

5 a

s a S

hare

of P

ower

-Sec

tor T

otal

(201

1) b

y Em

issio

ns fo

r Pow

er-S

ecto

r as a

Sha

re o

f Sta

tew

ide

Tota

l (20

10) U

S E

IA d

oes n

ot h

ave

stat

e-by

-sta

te d

ata

for

pow

er-s

ecto

r em

issio

ns fo

r 201

1

Cont

inue

d fro

m p

age

40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 41: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

40 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

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42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 42: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

Appendices 41

Tab

le A

-3 T

he S

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ach

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tric

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40

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 43: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

42 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

Notes1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ldquoSum-

mary for Policy Makersrdquo in CB Field et al (eds) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special

Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and

ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐƚŽĚǀĂŶĐĞůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ 2011

2 Tony Dutzik Elizabeth Ridlington and Tom Van ĞĞŬĞampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚEĂƚŚĂŶtŝůůĐŽdžŶǀŝƌŽŶ-ment America Research amp Policy Center In the Path

of the Storm Global Warming Extreme Weather

and the Impacts of Weather-Related Disasters in the

United States from 2007 to 2012ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϯ LJƵůLJϮϬϭϮϲϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůĚƌŽƵŐŚƚĂĐĐŽƌĚ-ŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂĞŶƚĞƌ ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽĨϮϬϭϮƚŚĞŵŽƐƚǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŝŶĐĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϭϵϱϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞWĂůŵĞƌƌŽƵŐŚƚ^ĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŶĚĞdž^ĞĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂ-ƟŽŶSummer 2012 Drought UpdateĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĚƌŽƵŐŚƚŐŽǀŝŵĂŐĞƐĞƌǀĞƌE^ŚŽŵĞƉ-ĂŐĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌͺϮϬϭϮͺƌŽƵŐŚƚͺhƉĚĂƚĞͺƵůLJͺϮϱƉĚĨ ϮϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ^ĞĞĂůƐŽEĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEĂƟŽŶĂůůŝŵĂƟĐĂƚĂCenter^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŵĂƚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁʹJuly 2012ĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁŶĐĚĐŶŽĂĂŐŽǀƐŽƚĐŶĂƟŽŶĂůϮϬϭϮϳϴDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯ

4 See note 2

5 dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞ-tary WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

6 gtĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚŶƚĞƌŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůWĂŶĞůŽŶClimate Change Climate Change 2007 The Physical

^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĂƐŝƐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƉƚŽƚŚĞFourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change 2007EĂƟŽŶĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ

Council Advancing the Science of Climate Change

ϮϬϭϬWŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŝŶƚŚĞh^^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions

and Sinks 1990-2011ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Inventory of

US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2011 ϭϮƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϴ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϱϵϲϮƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƉŽƌƚĨƵĞůĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĚĂƚĂŵŽŶƚŚůLJŽƌĂŶŶƵĂůůLJŽŶampŽƌŵϵϮϯdŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐŽŵĞǁŝŶĚĂŶĚƐŽůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ^ĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶForm EIA-923 detailed

dataĮŶĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϯĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJĚĂƚĂĞŝĂϵϮϯ

9 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶState-Level

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 2000-2010 ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϭϯDĂLJϮϬϭϯ

10 h^ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŝŶƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚWgtEĞƚŚĞƌ-lands Environmental Assessment Agency Emission

Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ǀ ϰϮͿϮϬϭϭĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚĞĚŐĂƌ ũƌĐĞĐĞƵƌŽƉĂĞƵŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁƉŚƉǀсKϮƚƐϭϵϵϬͲϮϬϭϭΘƐŽƌƚсĚĞƐϵ^ĞĞmethodology

11 See note 10

12 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨh^ƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐtĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƐĞĐ-ƚŽƌʹĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƵƐĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐʹĂƐĂƉƌŽdžLJĨŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞK2

ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞ

ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂ-ƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞK2

Emissions data for

ϮϬϭϬƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϯϭĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 44: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

