Appendix G. Supplementary Material to Support Chapter 7 · 2014. 11. 12. · Appendix table G1....

Appendix G. Supplementary Material to Support Chapter 7 Table G1 presents tilt volume, eruption efficiency, and magma supply rate from 1983 to 2008.

Figures G1–G3 present 1-year time series plots between 1 February 1982 and 1 February 2008 showing details of numbers of both

short- and long-period earthquakes shown in text figures.

Figures G4–G7 present time series plot of earthquake swarms and plots of earthquake locations for the events of Stage IA.

Figures G8–G15 present time series plots of earthquake swarms and plots of earthquake locations for the events of Stage IB.

Figures G16–G24 present time series plot of earthquake swarms and plots of earthquake locations for the events of Stage IIA.

Figures G25–G49 present time series plot of earthquake swarms and plots of earthquake locations for the events of Stage IIB.

Figures G50–G82 present time series plot of earthquake swarms and plots of earthquake locations for the events of Stage III.

Appendix table G1. Tilt volume, eruption efficiency and magma supply rate 1983-2008 Cycle Event1 beg date end date Dt (yr) Tmag

2 Taz Tvol3 Evol

4 Eeff5 msr6 Comment

Stage IA Puʻu ʻŌʻo Puʻu ʻŌʻo def 1/2/1983 1/14/1983 45.6 118.67 0.0205 def rotates cw 1/3/1983 1/8/1983 86.2 133.78 0.0387 1/9/1983 1/14/1983 8.8 160.97 0.0040 sum 0.0632 Episode 1 E 1/3/1983 1/23/1983 0.0112 0.177 2/24/1983 3/3/1983 13.9 117.1 0.0063 Episode 2 E 2/10/1983 2/25/1983 0.0112 1.790 3/27/1983 4/9/1983 33.7 124.91 0.0152 Episode 3 E 3/21/1983 3/28/1983 0.0304 2.006 6/12/1983 6/17/1983 16.2 112.93 0.0073 Episode 4 E 6/13/1983 6/17/1983 0.0088 1.205 6/30/1983 7/3/1983 9.3 119.74 0.0042 Episode 5 6/29/1983 7/3/1983 0.0104 2.485 7/22/1983 7/25/1983 16.7 116.57 0.0075 Episode 6 7/22/1983 7/25/1983 0.0072 0.957 8/15/1983 8/18/1983 19.7 116.94 0.0089 Episode 7 8/15/1983 8/17/1983 0.0112 1.265 9/5/1983 9/7/1983 14.8 116.57 0.0067 Episode 8 9/6/1983 9/7/1983 0.0064 0.959 9/15/1983 9/17/1983 16.2 115.2 0.0073 Episode 9 9/15/1983 9/17/1983 0.0064 0.876 10/5/1983 10/7/1983 16.9 107.82 0.0076 Episode 10 10/5/1983 10/7/1983 0.0112 1.472 11/5/1983 11/8/1983 21.1 109.92 0.0095 Episode 11 11/5/1983 11/7/1983 0.0096 1.010

11/30/1983 12/2/1983

24.6 110.56 0.0111

Episode 12 11/30/1983 12/1/1983

0.0064 0.578

1/19/1984 1/23/1984 13.9 110.7 0.0062 Episode 13 1/20/1984 1/22/1984 0.0080 1.283 1/29/1984 2/1/1984 12.1 112.31 0.0055 Episode 14 1/30/1984 1/31/1984 0.0048 0.881 2/12/1984 2/17/1984 15.7 110.43 0.0070 Episode 15 2/14/1984 2/15/1984 0.0064 0.909 3/3/1984 3/5/1984 18.2 104.7 0.0082 Episode 16 3/3/1984 3/4/1984 0.0096 1.174 3/30/1984 3/31/1984 14.6 109.6 0.0066 Episode 17 3/30/1984 3/31/1984 0.0080 1.219 4/18/1984 4/22/1984 30.1 111.9 0.0135 Episode 18 4/18/1984 4/21/1984 0.0192 1.418

