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7/27/2019 Anthropometric Measurements Majed Awad
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Anthropometric Measurements
By Majed Awad
7/27/2019 Anthropometric Measurements Majed Awad
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Introduction With the increased objective of creating more
efficient man-machine systems, the need to
collect extensive anthropometric databecomes more important.
Consequences of designing systems that donot accommodate for user populations
include user fatigue, task inefficiency and aregenerally inconvenient.
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Articles Presented T.J. Galloway and M.J. Fitzgibbon (1991).
Some anthropometric measures on an Irish
population. Applied ergonomics 1991,22.1, 9-12.
M.H. Al-Haboubi. Anthropometry for a mix of different populations. Applied ergonomics
1990, vol. 23.
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Summary (Gallwey and
Fitzgibbon)Population studied
164 males
Mean age 29.2
Age range 17 – 58
Wore normal work
clothes except for jackets and shoes
Apparatus
Harpenden
anthropometer
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Dimensions Measured
(Gallwey and Fitzgibbon) Data for 11 dimensions relevant to
workplace design were collected:
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Dimensions Measured1. Body mass: subject stood
erect on a medical scalereading to 0.1kg.
2.
Stature: subject stooderect heels together,looked straight ahead,arms hung loose at thesides.
3. Popliteal height: subject
sat erect on the bench,feet height was adjusted tobring thighs horizontal andparallel, lower legs vertical – vertical height from footsurface to top surface of
bench.
4. Knee height: subject sameas (3) – vertical heightfrom foot surface tosuperior aspect of rightpatella.
5. Thigh clearance height: subject same as (3) – vertical height from topsurface of bench to the
junction of thigh andabdomen.
6. Buttock-knee length: subject same as (3) – horizontal distance fromblock held against
rearmost part of buttocksto edge of right patella.
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Dimensions Measured7. Buttock-Popliteal length:
as for (6) – horizontallength to front edge of bench.
8. Buttock breadth – seated: as for (3) – horizontalwidth across the greatestlateral protrusion on eachside of the buttocks.
9. Sitting height –
normal: subject sat normallyrelaxed on the benchhands in lap, lookingstraight ahead – verticalheight from top surface of
bench to top middle part of the head.
10. Sitting height – erect: subject sat as in (9) – helped if necessary by agentle push in the sacralarea of the back
–vertical
height as in 10.
11. Elbow – elbow breadth: subject sat erect, upperarms hanging at sides,
lower arms extendedhorizontally, palms facingeach other, elbows held astightly as possible to thesides – maximumhorizontal distance across
lateral surface of theelbows.
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Results (Gallwey and Fitzgibbon)No. Dimension Min Max Mean SD Cov (%) Mean (U.S. data) sig diff
1Mass (kg) 47.2 95.8 73.9 8.7 11.7 76.2 0.025
2Stature 1562 1896 1730.8 58 3.4 1732 NS
3Popliteal height 347 512 397 34 8.6 439.5 0.00054Knee height 426 578 508.4 28 5.4 541 0.0005
5Thigh clearance height 117 192 152.7 16 10.3 144.8 0.0005
6Buttock-knee length 473 675 600.1 28 4.7 591.8 0.0005
7Buttock-popliteal length 415 543 486.1 24 4.8 492.8 0.01
8Buttock breadth - seated 295 409 355.3 25 7.1 355.6 NS9Sitting height - normal 301 564 454.3 53 11.7 421.6 0.0005
10Sitting height - erect 782 944 872.9 33 3.7 879.7 0.025
11Elbow - elbow breadth 830 997 911.3 30 3.3 918.4 0.025
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Comparisons With U.S. Population
(Gallwey and Fitzgibbon) Compared with U.S. Survey, Stoudt (1965)
Found that on most dimensions, there were significantdifferences in the anthropometric measurements.
Differences due to:1. For U.S. data, only 5th and 95%tiles were available. Thus
assumed that these points were 3.29 standard deviations fromthe means of a normal distribution.
