An Account of Two BooksDe Viscerum Structura Exercitatio Anatomica Marcelli Malpighii by Marcelli Malpighii;Ephemerites Mediceorum Syderum, ex Hypothcfibus &Tabulis by Joh. Dom. CassiniPhilosophical Transactions (1665-1678), Vol. 3 (1668), pp. 888-891Published by: The Royal SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/101328 .

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Philosophical Transactions

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lowifh wvater in it, havitng made a rou'ndiffh cavity, impreffed in that kidney:. whence fome thought it came, tha-t a little before hiis death afuppr-effion of Vrinechad befallenlhim; though others were of opinion, that h'is Vrin was fuppreffed upon the regurgi- tation of all the Serofity into the Lungs. Not the leaft appea- rance there was of any stony matter either in the Kidneys or Bladder. His Bowels were alf'o found, a little whitifh wvithout, His Spleen very little, hardly equalling the bignefs of one Kid- ney.a In fhorrt all h'is 'inwa-rd- parts appear'd fo healthy, that if he hiad not changed his Dyet and Aitr,v he mighit perhiaps have lIVed a good while longer.

3.The Caufe of hsdeath was imputed chiefly to the change of Fcod and A4ir ; forafmuch as comi'ng out of a clear, thin, and. free Ailr, he came into the thick Air of Londonz, and after a con- iflant, plailn, and homely Countiy-diet, he was taken into a fplen:- did Faimil y, where he 'fed high, and drunk plentifully of the beft wines, whereupon the natural fun6tions of the parts of his body were over-charged, his, Lungs obfiruifed, and the hiabit of the whole Body quite diforder'd ; upon which there could not but Coon enfue a diff7olution. e:Adtochh

4. His Brain was found entire and ferme n thoghh haid not the ufe of his Eyes, nor much of hiis Memory, feveral years before he died; ye eha i Heainand Apprehienfion ve:1y welJ,and was able even to the hu'ndred andl thirtieth year of

A>Als Age to do any Hlusbandmans work,even fr hreihincg of Corn.

An Accoun7t ofrtwo IBooksz, I. De V I SCER ZU M SI' AU C TUlR A Exercitatio Anitc-

mnica M A RCE LL I M AL P IGHI II; Philf. &1 AMcd.

Bonon,60 ~C. Bononix i 666. in4O.

copy of this Ingenious Book was tranfrnitted by the

r~Author himfelf to the Publifher, arid ther-e being as yet ftO oth rCoies of it inEgad tleaft not among sta-

rioners, Come Account of thle Conten's thiereof will , 'is tougt not be unacceptable to the Curious, whilft eithier

n-lior of 'them be pro`cu'red out of Jtaly, or the Boo-k it feif be. repr'inted here 1* wl,ich latte I now find aetually a doing, in Ixz. by Mr. Ao4nm'artyn.

Itcnains .Dierai1S:, 0f the Liv'er ; the Exterior 4part

lowifh wvater in it, havitng made a rou'ndiffh cavity, impreffed in that kidney:. whence fome thought it came, tha-t a little before hiis death afuppr-effion of Vrinechad befallenlhim; though others were of opinion, that h'is Vrin was fuppreffed upon the regurgi- tation of all the Serofity into the Lungs. Not the leaft appea- rance there was of any stony matter either in the Kidneys or Bladder. His Bowels were alf'o found, a little whitifh wvithout, His Spleen very little, hardly equalling the bignefs of one Kid- ney.a In fhorrt all h'is 'inwa-rd- parts appear'd fo healthy, that if he hiad not changed his Dyet and Aitr,v he mighit perhiaps have lIVed a good while longer.

3.The Caufe of hsdeath was imputed chiefly to the change of Fcod and A4ir ; forafmuch as comi'ng out of a clear, thin, and. free Ailr, he came into the thick Air of Londonz, and after a con- iflant, plailn, and homely Countiy-diet, he was taken into a fplen:- did Faimil y, where he 'fed high, and drunk plentifully of the beft wines, whereupon the natural fun6tions of the parts of his body were over-charged, his, Lungs obfiruifed, and the hiabit of the whole Body quite diforder'd ; upon which there could not but Coon enfue a diff7olution. e:Adtochh

4. His Brain was found entire and ferme n thoghh haid not the ufe of his Eyes, nor much of hiis Memory, feveral years before he died; ye eha i Heainand Apprehienfion ve:1y welJ,and was able even to the hu'ndred andl thirtieth year of

A>Als Age to do any Hlusbandmans work,even fr hreihincg of Corn.

An Accoun7t ofrtwo IBooksz, I. De V I SCER ZU M SI' AU C TUlR A Exercitatio Anitc-

mnica M A RCE LL I M AL P IGHI II; Philf. &1 AMcd.

