Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg

ANNUAL REPORT

2004

Contents Foreword 2 1. CORE Profile 3 2. Research Projects 4 2.1 Completed Research Project 4

a) Tajikistan and Central Asia Project 4 2.2 Current Research Projects 5

a) UN and OSCE Field Missions Project 5 b) OSCE Democratization Project 6 c) Multi-Ethnic Police Forces Project 8 d) Discourses on Roma Project 9 e) Media Assistance in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo Project 10 f) Kosovo Human Rights Project 11 g) Macedonia Project 11 h) External Democratization in South Eastern Europe Project 12 i) Russian Foreign Policy Project 12

2.3 Working Groups 13 3. Consultancy Projects 13 3.1 Completed Consultancy Projects 13

a) Policy Paper on the OSCE and its Partners in the Mediterranean and in Asia 13 b) Policy Paper on the EU and OSCE Acquis Concerning Minority Protection 14 c) Policy Paper on the OSCE Court of Conciliation and Arbitration” 14

3.2 Current Consultancy Projects 15 a) OSCE Academy in Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) Project 15 b) OSCE Acquis Booklet Project 16 c) Swiss-German OSCE Networking Project 16 d) OSCE Depository Library and CORE Website 17

4. Publications 17 4.1 OSCE Yearbook 17 4.2 Other Publications 19 5. Teaching 20 5.1 Master of Peace and Security Policy Studies 20 5.2 European Master’s Degree in Human Rights and Democratization 21 5.3 Lecturing at the OSCE Academy in Bishkek 21 5.4 PhD Programme 22 6. Inter-Institutional Co-operation and Conferences 22 6.1 Inter-Institutional Co-operation and Guests 22 6.2 Conferences and Lectures 24 7. Personnel and Financing 27 Annex 1: CORE Staff as of 1 December 2004 28 Annex 2: Publications by CORE Staff Members in 2004 29

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Foreword In January 2005, CORE will celebrate its fifth anniversary – an occasion that represents an excellent opportunity to take stock of what has been achieved. During the coming year, CORE staff will complete a first generation of research projects, most of which focus on the OSCE’s most important instruments for crisis prevention, crisis management, and post-conflict rehabilitation. These projects comprise a comparative analysis of OSCE and UN field missions, a study of the creation of multi-ethnic police forces in the Balkans, and research on OSCE democratization efforts in Central Asia. The Tajikistan and Central Asia Dialogue Project has already been completed this year. Work is well underway in preparing a second generation of research projects, which will concentrate on key problems of security-building in the Balkans, the Caucasus and Central Asia. In planning its future research activities, CORE is dedicated to providing opportunities for younger staff members. While two dissertations – the Sinti and Roma Project and the Media Assistance in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo Project – will be completed in 2005, four new PhD projects – the Kosovo Human Rights Project, the Macedonia Project, the External Democratization in South Eastern Europe Project and the Russian Foreign Policy Project, have been started in 2004. CORE’s research projects have provided it with a solid knowledge base, on which it can offer consultancy services. While three policy papers for the German Foreign Office were completed in 2004 – on the OSCE and its partners in the Mediterranean and in Asia, the EU and OSCE acquis concerning minority protection, and the OSCE Court of Conciliation and Arbitration – supporting the work of the OSCE Academy in Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) is an ongoing task. CORE has also accepted the request by 16 OSCE participating States to publish a booklet on the “OSCE Acquis and its Development. Norms, Principles, Commitments and Activities 30 Years after Helsinki” on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the signing of the 1975 Helsinki Final Act. During the past year, CORE has further expanded its teaching activities. As well as participating in the University of Hamburg and the IFSH’s Master of Peace and Security Policy Studies Programme, CORE staff also teach within the framework of the European Master’s Degree in Human Rights and Democratization programme and the Political Science (Central Asia) master’s programme at the OSCE Academy in Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan). CORE has again invested considerable effort in disseminating information on the OSCE via the OSCE Yearbook and other publications. The OSCE Networking Website has been completely renovated; an OSCE Depositary Library offers access to OSCE documents and secondary literature to scholars researching the organization. Much of what has been done in 2004 could not have been achieved without the generous support of the German Foreign Office. CORE has profited greatly from this relationship and is very grateful for the financial assistance it has received from the Foreign Office and the fruitful discussions it has held with Foreign Office staff, particularly with the OSCE unit. In 2004, CORE has also considerably deepened its co-operation with the Permanent Missions of several OSCE participating States and with numerous officials from OSCE institutions and field operations. CORE would like to thank everyone who has supported us and co-operated with us. We are looking forward to another active and rewarding year. Wolfgang Zellner

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1. CORE Profile

The Centre for OSCE Research (CORE), which is located within the Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg (IFSH), is the first institution specifically dedicated to research on the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). CORE was founded on 6 January 2000. The President of the Federal Republic of Germany, Johannes Rau, attended the opening ceremony. Prof. Dieter S. Lutz headed the Centre until his sudden death on 14 January 2003. Currently, Dr. Wolfgang Zellner is Acting Head of CORE. The IFSH analyses threats to peace and international security, following a policy-oriented approach. It was established in 1971 as a civil-law foundation. The IFSH currently has over 60 employees. Until his death, Prof. Dieter S. Lutz was the Director. Dr. Reinhard Mutz is the current Acting Director. The IFSH’s research agenda ranges across questions of European security, arms control, transition processes in Central and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia, the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy and aspects of global governance. From its inception, the IFSH made regular contributions to research on the CSCE/OSCE process and the institution has always contained considerable regional expertise in the OSCE area; this paved the way for the creation of CORE. CORE operates as a politically independent think tank, combining fundamental research on the evolution of the OSCE with demand-driven consultancy projects and teaching. Addressing political actors, the academic community and the interested general public in Germany and abroad, CORE strives to contribute to the OSCE’s ongoing development by performing analysis and critique that provide an insight into the problems and opportunities faced by the Organization. In support of the OSCE’s goals of effective conflict prevention and settlement and the construction of a European security order, CORE seeks to contribute to a realistic assessment of the capacities and limitations of the Organization. In analysing the structures, instruments and activities of the OSCE and its co-operation with other international actors, CORE focuses on the following: - OSCE activities in the fields of crisis prevention and conflict management; - OSCE efforts to build peace and stability through democratization; - OSCE contributions to a stable and undivided pan-European security space,

especially through arms control and assistance with security-sector reforms; - the OSCE’s institutional evolution and growing effectiveness. In line with the OSCE’s own priorities, much of CORE’s work concerns conflict regulation, security building and democratization, and the transition processes in South-Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia. In all its work, CORE strives to maintain an international outlook and to work towards viable solutions. Several CORE staff are not only highly qualified academics but have gained practical experience in OSCE field missions and/or field research in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia. In addition, CORE projects frequently involve collaboration with local scholars in the countries and regions being studied. Regular contact with OSCE institutions and field operations keeps CORE’s research programme oriented towards politically relevant questions.

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2. Research Projects

2.1 Completed Research Project a) Creating a Peace-Building Dialogue to Promote Co-operation and Coexistence

between Cultures and Civilizations in the OSCE Area When considering the relationship between secular and Islamic forces in Central Asia, the example of Tajikistan deserves special attention. This is the only country where a reformist Islamist movement has emerged from a group of former radical Islamists. Since the end of the civil war, the Islamic Revival Party of Tajikistan (IRPT) has abjured violence. Moreover, since 1997, some members of the former United Tajik Opposition, which included the IRPT, have also become part of the government. The IRPT has recognized the constitution of Tajikistan. The dialogue project, which began in 2001 and was funded by the German Foreign Office until 2003, was completed in 2004 with the preparation for publication of a collection of essays and reports detailing the work undertaken within the scope of the project. Since 2003, the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva, and the Swiss Foreign Office have participated in and co-funded the project. The Swiss side plans to continue the project in 2005. The project aimed to analyse this secular-Islamic dialogue in order to support the co-operation and coexistence of secular and Islamist forces in Tajikistan and Central Asia. In December 2003, a document on “Confidence-Building Measures” was adopted, signed by eight representatives each of the Tajik secular and Islamist sides, three independent experts, and representatives of the German and Swiss project partners. Among the secular Tajik subscribers are the former adviser of the President on internal affairs, the Ministers of Justice and Culture, the Chairman of the Committee of Religious Affairs and the Chairman of the Constitutional Court. On the Islamic side, two deputy chairmen of the IRPT signed the document, which was handed over to President Rahmonov. Contact: Dr. Arne C. Seifert A.u.P.Seifert@t-online.de Publications: Bitter, Jean-Nicolas/Frédérique Guérin/Delia Rahmonova-Schwarz/Arne C. Seifert (eds), Compromise,

Confidence Building and Co-operative Coexistence between Islamists and Secularists – The Tajik Experiment, Baden-Baden 2005 (forthcoming).

Kreikemeyer, Anna/Arne C. Seifert (eds), Zur Vereinbarkeit von politischem Islam und Sicherheit im

OSZE-Raum. Dokumente eines islamisch-säkularen Dialogs in Tadschikistan, Baden-Baden 2002. Rahmonova-Schwarz, Delia, Reform of Religious Education: a Road to Compromise?, in: Jean-Nicolas

Bitter/Frédérique Guérin/Delia Rahmonova-Schwarz/Arne C. Seifert (eds), Compromise, Confidence Building and Co-operative Coexistence between Islamists and Secularists – The Tajik Experiment, Baden-Baden 2005, pp. 255-267 (forthcoming).

Seifert, Arne C./Anna Kreikemeyer (eds), O Sovmestimosti Politicheskogo Islama i Bezopasnosti v

Prostranstve o OBSE. Dokumenti Svemsko-Islamskogo Dialoga v Tadkhistane, Dushanbe 2002. Seifert, Arne C., On the Benefits of Confidence-building between Islamists and Secularists, in: Jean-

Nicolas Bitter/Frédérique Guérin/Delia Rahmonova-Schwarz/Arne C. Seifert (eds), Compromise,

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Confidence Building and Co-operative Coexistence between Islamists and Secularists – The Tajik Experiment, Baden-Baden 2005, pp. 13-32 (forthcoming).

- Die Aussöhnung zwischen Europa und dem Islam in Eurasien, in: Institut für Friedensforschung

und Sicherheitspolitik an der Universität Hamburg/IFSH (ed.), OSZE-Jahrbuch 2004, Baden-Baden 2004, pp. 317-333.

