Amino acids- many, but 3 important

Glutamate (glutamic acid)- main excitatory/learning- glutamine - glutamic acid- 4 receptor types

- Kainate/Quisqualate- NMDA- AMPA- Meta - few or several?

- inactivation - reuptake- distribution

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)- main inhibitory- glutamic acid -> GABA- 2 receptor types

- GABA A - ionotropic/Cl-- GABA B - metabotropic/K+

- inactivation -reuptake -neuron/glia- distribution

Glycine- inhibitory - spine/hindbrain/motor- ionotropic - Cl-

Monoamines (Biogenic Amines)- slower/longer effect - modulatory

- catecholamines- Epinephrine, norE, dopamine

- indolamines- serotonin (5-HT)

- DopamineTyrosine - L-DOPA - Dopamine- 5 receptor types - metabotropic- release - varicosities- inactivation - reuptake & MAO- distribution

Acetylcholine - Ach- skeletal muscles (PNS)- cardiac muscles- brain - learning and sleep

Synthesis- Choline and Acetate don’t bind

- ChAT- AchE

- & presyn buton- choline is recycled

Two types of Ach receptors- Nicotinic receptor - ionotropic

- muscle receptors- Muscarinic - metabotropic

- more in CNS than nicotinic

Alcohol- affects cell membranes (oldest idea)- glutamate (NMDA) and AMPA (Na+ block)- GABA - agonist- Ach - antagonist in CNS (inhibits release)- Dopamine - VTA-NA activity (GABA link?)

- inhibition of inhibition?