5/14/1984 5/18/1984 8.6 126.87 0.0039 Episode 19 5/16/1984 5/18/1984 0.0016 0.412 6/6/1984 6/11/1984 21.6 124.11 0.0097

Cycle Event1 beg date end date Dt (yr) Tmag2 Taz Tvol

3 Evol4 Eeff

5 msr6 Comment Episode 20 6/7/1984 6/8/1984 0.0032 0.330 6/30/1984 7/1/1984 12.7 107.2 0.0057 Episode 21 6/30/1984 6/30/1984 0.0046 0.801 7/7/1984 7/10/1984 11.3 117.22 0.0051 Episode 22 7/8/1984 7/9/1984 0.0063 1.227 7/28/1984 7/29/1984 16.2 112.93 0.0073 Episode 23 7/28/1984 7/29/1984 0.0076 1.041 8/19/1984 8/21/1984 12.0 117.18 0.0054 Episode 24 8/19/1984 8/20/1984 0.0093 1.723 9/19/1984 9/20/1984 20.9 114.44 0.0094 Episode 25 9/19/1984 9/20/1984 0.0089 0.945 11/2/1984 11/4/1984 9.9 112.11 0.0045 Episode 26 11/2/1984 11/2/1984 0.0053 1.181 11/19/1984 11/20/1984 10.5 105.95 0.0047 Episode 27 11/20/1984 11/20/1984 0.0067 1.427 12/3/1984 12/4/1984 10.4 123.69 0.0047 Episode 28 12/3/1984 12/4/1984 0.0099 2.126 1/2/1985 1/7/1985 16.5 112.54 0.0074 Episode 29 1/3/1985 1/5/1985 0.0104 1.399 2/3/1985 2/5/1985 31.1 107.76 0.0140 Episode 30 2/4/1985 2/5/1985 0.0113 0.806 3/11/1985 3/14/1985 30.9 116.57 0.0139 Episode 31 3/13/1985 3/14/1985 0.0155 1.116 4/21/1985 4/23/1985 21.4 113.81 0.0096 Episode 32 4/21/1985 4/22/1985 0.0130 1.353 6/12/1985 6/14/1985 7.7 109.8 0.0034 Episode 33 6/13/1985 6/13/1985 0.0063 1.835 7/6/1985 7/8/1985 18.3 118.18 0.0082 Episode 34 7/6/1985 7/7/1985 0.0085 1.032 7/25/1985 7/26/1985 13.1 118.81 0.0059 Episode 35 7/26/1985 7/26/1985 0.0132 2.234 Episode 35a 7/27/1985 8/12/1985 0.0132 0.3013 9/2/1985 9/3/1985 14.4 109.89 0.0065 Episode 36 9/2/1985 9/2/1985 0.0092 1.421 9/24/1985 9/25/1985 14.3 104.04 0.0064 Episode 37 9/24/1985 9/25/1985 0.0118 1.835 10/20/1985 10/22/1985 17.2 112.69 0.0077