Notes 43

ĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĞͺĞŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐĐĨŵͿďLJϵϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͲƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŽƚŽƌŐĂƐŽůŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJůŝŐŚƚͲĚƵƚLJƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƚŽƌŶĞƌŐLJhƐĞďLJampƵĞůdLJƉĞtŝƚŚŝŶĂDŽĚĞZĞĨĞƌ-ence caserdquo ŶŶƵĂůŶĞƌŐLJKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϭϯ released 15 ƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯ

ϭϯ See note 10

14 Ibid

15 Ibid

16 See note 9

ϭϳ ŶƚŚĞEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƐŽĨŽŶŶĞĐƟĐƵƚDĂŝŶĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐEĞǁĂŵƉƐŚŝƌĞZŚŽĚĞƐůĂŶĚĂŶĚsĞƌŵŽŶƚϮϬϭϭƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐǁĞƌĞϰϳϰϴϭϬϬϬDtŚƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average

WƌŝĐĞʹdĂďůe 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Con-

sumers by Sector Census Division and State released Ϯϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿŶƚŚĞEWEĞǁŶŐůĂŶĚWeGRIDƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŵŝƚϳϮϴϰϭůďƐŽĨK2DtŚƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶAgency eGRID2012 Version 10ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞŐƌŝĚŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůŽŶϮϴƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƚĂƚĞƐĞŵŝƩĞĚϭϱϳDDdŽĨK2 in 2011

ϭϴ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

19 sĞŶĞnjƵĞůĂ ƐĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶϮϬϭϭǁĞƌĞϭϳϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶƐDDdͿŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϬƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ

20 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

21 See note 9

22 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϮĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞŚŝĐůĞƐ

Ϯϯ Calculated using an annual eGRID K2 emissions ŽƵƚƉƵƚƌĂƚĞŽĨϭϮϭϲϭϴůďƐK2DtŚĨŽƌƚŚĞh^ĂƐĂǁŚŽůĞƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϭϳͿĂŶĚƚŽƚĂůh^ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƐĂůĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϭƉĞƌh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶElectric Sales Revenue and Average PricemdashTable 2 Sales to Bundled and Unbundled Consumers by Sec-

tor Census Division and StateƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵ-ďĞƌϮϬϭϮͿZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂůĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ǁĞƌĞϭϰϮϮŵŝůůŝŽŶDtŚŝŶϮϬϭϭǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨϳϴϱDDdŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ

24 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

25 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJEŽƚĞdŽƚŚĞĞdžƚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐŚĂƐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĐŽĂůĂƐĂƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĨƵĞůĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϮϬϭϭƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƐƚŽh^ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞreduced

26 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽǁKůĚƌĞh^WŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐƵƉĚĂƚĞĚϱDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞŝĂŐŽǀĞŶĞƌŐLJͺŝŶͺďƌŝĞĨĂƌƟĐůĞĂŐĞͺŽĨͺĞůĞĐͺgencfm

Ϯϳ hŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐZŝƉĞĨŽƌZĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚThe Case for Closing Americarsquos Costliest Coal Plants EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

Ϯϴ Ibid

29 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϬ Ibid

ϯϭ See methodology

ϯϮ ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ

ϯϯ tĞŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƐĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďLJŵƵůƟƉůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŽƚĂůƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞƉŽůůƵ-ƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶϮϬϭϬďLJƚŚĞƐŚĂƌĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƐƚĂƚĞ ƐƉŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚŽƉϱƉŽůůƵƟŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶϮϬϭϭ^ƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐĂƌ-ďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐĞĞh^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĞϵƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƉϱƉůĂŶƚƐƐĞĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJͿdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐ-ƚƌĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƐƚĂƚĞͲďLJͲƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌƉŽǁĞƌͲsector emissions from 2011

