21
CSI4 Kick Off Meeting June 26, 2014 Analysis to Inform CA Grid Integration Rules for PV CSI4 RD&D Project Jeff Smith, EPRI Program Manager Lindsey Rogers, EPRI Senior Engineer
CSI4 Kick Off MeetingJune 26, 2014
Analysis to Inform CA Grid Integration Rules for PV
CSI4 RD&D Project
Jeff Smith, EPRIProgram Manager
Lindsey Rogers, EPRISenior Engineer
2© 2014 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Which Smart Inverter Setting is Most Appropriate for My Situation?
0 5 10 15 20 25
1.024
1.026
1.028
1.03
1.032
1.034
1.036
1.038
1.04
1.042
1.044
Hour
Vol
tage
(pu)
Voltages with different voltvar settings
---- Voltvar
---- No PV---- PV base
115 unique volt/var control settings
3© 2014 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Overview• Background: CA utilities are participating in an EPRI/CPUC
study to determine the distribution “hosting capacity” of PV and streamline analysis of interconnection requests with high pen. This effort will build on prior work to recommend settings for smart inverter functions considered in Rule 21.
• Objective: Use power system analysis tools, measurement data, and distribution engineering experience to develop practical operational parameters for smart inverters to effectively provide grid-support.
• Team:with support from SCE, SDG&E, PG&E, CAISO, PJM
4© 2014 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Leveraging Work Throughout Industry
From Research to Application
Develop “Hosting Capacity” Method for Hi-Pen PV Analysis
EPRI Project
Hi-res PV Monitoring and Hosting Capacity Analysis
(2 feeders)DOE/VT/EPRI Hi-Pen Phase
II Project
Hosting Capacity Analysis>20 feeders throughout US
EPRI Project
Develop Alternate Screening Methods using Hosting
Capacity Analysis15 feeders
CPUC/EPRI/DOE Project
Hosting Capacity with Smart Inverters
(1 feeder)DOE/VT/EPRI Hi-Pen Phase III
Project
2010 2011 2012 2013
Smart inverter settings for demo sites
(4 PV sites/feeders)DOE/EPRI SEGIS AC
Project
Smart inverter settings for to inform CA integration
CPUC/EPRI/DOE Project
2014
Develop open-source models of smart
inverters in OpenDSSEPRI Project
5© 2014 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Task
•Task 1: Project Management •Task 2: Feeder Selection •Task 3: Distribution Requirements for Smart Inverters
•Task 4: Bulk System Requirements for Smart Inverters
•Task 5: Outreach & Engagement
6© 2014 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Task 2: Feeder Selection
• Task Purpose– Select representative feeders from CA feeder types to
simulate wide range of smart inverter functional need. • Approach
– Select 7-10 feeders to capture a wide range of hosting capacities
• Leveraging: CSI3 feeder clustering, selection, modeling, and hosting capacity evaluations
• Deliverable: report summarizing feeders & generic feeder models made public
7© 2014 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Circuit Performance Characterization22 Feeders Selected within CSI3 award
020406080
100120
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
miles
Feeder
Total 3‐ph ckt miles
0
2
4
6
8
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
#
Feeder
Number of Regulators
‐
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
#
Feeder
Connected kVA
020406080100120
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
miles
Feeder
Total 2‐ph and 1‐ph ckt miles
Voltage Class
4
12
16
21
33
8© 2014 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Feeder Modeling• Feeder models developed under
CSI3 award• Detailed distribution models
– Full three-phase– includes regulation equipment,
individual customer loads, existing PV, etc
• Worked with participating utility to obtain base feeder data– Add secondary transformers and
service drops– Incorporate time-series load data
• Converted model to OpenDSS (open source)
• Validated/verified model with measurement data
Feeder Voltage Heat
Map
9© 2014 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Detailed Hosting Capacity*Sample results from Subset of 22 Feeders
0 2 4 6 8 10
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
Small Consumer PV (MW)
Feed
er
A – All penetrations in this region are acceptable, regardless of
location
B – Some penetrations in this region are acceptable, site specific
C – No penetrations in this region are acceptable, regardless of
location
*Feeders shown are not those chosen for CSI4
10© 2014 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Task 3: Distribution Requirements for Smart Inverters• Purpose of task
– Develop recommended configuration/implementation options for smart inverters to better integrate solar PV into distribution• Determine Recommended Smart Inverter Configuration Settings• Hosting Capacity Determinations with Smart Inverter Settings
• Approach– Evaluate a range of feeder configurations, penetration levels, and
potential inverters with existing feeder controls to develop default settings/parameters
– Includes curves (set points), inverter ratings, response times for:• Fixed power factor• Volt-watt• Volt-var• Ramp rate control• Soft start methods• Maximum generation limit
• Deliverable: report summarizing recommended settings & hosting capacity
11© 2014 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Method for Analysis
Step 1: Determine recommended settings– Combination of steady-state and time-series analysis– Consider range of load/PV scenarios