3 Evol4 Eeff

5 msr6 Comment Episode 38 10/21/1985 10/21/1985 0.0118 1.534 11/13/1985 11/15/1985 16.0 110.07 0.0072 Episode 39 11/13/1985 11/15/1985 0.0110 1.528 1/1/1986 1/2/1986 14.5 114.54 0.0065 Episode 40 1/1/1986 1/2/1986 0.0093 1.419 1/27/1986 1/28/1986 30.9 111.8 0.0063 Episode 41 1/27/1986 1/28/1986 0.0110 1.746 2/22/1986 2/23/1986 21.4 114.9 0.0080 Episode 42 2/22/1986 2/23/1986 0.0097 1.210 3/21/1986 3/23/1986 7.7 107.2 0.0057 Episode 43 3/22/1986 3/22/1986 0.0082 1.448 4/11/1986 4/14/1986 18.3 102.24 0.0110 Episode 44 4/13/1986 4/14/1986 0.0092 0.836 5/7/1986 5/8/1986 13.1 113.05 0.0066 Episode 45 5/7/1986 5/8/1986 0.0075 1.138 6/1/1986 6/2/1986 14.4 104.86 0.0066 Episode 46 6/2/1986 6/2/1986 0.0078 1.195 6/25/1986 6/29/1986 14.3 116.03 0.0062 Episode 47 6/26/1986 6/26/1986 0.0070 1.137 7/18/1986 7/19/1986 17.2 105.82 0.0081 erz dil rate =.0459 ep 48 fissure 7/18/1986 7/19/1986 0.0058 0.714 Owen, 2000. JGR stage IA sum 1/2/1983 7/19/1986 3.5428 0.4304 0.4604 1.070 0.1215 msr using tilt vol mean az 113.07 0.1300 msr using E vol std dev 5.5794 0.1760 add erz dil rate Stage IB 7/20/1986 11/8/1991 5.3032 net def ks I 12/3/1990 12/4/1990 9.2 302.2 0.0041 1/7/1991 1/15/1991 8.8 101.31 0.0040 ks I 8/20/1991 8/24/1991 4.9 290.56 0.0022

sum 0.0103 0.7743 0.1479 E vol, (Sutton and others, 2003)

add dil 0.0459 0.1938 Stage IIA 11/8/1991 4/1/1997 5.3963 11/7/1991 11/15/1991 15.5 116.57 0.0070 episode 49 11/8/1991 11/26/1991 0.0110 vol = .011 (mr)7 2/17/1992 2/22/1992 18.0 102.93 0.0081 episode 50 2/17/1992 3/3/1992 0.0411 0.0061 vol = .0032 (mr)7


3 Evol4 Eeff

5 msr6 Comment 3/3/1992 3/4/1992 3.9 131.99 0.0017 episode 51 3/7/1992 9/27/1992 0.5585 0.0826 vol = .024 (mr)7 10/4/1992 10/6/1992 7.1 121.76 0.0032 episode 52 10/3/1992 2/20/1993 0.3833 0.0567 vol = .0002 (mr)7 2/7/1993 2/9/1993 5.1 128.16 0.0023 2/23/1993 3/2/1993 7.6 120.3 0.0034 episode 53 2/20/1993 1/29/1997 3.9398 0.5824 vol = .535 (mr) ks inf 1/31/1996 2/1/1996 18. 5 307.41 0.0083 ep 54 dike vol

10/25/1996 10/28/1996 4.5 116.57 0.0020

(Owen and others, 2000; Thornber and others, 1996)

1/27/1997 1/30/1997 26.8 118.22 0.0121 1.3km*2.4 km*0.3m

episode 54 1/30/1997 1/31/1997 0.0003

vol = .00000936 km3; (Desmarais and Segall, 2007)

episode 55 2/24/1997 4/1/1997 0.0986 0.0146 sum 5.3963 0.0481 0.7537 0.1486 vol =.00023km3

add dil 0.0459 0.1945 ep 55 vol from xt8 total=.0159

stage IIB 4/1/1997 12/1/2003 6.6667 def

episode 55 4/1/1997 12/1/2003 0.9860 (Sutton and others, 2003)

1/13/1998 1/15/1998 8.0 128.99 0.0036 ep 55 vol from xt8 total=1.073

9/11/1993 9/13/1993 7.1 158.63 0.0032 2/20/2000 2/22/2000 8.5 147.3 0.0038 12/20/2001 12/21/2001 4.1 129.29 0.0018 11/17/2003 11/18/2003 6.4 116.57 0.0029 sum 0.0154 0.9860 0.1502 add dil 0.0459 0.1961 msr before co2 increase Stage IIIA total uplift 12/1/2003 5/18/2007 3.4606 57.8 316.21 0.0260 inf

episode 55 12/1/2003 5/18/2007 0.5570 ep 55 vol from xt8 total=0.557

def 12/4/2003 12/5/2003 5.9 140.91 0.0027

3/4/2004 3/5/2004 6.7 109.98 0.0030 co2 began increase (3x) in 2004

5/12/2004 5/14/2004 6.4 116.57 0.0029 6/3/2004 6/9/2004 8.0 115.64 0.0036


3 Evol4 Eeff

5 msr6 Comment 7/8/2004 7/11/2004 6.9 135 0.0031 7/27/2004 7/30/2004 9.8 130.29 0.0044 12/23/2004 12/27/2004 3.1 131.19 0.0014 1/27/2006 2/3/2006 5.5 128.66 0.0025 3/3/2006 3/8/2006 8.8 128.37 0.0040 3/10/2006 3/13/2006 9.3 111.8 0.0042 Cycle Event1 beg date end date Dt (yr) Tmag

