[An Account of Four Books]

[An Account of Four Books]Traité De l'Organe de l'Ovie par Mons Du Verney by Du Verney; An Account of Two Lettersof Mr. Perault, and Mr. Mariotte, concerning Vision by Mr. Perault; Mr. Mariotte; HistoriaNaturalis Helvetiae Curiosa by Joh. Jacobo Wagnero; Johannis Jacobi Zimmermanni Cometo-scopia: Or three Astronomical Relations concerning the Comets that have been seen in theyears 1680, 1681, 1682 by Johannis Jacobi ZimmermanniPhilosophical Transactions (1683-1775), Vol. 13 (1683), pp. 259-274Published by: The Royal SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/102245 .

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Philosophical Transactions

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*

( 2,9)

traittX' t)e - I' Organe di lJ 0^7ie par MGns * DU VerneyX 8>@ X Paris X 633 #

THat you nlay know w to expect f; om Monfr Dzz brer- s ney'S Crea.ife cJf the organ of Hearing, the F7irR thing zo be corifidere d is, the Natural,and therefore the Bfcftvmc- chodhe harlraken in it. TheBook isdivided into thret

parts, the Wrll of vv llich conrains his vqnatomzcal l)Jct,ve rzes of the Rl ucture ok the ()r¢tan it felf; The Second part glves als r!le uSeofall che parts of that Organs grounded upon the Mechant7tm of the whole , 1 01e Third and laCc part conraineth tlle D-Zfeafes incident to this Or,4sn , with a full deScriprion of the feveral cauSes which diEaffect it and the manner they Act by) together with particular J<e- medzew for cach D/temper.

The Ear is firft divided into the External and the rnter- nal: the External is compofed ofa Cartollage covered ssith a Skin tery delicateX under which you meet with anothevX Nervous tegument, that immediately emblaces the whole srtilage, whicllafcer folnefew folds terminares in that part of the Ear which we call the concA)a z from ies reSem klance eo the entrance of a fnail-[hel : befides theSe it hatil twoMicles; the FirRismade upofcertaincalereous f-gbreS fixtto that part ofthe Pericrantam that covers the "nufcx2^ lous Crotaphytew , and defcends in a itraight line to infert ir fer at the uppvr part of the fecond folding of the Er : the Second likewife confiIls of five or tix carneo2zs f ibres L0lAt take their rife from the upper and foremGIt part cf the A- ophyrs MaJtoztfes , and defcending obliquely tfor aboact An xnch eerminate ar the middle ofthe Canvlv4* vrteries it llath

h.j.



( 2fo)

fi-om the Carotitl s one branch of whicl] paELeth behind, ancS vlle orller htfore ) and-the diftt-ibution ()f tileSw is attended by Veins from tllW exrernal 3Z¢,zZ!r.

1 llz Ilole of whe l czr is a tzzbe retnctsin+, frot:n rhe CoHcAvs totllc L)rlzm aIlelcolltIispartlyotaC'artzla^>e) andplletly of a Bo7le.tile Sxin tilat covers 3t iS furnill}ed witla dn inSsite numbc-1- o f (llczn.tlales of ct YtllOWin] colour ) eacll of A nich Illath its 1 zz&e os)enirg l liro the cavity o; the lr,llnd Wend irig forth rilar yell<)s giewy fubStance whicEa is eo ttiniariTy fol jna vilere at tt-it enc! of this paBt, is feacefl the Aican_ trrvsc cdil> tllev L)r4and is alrslolt round, dry, thin) and tlanfr,axenr ) anu is incseaSed in achannelctAt in rhca lvone ar t:e end (f tilat rl-ute. f8-\ftel t5lis li/I(mbrle pucce-eeis a cax ity whicll 'ne clls the BAY[iX from tlaW likenefs At nath to the l,arrelof a 1);Z8t7z) bf ing 011 t2 fiJ{WS encotnpltitJl by tlle t0tlfo 5 clofed before by that .OlenllDrane, and hcnind tJy vile fulfce ot theCs PfitroJ?lna. Tllis Bvzrcl otthel)rum contains in it fve forts of lhings remarl.al!eviS lWo C/J44SelS ) Two pertures) Fou^- E^JNeJrv three 33!4u/clero and OrPe hrn*wal} of the lA7erve. rhe (,hanncl tll;st tyoes frotn the Lssz t ) the- Isa*!ate hz calls t'.tc iqqzetlud, anu (leniesit to hwve any Yctites to hindi the pll,2 of dny tialrl:, from thn lar,

rale ./JJ/eRrtERES 3 O} ADV/iRZ{I}.VI are feituared in tlle S?>.,>fXrf- (z;J^ ( f Ihe Os l strofam opp){lteM to tllc lArglm; t!ge hintscRt is ttle tz.a/[A'zl'm,in the t)OttOnl of wlsich is u Emall edg on W{3iC0I I;ll^* b';Jis of tlle: Jnctls reLts ; tht cther which is cailed the }<eJ1z7zzl C['Z(itxra 11as a i;mill ClaunXei in which is fict a very 1ic, dry, . ud cllaphanous Mc7rl6f ane .ikc that of the LrUzn.

