Anatomy Chapt.1
Anatomical Terminology
What plane is this?
Right hypochondriacEpigastricLeft hypochondriacRight lumbar UmbilicalLeft lumbarRight iliacHypogastricLeft iliac
AB
C
DE
F
H IG
RUQ LUQ
LLQRLQ
PLAYDOUGH ACTIVITY-MAKE A SMALL VERSION OF A HUMAN BODY
MARK OUT REGIONSPLANESQUADRANTS
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Root and suffix
Lip / emiaRoot – fat suffix – blood condition
Meaning: condition of fat in the blood
Hyper / lip / emiaPrefix-excessive root-fat suffix-blood condition
Prefix is used to further modify the root.Definition: Excessive fat in the blood.
ADDITIONAL ROOTS
Hyper / lip / o / protein/ emia root vowel root
Definition: excessive amount of fat and protein in the blood.
COMBINING VOWELS AND COMBINING FORMS
Vowel links the two root words to allow easier pronunciation.
o= combining vowel (most common)i=combining vowel
Rules for Forming and Spelling Medical Terms
1. A combining vowel is used to join root to root as well as root to any suffix beginning with a consonant.
Electr + cardi + gramElectr/o/cardi/o/gram = electrical record of the
heart
2. A combining vowel is not used before a suffix that begins with a vowel:
Vas + ectomyVas/ectomy
Vas = vesselEctomy = escision excision of a vessel
3. If the root ends in a vowel and the suffix begins with the same vowel, drop the final vowel from the root and do not use a combining vowel:
Cardi + itisRoot(heart) suffix (inflammation)Card/itis inflammation of the heart
4. Most often, a combining vowel is inserted between two roots even when the second root begins with a vowel.
Cardi + esophag + ealRoot root suffixHeart esophagus pertaining toCardi/o/esophageal (pertaining to the heart
and esophagus)
5. Occasionally, when a prefix ends in a vowel and the root begins with a vowel, the final vowel is dropped from the prefix.
Para + enter + alPrefix root suffixAlongside of intestine pertaining toPar/enter/al = parenteralPertaining to alongside of the intestine
Defining Medical Terms Through Word Structure Analysis
Interpret the suffix first, then prefix, then the roots.
Peri / card / itis
Prefix root suffixAround heart
inflammationPericarditis – inflammation around the heart.
Review
1. A _________ is used to join root to root as well as root to any suffix beginning with a consonant.
2. A combining vowel is not used before a suffix that begins with a ___________.
3. If the root ends in a ______ and the suffix begins with the same ________, drop the final vowel from the root and do not use a combining vowel.
1. Angi + ectasis = angi/ectasis2. Hemat + logy = hematology3. Oste + ectomy = ostectomy4. Electr + encephal + gram =
electroencephalogram5. Arteri + it is = arteritis6. Gastr + tomy = gastrotomy
Pronunciation
C (before a,o,u) = k ex. Colon, cavity, cureC (before e,i) = s ex. Cephalic, cirrhosisCh = k ex. CholesterolG (before a,o,u) = g ex. Gallstone, gonad,
gurneyG (before e,i) = j ex. Generic, giantPh=f ex. PhasePn=n ex. PneumoniaPs=s ex. PsychologyPt=t ptosis
Rh=r ex. Rhythm
Rrh=r ex. Hemorrhoid
X=z (as first letter) ex. xerosis
Singular and Plural FormsSingularEnding:example: -a vertebra-is diagnosis-ma condyloma-on phenomenon-um bacterium-us fungus-ax thorax-ex apex-ix appendix-y myopathy
Plural FormEnding example-ae vertebrae-es diagnoses-mata condylomata-a phenomena-a bacteria-i fungi-aces thoraces-ices apices-ices appendices-ies myopathies
Packet: Medical Terminology