- Vertrauensbildende Maßnahmen zwischen Säkularisten und Islamisten am Beispiel Tadschikistans,

in: Reinhard Möller (ed.), Islamismus und Terroristische Gewalt, Bibliotheca Academica, Reihe Orientalistik, Vol. 8, Würzburg 2004, pp.125-52.

- Primirenije Evropy i Islama v Evrasii, Vostok (Oriens), Moskva, No. 5, 2004 (co-authored with

Irina Zviagelskaja). - Risiken der Transformation in Zentralasien: Das Beispiel Tadschikistan, in: Deutsches Orient-

Institut (ed.), Mitteilungen, Hamburg 2002 (Vol. 64). - The Islamic Factor and the OSCE Stabilization Strategy in Its Euro-Asian Region, Hamburg 2001

(CORE Working Paper No. 4).

2.2 Current Research Projects a) Performance Records of UN and OSCE Field Missions of Varying Size: the Cases

of Georgia, Kosovo, Macedonia and Tajikistan During the past decade, over 20 multi-functional UN peacekeeping missions and OSCE missions have been deployed. They are among the most important instruments currently available to international actors for crisis prevention and conflict management. However, there is a gross discrepancy between the political importance of these missions and the volume of academic research on this innovative instrument. These missions are planned and implemented in a very tight timeframe, in a climate of political crisis, and under the obligation to react exclusively with civilian measures. The existing academic literature on civilian UN and OSCE missions typically combines descriptive and prescriptive elements in an unsatisfactory way. Studies based on systematic empirical research have been the exception rather than the rule. In fact, no comprehensive comparison or analysis has yet been made of the performance requirements and the performance profiles of OSCE and UN missions. This project is an attempt to close the current gap in the research. The following questions are crucial for the study: What are the organizational characteristics of these missions and their parent organizations? To what extent do these traits explain the different performance records of civilian UN and OSCE missions deployed in the same country for crisis prevention, conflict management and peace-building? Do the comparative advantages and disadvantages of UN and OSCE missions have a particular effect on certain activities in specific conflict situations and phases? The project commenced in January 2002 and is funded by the Volkswagen Foundation. CORE staff members and local researchers in host countries are responsible for implementation. In 2003 and 2004, CORE staff members travelled to the target countries and to UN and OSCE headquarters and conducted interviews with representatives from both organizations. Some interim results have already been published, and in 2004 two draft articles were prepared: “Lessons Learnt and Best

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Practices within International Organizations – looking at UN and OSCE Field Operations” (Legutke), and “The Impact of External Actors in Crisis Areas – The Case of Georgia” (Legutke/Tsikhelashvili).

Contact: Dr. Annette Legutke legutke@gmx.net Publications: Centre for OSCE Research, Mission Information Package South Caucasus, Hamburg 2003, at:

http://www.core-hamburg.de/english/serviceprojects/mip. - Mission Information Package Kosovo, Hamburg 2002, at: http://www.core-hamburg.de/english/

serviceprojects/mip. Evers, Frank, Regionale Interessen an der Erhaltung und Diversifizierung von OSZE-Feldoperationen:

Unterstützung für einen Trend, in: Institut für Friedensforschung und Sicherheitspolitik an der Universität Hamburg/IFSH (ed.), OSZE-Jahrbuch 2004, Baden-Baden 2004, pp. 479-499 (co-authored with Wolfgang Zellner).

Neukirch, Claus, Georgien im sich wandelnden Kräftefeld der Großmächte, in: Corinna Haus-

wedell/Christoph Weller/Ulrich Ratsch/Reinhard Mutz/Bruno Schoch (eds), Friedensgutachten 2003, Münster 2003, pp. 119-128.

Sporrer, Wolfgang, The OSCE and the Stability Pact for South-eastern Europe: Can a new relationship

improve co-operation?, in: Helsinki Monitor, Vol. 14 (2003), No. 1, pp. 11-21. - Managing the Ethnic Question in Kosovo, in: Minority Rights Group International/Association for

Democratic Initiatives (eds), Emerging Frameworks of Power-Sharing in Southeast Europe – Strengths and Weaknesses, Tetovo 2003 (Conference Report), pp. 109-118.

- The Role of Civil Society in the Search for a Final Status for Kosovo, in: OSCE Mission in Kosovo

(ed.), The Impact of Civil Society, Pristina 2003 (Conference Report). Zellner, Wolfgang et al., New forms and support structures for OSCE field operations, in: Helsinki

Monitor, Vol. 15 (2004), No. 2, pp. 91-102 (co-authored with Frank Evers, Claus Neukirch and Wolfgang Sporrer).

b) Security through Democratization? Theoretical Framework and Comparative

Case Studies on the Objectives, Adequacy, Organization and Effectiveness of OSCE Democratization Measures Aimed at Building Security in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan

The liberalization and democratization of the post-Soviet states can be seen as part of the global transition of totalitarian and authoritarian political systems to democracy. However, initial efforts at democratization, which were implemented largely “from above” led to ambivalent results. During the transition phase, few states developed into genuine, functioning democracies. Moreover, even those democratically elected regimes that do exist in the region have frequently been observed to ignore constitutional limitations to their power. In the last instance, political regimes of this type, which exist in the twilight zone between blatant autocracy and consolidated, liberal democracy, have a high potential for political instability. The political systems of Central Asia can be characterized as neopatrimonial autocracies. The region is threatened by economic crisis, border disputes, resource conflicts due to a lack of soil or water, and even armed clashes. Trafficking in

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weapons, drugs and human beings, and infiltration by Islamist extremists are additional sources of weakness. The region’s presidential regimes have responded to the many-sided threat of destabilization mostly with authoritarian strategies. The OSCE is unique in making a normative connection between the human dimension and security issues. Consequently, the level of democracy in inner-state relations becomes the legitimate object of interstate security concerns and co-operative regulation measures. The democratization work of the OSCE is thus not only legitimized by the direct goal of perfecting democracy, but indirectly by the aim of averting threats to inter-state stability and security. The project should be understood primarily as a contribution to the field of security policy. The key question it asks is: How do OSCE democratization measures contribute to maintaining and strengthening stability and security? It can thus be understood as contributing to research on conflict prevention and the development of a strategy of democratic security. In 2004, the two CORE researchers involved in the project published articles on new challenges for the OSCE democratization policy (Anna Kreikemeyer) and on the relationship between authoritarian political leaders and multilateral institutions (Andrea Berg). To further the project’s comparison of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, these two researchers visited the countries in question and co-operated with six local researchers: in Kazakhstan (Dr. Dosym A. Satpaev, Director of the Assessment Risks Group and Sofia Issenova, Lawyer, Internews Kazakhstan, both in Almaty), Kyrgyzstan (Dr. Atyrkul Alisheva, Institute for Regional Studies and Gulsara Osorova, Senior Export at The International Institute for Strategic Studies under the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, both in Bishkek) and Uzbekistan (Dr. Farkhod F. Tolipov, Assistant Professor at the Department of International Relations of the University of World Economy and Diplomacy, and Marina L. Pikulina, M.A., the coordinator of the S-Monitor Analytical Group, both in Tashkent). Besides this co-operative research work on the ground, the project also undertook an in-depth study of OSCE democratization efforts in depth. This entailed visiting the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) in Warsaw and the OSCE in Vienna. Contact: Dr. Andrea Berg andrea_berg@yahoo.de Dr. Anna Kreikemeyer annakreikemeyer@gmx.de Publications: Berg, Andrea, Wer hat Angst vor George Soros? Die Auseinandersetzung zwischen autoritären Macht-

habern und internationalen Organisationen in Zentralasien, in: Vierteljahreszeitschrift für Sicher-heit und Frieden (S+F), Vol. 22 (2004), No. 4 (forthcoming).

- Dynastie oder Demokratie? Die Personalisierung des Staates in Zentralasien, in: Welttrends, No.

4/2004, pp. 49-58. - Usbekistan, in: Marie Carin von Gumppenberg/Udo Steinbach (eds), Politisches Lexikon Zentral-

asien, Munich 2004 (forthcoming). - Zivilgesellschaft, in: Marie Carin von Gumppenberg/Udo Steinbach (eds), Politisches Lexikon

Zentralasien, Munich 2004 (forthcoming).

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Berg, Andrea/Anna Kreikemeyer/Delia Rahmonova-Schwarz, Wie sicher ist die Seidenstraße? Stabili-tätsgefährdungen in Zentralasien, in: Christoph Weller/Ulrich Ratsch/Reinhard Mutz/Bruno Schoch/Corinna Hauswedell (eds), Friedensgutachten 2004, Münster 2004, pp. 98-106.

Kreikemeyer, Anna, OSZE, in: Marie Carin von Gumppenberg/Udo Steinbach (eds), Politisches

Lexikon Zentralasien, Munich 2004 (forthcoming). - Learning by Doing – The OSCE in Central Asia, in: NIASnytt, Asia Insights, No. 2, June 2004, pp.

2-3, 24, at: http://www.nias.ku.dk/nytt/2004_2/NIASnytt2_2004.pdf. - Comprehensive Security for Central Asia – Challenges for the OSCE, in: Center for International

Development and Environmental Research (ed.), Co-operation and Conflict Management in Central Asia, Frankfurt 2004, pp. 259-267.

c) The OSCE and the Creation of Multi-Ethnic Police Forces in the Balkans Within the overall framework of the OSCE’s post-conflict rehabilitation activities, the police component of missions is of increasing importance. Alongside monitoring local police forces, it is necessary to reform, or even completely restructure, local police forces in order to secure a sustainable peace process. The ability to provide for public security is one of the basic preconditions for socio-economic stabilization of crisis regions. The establishment of ethnically mixed police forces within multi-ethnic societies presents a particular challenge. In an environment characterized by ethnically motivated hatred and social mistrust, police forces must contain representatives of each group in the population. If this is not the case, the underrepresented minority groups will lack confidence in the security forces. The OSCE police missions in Kosovo, Southern Serbia (Presevo Valley) and Macedonia, the UN police mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the WEU police mission in the city of Mostar illustrate how complex the task of creating multi-ethnic, indigenous police forces is following a civil war. The aim of the study is to compare the five missions in order to analyse the specific problems of OSCE police-reform missions, thereby contributing to the learning process within the OSCE. The project shall provide answers to the following questions: - How can members of ethnic minorities be integrated and former combatants be

incorporated into the new police force? - What measures are required to win the confidence of the population for the new

police force? - What policing models and principles of law can be used as a common starting

point for police reforms in different states with different police traditions? How can police reform be combined with reform of the justice and penal systems, and how can the impact of organized crime and corruption be minimized in order to achieve a sustainable reform process?

