American Civil War

1861-1865

What Led to War?

Slavery introduced in the 1500s. In the United States, in 1619.1783 Constitution: a slave was 3/5th a person1794 Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney 1794 Abolitionists: William Lloyd Garrison 1820 Missouri Compromise Underground Railroad1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act John Brown1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin1856 Republican Party

Abraham Lincoln

Illinois attorney1860 Nominated by Republican Party for presidentElected by minority vote1860 South Carolina secedes1861 Assumes office

Confederate States of America

Union: 16 statesConfederacy: 12 statesBorder: 4 states

Jefferson Davis

Southern Concerns

• Loss of Economic Power• Loss of Lifestyle• Loss of “Peculiar” Institution

Charleston, SC 1860

Major Battles

• 1861 Fort Sumter

Other Battles

• Bull Run /Manassas Creek• Shiloh• Vicksburg• Gettysburg• Sherman’s March to the Sea• Appomattox Courthouse

Important Figures

South• Robert E. Lee Lee

• Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson• Jeb StuartNorth• Ulysses S. Grant• William Sherman• Phil Sheridan Grant

Post War14th Amendment All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and

subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

15th Amendment The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be

denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Reconstruction

• Rutherford B. Hayes• Poll Tax• Ku Klux Klan• Education Battles• Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.• Civil Rights Act 1964• Voting Rights Act 1965

King

Desegregation

Little Rock, Ark. High School 1958

University of Alabama 1963

Today

• Black Population 12.8 percent (2006)

• City with largest black population: New York, 2 million

Results of Civil War• Racism• Movement of Afro-Americans from South to the North• Republican Party• Shift in political power from President to Congress. Reversed in Depression• Increased black involvement in politics: Ralph Bunche, Thurgood Marshall, Condoleezza Rice, Colin Powell

Eventually:

Military equality

End of separate but equal education

End of red-lining; End of ghettoes

End of hiring discrimination

Marshall

Sports

• Baseball: Jackie Robinson, Larry Doby• Tennis: Althea Gibson, Arthur Ashe• Golf: Charlie Sifford, Jim Thorpe, Tiger Woods• Basketball: 1966 Texas Western