Anatomy Chapt.1

Anatomical Terminology

What plane is this?

Right hypochondriacEpigastricLeft hypochondriacRight lumbar UmbilicalLeft lumbarRight iliacHypogastricLeft iliac

AB

C

DE

F

H IG

RUQ LUQ

LLQRLQ

PLAYDOUGH ACTIVITY-MAKE A SMALL VERSION OF A HUMAN BODY

MARK OUT REGIONSPLANESQUADRANTS

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

Root and suffix

Lip / emiaRoot – fat suffix – blood condition

Meaning: condition of fat in the blood

Hyper / lip / emiaPrefix-excessive root-fat suffix-blood condition

Prefix is used to further modify the root.Definition: Excessive fat in the blood.

ADDITIONAL ROOTS

Hyper / lip / o / protein/ emia root vowel root

Definition: excessive amount of fat and protein in the blood.

COMBINING VOWELS AND COMBINING FORMS

Vowel links the two root words to allow easier pronunciation.

o= combining vowel (most common)i=combining vowel

Rules for Forming and Spelling Medical Terms

1. A combining vowel is used to join root to root as well as root to any suffix beginning with a consonant.

Electr + cardi + gramElectr/o/cardi/o/gram = electrical record of the

heart

2. A combining vowel is not used before a suffix that begins with a vowel:

Vas + ectomyVas/ectomy

Vas = vesselEctomy = escision excision of a vessel

3. If the root ends in a vowel and the suffix begins with the same vowel, drop the final vowel from the root and do not use a combining vowel:

Cardi + itisRoot(heart) suffix (inflammation)Card/itis inflammation of the heart

4. Most often, a combining vowel is inserted between two roots even when the second root begins with a vowel.

Cardi + esophag + ealRoot root suffixHeart esophagus pertaining toCardi/o/esophageal (pertaining to the heart

and esophagus)

5. Occasionally, when a prefix ends in a vowel and the root begins with a vowel, the final vowel is dropped from the prefix.

Para + enter + alPrefix root suffixAlongside of intestine pertaining toPar/enter/al = parenteralPertaining to alongside of the intestine

Defining Medical Terms Through Word Structure Analysis

Interpret the suffix first, then prefix, then the roots.

Peri / card / itis

Prefix root suffixAround heart

inflammationPericarditis – inflammation around the heart.

Review

1. A _________ is used to join root to root as well as root to any suffix beginning with a consonant.

2. A combining vowel is not used before a suffix that begins with a ___________.

3. If the root ends in a ______ and the suffix begins with the same ________, drop the final vowel from the root and do not use a combining vowel.

1. Angi + ectasis = angi/ectasis2. Hemat + logy = hematology3. Oste + ectomy = ostectomy4. Electr + encephal + gram =

electroencephalogram5. Arteri + it is = arteritis6. Gastr + tomy = gastrotomy

Pronunciation

C (before a,o,u) = k ex. Colon, cavity, cureC (before e,i) = s ex. Cephalic, cirrhosisCh = k ex. CholesterolG (before a,o,u) = g ex. Gallstone, gonad,

gurneyG (before e,i) = j ex. Generic, giantPh=f ex. PhasePn=n ex. PneumoniaPs=s ex. PsychologyPt=t ptosis

Rh=r ex. Rhythm

Rrh=r ex. Hemorrhoid

X=z (as first letter) ex. xerosis

Singular and Plural FormsSingularEnding:example: -a vertebra-is diagnosis-ma condyloma-on phenomenon-um bacterium-us fungus-ax thorax-ex apex-ix appendix-y myopathy

Plural FormEnding example-ae vertebrae-es diagnoses-mata condylomata-a phenomena-a bacteria-i fungi-aces thoraces-ices apices-ices appendices-ies myopathies

Packet: Medical Terminology