- What should a training curriculum look like? - What are the timeframes required for successful police reform and what material,

financial and personnel resources are indispensable?

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The project is being funded by the German Foundation for Peace Research and carried out by one CORE staff member, supported by a police advisor and three local researchers from the region. The project started in January 2003. Since there is very little literature available on the topic of police reform in the Balkans, the findings of this study are primarily based on interviews and surveys of local police officers and their OSCE, UN and EU police instructors and monitors in Kosovo, Southern Serbia and Macedonia. About 1,100 police officers participated in the surveys, starting in Kosovo in September 2003, continuing in Macedonia in May 2004 and ending in South Serbia in October 2004. The comparative SPSS analysis of the surveys will be completed in early 2005. Contact: Dr. Thorsten Stodiek stodiek@ifsh.de Publications: Stodiek, Torsten, International Police Forces in Peace Operations, in: Harvey Langholtz/Boris

Kondoch/Alan Wells (eds), International Peacekeeping: The Yearbook of International Peace Operations, Vol. 10 (2004), pp. 93-107 (forthcoming).

- Die OSZE und der Aufbau multiethnischer Polizeien auf dem Balkan, in: Deutsche Stiftung Frie-

densforschung (ed.), Impulse für Friedensforschung und Politik. Stand und Weiterentwicklung der Stiftungsaktivitäten, Forum DSF No. 2, Osnabrück 2004, pp. 51-56.

- Nachkrieg auf dem Balkan: Die Rolle internationaler Polizeimissionen bei der Friedenskonsolidie-

rung, in: Christopher Weller/Ulrich Ratsch/Reinhard Mutz/Bruno Schoch/Corinna Hauswedell (eds), Friedensgutachten 2004, Münster 2004, pp. 193-201.

- Internationale Polizei. Ein empirisch fundiertes Konzept der zivilen Konfliktbearbeitung, Baden-

Baden 2004.

- The Police Component of Post-conflict Security Sector Reform, in: ZEI (ed.), SOE-Monitor: Security Sector Reform in South Eastern Europe, Vol. 4, No. 1/2004, at: http://www.zei.de.

d) “Gypsies” and “Roma” – The Discursive Opening-up of Political Space by the

Institutions of the European Union This project, which is being conducted within the framework of the PhD programme at the IFSH sponsored by the German Foundation for Peace Research, is concerned with the question of how a political category named “Gypsies” or “Roma” is constructed in the discourse of the institutions of the European Union. It traces the development of the discourse of EU institutions on “Gypsies”/“Roma” over time and considers how political space was and continues to be opened up in this process. Based on documents published by these institutions as well as interviews with members of the European Parliament, officials from the EU Commission and representatives of NGOs conducted during May 2004 in Brussels, this project analyses continuities and discontinuities in EU discourse on Roma since the European Community started to touch upon the issue in the 1970s. For the purposes of the analysis, the category of “Roma” is not taken as an unchallenged starting point for further considerations, as this would mean following the “realism of the group” (Brubaker) as applied by the political actors. “Instead of taking categories of practice as categories of analysis” (Brubaker), the research project explores precisely the

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process of constructing this category and reveals the relevance of language in this process. To achieve this, the research concentrates on constitutive assumptions underlying the discourse and interpretative patterns guiding it. This project builds on some of the author’s studies on national minorities and international organizations’ responses to problems arising in this field.

Contact: Katrin Simhandl, M.A. katrin.simhandl@gmx.net Publications:

Simhandl, Katrin, Implementing Minority Rights in the Framework of the CSCE/OSCE, in: European

Centre for Minority Issues (ed.), Mechanisms for the Implementation of Minority Rights (co-authored with Claus Neukirch and Wolfgang Zellner, forthcoming).

- “Western Gypsies and Travellers” – “Eastern Roma”: The Creation of Political Objects by the

Institutions of the European Union”, paper presented at the Fifth Pan-European Conference, The Hague, 9-11 September 2004.

e) Media Assistance as an Instrument of External Democracy Promotion. Motives,

Objectives and Implementation Strategies of International Actors in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo

A free and democratic media is an important pillar of a democratic state and civil society. Media assistance is therefore a vital instrument of international democratization policy. But it was only after the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia that media assistance achieved any sort of visibility in the democratization portfolio of external actors. Especially in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo, where external actors function as de facto protectorate powers, media assistance now receives a sizeable amount of resources. External actors influence the media situation by drafting laws, funding broadcasting institutions and training journalists. This PhD project focuses on key external actors in the region, such as the OSCE and the EU, Germany and the United States. The core question is the following: What are the interests of these external actors and what strategies do they follow with their media-assistance activity? The study aims at defining driving factors for external democracy promotion and providing basic data for impact assessment of media assistance efforts. It is therefore a contribution in the larger context of research on security building through democratization by external actors. Contact: Friederike Gräper, M.A. fgraeper@gmx.de Publications: Gräper, Friederike, European Media Development – New Competencies through the Back Door?, paper

presented at the Network Conference 2004 “New Directions in European Media” of the European Sociological Association, Thessaloniki, 5-7 November 2004.

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f) Human Rights and the Sustainable Civilization of Conflict. A Systems-Analytical Assessment of International Peace Efforts with Reference to the UN, OSCE and EU Missions in Kosovo

Immediately following the war in Kosovo, the joint efforts of the UN, OSCE and EU missions in Kosovo were considered a success: an exemplary case of international administration and peace building in a conflict situation with deep-roots, and one that used a strong focus on human-rights promotion and protection to maintain a fragile peace. This assessment has changed radically since major violence erupted again in Kosovo in March 2004, costing many lives and leading to a renewed large-scale displacement of minorities. This PhD project, which is sponsored by the German Foundation for Peace Research, aims at generating an alternative approach to gain a better understanding of the constitutive elements in this failure of international peace efforts. This approach shall be based on a systems-analytical understanding of both local and international actors as self-referential, closed social systems that rely on their own selective observations of their environment and pre-coded means of internal communication. In considering these questions, the concrete object of research will be the relationship between international human-rights work and efforts to civilize violent conflict. By providing tools for critical self-reflection, it will lead to practical recommendations on improving the attempts of international organizations to secure and sustain peace. On this basis, the project aims to consider how peace efforts can be strengthened by moving away from imposing measures from outside and instead developing them together with the society concerned. In this way, it is hoped international organizations can improve their effectiveness in helping societies resolve their conflicts. Contact: Jens Narten, Dipl.-Sozialwiss. jens.narten@web.de

Publications: Narten, Jens, Menschenrechtsschutz in internationalen Mandatsgebieten und seine strukturellen Wider-

sprüche am Beispiel des Kosovo, in: General Secretariate of the German Red Cross/Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict (eds), Humanitäres Völkerrecht, Informations-schriften (HUV-I), Vol. 17, No. 3, 2004, pp. 144-151.

- Human Rights Protection and Its Contradictions in Peacekeeping Areas: Lessons Learnt From

Kosovo. Working Paper at the international conference on “Human Rights in Europe. A Fragmented Regime?”, organized by IPOSS, Amnesty International and the German Institute for Human Rights at the University of Hannover, 17-18 September 2004.

g) Macedonia – An Analysis of the Interdependence of Socio-Economic, Political,

Inter-Ethnic and Demographic Conflict Causes

For a long time, Macedonia was perceived as an “oasis of peace” in the war-torn Western Balkans. The armed conflict between Albanian activists and Macedonian security forces in 2001 spoilt this illusion and attracted international attention to this country once again. While the international community did succeed in stopping the fighting, preventing a civil war, and mediating the Framework Agreement of August

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2001, it is more than doubtful whether it disposes of a workable strategy of conflict transformation for Macedonia. The core argument of this PhD project, which is sponsored by the German Foundation for Peace Research, is that Macedonia’s potential for conflict is complex and cannot be explained by treating the various contributing factors in isolation. Rather, it will be argued that only a multidimensional approach can lead to viable results. The project thus aims at going beyond the dominant paradigm of interethnic conflicts by investigating the complex interdependence of socio-economic, demographic, interethnic, and external factors. Contact: Merle Vetterlein, Dipl.Pol. merlevetterlein@web.de h) The Effectiveness of External Democratization Efforts for Internal Transition:

International Organizations in South Eastern Europe International organizations such as the OSCE and the EU have intervened substantially in the transition process in the post-Communist states. The compendium of instruments they have employed comprises various less direct activities as well as the quasi-protectorate mechanisms we have seen in Bosnia and Kosovo. After nearly ten years of democratization assistance, one of the key findings of empirical studies is that, as well as positive effects, these interventions have also had negative and unintended impacts on the transition process in these countries. A comprehensive analysis of the effects of these external factors for the internal democratization process has so far not been published from either the perspective of International Relations theory nor from that of Comparative Transition Research. This PhD project will be mainly realized at the University of Dresden and at CORE. The project’s objectives are twofold: An analytical approach for measuring the effects and impact of international organizations at the subsystemic level will be developed, based on theories of International Relations (especially socialization and europeanization) and theories of transition. This will not only focus on the achievement of “democratization goals” set by these international organizations but also on their contributions to the transition process. Framed by this analytical schema, the project will undertake a detailed empirical exploration of the OSCE’s democratization efforts by means of case studies of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia and Montenegro. In preparation for her research project, Ms. Richter worked with the OSCE Mission to Croatia, Zagreb, from September 2003 to January 2004. Contact: Solveig Richter, M.A. solveig.richter@csp-network.org i) Russian Foreign Policy vis-à-vis the West: Unilateralism and Multilateralism in

the post-Soviet Area Rather than addressing the much debated and often abstract question of whether Russia belongs to the West or to the East, this PhD project, which is sponsored by the Naumann Foundation, aims at analysing Russian foreign policy in terms of the