Step 2: Evaluate hosting capacity with new settings– Perform stochastic analysis of 1000’s of deployment
scenarios, observing feeder-wide impact• Voltage impacts• Regulation• Thermal• losses
– Repeat for different load conditions Step 3: Repeat step 2 with advanced inverter functions
12© 2014 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Inverter Settings are Critical
% Available Vars
% voltage
100%
0.95
1.05
‐100%
1.0V
% Available Vars
% voltage
100%
0.99
1.01
‐100%
1.0
Volt-var A
1
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540
PV Te
rminal Voltage
(pu)
Time (seconds)
1
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540
PV Te
rminal Voltage
(pu)
Time (seconds)
Unity Power Factor
Volt-var A
Volt-var B
1
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540
PV Te
rminal Voltage
(pu)
Time (seconds)
If wrong setpoints are used, adverse impacts can occur
0
0.5
1
PV Active
Power
Volt-var B
13© 2014 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Step 1 – Evaluation of Settings
*Sample Results from EPRI/DOE project
14© 2014 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Method for Analysis – Step 2
Step 1: Determine recommended settings– Combination of steady-state and time-series analysis– Consider range of load/PV scenarios
Step 2: Evaluate hosting capacity with new settings– Perform stochastic analysis of 1000’s of deployment
scenarios, observing feeder-wide impact• Voltage impacts• Regulation• Thermal• losses
– Repeat for different load conditions Step 3: Repeat step 2 with advanced inverter functions
15© 2014 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Increased Hosting Capacity using Smart InvertersPV at Unity Power Factor PV with Volt/var Control
2500 cases shownEach point = highest primary voltage
ANSI voltage limit
ANSI voltage limit
Increasing penetration (kW)
Max
imum
Fee
der V
olta
ge (p
u)
Max
imum
Fee
der V
olta
ges
(pu)
Increasing penetration (kW)
No observable violations regardless of PV size/location
Possible violations based upon PV size/location
Observable violations occur regardless of size/location
For voltage-constrained feeders, results indicate use of smart inverters can increase feeder hosting capacity for PV
Minimum Hosting CapacityMaximum Hosting Capacity
Minimum Hosting CapacityMax Hosting Capacity
16© 2014 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Control Off
Volt‐Var 1
Volt‐Var 2
98% pf
95% pf
Volt‐Watt 1
Volt‐Watt 2
Dyn‐Var
Feeder Hosting Capacity (kW)
Control
Customer-Owned PV Advanced Inverter Summary
No observable violations regardless of PV size/location
Possible violations based upon PV size/location
Observable violations occur regardless of size/location
*Sample Results from EPRI/DOE project
17© 2014 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Task 4: Bulk System Requirements for Smart Inverters• Purpose of Task
– Select default voltage and frequency tolerance settings for distributed PV systems• Model Development and Transmission System Analysis• Impact of Bulk System Performance on Distribution Feeders
• Approach– Quantify the settings needed to reduce unacceptable voltage
recovery or frequency response• Voltage ride-through• Frequency ride-through• Frequency watt control
• Deliverable: report summarizing settings needed to bulk system
18© 2014 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Task 5: Outreach & Engagement
•Purpose of Task–ongoing coordination and information sharing
with the CEC/CPUC efforts regarding candidate DER capabilities for Rule 21
•Approach–Project outreach workshops–Involvement in smart inverter working group
meetings–Webcasts following analysis of each function
for feedback
19© 2014 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Schedule
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Task 1 Project management, reporting, and technology transfer
Task 2 Feeder Selection
Task 3 Analys is of Distribution Requirements for Smart Inverters
Task 4 Analys is of Bulk System Requirements for Smart Inverters
Task 5 Outreach and Engagement
‐ internal milestone/del iverable
‐ external stakeholder del iverable
Participate and Present in Meetings (as requested)
Quarterly status report and invoice
Task 4 Report: Bulk System Requirements
Project Outreach webinars
Fina l Report Informing Grid Codes
Task 5: Project Workshop: CA uti l i ties and CPUC
One‐page publ ic summary upon completion of project
Year 2
One‐page publ ic summary at the start of project
Task 3 Report: Distribution Requirements
Task Schedule
Key Project Milestones and Deliverables
Year 1
Dates set by Project Advisory Committtee or Stakeholders
20© 2014 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Project Team
Project ManagerJeff Smith, EPRI
Contract ManagerDavid Morrison, EPRI
Bulk System Requirements for Smart Inverters Daniel Brooks, EPRI
OutreachAbraham Ellis,
SandiaMichael
Coddington, NRELThomas Key,
EPRI Abraham Ellis, Sandia Michael Coddington, NREL Vikas Singvhi, EPRI Roger Dugan, EPRI
Distribution Requirements for Smart InvertersJeff Smith, EPRI
Barry Mather, NREL Robert Broderick, Sandia Matt Rylander, EPRI Wes Sunderman, EPRI Robert Arritt, EPRI Huijuan Li, EPRI Aminul Huque, EPRI
Utility Partners: PGE, SCE, SDGE, SMUD
Project CoordinationLindsey Rogers, EPRI
21© 2014 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Q &A and discussion
Jeff Smith (PI): [email protected] 865.218.8069Lindsey Rogers : [email protected] 865.218.8092