The Wr(t c)t tl;; bontt is thega.'iel4s, rhe lerlgtt] of svhic.a is commen]s abollt F ou1 liL c^ or Four of 1 we1 ve r,arts cf<xl tnchfthu D arrle c of tlis bs >adtli is tEle Third cf tslc-notSl j rlleS¢cozldestise i7zcs,, tl.elsns,ftot'whoCe

'egs is jof ned to aise Stapes by the mtfiation of ti,e I:cartl bot3{ 4

tf- tr.e Three ^7<uic!es which are conainecA sn this Ca?i- ty



( 2Gf J ty, two belong to the ]!Ialle?4IX t}we TIlild to thec 5>apes; laltly, the branch of theNerve whichpa{gesbellinc{tlle Dram has been takerl by fome for the 'rendon of r11e MuJcle of the M4llevs , is a branch of the Fifth pair.

The Two hEindoms open into a cavity which is Ilewn in the uS Ivetrofum and called ti-e Labyrinth, dividecl likewiGe into rhree parcs viz. tlle .Lnter) oftlle Labgrinth: the- rllkee Semi circular Cansls, 3nd the snailJbel

The entty of tlle Lv6yrintA) ic Eltuarf l luellinc the Cval [Yindom and hath Nine ape rtures) v,. the c)val one an(l Eighrmore, t1we Firlt of v3zichleadsi;uto tlcupperpalt of the Snail-Jhel, Flive bejlorlg ro tlle Semi- circaldr 6BnBls 3 and the tsvo lall tranfimit two branclles of lIsc foErer pOI- tiorl of the 4vdztory lferve &c.

Tlleimplanted air he takes ro be t'llat contdind within the above mentioned T/zozdonos ) wlaicil being borIl clc rccJ, the one by the b<fe of vlle Stv/yes , the other Ty a lucgbrasoe of its own , do fufficiently forbid a ny int>rcourft 5CtWttIl that and the external air, and diScourfing of the lVervc w7hich paIles along the l IaJcalus XaJ/oides and rhe larotids to the Ear, he deduces it fiom the fecond pdir of tlle lzerte- brallVerves whichJhe fays,Dr.Wgg brzngsfroz71 t1RP ^Xle forR.

The diSerences o f tl-lis organ in rlle Fgtzls as e tl<at the bony part of tbe entrance to the Eal is notiling b lr an hard Membrane, thae {I1CIe is a ring whch Serves for a frame to the Tyn7panam feparable trom tlae (vI'Lempo rvrn) tho afterwards 1luited to ic, and thdt wllile rhe Intvsis yet in the womb) rlle'fysspv7Z>m is coseled svitl all,ucilagenous matter) >!hich aftel-ward l)<idens inroa ^blembrtzzle, tllough av lenh it torally dilappears Sc

the Smnll-bonewJ the LsbyrintAsth e CXat.alsX t Ile .StIai!Jhel, and otl?er inte} nal parrS have the llme Eii^,ure, and to ap- pearance t11e tme bulk in Infants ss-1< rlley iz.ve in Men, and all {hat aears contlibll.e to them is StiCn,th ctud Solir divy. []avFing given an exa& deCcript;on cf ti-le palts

of the Ear) he tol losvs i r ith the urC of clleft p< t ts.

Mm TEAcs



f 262 ) The external Ear colleds the roundsj and aubments the

impreffilon by the variaus refledtions the voice undergoes in its pafEage througll the folds of it, wI he uSe oftbe MuJ<cles 11e acknovleges to be obrcure , though he gueXes their adion may be to contradt, or dilate the Cancha as the trem- b]ings ofthe Sir ale tirong) or weak.

Xn tlleInteInal Ear) tSle 'lympazlam is hretched and made flack agaill ) by the muCcles of the Malleus , in the tenfion of ir both tlae llv:zfcles adt, bue in the relaxation onely the external , whoSe adtion it iS t0 reduce it fronl aConcave to

alvlaiTs, all which is manifeft froln tbe infertionofthe M?v%eles: the determinatioll of which aFtion he deduces , £1otfrom [!le>JillX but froln the various dirpo6tions,and appulSe of the objects, as a iharp note is cauSed by a body *shoft parts are fo diEpolEd as to be capable of very quick Vibration¢) which they asfuddainlyinlpreSs onthehir; vn the c(jntraty: the Hat note proceeds from theJlomer Strosts of a body Witll prt5 that can onely be fo agirated, to which d.Ferences the l^7mpanum readily complies, and does as it were put on their particular CharaHer , this is ,::!elivered hence to rhe Mallez) and fo forvvard, till at latt

the famefluduation is cauSed in tlleu 0s I'etroJ<umXand in the Labyrgnth

Tloe a4quiduS *erveschiefly for tlle ingreSs andegreEs of Aira t0 and from the Cavity into which it opens) ancl nor tofupplytlaedefeEt oftheTympanam; hich lle rgues from a deaf mans hearin:, tlae Found of an InJtr?ment, then) and then onely when he holds the Nect of it besA etn his Teetb.