ϯϰ See notes 1 and 2

ϯϱ See note 2

ϯϲ ^ĞĞĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƌŝĐZŽĞĐŬŶĞƌ ĞƚĂůŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚampƵƚƵƌĞŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶWĂƚŚǁĂLJƐĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƵƉůĞĚůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂƌďŽŶLJĐůĞ^ŝŵƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ůŝŵĂƟĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶůŝŶĞͿKϭϬϭϬϬϳƐϭϬϱϴϰͲϬϭϬͲϵϴϴϲͲϲϮϭƵůLJϮϬϭϬdŚĞƌĞŝƐŐƌĞĂƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞ-vent dangerous climate change based both on the ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĂƚŚǁĂLJŽĨĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŶ-ƐŝƟǀŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƚŽŐůŽďĂůǁĂƌŵŝŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐampŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞĂƐƚƵĚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJƌĞĂƚƌŝƚĂŝŶ ƐZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŵĂLJ

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 45: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

44 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

ŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂϮΣƌŝƐĞŝŶŐůŽďĂůĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐŝĨŝƚŝƐĞǀĞŶƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĂƚĂůů^ĞĞltĞǀŝŶŶĚĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůŝĐĞŽǁƐĞLJŽŶĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐĨŽƌĂEĞǁtŽƌůĚ Philosophical Transac-

ƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů^ŽĐŝĞƚLJϯϲϵϮϬͲϰϰĚŽŝϭϬϭϬϵϴrsta20100290 2011

ϯϳ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϯϴ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cli-

ŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳ^LJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨWorking Groups I II and III to the Fourth Assessment

Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϯϵ ƵƐƟŶŝůůŝƐůŝŵĂƚĞWĂŶĞůŝƚĞƐEĞĂƌĞƌƚĂŝŶƚLJŽŶtĂƌŵŝŶŐ dŚĞEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐϭϵƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

40 EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶEKϮϬϭϬdŝĞĚĨŽƌtĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌŽŶZĞĐŽƌĚ 12 January 2011

41 tŽƌůĚDĞƚĞŽƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ2010 in Top Three

tĂƌŵĞƐƚzĞĂƌƐϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϭϬtĂƌŵĞƐƚϭϬͲzĞĂƌWĞƌŝŽĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞͿϮĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϬ

42 See note 40

ϰϯ See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

44 Ibid

45 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƚampůŽƌŝĚĂ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌLJϭΣŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƐĞĂͲƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐ(category 4 and 5) increases by nearly one-third James Elsner et al ldquoThe Increasing Intensity of the ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚdƌŽƉŝĐĂůLJĐůŽŶĞƐ Nature 455 92-95 4 ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴ

46 See note 6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ϰϳ W ^ŽŬŽůŽǀĞƚĂůDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨdĞĐŚ-nology Joint Program on the Science and Policy ŽĨůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞWƌŽďĂďŝůŝƐƟĐampŽƌĞĐĂƐƚĨŽƌϮϭst ĞŶƚƵƌLJůŝŵĂƚĞĂƐĞĚŽŶhŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐŝŶŵŝƐ-ƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚWŽůŝĐLJͿĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐ Journal of ClimateϮϮϭϵͿϱϭϳϱͲϱϮϬϰŝŶƉƌĞƐƐĚŽŝϭϬϭϭϳϱϮϬϬϵgtϮϴϲϯϭͿϮϬϬϵsŝĐŬLJWŽƉĞhŶŝƚĞĚltŝŶŐĚŽŵDĞƚKĸĐĞĞĂĚŽĨůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĚǀŝĐĞDĞƚKĸĐĞtĂƌŶŽĨĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐZŝƐĞŝŶdĞŵƉĞƌĂ-

turerdquo dŚĞdŝŵĞƐKŶůŝŶĞgtŽŶĚŽŶͿϭϵĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϴTony Dutzik et al see note 2

ϰϴ ^ƵƐĂŶ^ŽůŽŵŽŶĞƚĂůh^EĂƟŽŶĂůKĐĞĂŶŝĐĂŶĚƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌƌĞǀĞƌƐŝďůĞůŝŵĂƚĞChange due to Carbon Emissionsrdquo Proceedings of the