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dichotomy between unilateralism and multilateralism. The research concentrates on the post-Soviet area – the “Near Abroad” in Russian foreign policy, and the most conspicuous example of Russia’s unilateralism vis-à-vis the West. The notion of “the West” refers, first, to the USA (and NATO) and its presence and influence in the region (primarily economic and security-related), and, second, to the EU and its increasing role and significance for the post-Soviet states. The main task of this multi-level analysis is to explain which factors determine Russian foreign policy in its ambiguous stance between unilateralism and multilateralism vis-à-vis both the US and the EU. The study intends to assess the combination of factors, both at the domestic and at the international level, that contribute to the evolution of Russia’s foreign policy. A further question to be considered is whether Russia would rather co-operate with the EU or with the USA (NATO) – at present it seems to be shifting between these two dimensions of its foreign policy, trying to choose a perfect strategic partnership with one or the other. Within the scope of the project, a case study will consider Ukraine as a bone of contention between Russia and the West. The project shall contribute to political discourse on Russia’s domestic and foreign policies within Russia itself and in the international community. Contact: Elena Kropatcheva, M.A. ekropatcheva@list.ru

2.3 Working Groups CORE currently contains two working groups, which aim to formalize co-operation and the exchange of views on specific research concerns: The Working Group “Precarious Statehood” co-ordinates CORE’s research on conditions that lead to weak, failed or failing states. It covers a wide range of topics – from globalization to ethno-political, religious, linguistic and other inter-communal tensions. The work of this group benefits a wide range of research activities throughout the IFSH. While this working group has a theoretical focus, the Working Group “Central Asia” has a regional orientation. It aims to ensure consistency among the various CORE projects dealing with this region. The members of this group closely co-operate with local partners, following a participatory approach.

3. Consultancy Projects 3.1. Completed Consultancy Projects

CORE produced three policy papers for the German foreign office during 2004. These studies were planned and, in part, carried out by Frank Evers and Wolfgang Zellner. In detail, these three papers were as follows: a) Policy Paper: “The Relations between the OSCE, Its Mediterranean Partners and

Partners in Asia – Historical Developments and Options for Future Activities”

The paper reflects on ties of co-operation and prospects for future interaction between the OSCE, its Mediterranean Partners (Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Morocco and

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Tunisia) and its Partners in Asia (Afghanistan, Japan, Korea and Thailand). It was written by Frank Evers on the basis of interviews conducted by him and Wolfgang Zellner with the heads or chairmen of the OSCE External Co-operation Section, the OSCE Outreach Group, the OSCE Contact Group with the Mediterranean Partners for Co-operation, the OSCE Informal Contact Group with the Partners for Co-operation in Asia, and the delegations of several OSCE participating States and partner States. Background research was undertaken by Melanie Zagrean. Contact: Dr. Frank Evers eversfrank@lycos.com b) Policy Paper: “The Relationship of the EU and OSCE Acquis Concerning

Minority Protection – Status Quo and Policy Options in Albania, Croatia, Estonia, Latvia, Macedonia (FYROM) and Serbia”

The high likelihood that these countries will eventually join the EU (or the certainty that they will, at least, co-operate closely) raises the question of the relationship between the minority-protection acquis of the OSCE and that of the EU and of both organizations’ future policy options in this field. The baseline for research was the fact that the OSCE acquis concerning minority issues is in many respects more developed and differentiated than that of the EU. In contrast to the EU, the OSCE possesses specialized instruments for handling these issues: its missions, the HCNM and ODIHR. However, the EU has become the main international partner organization of the countries in question. The paper’s six country-specific surveys of minority protection and the activities of the OSCE and the EU were elaborated by a team consisting of Solveig Richter (Croatia and Serbia), Claudia Eicher (Albania), Merle Vetterlein (Macedonia), and Jekaterina Dorodnova (Estonia and Latvia). Additional research assistance was provided by Melanie Zagrean. Overall responsibility for the project lay with Wolfgang Zellner and Frank Evers, who also carried out the concluding analysis and editorial work. The paper was based on interviews carried out with officials from the office of the OSCE HCNM and the European Commission. Contact: Dr. Wolfgang Zellner zellner@ifsh.de Dr. Frank Evers eversfrank@lycos.com c) Policy Paper: “The OSCE Court of Conciliation and Arbitration”

The OSCE Court of Conciliation and Arbitration was established in 1992 for settling disputes submitted to it by States that are Parties to the Convention on Conciliation and Arbitration within the OSCE. So far, no case has been brought before the Court. The paper researches the question of how OSCE participating States could benefit from using the Court. It was written by Patricia Schneider and Tim J. Aristid Müller-Wolf and contains an overview of the history and legal background of the court and an overview of relevant academic and political literature. Comments and policy recommendations were added by Frank Evers and Wolfgang Zellner. Contact: Dr. Frank Evers eversfrank@lycos.com Dr. Patricia Schneider schneider@ifsh.de

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Publication: Schneider, Patricia/Tim J. Aristid Müller-Wolf, On The Use of the OSCE Court of Conciliation and

Arbitration, Hamburg 2004 (CORE Working Paper 13).

3.2. Current Consultancy Projects a) Supporting the OSCE Academy in Bishkek CORE has been providing consultancy services on establishing the OSCE Academy in Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) and developing its training and research activities since 2002. Anna Kreikemeyer produced a concept paper containing a draft model of the Academy while negotiations between the OSCE and Kyrgyz authorities on founding a new think tank were still in their early stages. This paper has subsequently played a key role in determining the institution’s future format and direction. The Academy was inaugurated on 17 December 2002. Since 2004, it has been registered in Bishkek as a non-governmental organization under to Kyrgyz law. Acting at the request of the German Foreign Office, CORE is one of the four academic partner institutions providing assistance to the Academy. From the very beginning, CORE has been among the leading proponents of this regional project. CORE played a range of roles at this stage in the Academy’s evolution: from advising on its basic design, to helping train managerial staff, to conducting some of the first lectures held at the Academy. In 2004, CORE again took the lead in finding international partners for the Academy and campaigning to accelerate the process of institutionalization. A special team was created under Wolfgang Zellner with responsibility for co-ordinating all CORE’s assistance to the Academy. In 2004, the team included Andrea Berg, Frank Evers, Anna Kreikemeyer and Delia Rahmonova-Schwarz. During two meetings in Hamburg, the team provided induction briefings for the then newly appointed Academy Director, Dr. Annette Krämer, and, half a year later, for her successor and the current Director, Dr. Tim Epkenhans. Berg, Evers, and Kreikemeyer have undertaken substantial lecturing duties within the Academy’s pilot semester and the subsequent first full-scale postgraduate master’s programme – both of which were entitled “Political Science (Central Asia)”. Prior to the launch of the master’s programme in early September 2004, Ms. Rahmonova-Schwarz helped to select the inaugural student intake as part of the Academy’s Admission Committee. Berg has been officially appointed a member of the Academy’s Advisory Committee. CORE is also assisting the Academy in initiating procedures to certify its master’s programme under the Bologna process – a mechanism that seeks to enhance student mobility by harmonizing academic qualifications within the European higher-education space. Contact: Dr. Frank Evers eversfrank@lycos.com Dr. Andrea Berg andrea_berg@yahoo.de

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b) OSCE Booklet Project “The OSCE Acquis and its Development. Norms, Principles, Commitments and Activities 30 Years after Helsinki”

On the eve of the 30th anniversary of the CSCE/OSCE in 2005, CORE has been approached by a group of 16 interested delegations of OSCE participating States with the request to produce a booklet on “The OSCE Acquis and its Development. Norms, Principles, Commitments and Activities 30 Years after Helsinki”. CORE and the 16-member group, which has been assembled by the Head of the Permanent Delegation of Finland to the OSCE, Ambassador Aleksi Härkönen, have agreed on a project plan that foresees publication by June 2005. Planning and research work started in October 2004. Wolfgang Zellner and Frank Evers are in charge of the project. Contact: Dr. Frank Evers eversfrank@lycos.com Dr. Wolfgang Zellner zellner@ifsh.de c) Swiss-German OSCE Networking Project Since June 2000, CORE has been a member of the “Specialized Information Network International Relations and Area Studies” (FIV), a consortium of eleven German research institutes that aim to pool their collective information resources. The Network’s database is one of the largest bibliographical resources for the social sciences in Europe, containing more than 600,000 entries compiled since 1974. CORE’s task is to register OSCE documents and materials, journal articles, grey literature and publications on the OSCE. Since January 2001, CORE has also participated in the joint Swiss-German OSCE Networking Project together with the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva (GIIS) and with the support of the International Relations and Security Network (ISN) in Zürich and the FIV in Berlin. This project was funded by the Swiss Foreign Ministry from January 2001 to December 2002. Its goal was to create a website that serves as a source of general and specific information on the OSCE. The OSCE Networking database section of the FIV bibliographies collection currently contains 2,400 entries on CSCE- and OSCE-related literature. These are regularly updated, ensuring that the latest data is available for scholarly purposes. The online library catalogues from the OSCE/CSCE archives in Prague, the GIIS in Geneva, and CORE in Hamburg, with their large inventories of OSCE-relevant literature and two extensive online bibliographies, are also valuable sources of information to students and scholars who are looking for detailed information. A survey of research institutions (websites, addresses, e-mail addresses, research programmes, publications and events) that deal with the OSCE and relevant areas provides an up-to-date overview of OSCE research. A user-friendly search engine provides access to more than 3,500 Internet links to sites containing information on a range of economic, social and political topics for all 55 OSCE participating States. The website has been restructured, redesigned and generally updated during 2004. OSCE Networking can be visited at: http://www.isn.ethz.ch/osce. Contact: Uwe Polley, Dipl.-Pol. dokumentation@ifsh.de

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d) OSCE Depository Library and CORE Website With the establishment of the Centre for OSCE Research, an OSCE Depository Li-brary was set up within the IFSH library. It contains an exhaustive range of OSCE documents and related literature. Its current inventory includes CSCE/OSCE documents, both grey and published literature on the OSCE itself, and books with a focus on nation building, nationalism and majority-minority relationships in the European and Central Asian OSCE countries. This repository of important OSCE documents and OSCE-related literature is continuously being expanded. Contact: Ute Runge, Dipl.-Bibl. runge@ifsh.de The CORE website (http://www.core-hamburg.de), which was created in 2001, contains constantly updated information on the structure of CORE, its projects and staff as well as details of activities, events and other CORE-related news. CORE Working Papers and CORE News (cf. 4.2), the Mission Information Packages and an OSCE bibliography can be downloaded, and the website also contains information on vacancies and internships at CORE. Contact: Carsten Walter walter@ifsh.de