Bonon,60 ~C. Bononix i 666. in4O.

copy of this Ingenious Book was tranfrnitted by the

r~Author himfelf to the Publifher, arid ther-e being as yet ftO oth rCoies of it inEgad tleaft not among sta-

rioners, Come Account of thle Conten's thiereof will , 'is tougt not be unacceptable to the Curious, whilft eithier

n-lior of 'them be pro`cu'red out of Jtaly, or the Boo-k it feif be. repr'inted here 1* wl,ich latte I now find aetually a doing, in Ixz. by Mr. Ao4nm'artyn.

Itcnains .Dierai1S:, 0f the Liv'er ; the Exterior 4part

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pirt of the Braiin; the Kidneys ; the Spkeen ; the Polypus of the Aea4rt. ('oncerning the Liver he frfl gives a fumma- ry Account of what hath been faid of ix;3 the s relaereh what himfelf hathl obferved in that part, i'n all forts of Livingr Creatures , findling it to haive- Lobes and to be a Glan- dul of that kind, which by Anatomifts are called Conglomerate in contradi'frinaion to the conglobate i thiirdly examines (very inodefily) the reafons given by the Learned Dr.Wharten againft 'its being a Glandul ; fourthly , affigneth 'its office and LUfe,. and making it no other,. then that it feparateth the Gall , and conveighs the fame , by means of the oa biliris ito the Inteflins ; n otwithflanding all the Exceptions of De Bi'lls, Deufingius, Sylvius &C. Whereunto he fub joyns alfo the great LUfe of the GalI ( efleemned a kind of Excre ment by the Vulgyar) in peL-forming the part of a neceff'ary condiment and ferment 'in digreftion; Co that upon it's abfence, or ob- ftru6dion in the Liver, very dange-rous difeafes, and efpecially the Dropfy, muff needs enfue.

Touchiingthe Extero part of the Brain ( called by Ana tomiffs ceretri cortex) he firft inquires into the N-ature of i'ts Subftance, and finds it a congeries of Glandals, M ore confpicu- ous to be fuch in boyled than in crude Brai'ns', and moff difcern- able i'n Fifhes and Birds : Where he alledges an Obfervati- on of a Stone found in the Bra'in, which was faihbioned like the fruit of Mulberrys, conglobated and made up of many final kernels or grains, of aflh-color, proibably thus form'd by the petrified Cortex of the Brain, and Co retai'n'irg the natu- ralS hPe of th-e Glanduls thereof. Next, he folveth the argu- ments of thie above mentioned Dr. Wharton produced in his' Book De G4aisdmlis, againft that, Opinion. Fuirther, explaining the Veffels of the Brain', and thei'r Procefs, he affmis., that the whole Subflance called the Medulla of the Brailn and the After-brain, isaHa of Fibres or Veffels, which from the St'ock or Trunck of the spinal marrow, by' many Wind ings and Crinkles forme thofe Cavities and Involutions,, to be found there, and are at laff deeply implanted in the very Glanduls of th.e Brain: Whiere he teaches , that the whole Work of feparati'on and depuration i's performn'd by the in-, ward flrudure of the GlIanduls of t'he- Brain, the' Iuycc paflingz

immediatly

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(ago) :mm~iely ut of them 'Into the hollow aa~d fift:ulous fibres, to

be conveyed by a continued courfe into the fubjalcent parts to execute it's feveral offices,. as is performed by the little Tubes or Pipes of Plants : adding for the illuftration of the Origrinal of the Spinal Marrow and the Nerves, that that Mz~rowv is a Bundle of Nerves, which 'whil'ff it makes up the Brain, divides it into two parts (by the circumvolutions of which the fides of the ventricles are fornmed) and te'rminates at laft in the cortex, wherein , and, in wvhofe Glandular grains the extreme roots of thec Nerves, in the fmalleff fize, are im-, planted. Aft-er this he proceeds to the ufe, of the cortex, and is of 'opinionv, that by thefe little Gla nduls there ar-e fepara ted and collected thofe particles, which Nature has defign'd for Inflrumnentsof Senfation, and by which, whien convey'd through thfe tubulous Nerves, th-e coherent parts ai-e i~nprecgnated and fwell'd, and the Animal ma-de fenfible of the operations of feveral Objecs. Moreover he advances fome confideration of his , upon the Learn'd Dr. Willis's opinion about the Pro- ductilon of the Internal Sences by vertue of the Brains/1rutbire; and alfo upon hirs afcr-ibingl to thiofe Bodies, h3le cals firiatr4 and radiofa, a twofold texture, whereof the one afcends, the other defcends , for the perception of the impr-e1fions of Sen- iible Objects by the former., and the performnance of Motions by the latter. La/fly, he takes notice that the-famous Dr. Gli/fon hathi derived the matter of the Nervoms IThyce th-roughi the nerves int.o the Brain, from the Glax'dals of the mefente- ry ; and Fortius, from the -Mouth and intepfins; whereas, fince hie has obferved thie Maffe of the Brain m-ade up only of a.Glandular cortex, and of Fibres proc.eeding.from thence, t-ogether with'the-fanguaineous veffels, and not yet found any cavi-ties for receiving thie Chyle, and conveying it into every part o.f the Brain3 he -therefor-e conceives, that all the Nerves are produced Out of thie Brain and thie cerabellum, for thils end, thiat thiey may carry dqwn the. juice .feparated in the very Gla nduls 5 thaere wantinga- no fnuineons v&efls, ywhc bt fufficient matter may.be..furni(hlt, and the refidue of the per. colated Iuyce cai-ri'd away again.