EĂƟŽŶĂůĐĂĚĞŵLJŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐϭϬϲϭϳϬϰͲϭϳϬϵϭϬFebruary 2009

49 dŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬdƵƌŶŽǁŶƚŚĞĞĂƚtŚLJĂϰΣWarmer World Must be AvoidedZĞƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬďLJƚŚĞWŽƚƐĚĂŵŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞŵ-ƉĂĐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŶĂůLJƟĐƐEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

50 Ibid

51 Ibid

52 Ibid

ϱϯ Ibid

54 Ibid

55 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ KnjŽŶĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϵϵϵ

56 ůŝnjĂďĞƚŚDĂƌƟŶWĞƌĞƌĂĂŶĚdŽĚĚ^ĂŶĨŽƌĚhŶŝŽŶŽĨŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚZŝƐŝŶŐdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐtŽƌƐĞŶŝŶŐKnjŽŶĞWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ June 2011

ϱϳ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůůŝŵĂƚĞĂŶĚzŽƵƌĞĂůƚŚĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞDŽƐƚ^ĞƌŝŽƵƐĞĂůƚŚīĞĐƚƐof Climate ChangeĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŶƌĚĐŽƌŐŚĞĂůƚŚĮůĞƐĐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĨĂĐƚƐƉĚĨŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϱϴ dŚŽŵĂƐZltĂƌůĞƌƌLJDDĞůŝůůŽĂŶĚdŚŽŵĂƐWĞ-ƚĞƌƐŽŶĞĚƐͿh^ůŽďĂůŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚWƌŽŐƌĂŵGlobal Climate Change Impacts in the United States 2009

59 WĞƚĞƌůƚŵĂŶĞƚĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶ-cil Killer Summer Heat Projected Death Toll from Ris-

ing Temperatures in America Due to Climate Change May 2012

60 Ibid

61 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϴ

62 EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůRising Tide of Ill-

ŶĞƐƐŽǁůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐŽƵůĚŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞdŚƌĞĂƚof Waterborne Diseases July 2010

ϲϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϱϳ

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 46: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

Notes 45

64 Ibid

65 dƌĂǀŝƐDĂĚƐĞŶampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚgtĂƵƌĞŶZĂŶĚĂůůEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center ŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŝŐŐĞƐƚDĞƌĐƵƌLJWŽůůƵƚĞƌƐŽǁůĞĂŶ-

ŝŶŐhƉƚŚĞŝƌƟĞƐƚWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐtŝůůWƌŽƚĞĐƚWƵďůŝĐHealthEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

66 WŚŝůŝƉƉĞƌĂŶĚũĞĂŶĂŶĚWŚŝůŝƉgtĂŶĚƌŝŐĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉ-ŵĞŶƚĂůEĞƵƌŽƚŽdžŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ The

LancetϯϲϴϮϭϲϳͲϮϭϳϴϭϲĞĐĞŵďĞƌϮϬϬϲ

ϲϳ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞDĂƩĞƌĞĂůƚŚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀƉŵŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϲϴ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Sulfur Dioxide

HealthĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƐƵůĨƵƌ-ĚŝŽdžŝĚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

69 h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Acid Rain ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂĐŝĚƌĂŝŶŝŶĚĞdžŚƚŵůϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϮ

ϳϬ EĂƚŚĂŶŝĞůƌŽŶĞŶǁŽůĚWŚŝĞĨZĂƉƐͲϴĂůůƐĨŽƌůŽďĂůƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƵƚƐŌĞƌϮϬϭϱ EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ 21 July 2009

ϳϭ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϯϲ

ϳϮ ^ƵũĂƚĂƵƉƚĂĞŶŶŝƐdŝƌƉĂŬĞƚĂůWŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶƐƚƌƵ-ŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŽͲŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶClimate

ŚĂŶŐĞϮϬϬϳDŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨtŽƌŬŝŶŐGroup III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeϮϬϬϳ

