Slide 1

20AMERICAS AND OCEANIA

AZTECSTenochtitlanAgriculture, warfare

SpecializationTradeLarge markets

UrbanizationExpansion

HierarchyMilitary eliteMales, warriors

PriestsRead omens, advisors

Merchants PoctecaTrade, intelligence

Commoners

Slaves

RELIGIONgodsSacrificeHumans

Priests: self-sacrifice

INCAS

INCASEngineers

Waterways60 mile route

Roads380 K sq. miles

Military

ReligionSun-godSacrifice

WOMEN N.AMERICA Power DivorceMatrilineal

WOMENRegional differencesHouseholdInfluence: familyProperty

19

Cliff Palace, at Mesa Verde National Park in southwest Colorado, was created 900 years ago when the Anasazis left the mesa tops and moved into more secure and inaccessible cliff dwellings. Facing southwest, the building gained heat from the rays of the low afternoon sun in winter, and overhanging rock protected the structure from rain, snow, and the hot midday summer sun. The numerous round kivas, each eavered with a flat roof originally, suggest that Cliff Palace may have had a ceremonial importance.CORBIS,NY

The City of Cahokia, with a population of more than 30,000, was the center of a farming society that arose on the Mississippi bottomlands near present-day St. Louis in the tenth century CE. The Cahokians built dozens of vast earthen mound covering six square miles, evidence of their complex social organization.SOURCE:Painting by Michael Hampshire.Community Life at Cahokia .Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site.

Native American legacy

S. PACIFICAustraliaAborigines Trade, culture

Asia: 6K yearsSpread

CanoesHawaii, New ZealandAmericas?

Ship tech.