2. Differences in clothing - U.S. subjects stripped to the waist,
emptied their pockets and wore short gowns.
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Summary (Al-Haboubi)Population studied
408 males
Mean age 27
Age range 22 - 59
Subject dressed in
light fabric clothingand did not wearshoes
Apparatus
University designed
anthropometricdevice consisting of sliding vertical andhorizontal
dimensional scales.
Sliding bench.
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Population Studied (Al-Haboubi1990) When designing for a
certain population, age,sex, or race should not beused as the base for theuser population (al-Haboubi1990).
The collective mixture of people who may havedifferent sex, age, race or
occupation should beidentified as the userpopulation andanthropometric designsshould be based on their
characteristics as onegroup.
Sample of Eastern nationalities used in study
Nationality Number of Subjects
Afghan 5
Bahraini 21
Bangladeshi 7
Indian 30Indonesian 4
Iranian 8
Iraqi 11
Jordanian 21
Kuwati 20
Lebanese 11
Omani 12
Pakistani 26
Palestinian 21
Qatari 9
Saudi 124
Srilankan 8
Syrian 26
Turkish 8
United Arab Emirates 16
Yemeni 20
Sample Size 408
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Dimensions Measured Data for 19 body dimensions relevant to the design of chairs
were measured:Statistics of anthropometric measurement of Easterners
Variables Mean Sd 5th 50th 95thWeight 696 117 530 690 930
Stature 1705 67 1600 1702 1822
Max body depth 249 33 206 250 310
Arm reach 754 45 680 750 830
Buttock-popliteal length 482 34 430 480 540
Max body breadth 482 34 430 480 540
Sitting height 870 37 810 870 925
Hip breadth (sitting) 372 34 320 370 430
Buttock-leg length 1044 49 970 1040 1130Knee height (sitting) 539 27 500 540 585
Popliteal height (sitting) 408 10 398 400 430
Thigh clearance height (sitting) 155 21 120 154 190
Forearm-hand length 463 27 420 460 500
Elbow height (sitting) 219 24 170 220 250
Buttock-knee length 591 35 530 590 650
hand length 182 10 170 180 200
Hand breadth 102 7 90 100 110
Foot length 234 13 210 230 250Foot breadth 100 8 90 100 110
Percentile
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Results (Al-Haboubi1990) Most of the body dimensions followed normal
distribution.
Weight, max body depth, buttock –
Popliteal length,max body breadth, thigh clearance, elbow height,and hand breadth all deviate from normality.
Reason cited: sample was drawn from non-homogeneous mix of nationalities.
Thus %tiles for these dimensions were found bycounting.
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Comparisons to Other
Populations (Al-haboubi1990) Compared stature, weight, sitting height
between easterners and those countries that
export man-machine systems to Saudi. Found that there are statistically significant
differences in almost all comparisons.
Caution must be taken when developingcountries import systems such as elevatorsfrom other countries.
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Comparing the articles Measurements were taken with different postures.
Al-Haboubi focused on chair design postures, Gallweyand Fitzgibbon focused on worker postures.
Gallwey and Fitzgibbon focused their study on a localhomogeneous male population with wide age range.
Al-Haboubi focused his study on a local non-homogeneous population with a wide age range.
No females were used in either study.
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Limitations (Gallwey and Fitzgibbon) Static anthropometric data collected.
-Limited application to real-world
working postures. Comparisons based on statistical estimations
and thus are not highly accurate.
Assumed U.S. Data followed a normal
distribution. As al-Haboubi demonstrated,this assumption depends on anotherassumption: population being studied ishomogeneous.
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Limitations (Al-Haboubi) Did not state how body dimensions
were measured.
No comparison made to homogeneouslocal population.
Limited comparison with other
populations (only examined stature,weight and sitting height).
No females used in study.
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Future studies Collect functional anthropometric data for
homogeneous and non-homogenouspopulations.
Collect anthropometric data for different agegroups to see whether there is a significantdifference.
Possibly find reach envelopes for populationsfor use in systems design.
Include females in study.
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Questions