The immediate Organ of hearing he perfwades to bfi the three sem-czrcular Canals, they being found in all S- 7Zzmals and in fome ontly they; as in Birds^, and FHJhes.

From the Comnunication of the harder portion of the Suditory Nerve with the branches of the fifth Pair, sYhich are diltrlbuted to theOrganw of rheVoace, proceeds that

Sym-



( 263 D

Sympathy betweea Epeakiag anal heal lng; from rtle Com- mlJnication of other Nerves follow tile Motions of rhe Boaty, and even of the SPgritsr whictn often acconlpany rhe Sounus we hear as in the effe&s of ZSct

After the explication of the StruAure and uGe of the Or gan, follow the Difea0es incident to itv where he obIervx the method he beXre made uSe of, and atl1gns DfeaJes to the parxicular parts in the older they ly^) 35 ellat the ex- terna-l ear is SalbjeEt moPc of all to a Pain whicil commonly feizes alle conch4, and the whole Vuctus even to the very Sympanum , and is attended wirll Punffion, EroJzon) Ien8 fion, a feace of Weaght and Pulfatin?s, each of which Symp- tomsbeexplalnsapatt, afEerlingPainit Sc-lfto betheeft fe& oftlle Soltion of the Cosstinaity of its parts a atid > har Foever can procure the one} muft nece{Earily produce the other.

The Fecond Diftemper is the Infyltzmatzo*z ff 11e Vu#Z6S. caufied eitller by the obAl u&ion of the Glandzbles) the Scrz- mo71y of the Hu7Sours or fometinzes by Wormes ) which are either generated there Equivocally, or more probably hatched our of Egs of I?2JecSs , whicll flying about ia the air in vaR nu mbers may not unlikely lay them in rhe Ear.

The third DzJeafe of tilis part is its obJ/racZiots, pIoceed- log from differerlt cauSPs J as from bodies accidentallsj golten into st} from the abundance and petrifyillg of the from a praternaturalMembranecarneous ExcreJecenaes} or fwelling of the Glandules.

rhe diResnpels of the Dram are its Iilaccid4efsJits gro. - ino CallousX too great IengIon) and bseakings thofeofthe inrernal EararetheCaritr of tlle bones and zZzfamn2ation

ofthe Membranew; The Nerve is likew?iSe {ubjeEl: toOb JtraZionv or comtreRzon. LaR of a11 he diCcourSes cf the no?'e in the Evr svhich is a vSymptome attending moR of the OiSeaSes of ir. TIle caJes he brings for t11e con6rmation of all tlats , as likeWiSe the remediew may be fil a fee:n in ttle

?W-

A1 m^}



( 2dA ) Sz4thot . This Dodrine is all along illuRrated wiril ];+rew of the parts in Iixteen large Ta61ewJ in which- each part is re- prefented larger than in nature it ls ) fol the clearer per- ceptionoftt, asalfoofits connexion with) and relation to the otherparts t tze hath gLven as a new draught of ahe BaCr of rhe Brain) which he expoSes more to view by cut- tingo£thehinderLobes, and foplaceingtheBrazn<j and Cerebellum in the fame plain which he looks upon to be ab- folutely neceSary f)r a vrue prolrped; of rhe edallv o610n- Xugta, and the Origtae of all the Nerves which proceed from 1t. , '



* - # * -aF*wt-* -w-

SaX Jccoxntef clwo Lettet s ef afrs fneo

rault} andMr Mariotte soncCrS[Sg

Vifon . SPrntedat [a-ris 168zX

THe (:)ccaSon of thefe Two letters} was an (:)bfervation ^ of Mr Mariottes ) that any ObyeS is noc fieen sa n the

Species light upon the BaNs of the Ol)tgc lXTerve The Exr perimerlt UpOll which ir is grounded is this: take a piPce

of whive paper of Six Inches Dzameter} and faA [ten ir upon a dark coloured Wrall X thac it may be leveHl vzitll youl Eyeakeanotherfmallpieceoffaperand place it towards your Left hand ) at Two Foot di0ance fiom rhe fUrner but abollt Two nches hlgheron ttle Wall: if you tl1cik remove vo the diIlance Qf t ight or N;ne feer ) and clofe the lefc Bye) fixing the Riglit upon tlaefIllaller piece orp<° perX the Larger paper svill quive dilLppear.