ϳϯ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϰ h^ĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽdžŝĚĞĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶϭϵϵϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϭƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϳ

ϳϱ dŽŶLJƵƚnjŝŬĞƚĂůampƌŽŶƟĞƌƌŽƵƉĂŶĚZŽď^ĂƌŐĞŶƚEnvironment America Research amp Policy Center The

tĂLJampŽƌǁĂƌĚŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵƟŽŶdŽĚĂLJĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐDŽŵĞŶƚƵŵĨŽƌdŽŵŽƌ-ƌŽǁďLJWƌŽŵŽƟŶŐůĞĂŶŶĞƌŐLJͶsŽůƵŵĞϭŶǀŝƐŝŽŶ-

ing a Clean Energy Path to Address Global Warming

^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϭ

ϳϲ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚKďĂŵĂƐůŝŵĂƚĞĐƟŽŶPlan ĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚͿϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁŚŝƚĞŚŽƵƐĞŐŽǀƚŚĞͲƉƌĞƐƐͲŽĸĐĞϮϬϭϯϬϲϮϱĨĂĐƚͲƐŚĞĞƚͲƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚͲŽďĂŵĂͲƐͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞͲĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϳϳ Ibid

ϳϴ dŚĞtŚŝƚĞŽƵƐĞKĸĐĞŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞƐƐ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJ Presi-

ĚĞŶƟĂůDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵʹWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌĂƌďŽŶWŽůůƵ-

ƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯ

ϳϵ h^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Standards

of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

ĨŽƌEĞǁ^ƚĂƟŽŶĂƌLJ^ŽƵƌĐĞƐůĞĐƚƌŝĐhƟůŝƚLJĞŶ-

ĞƌĂƟŶŐhŶŝƚƐϮϱƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐŐŽǀηĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞƚĂŝůсWͲYͲKZͲϮϬϭϭͲϬϲϲϬͲϬϬϬϭ

ϴϬ Ibid

ϴϭ ǀĞƌĂŐĞĞdžĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂƚͲĂŶĚͲƉŽǁĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϱDt^ĞĞh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ŶŽƚĞƐϳĂŶĚϭϳand methodology ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϮ ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϴϯ ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ

Statement of Joseph Mendelson Legal Director

ŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐgtĞŐĂůWĞƟƟŽŶŽŶůŽďĂůtĂƌŵŝŶŐϮϬ

November 1999ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵϮϬϵϮϬϬϳϰϭϱϱ

ƉƌĞƐƐƌĞůĞĂƐĞĐĨŵŶĞǁƐͺŝĚсϭϯŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϰ Ibid

ϴϱ h^ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƵƐƟĐĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐǀŶǀŝ-ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ϱϰϵh^ϰϵϳϮϬϬϳͿ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽǀĞŶƌĚϯϱϴϵŚƚŵŽŶϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯ

ϴϲ Ibid

ϴϳ Ibid

ϴϴ EĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ Back-

ŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨWZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞĞŶŚŽƵƐĞĂƐͿŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐhŶĚĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂŶŝƌĐƚĂŶĚEĂƟŽŶĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂŶŝƌŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐon EPA GHG Regulatory and Policy Proposals 19 July 2011

ϴϵ tŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞWhat are Federal Agencies

ŽŝŶŐƚŽZĞĚƵĐĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚĂƚǁǁǁǁƌŝŽƌŐƚŽŽůƐĞƉĂƉŝĞĞƉĂƉŝĞͲĨƌĂŵĞŚƚŵůϮϰƵůLJϮϬϭϯEŝĐŚŽůĂƐŝĂŶĐŽĂŶĚampƌĂŶnjgtŝƚnjtŽƌůĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŶƐƟƚƵƚĞReducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the

hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐhƐŝŶŐdžŝƐƟŶŐampĞĚĞƌĂůƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ^ƚĂƚĞĐƟŽŶ July 2010

90 Ibid

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110

Page 47: America’s Dirtiest Power Plants - Environment Minnesota€¦ · polluting power plant. Each year, it emits more carbon dioxide pollution than that produced by energy consumption

