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Sports Medicine IAnatomical Directions & Movements1Anatomical PositionIn this position, the body is erect with feet together and the palms face forward and the thumbs are pointed away from the body.

2Anatomical DirectionsThese are used to explain precisely where one body structure is in relation to another.These directional terms refers to an individuals body as if it were in anatomical position, regardless of its actual position.3Anatomical DirectionsSuperior (cranial)Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; Above

4Anatomical DirectionsInferior (caudal)Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; Below

5Anatomical DirectionsAnterior (ventral)Toward or at the front of the body; In front of

6Anatomical DirectionsPosterior (dorsal)Toward or at the back of the body; Behind

7Anatomical DirectionsMedialToward or at the midline of the body; On the inner side of

8Anatomical DirectionsLateralAway from the midline of the body; On the outer side of

9Anatomical DirectionsProximalCloser to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

10Anatomical DirectionsDistalFarther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

11Anatomical DirectionsSuperficialToward or at the body surface

12Anatomical DirectionsDeepAway from the body surface; More internal

13Joint MovementsThere are 3 general types of movements:GlidingAngular movementsRotation14Gliding MovementsThey are the simplest type of joint movement.One flat, or nearly flat, bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface.The bones are merely displaced in relation to one another.15Gliding Movements

16Gliding MovementsThey occur at the intercarpal (wrist), intertarsal (foot), intervertebral (spine), and sternoclavicular (sternum meets collarbone) joints.17Angular MovementsThese change (increase or decrease) the angle between 2 bones.They include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction & circumduction.18Angular MovementsFlexionThis is a bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint and brings the 2 articulating bones closer together.Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion.19Flexion

Hip flexionKnee flexion20Angular MovementsExtensionThis is the reverse of flexion and occurs at the same joints.It involves movement that increases the angle between the articulating bones.

21Angular MovementsBending the head backward beyond the upright position is called hyperextension.In the foot, extension or straightening of the ankle (pointing ones toes) is referred to as plantar flexion.

22Angular MovementsAbductionThis is movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.When the term is used to indicate the movement of the fingers or toes, it means spreading them apart.23Abduction

24Angular MovementsAdductionThis is the opposite of abduction, so it is the movement of a limb toward the body midline.

25Angular MovementsCircumductionThis is the movement in which the limb describes a cone in space.A pitcher winding up to throw a ball is actually circumducting his/her pitching arm.26Circumduction

27RotationThis is the turning movement of a bone around its own long axis.It is the only movement allowed between the first 2 cervical vertebrae and is common at the hip and shoulder joints.28Rotation

29Special MovementsCertain movements occur only at specific joints or areas of the body.Supination & pronation refer only to the movements of the radius around the ulna.30Special MovementsSupination is the movement of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly or superiorly.In the anatomical position, the hand is supinated and the radius & ulna are parallel.In pronation, the palm is moved to a posterior- or inferior-facing position.31Supination & Pronation

32Special MovementsInversion & eversion refer to special movements of the foot.In inversion, the sole of the foot is turned medially.In eversion, the sole faces laterally.33Inversion & Eversion

34Special MovementsProtraction & retraction are nonangular anterior and posterior movements.The lower jaw is protracted when you jut it out and retracted when it moves posteriorly & returns to its original position.35Protraction & Retraction

36Special MovementsElevation & depression Elevation means lifting.When the elevated part is moved downward to its original position, the movement is called depression.37Elevation & Depression

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