1t ls nor at all doubred but the Ima;e wbich iould appnar falls juR upon the svfe of rl1e Optic Nerve X it is alfo cFr

tain tha2 tlle tnna is ro be tound sn thar place X bur tlre Choroidrsot ; ssrkich giYeS a Yery fair fuQition ro Mr. ta1a- rzatte, that the chorcide is the geat of ViAnX and not the Ae- tan.

TheNovelbofthis0tiffion hathfound many 0tpoferw) andamong the reIt MoxJ2evrPerv25 whoCe 4rgurvents in the Exft Letrers are in ort reduced vo Three Heads.

If the whoroide were the feat of VENon, irs fundrion

wollld be hindred by Ihe branches of glood Melpels lying in the 0,etzna,

; The Choroide ShQBld aot be rugged aad unequal ; nor hard



< 266 ) hard and thict; ; nor haare a nimy or dirtinPEs upon ib to hinder the Impre<on of lIght nor wallt a Communication with the (7ptzct Nterve

3. lf thewantof M/ion irl the foregoing Experiment maybefalved by any of the wo proSable reafons here off7ered; then there is lwo need of ditcharging the ltetzna.

To the Firlt of theCe Mr otte anSwers ; That there are defedrs in Vifon cauSed by the Blood Xels in the Qetz- na fand he proves it by a remalkable as well as new Expe- riment) but theCe defects are nor fenf1ble when welook vith both Eyes ; for there are tlo MW1s that Iye 1b near the Sxz Optzcm as to hinder a direct view; and in an Ob lique, one Eye helps the other : it being difficult that the tayw thould S11 on a like Plane in each Eye. Again theSe lKeJ0els that are neareft the Ssis optiG8s) are no bigger than aHvir, or thev4otb part of an Injch; and beinginthe furface ofthe tettna, areat fome diftance frcom- the choroide 2 fo as to let X,ays enough pafs under, for the di ltingllilhilag o f (abjeAs nct very Emalql. Tbe Kefels alfo that carry tile bSood areclear and Pe#azdX c^nGng a lt,ion that is belpful to FZYon

Hre alSo may enter fome general conEderations as that the ialpreiMlon of a luminous ObjeS remains fiometime in the Organ # tllat Come Fzbres being Frongl y movedJ others near them are alCo tn motion : that the eew are always in xnotion, and Tery hard to be fixt tn one- place, tho it weve d6red

To the Second head he anEwers, That the concaarity of the C2varozd canalor bv very rugt,ed; sfor llpon t he diS- fedring an Eye, and rernoveing the 7,,ett7ta t the filrfice of the Choroade hos reflDded an tDbjeci as dlRindEly as a con- cave Spec?slansv That chereiapjpears no;fZyla or dirtinefs ) till the olltwa*d Cv>le be bPoke aild then theCar>an is diSO.detd. As for thW thicknefs of itX he fays he Ends it in a man but as a Shect of Paper3 or the Pza MaZ

ter inthe brain. That the Blood FZe*els are weaved to_ gether



( 267 ) gether with the Nertew upon which Account tllere may beas true atence of Light in them as there is of leain in -the hand (vhlcsh is alSo full of t-lood ZMel; 1 *s-hien itispricktwiththepoint of a Ntedle: and perhaps tlie prefen¢e of breins and Jrterzes in a metnber, is abfotutely necehry to fenfibillty. a he blackneSs tt the Cborogie may make itS niceneEs of fence, as we fee Paper lulackt cafitll fies. He fays the Choroide does coulmunicate wirll the Opzict 'erve; by which Nerve he does not underIland the SMarrom, or innerparr of itJ whith is infentible; but the Menlbrane t being parr of the lvia mater) which incolmpalEes it, and is tbe erue OrXan offence nor only in the ECe) but alfo in the Ear : vl<ereas the Marrow of -the Aterves contain only fp1rits and liqawour uteful vo movionv

To the Third head ) sthere M r. Perst41t gives rea fons why thexe is no Vifion upon the Bafe of llle optict Nerve, at frS fuppofJag that Alifion is to be made on a Em>oth filrfice, the Optict Nerve which is -a bundle of Fibres is not fmoothe'd ar its firlt entring the Ri,etnaJ but afrer wards when the Fi6res are dilSolvcd) and fpread into a Coa ta aswhen Rags alemadeinto Paper.

Here Mr. Marzotte f lf lrighrly comprehend him) de- nyes the R>etzna' confi{tlng of Fibres s affirming itto hasie nothing but a MucoufneEs svilh fome Veins and 24>teries. But it I aln not mlfiaken (in an Experiment of L)r.Bri,gw's,

a Rv,etzna put into a C;laSs of fiir \Nrater, and drasvn about under Water, both-for tlle Expanding and Magnifying it, appeared plainly to have afibrous textureJ like thatofa

. .

plece t: : rery flne Lawns In the becond place, ltonst l'era&lt fuppoSes that the

Choroide being pierced by the optick Nirve, there may come a light rhrv the pa*;ts of the Eye, the back way. in to the OptictWNerve, which would Epoyl the fenfe of another Jight coming thro the Puptl.

