AP US HISTORYAP US HISTORYChapter 3- Settling the Northern Colonies, 1619-1700Chapter 3- Settling the Northern Colonies, 1619-1700

TYPES OF ENGLISH COLONIESTYPES OF ENGLISH COLONIES

• Corporate– Virginia started as one (Virginia Company)

• Royal– Virginia became one after the Virginia Company lost

their charter in 1625

• Proprietary– Examples include:

• Pennsylvania (the king repaid a debt to William Penn)• Maryland (given by the king to George Calvert)

PURITANISMPURITANISM•Wanted to purify the Church of England

•Characterized by•The “elect”•Predestination•Anti-Catholicism

SEPARATISTSSEPARATISTS

• Puritans who believed Puritans who believed only “visible saints” only “visible saints” [those who could [those who could demonstrate in front demonstrate in front of their fellow Puritans of their fellow Puritans their elect status] their elect status] should be admitted to should be admitted to church membership.church membership.

• Because the Church of Because the Church of England enrolled all England enrolled all the king’s subjects, the king’s subjects, Separatists felt they Separatists felt they had to share churches had to share churches with the “damned.”with the “damned.”

• Therefore, they Therefore, they believed in a total believed in a total break from the Church break from the Church of England.of England.

FOUNDERS OF MASSACHUSSETSFOUNDERS OF MASSACHUSSETS

• In 1620 102 Englishmen in Holland (half of them Separatists) negotiated with the Virginia Company for permission to settle on their lands

• Winds pushed them north out of the Company’s territory

• Landed in 1620 at Plymouth Rock• Drew up the _____ _____ to help govern their colony.

(Mayflower Compact)Colony growth was small; Plymouth was annexed later by

MA

MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONYMASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY

• Established by Puritans led by John Winthrop in 1630

• Colony dominated by very conservative religious beliefs and practices

• “Town meetings” took place for self-government in town meeting house (church)

• Family-centered organization, long life spans

“Covenant of Grace”: between Puritan communities and God.

“Social Covenant”: Between members of Puritan communities with each other.

Required mutual watchfulness.

No toleration of deviance or disorder.

No privacy.

PURITAN THEOLOGYPURITAN THEOLOGY

DOMINANCE OF RELIGION- MADOMINANCE OF RELIGION- MA

• Quakerism was illegal in MA; Mary Dyer was hanged for defying the ban after 4 arrests

• Church membership and attendance were mandatory; services lasted the majority of the day on Sunday

• Single people were especially watched.

THE GREAT MIGRATIONTHE GREAT MIGRATION•In 1630 alone, 17 ships sailed for MA•From 1630-1641, 200 ships carried approx. 21,200 colonists to MA

GROWTH OF NEW ENGLAND COLONIESGROWTH OF NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

GROWTH OF NEW ENGLAND COLONIESGROWTH OF NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

CHALLENGES TO PURITAN AUTHORITYCHALLENGES TO PURITAN AUTHORITY

Rhode Island MA offshoot; Roger Williams est. Baptist church in 1638 in

Providence

Connecticut Most settlers English or Dutch.

Fundamental Orders of CT drawn in 1639 establishing form of democratic rule.

OTHER NEW ENGLAND COLONIESOTHER NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

Maine Part of MBC until 1820

New Hampshire Part of MBC from 1641- 1679 until separated by the king.

OTHER NEW ENGLAND COLONIESOTHER NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

RELATIONS WITH THE NATIVE TRIBESRELATIONS WITH THE NATIVE TRIBES

• Varied with colonies• “Praying towns”• Pequot War(1636-

1637 in MA)• King Philip’s War

(1675-1676 in much of New England)

New England Confederation

Established by the colonists of MBC, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven, 1642-1649

Dominion of New England Established by the Crown, 1686-1689

EARLY EFFORTS TO UNITEEARLY EFFORTS TO UNITE

POPULATION OF NEW ENGLAND, 1620-1750POPULATION OF NEW ENGLAND, 1620-1750

THE FIRST TWO “MIDDLE COLONIES”THE FIRST TWO “MIDDLE COLONIES”

• New Netherlands (New York)

• New Sweden (Delaware)

PENNSYLVANIAPENNSYLVANIA

• 29M acres granted by Charles II to William Penn

• Haven for Quakers• Also welcomed other

faiths, including Jews• Decent relationship

with Native Americans

NEW JERSEYNEW JERSEY

• King gave land to his brother.• Brother gave land to his friends.• Friends tried to make a few bucks.• People immigrated from New England, but bought

land from the Native Americans.

MIDDLE COLONIES SUMMARYMIDDLE COLONIES SUMMARY

• “Bread colonies”• Networked by rivers• Lumber and shipbuilding industries• Moderate land ownership sizes (except NY)• More variety of ethnicities• More religious toleration• Land easier to acquire (except NY)