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Anxiety
Is a vague uneasy feeling of
discomfort or dread
accompanied by an autonomicresponse
A feeling of apprehension
caused by anticipation of anger. Response to stress.
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TYPES OF ANXIETY
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Perception
Mild
-increased
Moderate
-selective inattention
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Perception
Severe
-distorted perception
-may experience presence
of hallucinations and
delusions Panic
-disorganized
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Physiologic
Severe
-severe
headache-nausea
-diarrhea-trembling
-vertigo
-pale
-tachycardia-chestpain
-increasedBP,RR,PR
-dilated pupil
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Physiologic
Panic
-may bolt and run
-totally immobile and mute
-dilated pupils
-increased BP and PR-flight/fight or freeze
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Behavioral
Mild
-alert
-energetic
-confident
-enhance learning
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Behavioral
Moderate
-difficulty in concentrating
-easily distracted
-decreased span of attention
-increased rate in speech-pacing
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Behavioral
Severe
Difficulty focusing
even with
assistance.
Ineffective
reasoning and
problem solving
Disorientation
Loud and rapid
speech
Confused
communication
Crying Inability to think
abstractly
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Behavioral
Panic
Immobilization
Out of contactwith reality
Hysterical or
mute
Disorganized or
irrational
reasoning
Desperation
and may result
to suicide
Feeling
overwhelmed
and out of
control
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Anxiety disorders
Diagnosed when anxiety
becomes chronic and
impairs individuals majorfunctions resulting to
maladaptive behavior and
emotional disability.
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TYPES OF ANXIETYDISORDER
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Phobia
Is an illogical, intense,
persistent fear of a specific
object or a social situationthat causes extreme
distress and interferes with
normal functioning.
Onset-adolescent
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Social phobia
fear of being humiliated or embarrassed so
they avoid social situations.
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SPECIFIC PHOBIA-persistent irrational fear other than the
above
Arachnophobia
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Acrophobiafear of heights
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Specific Phobia
Zoophobia- animals
Genophobia-dirt
Androphobia-man
Acrophobia-height Pyrophobia-fire
Xenophobia-
strangers
Ailurophobia-cats Belonophobia-needle
Hematophobia-blood
Nyctophobia-dark
Xynophobia-woman
Kaikorrhaphobia-
failure
Claustrophobia-
enclosed places
Mysophobia-
contamination or
germs
Ochlophobia-crowds
Pathophobia-disease
Astraphobia-storms,
thunder and lightning
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Nursing Intervention
Systematic desensitization-gradually expose
client to the feared object in a safe setting until
the clients anxiety decreases
Flooding- abrupt exposure to the feared object,
rapid desensitization
Help client to describe her feelings prior to a
response for a phobic object.
Help client identify alternative coping strategies.
Practice relaxation technique with the client.
Teach client about medications as part of the
treatment plan.
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Panic Disorder
Composed of discrete episodesof panic attacks, 15-30 minutes
of rapid, intense, escalating
anxiety in which the personexperiences great emotional
fear as well as physiologic
discomfort.
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Panic Disorder
Onset- young adult and rarely
begins after age 35
More common in women than men.
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At least one of the attacks has been
followed by one month of the ff.
symptoms
1.Persistent concern of having
additional attacks
2.Worry about consequences
3.Significant change in behavior
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Nursing Intervention
Provide a safe environment and ensure
clients privacy during an attack
Remain with the client during a panic
attack Help client to focus on deep breathing
Talk to the client in a calm reassuring
voice. Cognitive-behavioral technique
Deep breathing and relaxation
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Generalized Anxiety
Disorder
Characterized by chronic
anxiety interfering with dailylife
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Nursing Intervention
Stay with the client and provide support.
Keep demands on the client to a
minimum.
Limit environmental stimuli
Encourage physical activity to release
energy.
Teach client about medications as partof the treatment plan.
Assist the client in performing relaxation
exercise.
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Post-traumatic Stress
Disorder
Development of characteristic
symptoms after exposure totraumatic life experience
Duration-may last few monthsor years
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Acute Stress Disorders
Development of anxiety,
dissociation and other
symptoms within one monthof exposure to an extremely
traumatic stressors
Lasts from 2 days to 4
weeks
Symptoms of Post-Traumatic
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Symptoms of Post-TraumaticStress Disorder/Acute Stress
Disorder
1.Persistently re-experiencing the
events
2.Increased arousal
3.Avoidance of stimuli associated
with trauma
Categories that may cause post-
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Categories that may cause post-
traumatic disorders/acute stress
disorder
1.Natural disaster
2.Accidental man-made disasters
3.Intentional man-made disasters
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Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder
Repetitive thoughts and acts
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Obsession
Refers to recurrent
persistent ideas,thoughts, images or
impulse that are
experience as
intrusive and
senseless.
Compulsive
Ritualistic behavior
that the individualfeels compelled to
perform
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Impulse Control Disorder
Intense drive
Psychodynamic1.A cry for help
2.Need attention and love
3.Need to release anger
4.Learned theory
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Types of Impulse Control
Disorder
Kleptomania-intense drive to steal
Megalomania-intense drive to
acquire power Pyromania-intense drive to set fire
Trichotillamania-intense drive to
pull someones hair
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Nursing Intervention
1.Reduce anxiety
2.Redirect clients attention away
from self3.Use empathy
4.Increase socialization activities
5.Set limit on patients
unacceptable behavior