Concerning tkkdne dies, he firft relates , what hathi been taughft of them Ihiler o ; and tb;, delivers hoth his own olfrvatio-ns abo.ut Thiem,

by

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(890) by a long uife of the Milcrofcope, -a:nd his dedu&di~s, from tfitm. TI ,affirmes, that he b-ath always ;bte'rved, thei Ki'dneys to be alfo a CVs4- Crete of fmadl Gkdls, by inje&ing through the Errulgent A rkzry bl.ack liquor. mixt with f-pirit of winie , ~nd by cu:!Urig 'the Ki/rf longways, and thien f'inding, betwixt the Rrinous X'cffls and, theill interftices, very many of fuch flandieds whichi like litle a pph s are a-p- pendant to the Sangpzineous,, VAffe!) turgid, withi ttint bh-lck liquor. I-e adds, that, after many frishe at laft found alfo a conn-exion betwixt thofe GlandNhl and the Veffels of Urine. $s to the Peb/4,$ hie mnakes, that nothiing but an Expanfion of the Vreter, a-s confifding of the fi,me mcnubrsne and nervous fibres wilth the Ureter. Difeouirfing of thec VJe of the Kid*efst he fin-Is 'it ditffcult to explain, by what art and mechanifme, N tture fo copioufly excretes by the Rteins ( whofe glandular flru&turel feems to be u1niforme ) a iiquor,, which is compounided of Aqueous, Saline$ Sulphury and other priles, and fomnet'nmes the rdi`cks of im- poThulms, and other filth of the Body : Whiere he t-,--kes great pains, in fome meafure to cleir that matter; addia, thereuntlo thle manner of the, stG*e:generati01 in the Kidneys.

In the Exercitation -abouit the spleen, h pingpemrnied , as before in the other parrs, what has been hitherto publifh'c about it , he fub.. joyns what 'himfeif hathi further obferved therein: viz. T1vlc the whole body of thec Spleen , however it may feem to be a ftbMiance made up of concreted blood, yet is indeed a (ompecx of Membrare3, fafhion'd and diflinguifh't into little Folds and C(elV- clearly to be fe by fyringing into it flore of Air by thec Rdmws rp/enkuc , wlher-eby the whole Spleen will become fo turgid,. a's to fwell into an exceflive big- nefs;- which if upon the exficcation of the thus fwvelled part , it be pre- fently cuis whole maffe will be found made up of Membranes, of the.- fhape of the Cells in Bee-hiives; as he -6ffirms to have clea-rly feen in the Spleen of a Sheep ALnd lHogg, and in that of a ma-n. But then he adds , that through this whole merrbranouis B-ody of the c-pleen are copioufly difperfed Cluflers of Glanduls, or, if you willI, Bladders, ,very plainly refemnbling Clunders of Gra-cpes ; appendant on the fihres , and th-,3 extremities of the arteries and nerves of thit body. Comiing to difcourfe of the Vfe of the Spleen, after he bakh examined the va-. rious opinion of Anatomifls conicerningp it, and declar'd his diffatisfadi- on therein, together withi the re, Tons thereof, he does with g3reat muodefly as well as ingeniuity offer his thoughits About it, viz. Tiatt, conCidering thie whole dlrudture of thie Spleen , it fcenis to be delign- ed for a new feparation and mixtr-re of ti e luices conveyed it to it's Clan. duls by thec Arteries and Nerves, and thien collecded in the Cells ; whereby and by it's flay there , the -Blood r-eceives fuich a further chang e, and is fo much more exalted, thrt being convey'd by thec Splknetick. Br,agcb into the neighbour-ina Liver and thiere ref"crnented, it -c- quiires a difpofitioni, for an eafy feparation of thec Gal? thtre. ( whichi is fuppofed to be thie chief work of the Liver.)