2 Taz Tvol3 Evol

4 Eeff5 msr6 Comment

3/20/2006 3/22/2006 5.9 129.09 0.0027 sum 0.0604 0.5570 0.1784 add dil 0.0459 0.2243 episode 55 total 2/24/1997 6/17/2007 10.3080 1.6600 0.1610 xt8 mr7 stage IIIB 5/18/2007 3/19/2008 0.8378 def 5/22/2007 5/29/2007 7.6 130.56 0.0034 6/15/2007 6/20/2007 34.8 122.51 0.0157

episode 56 E 6/19/2007 6/19/2007 0.0000 Father's Day E; (Poland and others, 2008)

7/6/2007 7/16/2007 4.7 132.56 0.0021 episode 57 E 7/2/2007 7/20/2007 0.0007

episode 58 E 7/21/2007 3/19/2008 0.6626 0.0913 volume from xt8 mr7 estimate

7/21/2007 1/1/2009 1.4511 sum 0.0212 0.0913 0.1343 add dil 0.0459 0.1802 1 Abbreviations: inf=inf; def=def; ; vol=volume; dil=dilation; cw=clockwise; trans=transfer; I=intrusion; E=E; ks=Kīlauea’s summit; erz=East rift zone; swr=Southwest rift zone; kfz=Koaʻe fault zone 2 Uwēkahuna tilt magnitude in microradians 3 Tilt volume in cubic kilometers=Uwēkahuna tilt magnitude*.00045 (see text for explanation) 4 Values are equivalent magma volume obtained by multiplying published volumes by 0.8 to account for vesiculation 5 Eruption efficiency calculated for non-sustained rift eruptions as erupted volume/deflation volume associated with the eruption. For consistency eruption efficiencies are only calculated using the Uwēkahuna tilt. 6 Minimum magma supply rate calculated as described in text. The volume equivalent for pre-E inf is added to the sum of volume equivalents for subsequent defs and then divided by the elapsed time. Values used in the calculation are shown in bold text. The volume equivalent of pre-eruption deflation (italics used for emphasis) is not used as it is already included in the deflation sum. 7 mr = HVO monthly report 8 xt = Christinal Heliker volume estimate (see Heliker and Mattox, 2003, table 1)

Cross references, chapter 7 tables and appendix G map figures [Table column heads are row “0;” only rows with information are counted; “do,” same as above; color coding indicates eruptions (red), traditional intrusions without eruption (blue); inflationary intusions (green), and suspected deep intrusions (magneta)] Chap. 7 page Chap. 7 table Row in table App. G figure 140 7.1 13 G5 do do 28 G6 141 7.1 cont 14 G7 148 7.2 3 G9 do do 10 G10 do do 12 G11 do do 13 G12 149 7.2 cont 6,7 G13 do do 10,11 G14 do do 13,14 G15 156 7.3 1 G17 do do 2 G18 do do 3,5 G19 do do 6 G20 do do 24 G21 do do 28 G22 do do 32 G23A 157 7.3 cont 7,8 G23B do do 10-12 G23C do do 15 G24 158 7.4 6 G26 do do 17,18 G27A do do 19 G27B

