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enrolled in Physiology 2, Second Semester, SY 2011-12. Contact the document author for permission prior to use for other purposes.

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ANATOMY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: LABORATORY LEARNING SUPPLEMENT

I.  Palpation of the Trachea

a.  Inspect the attachment of the sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

b.  Instruct the subject to bend his/her head to reduce the tension in the SCM.

c.  Palpate as far down as possible, near the sternal notch, medial to the SCM head.

d.  Use the index and middle fingers of both hands, or, index finger and thumb of one hand, in

palpating for the trachea.

II.  Palpation of the Intercostal Spaces (ICS)

a. Method A

 – 

Parasternal Palpation.i.  Locate the sternal notch and the Angle of Louis.

ii.  The costal cartilage and rib located lateral to the Angle of Louis is the 2nd rib.

iii.  Palpate inferior to the 2nd rib. The space that you will be able to locate is the 2nd intercostal

space.

iv.  From the second intercostal space, you may be able to palpate for the 3rd-6th ICS by

moving inferiorly.

b.  Method B  – Posterolateral Ribcage

i.  Palpate for the location of the 12th rib.

ii.  If you are having difficulties locating the 12th rib, you may ask the patient to raise his/her arm

above the head and bend slightly towards the opposite side.iii.  The ICS above the 12 th rib is the 11th intercostal space. You may start from this point in

locating the other ICS.

III.  Surface Anatomy of the Lungs

The surface anatomy of the lungs is a rough representation or estimate of the location of the lung

lobes relative to the surface of the thorax.

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Surface Anatomy of the Lungs: Anterior Thorax

Lung Apices

Sternoclavicular Joint

Midclavicle (approximately between the Medial and

Intermediate Areas)

Axillary Area (following the contours of the ribcage)

 Anterior Border  Sternoclavicular Joint, going inferiorly parasternalR: Up to 6th rib or near the Xiphisternal JointL: Up to 4th rib Cardiac notch (with 5th and 6th rib)

Inferior Border Following the line of the 6 th rib, going inferiorly and laterally

To the 8th rib (midaxillary line)

Horizontal Fissure (R) LungTracing the line of the 4 th rib, junctioning at the midaxillary

line with the oblique fissure.

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enrolled in Physiology 2, Second Semester, SY 2011-12. Contact the document author for permission prior to use for other purposes.

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Illustrations of the surface anatomic markers on the Lateral Sides:

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enrolled in Physiology 2, Second Semester, SY 2011-12. Contact the document author for permission prior to use for other purposes.

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References:

Snell, R. (2004). Clinical Anatomy for Medical Students - 7th

ed. Maryland: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

Goldberg, C. A Practical Guide to Clinical Medicine. UCSD School of Medicine, The University of California, San

Diego. Online content retrieved from meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed.htm.