4. Publications

4.1 OSCE Yearbook The IFSH has published the OSCE Yearbook in German since 1995. Since 1996, an annual English edition has also been produced. A Russian edition was initially published every other year, but, since 2000, has also become an annual undertaking. The Yearbook is published in co-operation with retired Ambassador Jonathan Dean (Union of Concerned Scientists, Washington), Dr. Pál Dunay (Geneva Centre for Security Policy, since mid-2004 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute/SIPRI), Prof. Victor-Yves Ghebali (Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva), Prof. Adam Daniel Rotfeld (Secretary of State, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland, Member of the National Security Council, Warsaw) and Prof. Andrei Zagorski (Deputy Head, Moscow Office of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation). The editorial staff are located at the IFSH in Hamburg. Ursel Schlichting is the editor-in-chief, assisted in the tasks of editing and translating by Susanne Bund, Graeme Currie, and Daria Filippov. The German Foreign Office funds the printing of the Yearbook and some of the associated personnel costs. Additional funds are earmarked for the distribution of free copies, for instance, to foreign ministries and OSCE institutions, including the Secretariat. The German version of the OSCE Yearbook 2004 (Volume 10), published in winter 2004, contains a preface by the current OSCE Chairman-in-Office, Bulgarian Foreign Minister Solomon Passy. The first chapter proper discusses “Developments and Prospects of the OSCE”, paying particular attention to the impact of NATO and EU enlargement. Currently heading an OSCE election-monitoring mission in Afghanistan

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– and thus putting into practice his long-held view that the OSCE should take on out-of-area responsibilities – US Ambassador Robert Barry examines the Organization’s likely future role. Further contributions in this chapter shed light on some of the OSCE’s comparative advantages and consider questions such as whether the EU is threatening to replace the OSCE in some of its core fields. The following chapter, on the interests and commitment of OSCE States, includes contributions on the engagement of the USA in combating human trafficking and on Latvia’s attitude towards the OSCE, with special attention to the role the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities has played in this country. The second and largest section of the Yearbook is devoted to the responsibilities of the OSCE and the instruments, mechanisms and procedures it has at its disposal. The first chapter within this section, “Conflict Prevention and Dispute Settlement”, mainly deals with the OSCE’s field operations. This year, the focus is on the work of the OSCE missions in Serbia and Montenegro, Croatia, Kosovo, and Macedonia. Also in this section, the OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine describes his responsibilities and activities. The chapter closes with a detailed assessment of defence reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The 2004 Yearbook has a special focus on the Caucasus region. This section contains several in-depth, expert analyses that consider the causes and history of the conflicts in South Ossetia, Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh and Chechnya as well as possible ways of resolving them. Further contributions discuss whether there is a new “Great Game” in the Caucasus and examine the role of religion in the various conflicts. Detailed reports on the events in Georgia “after Shevardnadze”, on democratization in Azerbaijan, and on developments in Armenia complete this exciting chapter. This year’s chapter on “The Human Dimension and the Development of Democracy” includes a detailed consideration of the alleged contradiction between two principles of international law (both also incorporated in the OSCE Helsinki Final Act): the self-determination of peoples and the territorial integrity of states. Further contributions in this chapter look at how this year’s OSCE Chairmanship has prioritized education and discuss the relationship between Europe and Islam. The chapter concludes with a passionately argued and unsettling contribution on anti-Semitism and the OSCE Anti-Semitism Conference held in Berlin in April 2004.

In the chapter on co-operative security, the OSCE Yearbook 2004 pays special attention to the OSCE’s activities in the area of police assistance: One contribution compares EU and OSCE police-assistance activities in the Balkans, while another considers the concrete example of the OSCE police project in Kyrgyzstan. The current state and future prospects of the Open Skies Treaty are also dealt with in this chapter. Finally, the second section concludes with an analysis of the topical and pressing problem of money laundering as part of transnational organized crime – in this case with regard to Albania.

The third section of the Yearbook, “Organizational Aspects”, focuses on the OSCE’s own structures and institutions and on its relations to other international or non-governmental organizations and partners for co-operation. In the present volume, this section comprises articles covering the Ministerial Council meetings in Porto and Maastricht, including an assessment of the Netherlands’ Chairmanship in 2003, a consideration of the changing forms and functions of OSCE field activities, a review

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of media freedom in the OSCE region from the perspective of the long-standing OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media, Freimut Duve, a report on the progress of the OSCE Academy in Bishkek, a discussion of training and competence-building resources for OSCE mission members, and an inquiry into the relevance of e-voting. In the chapter on external relations, Amalia Kostanyan, the Head of the Armenian Section of Transparency International, addresses herself in an impassioned manner to the co-operation between her organization and the OSCE in the area of anti-corruption measures. Finally, Margret Johannsen turns her analytical eye to the question of whether the early CSCE could be a model for conflict management in the Middle East, as a new US initiative suggested early this year.

As always, the OSCE Yearbook contains extensive annexes comprising important OSCE documents, facts and figures on all 55 participating States, a list of recent conferences, meetings and events, and a selected bibliography of current literature.

The OSCE Yearbook 2004 seeks to maintain the balance it has achieved in former years between the perspectives of academics and practitioners. The authors featured this year include leading lights from the worlds of academia and high-ranking politicians and diplomats, some of whom hold important positions within the OSCE or its missions. The contents reflect this mix of objective disinterest and detailed first-hand knowledge and practical relevance.

The OSCE Yearbook is aimed at politicians, policy-makers and decision-makers at all levels, OSCE staff, particularly in the OSCE missions, students and researchers, the general public, and journalists. The intention of the publication is to contribute to the political and academic discussion of European security in national, regional, and international contexts and to create links between academic circles, politics, and the public. Although the Yearbook is not an official OSCE publication, it is strongly supported by the Organization, and particularly the Secretariat in Vienna.

Contact: Ursel Schlichting, M.A. schlichting@ifsh.de Graeme Currie, M.A. currie@ifsh.de

4.2 Other Publications During 2004, CORE staff members published one edited volume, two working papers and 29 essays (cf. Annex 2). CORE Working Papers comprise CORE research reports, policy papers and other texts. They are available both in printed and digital form (on the internet at http://www.core-hamburg.de/english/publications/workingpapers). Subscriptions to the e-mail version are available free of charge. In 2004, the following working papers were published: - CORE/HEI (eds), Confidence-building Measures adopted by the participants of an

informal secular-Islamic dialogue in Tajikistan, Hamburg 2004 (CORE Working Paper 12, in English, Russian and German).

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- Schneider, Patricia/ Tim J. Aristid Müller-Wolf, On the Use of the OSCE Court of Conciliation and Arbitration, Hamburg 2004 (CORE Working Paper 13).

CORE News provides information on current CORE projects, activities and events. CORE News can be downloaded from the CORE website, at: http://www.core-hamburg.de/english/publications/corenews. CORE also publishes an electronic newsletter, which is distributed by e-mail and provides news of recent activities at more frequent intervals. Subscriptions, which are free of charge, may be taken out by sending an e-mail to core@ifsh.de. The Working Group “Public Relations” was established at the start of 2004 in response to the expansion of CORE’s activities in the international arena. It aims to optimize the provision of information on CORE’s work and to improve CORE’s overall public presentation. The working group introduced the electronic newsletter and took part in the process of overhauling the IFSH website.

5. Teaching 5.1 Master of Peace and Security Policy Studies

In the framework of the co-operation network “Peace Research and Security Policy”, under the overall supervision of the IFSH, a postgraduate Master’s Programme on Peace and Security Policy Studies (MPS) was initiated at the University of Hamburg on 1 October 2002. The programme is both practical and interdisciplinary. It combines structured teaching with a learning-by-doing approach to help students acquire the skills needed to work in relevant fields. Highly qualified graduates in the social and natural sciences and the liberal arts from German and foreign universities are introduced to peace and security studies at an advanced level. The course teaches the methods and findings of peace studies and prepares participants for careers in research or international organizations. Members of the co-operation network are: the University of Hamburg (several faculties), the Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg (IFSH), the Hamburg Institute of World Economics (HWWA), the Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict, the Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC), the Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management, the Peace Research Institute Frankfurt (HSFK), the Protestant Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (FEST), the Centre for OSCE Research (CORE); the German Overseas Institute, the International Institute for Politics and Economy/House Rissen, the Institute for Theology and Peace, the Institute for Development and Peace, and the German Armed Forces’ General Staff Academy. The programme is implemented in close co-operation with the institutions mentioned above. During the second semester, the students are divided between these institutes, where they participate in research and write their master’s thesis. The 2004/2005 course is being taken by 20 participants, more than half of whom come from abroad. This year, 15 students are receiving financial assistance from the German Foundation for Peace Research/DSF and four from the German Academic Exchange Service/DAAD, one student is seconded by the German armed forces. Upon

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completion of the programme, the master’s diploma is certified by the University of Hamburg. As in the two previous years, CORE staff members contributed to the MPS teaching programme 2004-05: Andrea Berg and Anna Kreikemeyer offered a compact seminar on “Jenseits von Demokratie – Transformationsprobleme in Zentralasien” [Beyond Democracy – Problems of Transformation in Central Asia.]. Kurt Tudyka lectured, during a study visit of MPS students to the OSCE in Vienna in April 2004, on “OSZE und interinstitutionelle Beziehungen” [The OSCE and Inter-Institutional Relations]. Wolfgang Zellner conducted a seminar on “Europäische Sicherheitspolitik/OSZE” [European security policy/OSCE]. Anna Kreikemeyer also held a compact seminar on “Akademisches Schreiben” [Academic Writing], Katrin Simhandl and Friederike Gräper together with other PhD candidates at the IFSH, offered a practical course on academic skills. Further information: http://www.ifsh.de

5.2 European Master’s Degree in Human Rights and Democratization

In 2004, CORE and other IFSH researchers contributed for the second time to the programme on the European Master’s Degree in Human Rights and Democratisation (E.MA) and hosted three IFSH-based students in their second semester. The E.MA, which is supported by the European Commission, was launched in October 1997 as a multidisciplinary and intensive one-year academic programme that reflects the links between human rights, democracy, peace and development. Led by the University of Padua, it is a joint effort of 29 European universities and research institutes including the University of Hamburg (represented by the IFSH). Frank Evers and Anna Kreikemeyer supervised the master’s theses of two E.MA students.