But tnis Mr. Mariotte ill by no meags agree tOQ.

J* l *

Ht torza



( 268)

Hi/Roria Nvrxral;ts He}vet;t CurioJ2} >4etkQre yoh, Jacobo Wagtzero M. D vrtiX

fr:lGe Author profeXes that he undertook to wrlte the s Nvtgral Hy of Smzaterland upon the [-nvitation of

nyLord B4con, and witll an Intentiion thereby to pro mote a true E6beraWme1atalPhalofilphy.

He d ivides his Boot into Seven Se2zons, In tEle F8irft he lays doYvn the Antient and IModern LitzlIxs of Helvetia ) to gether wixh:the general quallties of {ttle Soit.

la whe Second -h-e fpeaks generally of the name of the 41psXand their heightdiff¢rcnce offeafons and fruitfulnefsf of Ice lemaining intire Two or Three Hundred years) in wSlich totne or the Cracks have been obIcrved to be three or four Elundted Ells deep, of the Cold of the tabin) or Heaps of sS07 roIling offabe Mot4ntains, and bearing doz7n IYOGHJ and [tallages * of GavernsX Glottest and great Re- ceptacles of 91aters ) of the fall ofthe Eaxtll or part of tlle Mountains doing often great miSchIef.

In the Third concerning 4terwhe enumerates the Lates t?X>Z:, catai+aSs, B4tXJI hotandcold, MedicinalWateXs to dsiink, .Salt ancl Bitu;W3inous Spzings, Petrifying waterss { * * r X * . * * r ^ rprongs rlllng ana lntel"mllTtIng ut certaln 1CalonsNvaters cauSing a fweiltng ander the throat, miracu]ous or fabuZ lOUS %*attI SJ a-nlong w-hicll he fpeaks particularly of the Lake of rilat-e Sid by Thil ty Five feveral Wl iters tO Cc:re Tempefts, lain, tt hunder &c lf any thing lvere cRi} into

it; bur the Sathor fi oXn lis own experience refutes this E*rol X and afu es us tllt he fouad it a Ybry tame Pz4ddle ) not delervinO ro be ca!!ed a t0e,

In



( 269) In the Foul th; He creats-of Livit)g Creattlres firlt of

the Mcn and their Site at prtfent (tho he mentions the Bones fornerly follnd of fuppoted G?ats) of their Cou- rage and Strength, of theirsLont,tvity , ProllEcknefs and tngenuity * Oftheir Coww and rlle Advantages they hanZe from thc. of the Hair^Balls, founcl intlletu, t.hereof the Author took feven out of one Stotnack ; ofthe Spleen of axx Ox) weigl ing Thirty pound The other Beafls more peculiar to the place are large Staggs, Bears,VVoixres Wild Caes, Beavers, Linx s, I9Iarmots, Maietrees, White Hares) White Squirils) White Motess White vV1eaSeTs, tlle Roe.buck, the Ibex, the Rupicapra in svhich aIe found the Balts called Gems-&ugels. BeGdes theJe rh le are fometimes Mo/chelaphi generated of a Stag and a C8owZ and Hippotagri generated of a Bull and a M^re.

Of their Birds the chief are the Ytllontr a-nd Black Eagles, the Vultur, the Hawk) the Falcon, t}ze wild Duc k. feveral forts of wild Geefe, the Pelicall) theCock ofthe wood, the Wood-Pecker , the Red-legPartridge, tle Ring Ou->,el, the Blttern, the GrouSe, the Horn OwI, the Waven) Pyrrhocorax9Merula Torqllata, Lagopus a svhite Bird as big as a large Pidgeon, having the legs feather'ds &c.

The FiJhes (tho not communicating witll the (Sea in 50o milesJ are Salmon, Barble, rrouc, Carp, Percll, Guiniad, sLamprey, Lamperll. Muller, Eelpour,anclthegreatettef allStheSiluruss, &c.

The CrefJh are fome ofthem redZ when they are rawtJ and fome Azure coloured, fome of tllem are not red after boylingvthey axe vaken notice of to have three teeth in the *Stomack, and the Males to have a double Penis.

-All-seag the InJeSSs are deXctlbeel the AduJca v9!qaatilis Jtiva wnajor of Mozzfet. Along fiy with retl Wings and tlae carabus} there are alSo menvioned three Corts of Locllllss the 5ipaniihflyXtheEvechurZ the Oyl Beetle. the Cert!us FolansX a fort of Scorpionsz not poitono}us annl witl-wout

N n lâilJ



( 27c3 ) Jrail , ehe Pitao camPi, and Satw Worms.-

SerPent there are, no doubt, but the Author ca46 pains to prot e the exiRence of DragonsJ with Fect, and E ithout 3ieer, SVing'd, and >itllout Wings, as big as a May-pole, bt the rNuthorities are either old Hiliorles, or Storits at ulle fecond hand, with few CircllmRances.

