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Dispelling the Myths Behind
extra ecclesiam nulla salus
Annie Paish
The Roots of Salvation
(Mark 16:16)
(John 3:17)
Early Church Fathers
ST. JUSTIN MARTYR (PEOPLE WHO LIVED
BEFORE CHRIST)
ST. IGNATIUSAND ST. CYPRIAN(HERESY AND SCHISM)
Virtue Mosaic Law Logos
guilty of being outside the church
“even martyrdom cannot purge away the guilt of schism”
“no one can claim the martyr’s name who has broken off his love”
St. Cyprian Continued
Outside of the Church there is no salvation: extra ecclesiam nulla salus
CONTEXT: fourth century when the Christians were no longer persecuted under Rome
Therefore, this exclusive judgement of salvation was not in regards to those who had never experienced Christ, but those who had chosen to deny the truth
St. Augustine
very dark view on who could enter into the Kingdom of Heaven
No salvation for those who had rejected the gospel AND for those who had not heard it
REASON: Original Sin
St. Thomas Aquinas
God would send some sort of an angel or revelation for the person who had never come
into contact with the teachings of Christ
“being subject to the Roman Pontiff is of necessity for
salvation.”
• salvation was possible for those who lived before the time of Christ
• changing views on those who had never been preached the gospel
Unam sanctum
POPE BONIFACE VIII HEINRICH KLEE
issued the bull Unam sanctum (1302)
Declared that the only way to salvation was through being a subject of the Pope
those who know that the Church is the true way to salvation, and still choose to deny and reject this, will not be granted salvation
Pope Pius IX
“well known is the Catholic teaching that no one can be saved outside the Catholic Church”
Invincible ignorance
ecclesiam nulla salus = only to those who are culpably outside of the Church
VS
Pope Pius XII and Mystici corporis
“to gain eternal salvation it is not always required that a person be
incorporated in reality as a member of the Church, but it is required that he belong to it at
least in desire and longing.”
Vatican II
Lumen Gentium Church of Christ is not referred to as the
Roman Catholic Church; instead, the council teaches that the Church
“subsists in the Catholic Church” (LG 8)
There are “elements of sanctification and of truth [which] are found outside
of its visible structure” (LG 8)
Whatever good or truth is found amongst them is looked upon by the
Church as a preparation for the Gospel” (LG 16)
Gaudium et spes
“since Christ died for all men, and since the ultimate vocation of man is in fact one, and divine, we ought to believe that the Holy Spirit in a
manner known only to God offers to every man the possibility of being
associated with this paschal mystery” (GS 22)
Nostra Aetate
Hinduism
Buddhism
Islam
Judaism
Karl Rahner and “Anonymous Christians”
the universality of God’s salvific will
he holds that non-Christians who live good lives that compose (unknowingly to them) of God’s grace, may be called anonymous Christians
Questions?