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(89 ) Tou hiun the Itaft ub'je of thefe Differtatins, which is of the Polyprs f the ewca

the Author obferves, after the recitation of otler Writers opinioi s of the fame, that thofe Excrefccrtess grow and wvell for the mo f part in the Right Vcntricle of the Heart fooner than the Lef as they allo do ab ut the other veins of the Lungsanid Head, from this caufe, 1 hat the rertcrning m fk of ti e blcd is no ," by th e long ccntinued nutriticn of the parts, and by tranfpiraticr, depauperated of the fpirituous and finer particles, fuch as are the ful- yhurous and the ied ; and whilt it is ficehly confounded with the Chile, and other liquors, yet different from the nature of blcu', tie white and ragged parts thereof, being preci- pitated by the cotigity of thofe unlike parts, are in the large folds of the Hearts right ventricre or auricle, by their ruggedpefs and little chinks ertangled ; whence being affocia- ted to the like others) pail ng by, they grow into a greater buik; as it happens in the ge- neratien of the flcne in rhe Pelvis of the kidney), or in the concretion of Tartir in water Conduits. Bur, betides thii, the A:-hor conceives, that the Poltps may be ge erated from other cau e-, fince Experience evinces, that it is produced by poifonous potions, by malignant Fevers, caufed chiefly by a triafmal or corruption of the Ai-,.and by the Plague, and other infetious Diilcmpers ; wlereil it happens, that fuch fleams or juyces are, by the corrupt ferments of the VifccrJ, mixt with the B!oud, which diftuib its texture. This our Author illuftra:es by fome Exp,riments ; whereof one i., that powring Oylof sult pbur, orof 'itriol upon warm blout , it raifeth i,t and by a kind of co&ion at lafi incru. fiates it : Another, that throwing pulverifed Allum on it it renders it black and aduft. But that Niter, either pulv.rifed or diflolved per delil ium, attenuatsit, anid renders it vely florid ; as alfo cloth .q ea vitz, Sal gemm.e,, common Salt, Sal .rmonhic, Sulphur, and Harts korn ; which alUo for a pretty while hinder the coagulation of the bloud. And dif:outfing from hence of the caufes, which in the Plague, &c.. do coagulate the bloud,ei- ther in wlho'e, or in part by i,e tcraithg fol pus's, he fdith, that tho& caufes ought to be taken from ibmething aa3lo;ous to iltsu" > Vitriol and he like, not from Niter and I'o!e tiJe Sfirit' which thculd rather be uled as remedies by re-fermenting and rendring fluid the bloud..

1I. EPHE t RW PF, E MED'CEOR^'IM sYDERURM, ex Fpypotbcfibus rZ'bukli Joh. Don. Caffini, F'ononie iC63. in fbinfol.

WVhat Gali!xo Gali ai undert ck,- after I e h,d difcover'i the Satellits of fupiter3 of givitig an eafy and! Iure w. y to know the Loa gitudes by a careful Obfervation of thofe S$trs; Si,nior C4,ni feems to have now performed more fully than cther*, by compofing certain t2bles, after i S years Obfirvations made with exa&aefs ofthe motion of the faid 8atellitr. Thefe Tables are contain'd in this B ( k; and for the verifying of them, he hath added the Ephemcrides ofthofe Stars far tte year lately elapfed, vit A. ]668. Whereupon the Au- t'lor hath been deftred from hence, that, if Ie have calculated any moi e Epbemerides of them ior any fol:owing yearF, he would ( blige the Cu' ious by timely publifling them for obfer- vation. lMean time the Frtnc, PhiIc;fophets at Paris have acquainted us in the Oourtal d-s Scjvans of Dec. 17. 668. with the Obfervations made by them, to verifie the faid Epbeme- rides, by a Telefcope of 14 foot ; which may be offervice to thcfe,, that have made obfer- vations clfew hcere at the fame inltant and with the lame accuratenef, to know the difference 9' Longitide between Paris and the Place of their Obfervation.

Osob. 7. i 668. kor. io. po.m. 3 2 m. the firft Satcllit (call'd Pallas) entred upon the ace cf Fpilcr.

Of. . h. h 8 . m. The zd Sat ili e (call'd uno) went out behind Jupiter. Oi. 9. h. 8. 54. m. the z:'. Satellite went out from the face of 3upit y. ot. 6. h. IC. 4. m. the zdt. Satdlliteentred upon theface of fupitcr. O/0. 2z. h. zo. 4t. m. 3 . fc. the firf Satellite entred into the ihadow of upiter. O, 2z3 b. 8. 8 . m. the firft Satell'te entred upon the f.ce cf J'piter. Nov'. z. . 10 40. rm. t!ie a2. Satellite entred into the fladow of jp.':er N.ov. 2o.h z. 38. m. 30. fec. after mi'nighrt the 3d Satellite ccati'd7hemis' crtred

into ti.e 0tadow of ;jl'itetr AN

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