In the Fittll SeSgas he fpealis ot the- Trees &c -As the whitealld red Fir-tree (fromthecolour of tileir Bark) thefe are clze sno{l natural vo vlle Soil, oneof ehichhe fays grew to tlle heighth of I60 fetts and 24 fweet in the Circumference, the Ptnz£Jter,the Pintws MontantzterJtea, C.B the Larch tree, out of *rhicil comes the Veenice Turpenttne and upon the TrUIICk whel eof grovs the iqgarict

Here is filb joylled an Alphet)etical Catalogue of the of tlle chief of rile Sltine Plants, wl icll are gr.owingin itIozltefrv&Zo,anil otherplaces.

The Sixth Si01 is concertlingfoRile-s where there is a large Caxalogue of tlle leJs pl erious Stones) bu t among the Stones of value are r ectiorzed the AmethillX the Carbuncle, Criflal,hicll is denied to be made out of Ice or solorv

ln enumerating vlle L1/JKZzs Natarue irsi¢ft doubtful whs ther tlle Square Ctone Oice found about Bs/szz al e rsatul al or not. I-Sut the natu ral >U'rl]J faid to bW fu lid ncer Ges eva dn(t orher plac s, are) pOfirively a{4iltilled tO 11.Rve been taken up full cf Bosew and XJXJes.

Amo ng C01zCretetl 1?lZces is l eckon (l sslt/v?lr [tivam- and Jl'oreS s!>lf /JUrZJ NfitZvG found ar 11> BszZvs, and a trlle N'itre

talien fron] the DXcodrion of the founain of scoly or Sczll-

tZ?ZZ .

Golden S4tldss are found in the Rivea tAviwze. ttne Enanta S t'ztezla, ZJrfa, iqrolv. and Sdzlla, Minos of Silver have been dircovered in feveral places, but the digbingthem has not turlsed to profit. There 3.re alfo Milles o4 Led and gopper but not fo p'entiful as choSe of Irsst and steelf lrho $11ips do notuSe to appeilr under this head,yet tlae All- tJ+ar llere r--llres the tall ous ctOly of a Ship found I 50

Oot



( 7t )

foot under grounel, neer Bern. in the Year 1460, about thts there harre been many con jetRuresy pasticularlyX one ofMoretuw, ttiat the lakes At- ththQsoffTteraiRtters might formerly have been joyned eogetier; fo as to make tle way Navigable between Geneva) Bern, andConi/nces bilt this the Author wontbelieve

The 1aiSt SeSiw ;s ibout M8tors, mrhere is meritioa d amngeRer things Ilrange thuxder and Lightning hapning 1+n the Wznter time, as well as the Sgmmer, and doing sxuch hurts as alX HarhcJnes< raifiag up the water of fome lakes likea ̂ gt into the Cloxds, and fometlmes pouring it (lown again at a d10ance upon the-Iand.

N n 2 Johannis-



( t7°)

I1II Johalznis iacobi zituln-ermatlrii Conleto-fcopia: Orthree XyZronomiS

c/ Relvaions conserning tbe Comets

that hvfe been jeen in the years I680,

168r, I68O, tgntedatStutgardin+° Atlno 1682*

T H E Jathor of theSe Deyrcriptiotv divideth evety 0,eJ Ic;tion into threeparts; ElRanltiItorical Accotlnt;

when and how the Comers appear'dJ and in what manner lse olulErv7d tllelll . secondly an v§J?ronomicalCalcslation of tlleir places an(l molions; andthirdlyanXJIrowrheologi sal Progrol?ctof their ,0fiegsk Concerning the firft Comet

which Wa5 Seen AO I 680} he {ays it waS ob6erved by him felf no Sooner then tlle tu-enty third of November) at St. V. at Five a Clock in the Morning, tho others prerend tc llave Seen ir eight days before : nor couldl he obferve it longer then the rventy fifth or twenty fixth of November, by reaSon that its motion *vas towads the S?/tl, and laaving ta1wen its diltance fronl fiomefixrStars, hefoundbyEri- gonometrical 0,ales rlzaxltsplacewas thenin 80 8fofScorpilwX with fiouth Latitude of zo 3 I . AlSo by Some other feb Jervatisas communicaved tO him) the (omet was the EJx- teenth of ArvemDcr in 1s degree of Lzbra latitUGe ^ clegrets

