ANAMMOXANAMMOX®® demonstration ondemonstration onfull scale in Rotterdam, The Netherlandsfull scale in Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Tom Vereijken, Paques B.V.

Local Action 1782, Topic Session FT3Local Action 1782, Topic Session FT3--040419th March 2006

Nitrogen Cycle

Phylogenic tree

ANAMMOXANAMMOX®® Role in nature

ANAMMOX® characteristics

• Anaerobic• Autotrophic• Red colour• Granule formation

• Biomass yield: 0.05 kg VSS/kg N• Conversion rate: 1 kg N/kg VSS.d• Min. doubling time: 11 days (largest

barrier)

Power and methanol consumption

ConventionConventional ANAMMOX®

NH4+

NO3-

N2

(1.(.

0 kWh/kg N)NH4

+

N2

methanol(0 kg/kg N)

NH4+

aeration(2.3 kWh/kg N)

methanol(2.3 kg/kg N)

NH4+

NO3-

N2

NO2-

aerationkWh/kg N)

NH4+

N2

methanol(0 kg/kg N)

NH4+

a

methanol(2.3 kg/kg N)

NO2-

ANAMMOX® vs ConventionalConventional

treatmentANAMMOX®

Power 2.3 1 kWh/kg N

Methanol 2.3 0 kg/kg N

Sludge production 0.5 – 1.0 0.1 kg VSS/kg N

CO2 emission > 4.7 0.7 kg/kg N

Costs 3 - 5 1.5 – 2.5 €/kg N

NH4+

NO2-

N2

NO3-

-3 0 +3 +5

The Nitrogen cycle

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission

• 310 times stronger greenhouse gas than CO2

• N2O intermediate in conventional treatment

• 1% conversion to N2O doubles CO2 equivalents emission of conventional treatment

N2O is not an intermediate in ANAMMOX®

Application of ANAMMOX®

• waste water containing NH4+

• waste water containing NH4+ and COD

– Nitrification + denitrification– Anaerobic COD removal + ANAMMOX®

• ANAMMOX® advantages • biogas production

• NH3 from waste gas

Separate process steps

partialnitrification ANAMMOX®

NH4+

NH4+

NO2-

N2

air

History and Status

1988 2007

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

1988Nitrogen balance gap

at Gist Brocades

2002First Full scaleANAMMOX®

20052nd full scale

Anammox1998Discovery of ANAMMOX®

microorganism

1992Start development TU Delft

1999Worldwide licence Paques BV

20061st full scale

Canon

1996CultivationAnammox

Joint Development

• Universities:– Delft, Nijmegen, Gent, Aarhus,

Birmingham, Santiago de Compostella

• Kurita Water Industries LTD• Dutch Waterboard WSHD

ANAMMOX®

Lab scale development

Pilot Plants

Wwtp Rotterdam

• Capacity: 470.000 p.e.

• Treating 33% of the wastewaterwithin Waterboard area

• Not designed for N removal

• Positioned underground

• Difficult to expand

A-stage(high loaded)

B-stage

Influent Effluent

Sludge

Reject water treatment

Sludge

Over 10% of the nitrogen load inca. 1% of the hydraulic flow

ANAMMOX® process design

• Reactor with internal recirculation

• Compact technology

• Preceeded by solids removal

SHARON

ANAMMOX®

TPS

Dewatering

SHARON

ANAMMOX®

TPS

Dewatering

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

feb-02 aug-02 feb-03 aug-03 feb-04 aug-04 feb-05 aug-05 feb-06 aug-06date

N c

onve

rsio

n (k

g/d)

Nitrogen conversionStart up Rotterdam

Removal efficiency N-Kj

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

okt-05 nov-05 dec-05 jan-06 feb-06 mrt-06date

rem

oval

effi

cien

cy (%

)

1,E+04

1,E+05

1,E+06

1,E+07

1,E+08

1,E+09

0 30 60 90 120time (days)

AM

X c

opie

s/m

l

Td = 10,5 d

Second Full ScaleStart up March 2005Start up March 2005

Comparison N-removal systems Case 500 kg N/day

Conventional wwtp 42.000 peAeration tank: 11.000 m3

Sedimentation tank: 50 m

Anammox®

Sharon tank: 1.200 m3

ANAMMOX® reactor: 72 m3

ANAMMOX® perspective for digestion plants in EU-25

• Ca. 1100 digestion plants at municipal wwtp = ca. 200 million kg N/year

• saves € 500 million every year

• saves 1000 kton CO2 per year

• saves 800 ha

Lesson learned:Local action 1782: The ANAMMOXLocal action 1782: The ANAMMOX®® processprocess

• Nitrogen can be removed with cost savings up to three times

• The development of ANAMMOX® was accelerated by a combination of: multistakeholder cooperation, entrepreneurial behavior and financial support

• ANAMMOX® represent a high potential for market-wide application

Courtesy to:

1. Paques BV – The Netherlands

2. WaterSchap Hollandse Delta – The Netherlands

3. Delft University of technology – The Netherlands

4. Radboud University Nijmegen – The Netherlands

5. Waterstromen BV – The Netherlands

6. Kurita Water Industries LTD – Japan

NH4+

NO2-

N2

NO3-

-3 0 +3 +5

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

t.t.vereijkenvereijken@@paquespaques..nlnl