Contact: Dr. Frank Evers eversfrank@lycos.com Dr. Anna Kreikemeyer annakreikemeyer@gmx.de Dr. Patricia Schneider schneider@ifsh.de

5.3 Lecturing at the OSCE Academy in Bishkek In 2004, CORE once more contributed to the teaching activities of the OSCE Academy in Bishkek. CORE researchers Andrea Berg, Frank Evers, Anna Kreikemeyer, and Delia Rahmonova-Schwarz lectured during the pilot semester and the first full-scale postgraduate master’s programme “Political Science (Central Asia)” in spring 2004 and autumn 2004-5, respectively. Andrea Berg led compact seminars on “The OSCE and Security Policy – Potential and Limits”, “Democratization and Security Building” and “Contemporary Central Asia – the Political, Socio-Economic and Cultural Situation in the Five Central Asian Republics and Afghanistan” in February and September 2004. Frank Evers read two series of eight lectures on “Comparative Advantages and Shortcomings of the OSCE Economic and Environmental Dimension” in May and November 2004. Anna Kreikemeyer held a four-day seminar on “Democratization in Central Asia” from 3-6 May 2004 and on “Basics of Democracy and Democratization Policy” from 8-11 November 2004. Delia Rahmonova-Schwarz provided introductions to “Academic Writing” and

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“Presentation Skills” in February 2004, and lectured on “Religious Radicalization in Central Asia” in April 2004. Contact: Dr. Frank Evers eversfrank@lycos.com Dr. Andrea Berg andrea_berg@yahoo.de

5.4 PhD Programme The IFSH PhD programme was initiated on 1 October 2002. Four out of five PhD students, two of whom are attached to CORE, received a two-year scholarship from the German Foundation for Peace Research (DSF). While their doctoral dissertations are due for completion in 2005, the second part of the programme, comprising another four PhD students (two being attached to CORE), started in November 2004. With this second round of scholarships, the DSF-financed programme comes to an end. However, this should not be taken to imply that CORE will no longer be involved in supporting PhD students: CORE will continue to support the applications of individual PhD students to various sponsoring bodies.

6. Inter-Institutional Co-operation and Conferences 6.1 Inter-Institutional Co-operation and Guests

During 2004, CORE maintained close contact with OSCE institutions, the OSCE Secretariat, several field missions, and the Permanent Missions of a number of OSCE participating States. CORE staff members travelled regularly to Vienna to stay in touch with OSCE actors and to participate in OSCE events. On 27 February, the OSCE Secretariat in Vienna hosted a workshop to present the CORE Report “Working in OSCE Field Missions” to a wider OSCE audience, including ministries of foreign affairs, national recruitment and training agencies, OSCE delegations and representatives of the Secretariat and the missions. The workshop aimed to provide a forum for discussion of the main issues and findings of the report. The Acting Head of CORE, Wolfgang Zellner, gave a presentation on the development of the project, while Annette Legutke, the report’s author, presented the project’s main findings and explained its underlying methodology. On 5 March, the Head of the Permanent Mission of Germany to the OSCE, Ambassador Dr. Dieter Boden, visited the Institute and gave a presentation on “The OSCE after the Maastricht Ministerial”. Ambassador Boden took the opportunity to stress the achievements of the late Director of the IFSH, Prof. Dieter S. Lutz, whose initiative it was to found the Centre for OSCE Research. On 15-16 March, the Acting Head of CORE, Wolfgang Zellner, participated in the OSCE-Japan conference in Tokyo. On 26 April, the Acting Head of CORE, Wolfgang Zellner, and CORE researchers Andrea Berg and Frank Evers participated in a working meeting in Vienna on co-operation between the OSCE Academy in Bishkek and the Central Asia Program of the UN Peace University Costa Rica.

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On 10 May, upon the invitation of the German OSCE Delegation, the Acting Head of CORE, Wolfgang Zellner, and CORE researchers Andrea Berg, Frank Evers, Anna Kreikemeyer and Delia Rahmonova-Schwarz gave a presentation at the Hofburg in Vienna on CORE’s Central Asia-related research, consultancy and mediation activities. The event was attended by the current and future Chairmanships, the Secretary General and representatives of various delegations. During the ODIHR Human Dimension Seminar on “Democratic Institutions and Democratic Governance” in Warsaw on 12-14 May 2004, CORE organized a side event on “Democratization in Central Asia” and presented its research project “Security through Democratization? OSCE democratization Policy in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.” Andrea Berg gave a presentation on “The Fourth Wave of Regime Change – Beyond Democracy-Building in Kyrgyzstan” and Anna Kreikemeyer on “The OSCE as an External Actor in Democratization Support in Central Asia”. The presentations were followed by lively discussions among representatives of OSCE institutions, delegations and NGOs. Between 31 May and 4 June 2004, Kurt Tudyka and Frank Evers participated as members of the German Delegation in the Twelfth Meeting of the OSCE Economic Forum in Prague on “New Challenges for Building up Institutional and Human Capacity for Economic Development and Co-operation”. From May to November 2004, Anna Kreikemeyer acted as a supervsior in the Central Asia Youth Network (CAYN), which was initiated by the OSCE Centre in Tashkent. She worked together with students from Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, who elaborated a joint paper on problems of human trafficking in Central Asia. On June 4, 2004 CORE researcher Andrea Berg took part in a round table initiated by the research department of Renault, Paris. The meeting, which was entitled “Central Asia Monitor”, aimed to provide representatives of various departments of Renault with inside knowledge of the five Central Asian states, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan and their neighbours. On the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the creation of the CSCE/OSCE, CORE will author and publish a booklet on the OSCE Acquis and its development. The project was agreed at two working meetings arranged by Ambassador Aleksi Härkönen, Permanent Representative of Finland to the OSCE, and a number of heads and other representatives of delegations of OSCE participating States with Wolfgang Zellner and Frank Evers in Vienna on 6 September 2004. Following the OSCE Conference on “Tolerance and the Fight against Racism, Xenophobia and Discrimination” in Brussels on 15 September 2004, the Advisory Panel of Experts on Freedom of Religion or Belief (FORB) held its annual meeting in Brussels. This year, Anna Kreikemeyer was invited to present CORE’s FORB-related activities with regard to political Islam in Central Asia. The Advisory Panel places great importance on the dialogue with Islam in the OSCE area. On 2 November, Falk Lange, Senior Adviser to the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities visited CORE and gave a presentation on the recent activities of the HCNM.

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6.2 Conferences and Lectures During 2004, CORE staff members attended some 30 conferences and workshops where they gave lectures or acted as rapporteurs. Host institutions included the OSCE, the Friedrich Ebert Foundation, the European Inter-University Centre for Human Rights and Democratization, The German Armed Forces’ General Staff Academy, the Marshall Center, the Geneva Centre for Security Policy, the Graduate Institute of International Relations (Geneva), the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), and Renault. Andrea Berg

- delivered a keynote speech on “Challenges for Education in Central Asia” at the

OSCE Conference “Education as An Investment into the Future”, Tashkent, 5 April 2004;

- lectured on “Civil Society in Uzbekistan” at the International Symposium “The Post-Soviet Transition in Central Asia”, organized by the International Forum on Inequalities, Multicultures and Ethnic Violence, Cortona, 23-24 April 2004;

- gave a presentation on “The Fourth Wave of Regime Change. Beyond Democracy Building in Kyrgyzstan” at a side event at the ODIHR Human Dimension Seminar “Democratic Institutions and Democratic Governance”, Warsaw, 12-14 May 2004;

- delivered a presentation on “Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan” at the Renault workshop “Central Asia Monitor”, Paris, 4 June 2004;

- gave a lecture on “The Best-Laid Plans – Unintended Outcomes of Development Aid in Central Asia” at the international conference “Multilateral Organizations in the Caucasus and Central Asia”, organized by the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), Oslo, 9-11 June 2004;

- lectured on “Regime Change in Central Asia – Dynastic or Democratic transition?” and on “Bride Kidnapping in Kyrgyzstan” at the “Deutscher Orientalistentag”, Halle, 20-25 September 2004;

- gave a presentation on “External Assistance in the (Re)Construction of Failed States. Tajikistan – Regional Stability as the Priority?” at the first expert workshop of the SEF project series “Development and Failing States”, Berlin, 30 September-2 October 2004.

Frank Evers - contributed with a report on “Utilizing EU Enlargement for OSCE Stability

Building in the South Caucasus” to an international conference on “Multilateral Organizations in the Caucasus and Central Asia”, organized by the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), Oslo, 9-11 June 2004;

- gave a lecture on “The Role of International Institutions in Transforming Societies: Connotations of OSCE Engagement in the South Caucasus for EU Activities in the Region” during a training course on Democratization and Good Governance for EU officials organized by the European Inter-University Centre for Human Rights and Democratization, Venice, 6 October 2004.

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Marietta König - represented the Republic of Turkey as a delegate in the External Discussion Forum

(EDF) “NATO in Conflict Management: The Case of the Caucasus” at the Vienna International Model United Nations (VIMUN), Vienna, 8-12 August 2004.

Anna Kreikemeyer - organized a seminar with Central Asian partners as part of the research project on

“Security through Democratization?” together with Dr. Andrea Berg, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 2-7 February 2004;

- gave a presentation on “Comprehensive Security for Central Asia, The OSCE as an External Actor in Democratization Support in Central Asia” at a side event of the ODIHR Human Dimension Seminar “Democratic Institutions and Democratic Governance”, Warsaw, 12 May 2004;

- lectured on “Problems of OSCE Democratization Policy in Central Asia” at the international conference on Multilateral Organizations in the Caucasus and Central Asia organized by the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), Oslo, 9-11 June 2004;

- gave a presentation on “CORE Activities Related to Freedom of Religion or Belief” at the Meeting of the Advisory Council of the ODIHR Advisory Panel of Experts on Freedom of Religion or Belief, Brussels, 15 September 2004;

- attended the international conference on “Regional Security in Central Asia” organized by the Institute for Political Science at the University of Giessen, the Institute for Strategic and Regional Studies under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and the Friedrich Ebert Foundation, Tashkent, 23-24 September 2004.

