Anatomy- Quiz 1Dr. Brasington

Anatomical Position

Term Definition Example

Superior Toward the head end of upper part of body.

The heart is superior to the pelvis.

Inferior Away from the head end and toward the lower part of the body.

The chest is inferior to the head.

Anterior (ventral) Toward the front or belly side. The nose is on the anterior side of the head.

Posterior (dorsal) Toward the back. The spinal cord extends down the posterior side of the body.

Medial Toward the midline. The sternum is medial to the ribs.

Lateral Away from the midline. The ears are lateral to the nose.

Superficial Toward the surface of the body. The skin is superficial to the visceral organs.

Deep Away from the surface of the body.

The heart lies deep to the sternum.

Proximal Toward a structure’s origin or point of attachment to the trunk.

The shoulder is proximal to the elbow.

Distal Away from a structure’s origin or point of attachment to the trunk.

The wrist is distal to the shoulder.

Planes of Reference

(Frontal Plane)

(Cross-sectional Plane)

• Coronal Plane (Frontal Plane)• Divides body into anterior

and posterior portions

• Sagittal Plane• Divides body into left and

right portions• Midsagittal Plane• Parasagittal Plane

• Transverse Plane (Cross-sectional Plane)• Divides the body into

superior and inferior portions

Facial

Cranial

Cervical

Thoracic

AntebrachialAntecubital

Axillary

Brachial

Palmer

Umbilical

Inguinal

Pubic

Lumbar

Sacral

Gluteal

PoplitealPatellar

Plantar

Femoral

Calcaneal

REGION: PERTAINING TO THE: REGION: PERTAINING TO THE:

Facial Face Pubic Gential Region

Cranial Cranium Inguinal Groin

Cervical Neck Lumbar Lower Back

Thoracic Chest (Thorax) Gluteal Buttock

Axillary Armpit (Axilla) Popliteal Posterior Knee (Popliteal Fossa)

Brachial Arm (Brachium) Patellar Anterior Knee

Antecubital Anterior Elbow (Cubital Fossa) Plantar Sole of the Foot

Antebrachial Forearm (Antebrachium) Sacral Tailbone

Palmer Palm of the Hand Femoral Thigh

Umbilical Naval (Umbilicus) Calcaneal Heel

Body Cavities

Body Cavities• Dorsal Cavity

– Cranial Cavity: Brain– Vertebral Cavity: Spinal Cord

• Ventral Cavity– Thoracic Cavity

• Mediastinum: Esophagus, thymus, heart, trachea• Pleural Cavity: Lungs• Pericardial Cavity: Heart

– Abdominopelvic Cavity• Abdominal Cavity: Liver, spleen, stomach, small intestines, large intestines• Pelvic Cavity: Bladder, internal genitalia (ovary and testes)• Retroperitoneal: Kidney, pancreas

Nervous Cardiovascular Respiratory Digestive Urinary ReproductiveSystem System System System System SystemBrain Heart Trachea Esophagus Kidney OvarySpinal Cord Lungs Stomach Bladder Testes

S. IntestineL. IntestineLiverPancreas

Diaphragm: skeletal muscle between the Thoracic and Abdominopelvic Cavities

Serous Membranes of the Ventral CavitySerous Membranes: line the inside walls of the ventral cavities and cover the organs of the ventral cavities

Parietal Layer: outer layer that attaches to the cavity wallVisceral Layer: inner layer that adheres to an inner organ***A small space that contains serous fluid separates the 2 layers

Parietal Pleura: outer serous membrane of the lung Visceral Pleura: inner serous membrane attached to the lung

Parietal Pericardium: outer serous membrane of the heart Visceral Pericardium: inner serous membrane attached to the heart

Parietal Peritoneum: outer serous membrane of the abdominal organs Visceral Peritoneum: inner serous membrane of the abdominal organs

Abdominopelvic Divisions

Organ Systems

The End