A?jZral From wherlce by 1le A na! ogy of its lL)urnal alo-

tioza c)f five de greesX iz Shtllld have bccn rhe fourteenth of sevember a little abore the JeaA Star in tlleleft Wing of Eargo, as the fixlt vermorplaceofitsAppearance The

l'rotzoJti. k



t;71 ) tro,gnoRict thich he gitesa is groended upon the Valgar Suppofition chat Cotnets ate Signs ef fiuch miSchiefs and mileries, as happ f n to men iafrer a dt tlXolere and lrret,ular ltfe. and upon 1R1s g owlnd t;tX bfIeverh that the tilton

lhewn vo the lxrtivet Jcteminb Cha?. J . rel{e UI t0 the I3

WdS norhingelCe but the ligllt of tl (4tet; An¢{ t-holltJh gas he faith)he doll lloz like ttle common sifir; ;log ica hz4£J,17Zsg Parle f fo be calls ir) ffi here accoreling eo the llivCloXl of the beaxren- In cvvelve loZzfes, and the L)iftriburion of the youznt1ieI to the Signs ofthe t#Zact, tJ1e vuperititious irorttine-ellers do progtzo/ticate -llilngss u llich have no rea {m nSor grounds neicher in nature or experience, yt it feems he cannot forbe;r himSelf to make uSeofthefame IriMl¢S. when he flys thar -Zar,go-bt;sr,gaSip,nofsterilzty) lzbrs a Segnof ZuJtilre and l)eatl9) Scorpzo an JlotlSeof M4tw and Sign of l'oyfons, the Cz7et mufit fignify War, Fanzine, Sickners, or a great i'Jagee. As for theNaturalcauCcof this Comet) he thinks, tllav in ^the {'ltntj manner7 as the great CotaygnSion of llanct! ins Sv<tztari?ws did produce a Conzet in oheyearx663. Soby a- new C.onjanGionofSol.,.Zentg, Md cury and Lana in the fame Sin, and in oppofition to fzp.iter the lfke leEE mighr be taken notice of

Th ftond Camet as fome ,>,Jtronomers do b;lieve or rather the firfi 0 Coîet only conttnued in thw famv motion fas the AiwtA70r thenles) clid uppear again Sexrenveen days afrer. that is th<R-sX I.)ecember t68c) bur Illore clear and evidently the st of !))ês thetl the Afazttor by- hist)rt/^totonium (arl

ellsumen-t tna {e ofi gzd firone «* ood) bvhofe thi*z4I was

5f ^ f§<3t {Ohg) fobfel*ved ftv alang (lass the dRance of the tomet fir Xvetal .Stgaris and ioufnd by Calcglafion irs Lolu- gitede and 1v3.t.itufJe) faccobfding aS he pfuts ftlzem down in tleifTable Fta*, t. The lait risne he made his Obfertation wa-s the trl;:;rtietb i yazlllary 1o tlztt tlle Comet, . taking all K§ dura-tion rotether, dict 1aR about 82 or84days: and confiderJva its motion in z-hiCh it p sll thro alrnoIt nine Stgns of the kdi¢t. itS AnglP of lnclnazioo to theEclit-

ttet,



( o74 ) twvt snf ttle O¢ox hilSg ap,xaiancedtd £>or cx¢¢i three t de gwees, 'out ill #P4Zifiotze geIlS?tz44) t:le ^flZ>le tgs ebow 728 a nd *almoft 3t) 4t8t tt5r 1 tS- N#fl#S A2Qralzewas accord ing vo the tomsl Vlulel vueion in 8 deglees of Dbrv) but afterwards its tvovAvs ^'6tt1lS in 18° I9t .S>agittbry, and by this rcalon and irs lAearxctl moti0rx, tlae C07net pa(Xed by the san) in a tliftilnce of II degt¢Cs-; jult whetltlleIholtcft d.ly was in tle year: its eroSteJ]tobcing ErA -fiosvibutfaom tlle S#?z much increaled andfwlfttr. Collcerlling tlle r/e-

ory or figul e ttild llne of XtS nI-ottoN-+ le I tirll, thar neither an Arc/wof a gtedt, nor lelSercircle) norallrtliclineelilldo tlae btltinels; tDut satller a certain croolVecl line ttlrned after a11 tw/ltcEzsst lilie 4 LserpeCtXwllich ntAver yet was lzE.own