Delia Rahmonova-Schwarz - delivered a presentation on “Defining Political Extremism, Assessing the Threat

and Addressing Emerging Trends and Contributory Factors” at the workshop “Combating Extremism in Central Asia” organized by the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), 1 July 2004, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

Solveig Richter - conducted a seminar for master’s students at the Dresden University of

Technology, Chair for International Relations, on the “Role and Function of International Organization in the transition process in Eastern Europe”, summer semester 2004.

Katrin Simhandl - gave a presentation on “‘Western Gypsies and Travellers’ – ‘Eastern Roma’: The

Creation of Political Objects by the Institutions of the European Union”, at the Fifth Pan-European Conference, The Hague, 9-11 September 2004.

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Thorsten Stodiek

- gave a presentation on “The Role of International Police Forces in Peace Operations” at the seminar “Experiences in Peace Operations” organized by the German Commission Justitia et Pax, Bonn, 26-28 March 2004;

- gave a presentation on “The OSCE and the Establishment of Multi-ethnic Police Forces in the Balkans” at a meeting of experts organized by the German Foundation for Peace Research (DSF) and members of the parliamentary party of the SPD, Berlin, 15 June 2004;

- gave a lecture on the “The Role of the OSCE in Eurasian Security” to participants in an officers’ training course organized by the German Armed Forces’ General Staff Academy, Hamburg, 16 November 2004.

Kurt Tudyka - conducted a seminar on “Rolle und Möglichkeiten der OSZE” [Role and Working

Possibilities of the OSCE], at the Karl Theodor Molinari Foundation, Görlitz, 4 May 2004;

- lectured on “Kosovo, the OSCE and the Others – Kosovo-Simulation” in the framework of the European Master’s Degree in Human Rights and Democratization Programme, Venice, 5-6 October 2004.

Wolfgang Zellner - lectured on “The OSCE: Potential and Prospects” at the 19th International Training

Course in Security Policy at the Geneva Centre for Security Policy, 5 January 2004;

- gave a presentation on “Leistungsbilanzen von OSZE- und VN-Missionen. Metho-dische Probleme bei der Untersuchung der Wirksamkeit von Feldoperationen internationaler Organisationen” [Performance Records of OSCE and UN Field Missions. Methodological Problems in Analysing the Effectiveness of Field Operations of International Organizations] at the Colloquium “Globale Strukturen und deren Steuerung” [Global Structures and their Governance] organized by the Evangelische Akademie Loccum, 16 January 2004;

- introduced and chaired a panel on “Eine Konferenz für Sicherheit und Zusammen-arbeit im Kaukasus – eine realistische Perspektive?” [A Conference on Security and Co-operation in the Caucasus – a Realistic Prospect?] at a symposium on “Der Kaukasus als Konfliktregion. Rechtliche und politische Aspekte” [The Caucasus as A Conflict Region. Legal and Political Aspects], organized by Prof. Otto Luchterhandt and Prof. Stefan Oeter, Hamburg, 8-10 July 2004;

- presented a paper on “The Future Development of OSCE Missions” at the conference “The Politico-Military Dimension of the OSCE: Arms Control and Conflict Management Issues”, organized by the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva, 19 September 2004, and at the 6th International Security Forum, Montreux, 5 October 2004;

- delivered a presentation on “Die OSZE: Aktuelle Probleme, Herausforderungen und Chancen” [The OSCE: Problems, Challenges and Opportunities] to a delegation of the Bulgarian Armed Forces’ General Staff Academy at the German Armed Forces’ General Staff Academy, Hamburg, 1 October 2004;

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- gave a lecture on “The role of the OSCE in Eurasian Security” at the Marshall Center, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 15 October;

- delivered the introductory lecture titled “Konflikte: Ursachen, Früherkennung, Austragung, Regelung, Transformation” [Causes, Early Recognition, Forms, Regulation and Transformation of Conflicts], in the cycle of lectures “Mensch.Macht.Frieden” at the University of Hamburg, 21 October 2004;

- moderated a panel on “Scenarios for Co-operative Aerial Observations in Support of Crisis Prevention and Post-Conflict Settlement” at an Informal Seminar on “Perspectives for Co-operative Aerial Observation and the Treaty on Open Skies, organized by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute on 30 November-1 December 2004.

7. Personnel and Financing During 2004, the Acting Head of CORE managed a staff which includes six in-house and five external researchers (cf. Annex 1: CORE staff as of 1 December 2004). In addition, two staff members (one senior researcher/editor, one translator/editor) were responsible for publishing the OSCE Yearbook and another two staff members (one half-time) for documentation and information. There were also 18 researchers working on CORE projects in the countries being analysed. Six PhD students worked on their dissertation projects. The permanent staff is supported by four student research assistants. In the course of the year, seven students completed their internships, which lasted for around six weeks on average (For more information see http://www.core-hamburg.de/english/staff/internship). Less than half of the CORE budget is financed through the IFSH budget. Project financing covers the larger part of expenditure. In the year 2004, CORE projects – including PhD projects – were funded by the German Foreign Office, a group of 16 OSCE participating States, the Volkswagen Foundation, the German Foundation for Peace Research, and the Naumann Foundation.

A major problem for CORE and the IFSH is their lack of office space. In agreement with the Senate of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg the decision was taken to move the IFSH to new premises in the city centre, close to the campus of the University of Hamburg.

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Annex 1: CORE Staff as of 1 December 2004

Name Position e-mail / phone Dr. Berg, Andrea Researcher andrea_berg@yahoo.de ++49 40 866 077 62 Currie, Graeme, M.A. Translator/Editor currie@ifsh.de ++49 40 866 077 33 Dr. Evers, Frank (ext.) Acting Deputy Head of CORE eversfrank@lycos.com

++ 49 3362 75249 Filippov, Daria Graduate Research Assistant dfilippov@web.de ++49 40 866 077 32 Gräper, Friederike, M.A. PhD Student fgraeper@gmx.de ++49 40 866 077 65 Guth, Mirko Graduate Research Assistant mirkoguth@web.de

++ 49 40 866 077 52 Kemppainen-Bertram, Researcher katrituulia@yahoo.com Katri, MSc. (ext.) ++ 49 173 100 6923 König, Marietta, M.A. Researcher marietta.koenig@gmx.de ++ 49 40 866 077 55 Dr. Kreikemeyer, Anna Researcher annakreikemeyer@gmx.de

++49 40 866 077 67 Kropatcheva, Elena, M.A. PhD Student ekropatcheva@list.ru ++49 40 866 077 62 Dr. Legutke, Annette (ext.) Researcher legutke@gmx.net

++49 170 1835 712 Narten, Jens, Dipl.-Sozialwiss. PhD Student jens.narten@web.de ++49 40 866 077 65 Dr. Neukirch, Claus (on leave) Researcher claus.neukirch@web.de Polley, Uwe, Dipl.-Pol. Researcher/Archivist polley@ifsh.de ++49 40 866 077 52 Rahmonova-Schwarz, Researcher schwarzdelia@web.de Delia, M.A. ++49 40 866 077 43 Richter, Solveig, M.A. (ext.) PhD Student solveig.richter@csp-network.org ++49 351 47 67 945 Schlichting, Ursel, M.A. Senior Researcher/Editor schlichting@ifsh.de ++49 40 866 077 32 Ambassador ret. Central Asia Adviser A.u.P.Seifert@t-online.de Dr. Seifert, Arne C. (ext.) ++49 30 4456 709 Šimaityte, Fausta Graduate Research Assistant simaitytef@gmx.de

++49 40 866 077 60 Simhandl, Katrin, M.A. PhD Student katrin.simhandl@gmx.net ++49 40 866 077 65 Dr. Stodiek, Thorsten Researcher stodiek@ifsh.de ++49 40 866 077 85 Trespalacios, Veronica, B.A. Editor/Translator vtres@web.de ++49 40 866 077 52 Prof. Dr. Tudyka, Kurt P. (ext.) Senior Researcher tudyka.kurt@t-online.de ++ 49 228 335 108 Vetterlein, Merle, Dipl.-Pol. PhD Student merlevetterlein@web.de ++49 40 866 077 65 Walter, Carsten Graduate Research Assistant walter@ifsh.de ++49 40 866 077 52 Dr. Zellner, Wolfgang Acting Head of CORE zellner@ifsh.de Acting Dep. Director of IFSH ++49 40 866 077 63

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Annex 2: Publications by CORE Staff Members in 2004 Berg, Andrea: - Wer hat Angst vor George Soros? Die Auseinandersetzung zwischen autoritären Macht-

habern und internationalen Organisationen in Zentralasien, in: Vierteljahreszeitschrift für Sicherheit und Frieden (S+F), Vol. 22 (2004), No. 4 (forthcoming).

- Dynastie oder Demokratie? Die Personalisierung des Staates in Zentralasien, in: Welt-

trends, No. 4/2004, pp. 49-58. - Bildung in Zentralasien. Aktuelle Trends und Chancen für umfassende Sicherheit, in:

Institut für Friedensforschung und Sicherheitspolitik an der Universität Hamburg/IFSH (ed.), OSZE-Jahrbuch 2004, Baden-Baden 2004, pp. 349-359.

- Two Worlds Apart. The Lack of Integration between Women’s Informal Networks and

Nongovernmental Organizations in Uzbekistan, in: Kathleen Kuehnast/Carol Nechemias (eds), Post-Soviet Women Encountering Transition. Nation Building, Economic Survival, and Civic Activism, Baltimore/London 2004, pp. 195-216.

- Wie sicher ist die Seidenstraße? Stabilitätsgefährdungen in Zentralasien, in: Christoph

Weller/Ulrich Ratsch/Reinhard Mutz/Bruno Schoch/Corinna Hauswedell (eds), Friedens-gutachten 2004, Münster 2004, pp. 98-106 (co-authored with Anna Kreikemeyer and Delia Rahmonova-Schwarz).

