Apparel Quality Management Session

8/3/2019 Apparel Quality Management Session

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Session 1

What is Quality?

Importance of Quality

History of Quality & Evolution


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` Websters defines QULAITY as Essential nature; atrait ; characteristic, relatively considered.

` ASQC defines QUALITY as a systematic approachto the search for excellence.

` Quality can also mean any of the following:

The degree of excellence than an item possess

Being the best money can buy Meeting a specification Craftsmanship No more than 1 % defective lotAnything Japanese


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` As per David Garvin there are eight dimensions of

Quality:

Performance

Features Reliability

Conformance

Durability

Serviceability

Aesthetics and

perceived quality


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1. Performance primary operating characteristics, e.g. picture clarity

2. Features supplement characteristics, e.g. free drinks on a

plane3. Reliability

probability of a products failing within a specifiedperiod of time

4. Conformance internal and external design and operating

characters match standars, e.g. repairs underwarranty


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5. Durability a measure of product life, e.g. a light bulb

6. Serviceability speed, courtecy and compentence of repair, e.g. 48-

hours delivery of repair parts

7. Aesthetics look, feeling, sound, taste, etc.

8. Perceived Quality consumers subjective measure, e.g. ranking brands


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Further definition of Quality can be:

Product Based

User Based

Manufacturing BasedValue Based


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` Views quality as a precise and measurable

variable

` Difference in quality whetherlow and high reflect

difference in some of the product feature i.e.differences in quantity of some ingredient or

attribute possessed by the product.


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` Whatever the customer says or wants

` It also implies to meeting or exceeding customers

requirements and expectations

` From customer satisfaction to customer delight.


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` Meeting specifications

` Conformance to requirements

` Any deviation from meeting requirements means

poor quality


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` Takes into consideration the price of a product or

service


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` Fitness for Use: combination of the

characteristics or properties of a product which

make that product usable

` The extent to which the product serves thepurpose of the user is called its fitness for use

` Dr. Juran has come up with this concept in 50s

` Widely used concept


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` As, the totality of features and characteristics of

a product or service that bear on its ability to

satisfy stated or implied needs.


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` Greater market share

` Higher earnings

` Loyal customers

` Higher growth rate` Premium price

` Highly motivated employees


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` From Inspection to TQM

During the earlier days of manufacturing the

operators work was inspected and decision

made whether to inspect or reject. As the businessbecame larger , so too did this role and full time

inspection jobs were created.

Accompanying the creation of inspection functions

other problems arose:1.More technical problems occurred, requiring

specialized skill, often not possessed by

production workers.


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` Lack of training with inspectors

` Inspectors were ordered to accept defective goods

in order to increase output

` Skilled workers promoted to higher jobs, leavingunskilled operators to perform the operational jobs

These problems led to the birth of separate

Inspection department with chief inspector

With the creation of new department there camethe new services and issues


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` Standards , training, recording of data and

accuracy of measuring equipments.

` Thus the responsibility of Chief inspector was

more than product acceptance and need toaddress defect prevention emerged.

` Emergence of Quality Control department with

responsibilities of inspection services and quality

control engineering.` In 1920s , the concept of Statistical sampling has

come during war time by Shewhart.


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` After world war II, Japans industrial system was

virtually destroyed and it had a reputation for

cheap imitation product and illiterate work force.

Japan identified this problem and set aboutsolving them with some reputed quality gurus

Juran, Deming.

` In 1950s Quality Management practices has

developed in Japans plants.` In 1969 , first international conference on Quality

control, sponsored by Japan, America and Europe

held in Tokyo.


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` In a paper given by Feigenbaum, the term total

quality was used for the first time, and referred to

wider issues such as planning, organisation and

management responsibility.` Ishikawa gave a paper explaining how total

quality control in Japan was different, it meaning

company wide quality control, and describing

how all employees, from top management to theworkers, must study and

` participate in quality control.


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` The quality revolution in the West was slow to

follow, and did not begin until the early 1980s,

` The British Standard (BS) 5750 for quality

systems had been published in 1979, and in 1983the National Quality Campaign was launched,

using BS5750 as its main theme. The aim was to

bring to the attention of

industry the importance of quality forcompetitiveness and survival in the world market

place.


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` TQM is now part of a much wider concept that

addresses overall organisational performance and

recognises the importance of processes.


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` Quality Management : That aspect of the overall

management function that determines and

implements the quality policy.

` Quality System : The organizational structure,responsibilities, procedures, processes, and

resources for implementing quality management.

` Quality Plan :A document setting out the specific

quality practices, resources, and activities relevantto particular product, service, contract or project.


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` Quality Policy: The overall intentions and

directions of an organization as regards quality as

formally expressed by top management` To increase the Production from the existing level every year.

` Continuous improvement

` Productivity

` Waste elimination

` House keeping

` To make employees multiskilled through training and development.

`

To maintain and improve Workorder throughput time` To reduce seconds percentage


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` Quality Assurance :All those planned and

systematic actions necessary to provide adequate

confidence that a product or service will satisfy

given requirements for quality.` Quality Control : The operational techniques and

the activities used to fulfill requirements of quality.

` Inspection :Activities like measuring, examining,

one or more characteristics of product and thencomparing with specified requirements to

determine conformity.


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` Quality is inherent in a product and is incorporated

into the product during product development ,

production and marketing.

` Quality Assurance considers not only the quality offinished product , but also the actions and

interaction of the departments, materials, and

processes involved in production.


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` Meeting the specifications/ Conformance to

specifications

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Apparel Quality Management Session

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