Chap. 7 page Chap. 7 table Row in table App. G figure do do 20 G28 do do 23 G29 do do 24,26 G30 do do 29 G31 do do 31 G32 do do 33 G33 159 7.4 cont 3 G34A do do 5 G34B do do 13 G35 do do 15 G36 do do 18 G37 do do 21 G38 do do 22 G39 do do 24 G40 do do 28 G41 do do 29 G42 do do 30 G43 160 7.4 cont 1,2 G44 do do 3 G45 do do 4 G46 do do 6 G47 do do 9 G48 do do 13 G49 166 7.5 5 G51 do do 11 G52 do do 12 G53 do do 15 G54 do do 17 G55 do do 18 G56 do do 20,21 G57

Chap. 7 page Chap. 7 table Row in table App. G figure do do 23.25 G58 do do 30 G59 do do 31-33 G60 167 7.5 cont 2 G60 do do 5 G61 do do 6 G62 do do 7 G63 do do 8 G64A do do 9 G64B do do 10 G64C do do 11 G64D do do 13-15 G65 do do 16-17 G66 do do 18-19 G67 do do 20-21 G68 do do 22 G69 do do 23 G70 do do 24 G71 do do 26 G72 do do 27 G73 do do 28 G74 do do 30 G75 do do 31 G76 176 7.6 1 G77 do do 3 G78 31 7.6 cont 1 G79 do do 7 G80 do do 8 G81 do do 9 G82

Figure G1. Graphs showing Kīlauea short-period eathquakes per day and those of magnitude >4, 1982 to February 2008. A–Z, Data at

1-year intervals. Dates on figures in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G2. Graphs showing Kīlauea long-period eathquakes per day and those of magnitude >4, 1982 to February 2008. A–Z, Data at

1-year intervals. Dates on figures in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G3. Graphs showing Kīlauea earthquake swarms (long- and short-period), from 1982 to February 2007. A–Z, Data at 1-year

intervals. Dates on figures in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G4. Graphs showing Kīlauea activity from 1 January 1983–20 July 1986 (Puʻu ʻŌʻo-Kupaianaha eruption Stage IA). Time

series shows short- and long-period earthquake swarms for all regions as short vertical lines. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

See text figure 7.1 and table 7.1 for event details.

Figure G5. Map showing activity around suspected deep intrusion on 23 December 1984. Data from 22–24 December. Dates on

figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G6. Map showing activity around suspected deep intrusion on 5–6 October 1985 beneath site SDI 2 (chap. 5, fig. 5.2). Data

from 4–8 October.. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G7. Map showing activity around episode 48 fissure eruption on 18–19 July 1986 associated with migration of eruption from

Puʻu ʻŌʻo to Kupaianaha. Data from 14–24 July. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G8. Graphs showing Kīlauea activity during Puʻu ʻŌʻo-Kupaianaha eruption Stage IB from 20 July 1986 to 8 November 1991.

Time series shows short- and long-period earthquake.swarms for all regions. See text figure 7.5 and table 7.2 for event details. Dates

on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G9. Map showing activity around Nāmakanipaio earthquake swarm of 13 September 1986. Data from 13–14 September. This

sequence not associated with an east rift intrusion. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G10. Map showing activity around Nāmakanipaio earthquake swarm of 11–12 July 1988. This sequence not associated with

an east rift intrusion. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G11. Map showing activity around upper east rift intrusion on 17 September 1988. Data from 12–21 September. Dates on


Figure G12. Map showing M6.2 sourth flank earthquake on 25 June 1989, mainshock and aftershocks to 30 June. Dates on figure in

mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G13. Map showing activity around summit intrusion on 4 December 1990. Data from 11 November to 6 December. Intrusion

indicated by inflationary tilt begins near the shallow magma chamber (small open cross) imaged in 1996 by long-period seismic

array. Intrusion then extends downrift to south and southeast. The intrusion was accompanied by a few long-period earthquakes. It is

possible that this intrusion marks the advent of a second summit magma reservoir at ~1 km depth. This is the first of several

intrusions to be preceded within a month or so by a Nāmakanipaio sequence (Okubo and Nakata, 2003). Dates on figure in

mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G14. Map showing activity around upper east rift intrusion on 26 March 1991. Data from 25–30 March, with a precursory

Nāmakanipaio sequence on 13 March. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G15. Map showing activity around upper east rift intrusion on 21 August 1991. Data from 17–25 August, with a precursory

Nāmakanipaio sequence on 10 August. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G16. Graphs showing Kīlauea activity from 8 November 1991 to 1 January 1997 (Puʻu ʻŌʻo -Kupaianaha eruption Stage IIA).