in any orlaer C()rzlel; or it nlW(t be lûppoCe!, tilat twodif- ferelle Co?netw Sla-Ve -appearedy one in tl<e Mornings and a- nother in the EreningJas Mr. C^;/Mini doall concluc1e,tllo he Auther himicAlf is perlswsded by the Atlalo,gy ot the ngaziov, q7z0ad Iqans,zit?zdizlem, that <3tlly one and no more appeaI ed at tllAt time; its Lail being iiltIveMv;rningdirededto warals the blzrelZ.buc in the Evening to tlle EaJt. AIfo the feventeenth of Decegter its 'l ail feemed to be dividecl lato two ptil t<) {rom ahe bottom ;to tlle top, by cl blzsst//roat palElng througll the midtlle. Tlle length being fiomeimes of sixtsr, a-nd vhe bl edth of four degrees. Abotlt the fub- fiance aDd original cauIe.ofComets, he hath no mind to fay any thing) as being doubtful what they truelyare, the difipure .of tlleir l'arallax not beingyet fully decided, and fo of their matter wisetiler Sthereal or Elementar ) th} 2a,ev,/tion not refolared. But to thot ehe agreement of this Conlet wiTll others thar have heen obServed, he hath comt pofedaconvenient lable) containinga LiJ!of all Cometts that ever have been defcribed byHi/!oriansand AJ/rono wnerw, putti g aoNvn firhv tlle year bufore orafterChrzJ? whexl they have appared. v. The Place Or C>ountry >7h re th y have bejen leen 3. TheAzzthors which havc

ue Illenrion of them.. 4. The 7X0nth or timeof the year when



( 2-75) when thQy did rkarict S+* Thetimrof tt@ daywle- ther in the Evesgg or Mo;ning. 6J The narue aM Shape of the Co?Nets. 7. Tbe KSitllarion or to which parr of the Horgzo7a th ir motlon dicl ploceal R. Trsl-tt svhole Jrc/> or Qantity of 1)eXreeso- wi1>ch thew dod>tun4£hrougi- Q*r i. srant of thao, tho Sign of ul>t^@dir4*c>>swhih tiley have a rellrion. c. The 7uEumbrr or Qa+tIw sSAys wh.ict'3 they dld l4Jt. - io -6 he lleX,re r of t*)t.r IwitteLt motZon. lI 1 11C>)*egreewof the lengtzoftheir [S1. -1z. ThP diledion of their ']a2'1f, to any partoftheAbleaven And 3. 1^}1e Effed;ts mlSc];efss and [trange aecicJents that havf^ ha}neel after tllti r Sp/)earaHce. A tnong theSe fotlle havc leen ob[>rved in the 1hape of Ille Sun, lome of the Moon, ar.d Zenus) foaletimes there 11ave lzpen three or four CometI togethel*) as in tlleJ year 843 and s 529 Ac. So th<at tile tUlz4hi6er of a,l in tEmtfpareaf-4¢ns years does a- mount to 370 Cometw. Towsn1cla no^r mutl bC joyned a nother o^ tI1e tilii-d Comet that was feen in tile year X 6 S z in the month o f AtYg?bJt: ] he Juthor m;nde his fi r(t ObJerva tion rhe ,;79 day, t'nougZl at N?>remberg 1 t was diScoTt7ered the *1s4 ItS place was found the ;'-99 a-t np¢ht a quarter afte-r one tobein I1t29t lve0tlyisn witFI North Latitude 0t24,° 15',

its Bail beino almoft f8a, tetn degtees longt its HeadJlike a S;tar ofthe fi. It- Maornirnde,- rhe s*gleofIolvlination to the EC/?)>zZ&t 0i + -t degrees. Its motion was z11e fwifeS zn li- mzle mvxgmGv lWoreo, X rhal every day it went forgla?*ds feven c!egteesl tkZe tvzt azd t-eead hd alSo the greareIl b^?igntnFfs av ttlat titlle. From whence theMotzon, 7Cail and Lzght feemed to decrc-aSe proportiOnd]ly) t jll tF1t 1lt rif Sitember winich was th>- laft day it COUlc] be feen by the Author, having run ove1 94 ctegres in twenty fourdays. The line of l)irt22ia1z was in Oppof tion to the (51Yn as ufual- ly it is in (smcvts. The l'rogno0Zicatzons W hich afcer tlle DefcrIprion ofthe fecond and this third CometJ tE1e Author hath added, are upon Ihe fdm<> groun s as the form.er, klrawn OUt of tlle Na.sufW oL ieR fogltlLGcal SDns and Ima-

£es)



( f74) ges, thatcotnnmottly aw to been ta the Cele/Ziiatclobes. He explains this among otther 2se/!iAnJ) wPtether Cot7sets if they be Sntral Bodget trhat have their regular mations like otherpstars7 (ro thatthetlmeef theirappearancemay b-e predidtedJ yet theirJ*gr#v4tion and;infB8ence may noz faave thc fame force as it they were £bre-extraordinary pro- dudrs of Nature; and he concludeth that thEy may ferve likean XClarmin a Ctoct rrork>, to fltit up the worldta a betw tercontemplation ofSeaven.

OXFORDX

Printed by J EO NS 0,D L I CHFIE L D s Printer to the llniverfityX and are to he fold by Hen. ers,

at the Sign of the Bible in W Ha#} and .Sam, Smtth at the Prinaes-Srnasir

5h Pauls Charchyard $ 683*



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