46 Americarsquos Dirtiest Power Plants

91 ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Proposed Carbon

WŽůůƵƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌEĞǁWŽǁĞƌWůĂŶƚƐ (fact sheet) ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐƉƐƉĚĨƐϮϬϭϮϬϯϮϳĨĂĐƚƐŚĞĞƚƉĚĨŽŶϭƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

92 ^ĞĞŶŽƚĞϳϴ

ϵϯ h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

94 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Annual En-

ĞƌŐLJZĞǀŝĞǁϮϬϭϭƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚϮϳ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

95 h^ŶĞƌŐLJŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϴ

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ Air Markets Pro-

gram Data ƋƵĞƌLJƚŽŽůĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŵƉĚĞƉĂ

ŐŽǀĂŵƉĚŽŶϮϲƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

96 This fuel category includes anthracite culm bitumi-

ŶŽƵƐŐŽďĮŶĞĐŽĂůůŝŐŶŝƚĞǁĂƐƚĞĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĐŽĂůtĞ

ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌŽĂůDŝdžĞĚůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůWŽǁĞƌ^ĞĐƚŽƌ

ĨƌŽŵh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌ

ĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉEmission Factors for Green-

house Gas InventoriesEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϭ

ϵϳ Ibid

ϵϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĞĨĞŶƐĞŽƵŶĐŝůBenchmarking Air

ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞϭϬϬgtĂƌŐĞƐƚůĞĐƚƌŝĐWŽǁĞƌWƌŽĚƵĐ-

ers in the United StatesDĂLJϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁ

ŶƌĚĐŽƌŐĂŝƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐĮůĞƐďĞŶĐŚ-

ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐͲϮϬϭϯƉĚĨ

99 ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĚŝĞƐĞůĂƐǁĞůůĂƐEŽϭEŽϮĂŶĚEŽϰĨƵĞů

oils

100 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉĞƚƌŽůĞƵŵĐŽŬĞ

101 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚƵĂůĨƵĞůŽŝůƐŶƵŵďĞƌϱĂŶĚ

number 6

102 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌǁĂƐƚĞŽŝůďůĞŶĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞƐŝĚƵĂů

ĨƵĞůŽŝůƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ

tĂƐƚĞKŝůŽŵďƵƐƟŽŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵǁǁǁ

ĞƉĂŐŽǀƩŶĐŚŝĞĨĂƉϰϮĐŚϬϭĮŶĂůĐϬϭƐϭϭƉĚĨŽŶϴ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

ϭϬϯ tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ

ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

104 tĞƵƐĞĚĂǀĂůƵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů

ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞĨŽƌďůĂƐƚĨƵƌŶĂĐĞŐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞůĞĐ-

ƚƌŝĐŝƚLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

105 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌĨƵĞůŐĂƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ-

ƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞŶŽƚĞϵϲ

106 tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚƐƚĞĂŵĂŶĚŚŽƚ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϳ tĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞĨŽƌƟƌĞƐƉĞƌh^ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJ ĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌůŝŵĂƚĞgtĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĞĞ

note 96

ϭϬϴ See note 9

109 ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌǀĞ-

ŚŝĐůĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Agencyrsquos Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calcula-

torƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚǁǁǁĞƉĂŐŽǀ

ĐůĞĂŶĞŶĞƌŐLJĞŶĞƌŐLJͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌ Śƚŵů

110 ŽĂůƉůĂŶƚƌĞƟƌĞŵĞŶƚůŝƐƚƐƉƌĞĂĚƐŚĞĞƚͿŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚ

ĨƌŽŵĞīĞLJĞƩĞ^ĞŶŝŽƌŶĞƌŐLJŶĂůLJƐƚĂƚhŶŝŽŶŽĨ

ŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶϭϵ

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϯ

111 ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĚĂƚĂŝŶdĂďůĞƐͲϮĂŶĚ

ͲϯĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ

112 See note 109

ϭϭϯ See note 110


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