Evers, Frank: - Regionale Interessen an der Erhaltung und Diversifizierung von OSZE-Feldoperationen:

Unterstützung für einen Trend, in: Institut für Friedensforschung und Sicherheitspolitik an der Universität Hamburg/IFSH (ed.), OSZE-Jahrbuch 2004, Baden-Baden 2004, pp. 479-499 (co-authored with Wolfgang Zellner).

- Economic Issues and Ethnopolitical Tension: The Example of the Region of Samtskhe-

Javakheti in Georgia, in: European Centre for Minority Issues (ed.), European Yearbook of Minority Issues, Vol. 3 (2003/2004), (forthcoming).

- New forms and support structures of OSCE field operations, in: Helsinki Monitor, Vol. 15

(2004), No. 2, pp. 91-102 (co-authored with Wolfgang Zellner, Claus Neukirch and Wolfgang Sporrer).

Gräper, Friederike: - European Media Development – New Competencies through the Back Door?, paper

presented at the Network Conference 2004 “New Directions in European Media” of the European Sociological Association, Thessaloniki, 5-7 November 2004.

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König, Marietta: - Georgia, in: Wolfgang Gieler/Kemal Inat (eds), Handbook of Foreign

Politics (forthcoming). - Der georgisch-südossetische Konflikt, in: Institut für Friedensforschung und Sicher-

heitspolitik an der Universität Hamburg/IFSH (ed.), OSZE-Jahrbuch 2004, Baden-Baden 2004, pp. 253-266.

- Georgien, in: Michael Neu/Wolfgang Gieler/Jürgen Bellers (eds), Handbuch der

Außenwirtschaftspolitiken: Staaten und Organisationen. Afrika, Amerika, Asien, Europa, Ozeanien, Reihe: Politik: Forschung und Wissenschaft, Vol. 8, Münster 2004 (co-authored with Wolfgang Gieler).

Kreikemeyer, Anna: - Learning by Doing – The OSCE in Central Asia, in: NIASnytt, Asia Insights, No. 2, June

2004, pp.2-3, 24, at: http://www.nias.ku.dk/nytt/2004_2/NIASnytt2_2004.pdf. - Wie sicher ist die Seidenstraße? Stabilitätsgefährdungen in Zentralasien, in: Christoph

Weller/Ulrich Ratsch/Reinhard Mutz/Bruno Schoch/Corinna Hauswedell (eds), Friedens-gutachten 2004, Münster 2004, pp. 98-106 (co-authored with Andrea Berg and Delia Rahmonova-Schwarz).

Narten, Jens: - Menschenrechtsschutz in internationalen Mandatsgebieten und seine strukturellen Wider-

sprüche am Beispiel des Kosovo, in: General Secretariat of the German Red Cross/Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict (eds), Humanitäres Völkerrecht, Informationsschriften (HUV-I), Vol. 17, No. 3, 2004, pp. 144-151.

- Human Rights Protection and Its Contradictions in Peacekeeping Areas: Lessons Learnt

From Kosovo. Working Paper at the international conference on “Human Rights in Europe. A Fragmented Regime?”, organized by IPOSS, Amnesty International, and the German Institute for Human Rights at the University of Hannover, 17-18 September 2004.

Neukirch, Claus: - New forms and support structures of OSCE field operations, in: Helsinki Monitor, Vol. 15

(2004), No. 2, pp. 91-102 (co-authored with Wolfgang Zellner, Frank Evers and Wolfgang Sporrer).

Rahmonova-Schwarz, Delia: - (ed.), Compromise, Confidence Building and Co-operative Coexistence between Islamists

and Secularists – The Tajik Experiment, Baden-Baden 2005 (co-edited with Jean-Nicolas Bitter, Frédérique Guérin and Arne C. Seifert, forthcoming).

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- Reform of Religious Education: A Road to Compromise?, in: Jean-Nicolas Bitter/Frédérique Guérin/Delia Rahmonova-Schwarz/Arne C. Seifert (eds), Compromise, Confidence Building and Co-operative Coexistence between Islamists and Secularists – The Tajik Experiment, Baden-Baden 2005, pp. 255-267, (forthcoming).

- Tadschikistan, in: Udo Steinbach/Marie Carin von Gumppenberg (eds), Zentralasien:

Geschichte – Politik – Wirtschaft, München 2005, pp. 258-267 (co-authored with Florian Schwarz, forthcoming).

- Wie sicher ist die Seidenstraße? Stabilitätsgefährdungen in Zentralasien, in: Christoph

Weller/Ulrich Ratsch/Reinhard Mutz/Bruno Schoch/Corinna Hauswedell (eds), Friedens-gutachten 2004, Münster 2004, pp. 98-106 (co-authored with Andrea Berg and Anna Kreikemeyer).

Richter, Solveig: - Die OSZE-Mission in Kroatien – Sprungbrett nach Europa, in: Institut für Friedens-

forschung und Sicherheitspolitik an der Universität Hamburg/IFSH (ed.), OSZE-Jahrbuch 2004, Baden-Baden 2004, pp. 101-114.

- (ed.), Die politischen Systeme Osteuropas, Opladen 2004, 2nd revised edition (co-edited

with Wolfgang Ismayr). Seifert, Arne C.: - (ed.), Compromise, Confidence Building and Co-operative Coexistence between Islamists

and Secularists – The Tajik Experiment, Baden-Baden 2005 (co-edited with Jean-Nicolas Bitter/Frédérique Guérin/Delia Rahmonova-Schwarz, forthcoming).

- On the Benefits of Confidence-building between Islamists and Secularists, in: Jean-

Nicolas Bitter/Frédérique Guérin/Delia Rahmonova-Schwarz/Arne C. Seifert (eds), Compromise, Confidence Building and Co-operative Coexistence between Islamists and Secularists – The Tajik Experiment, Baden-Baden 2005, pp. 13-32 (forthcoming).

- Die Aussöhnung zwischen Europa und dem Islam in Eurasien, in: Institut für Friedens-

forschung und Sicherheitspolitik an der Universität Hamburg/IFSH (ed.), OSZE-Jahrbuch 2004, Baden-Baden 2004, pp. 317-333.

- Vertrauensbildende Maßnahmen zwischen Säkularisten und Islamisten am Beispiel Tad-

schikistans, in: Reinhard Möller (ed.), Islamismus und Terroristische Gewalt, Bibliotheca Academica, Reihe Orientalistik, Vol. 8, Würzburg 2004, pp.125-152.

- Primirenije Evropy i Islama v Evrasii, Vostok (Oriens), Moskva, No. 5, 2004 (co-authored

with Irina Zviagelskaja).

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Simhandl, Katrin: - “Western Gypsies and Travellers” – “Eastern Roma”: The Creation of Political Objects by

the Institutions of the European Union, paper presented at the Fifth Pan-European Conference, The Hague, 9-11 September 2004.

Sporrer, Wolfgang: - New forms and support structures of OSCE field operations, in: Helsinki Monitor, Vol. 15

(2004), No. 2, pp. 91-102 (co-authored with Wolfgang Zellner, Frank Evers and Claus Neukirch).

Stodiek, Thorsten: - International Police Forces in Peace Operations, in: Harvey Langholtz/Boris

Kondoch/Alan Wells (eds), International Peacekeeping: The Yearbook of International Peace Operations, Vol. 10 (2004), pp. 93-107 (forthcoming).

- Die OSZE und der Aufbau multiethnischer Polizeien auf dem Balkan, in: Deutsche Stif-

tung Friedensforschung (ed.), Impulse für Friedensforschung und Politik. Stand und Wei-terentwicklung der Stiftungsaktivitäten, Forum DSF No. 2, Osnabrück 2004, pp. 51-56.

- Nachkrieg auf dem Balkan: Die Rolle internationaler Polizeimissionen bei der

Friedenskonsolidierung, in: Christopher Weller/Ulrich Ratsch/Reinhard Mutz/Bruno Schoch/Corinna Hauswedell (eds), Friedensgutachten 2004, Münster 2004, pp. 193-201.

- The Police Component of Post-conflict Security Sector Reform, in: ZEI (ed.), SOE-

Monitor: Security Sector Reform in South Eastern Europe, Vol. 4, No. 1/2004, at: http://www.zei.de.

Tudyka, Kurt: - Kingdom of the Netherlands, in. Wolfgang Gieler (ed.), World Foreign Politics,

Istanbul/New York 2004 (forthcoming). - Der niederländische Vorsitz zwischen Porto und Maastricht, in: Institut für Friedens-

forschung und Sicherheitspolitik an der Universität Hamburg/IFSH (ed.), OSZE-Jahrbuch 2004, Baden-Baden 2004, pp. 465-477.

- (ed.), Dem Frieden dienen, Baden-Baden 2004 (together with Hans-Joachim Giessmann). - Auf der Suche nach dem Westen, in: Kurt P. Tudyka/Hans-Joachim Giessmann (eds),

Dem Frieden dienen, Baden-Baden 2004, pp. 258-275. - Politikwissenschaft als Demokratiewissenschaft, in: Helmut Kramer (ed.), Demokratie

und Kritik. 40 Jahre Politikwissenschaft in Österreich, Wien 2004, pp. 113-125.

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Zellner, Wolfgang: - Regionale Interessen an der Erhaltung und Diversifizierung von OSZE-Feldoperationen:

Unterstützung für einen Trend, in: Institut für Friedensforschung und Sicherheitspolitik an der Universität Hamburg/IFSH (ed.), OSZE-Jahrbuch 2004, Baden-Baden 2004, pp. 479-499 (co-authored with Frank Evers).

- New forms and support structures for OSCE field operations, in: Helsinki Monitor, Vol.

15 (2004), No. 2, pp. 91-102 (co-authored with Frank Evers, Claus Neukirch and Wolfgang Sporrer).

- Europäische Rüstungskontrolle, eine Geisel subregionaler Konflikte? Zur Ratifizierung

des angepassten KSE-Vertrags, in: Christoph Weller/Ulrich Ratsch/Reinhard Mutz/Bruno Schoch/Corinna Hauswedell (eds), Friedensgutachten 2004, Münster 2004, pp. 227-233 (co-authored with Hans-Joachim Schmidt).

- Asymmetric Security in Europe and the Tasks of the OSCE, in: Institute for Peace

Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg/IFSH (ed.), OSCE Yearbook 2003, Baden-Baden 2004, pp. 61-73.

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