Time series shows short- and long-period earthquake swarms for all regions as vertical lines connected across the time of intrusion.

See text figure 7.7 and table 7.3 for event details. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G17. Map showing activity around eruption of 8–26 November 1991 (episode 49 to 26 November. Eruption returns to Puʻu

ʻŌʻo accompanied by very few earthquakes. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G18. Map showing activity around upper east rift intrusion on 28–29 January 1992. Data from 25–31 January. Dates on figure

in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G19. Map showing activity around eruption of 17 February-3 March 1992 (episode 50 to 3 March). Data from 9–19 February.

Eruption is preceded by a Nāmakanipaio sequence on 4 February 1992 and an east rift intrusion on 11–13 February. Dates on figure

in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G20. Map showing activity around upper east rift intrusion on 3–4 March 1992. Data from 1–5 March. Intrusion precedes

episode 51 on 7 March. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G21. Map showing activity around suspected deep intrusion on 11–12 September 1993 beneath site SDI 2 (chap. 5, fig. 5.2).

Data from 9–14 September. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G22. Map showing activity around deep magma-supply earthquake 1 February 1994. Data from 26 January to 4 February.

M5.2 mainshock is located just offshore in the central south flank. Aftershocks trace a major part of the deep magma supply path

(Wright and Klein, 2006). Possible foreshocks are located a considerable distance to the west and north. Dates on figure in

mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G23. Maps showing: A, Activity around a suspected deep intrusion on 25–26 October 1994. Data from 23 to 27 October. B–C,

Activity around a paired inflationary intrusion on 1–2 February 1996, within which an eruption “surge” occurs about 3 hours after the

beginning of intrusion—(B) short-period seismicity and (C) long-period seismicity. Data from 27 January to 11 February. Dates on


Figure G24. Map showing activity around a suspected deep intrusion on 25–26 October 1996 beneath site SDI 2 (see chap. 5, fig.

5.2). Data from 23–30 October. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G25. Graphs showing Kīlauea activity from 1 January 1997–1 December 2003 (Puʻu ʻŌʻo-Kupaianaha eruption Stage IIB).

Time series shows short- and long-period earthquake swarms for all regions as vertical lines. See text figure 7.10 and table 7.4 for

event details. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G26. Map showing earthquake locations for a Nāmakanipaio sequence on 2–3 June 1997 not associated with an east rift

intrusion. Data from 30 May to 10 June. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G27. Map showing activity around a small summit and upper east rift intrusion accompanied by a "surge” on 14 January 1988.

Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format. A, Short-period seismicity. B, Long-period seismicity.

Figure G28. Map showing activity around a Nāmakanipaio sequence on 27–28 January 1998 not associated with an east rift intrusion.

Data from 26–28 January. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G29. Map showing activity around a silent earthquake (Montgomery-Brown and others, 2009) on 19 September 1998. Data

from 18–20 September. The earthquake pattern resembles that of suspected deep intrusions beneath zone SDI 2. Dates on figure in

mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G30. Map showing Kīlauea activity on 27–28 September 1998. Data from 27–30 September. Two mainshocks: M4.6 (27

September) located northeast of Kīlauea Caldera, and M4.8 (28 September) located in the eastern south flank, the latter with

aftershocks. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G31. Map showing activity around M5.2 Hilea (Mauna Loa) earthquake on 16 April 1999 and aftershocks. Data from 16–23

April. Seismicity beneath the Kīlauea lower southwest rift zone was triggered beginning 1 hour after the mainshock and continuing

for nearly 15 hours. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G32 Map showing activity around 26 May 1999 Nāmakanipaio mainshock M4.3 with aftershocks. Data from 25–30 May.

Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G33. Map showing activity around upper east rift intrusion on 12 September 1999. Data from 10–16 September. Dates on


Figure G34. Map showing activity around upper east rift intrusion on 23–24 February 2000, preceded by a swarm of deep magma-

supply earthquakes. Data from 17–29 February. A, Short-period seismicity. B, Long-period seismicity.

Figure G35. Map showing activity around an eruptive surge on 24 September 2000. Data from 20–28 September. Dates on figure in

mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G36. Map showing activity around a silent earthquake (Montgomery-Brown and others, 2009) on 8–9 November 2000

preceding a broader south flank earthquake swarm. Data from 8–18 November. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G37. Map showing activity around an eruptive surge on 20 May 2001. Data from 16–24 May. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy

format.

Figure G38. Map showing activity around suspected deep intrusion on 23–24 June 2001 beneath site SDI 2 (chap. 5, fig. 5.2). Data

from 22–30 June. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G39. Map showing activity around a silent earthquake (Montgomery-Brown and others, 2009) on 19 September 2001. Data

from 17–22 September. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G40. Map showing activity around an eruptive surge on 9 December 2001 preceding a small summit intrusion. Data from 8–

15 December. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G41. Map showing activity around a small upper east rift intrusion on 19 December 2001. Data from 17–23 December. Dates


Figure G42. Map showing activity around suspected deep intrusion on 12 February 2002 beneath site SDI 2 (chap. 5, fig. 5.2). Data

from 10–16 February. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G43. Map showing acivity around an eruptive surge on 5 April 2002. Data from 2–8 April. No earthquakes occurred during

the surge. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G44. Map showing activity around two suspected deep intrusions on 21 August and 28–29 August 2002 beneath site SDI 2

(chap. 5, fig. 5.2). Data from 20–31 August. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G45. Map showing activity around a silent earthquake (Montgomery-Brown and others, 2009) on 17 December 2002. Data

from 11–18 December. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G46. Map showing activity around an eruptive surge on 21 January 2003. Data from 8–28 January. No earthquakes during the

surge. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G47. Map showing activity around a Nāmakanipaio sequence on 6–7 April 3003, preceded and followed by deep magma

supply earthquakes. Data from 31 March-14 April. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G48. Map showing activity around a silent earthquake (Montgomery-Brown and others, 2009) on 3 July 2003 preceded by a

suspected deep intrusion near site SDI 3 (chap. 5, fig. 5.2) on 1–2 July. Data from 28 June-5 July. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy

format.

Figure G49. Map showing activity around an eruptive surge on 8 August 2003, with both short-period and long-period summit

seismicity before and after. Data from 6–10 August. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G50. Graphs showing Kīlauea activity from 1 December 2003 to 19 March 2008 (Puʻu ʻŌʻo-Kupaianaha eruption Stage III).

Time series shows short- and long-period earthquake swarms for all regions as vertical lines connected across the times of intrusion.

Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format. See text fig. 7.13 and tables 7.5 and 7.6 for event details.

Figure G51. Map showing activity around a suspected deep intrusion on 22 December 2003 beneath site SDI 2 (see chap. 5, fig. 5.2).

Data from 18–26 December 2003. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G52. Map showing activity around an upper east rift intrusion on 4 March 2004 accompanying a surge. Data from 2–8 March

2004. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G53. Map showing seismic activity preceding and following an eruptive surge on 20 March 2004. Data from 18–26 March

2004. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G54. Map showing activity around an uppermost east rift intrusion on 12–13 May 2004, preceding an eruptive surge on 15

May. Data from 8–18 May. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G55. Map showing activity around a small upper east rift intrusion 4 June 2004. Data from 3–9 June. Dates on figure in

mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G56. Map showing activity around a double east rift intrusion on 9–10 July 2004 showing downrift migration of epicenters.

Data from 1–14 July. Pre- and posteruption south flank earthquakes extend well east of the rift intrusion site. Dates on figure in

mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G57. Map showing activity around an upper east rift intrusion on 27 July 2004 accompanying a surge. Data from 25 July-2

August. Earthquakes after the surge occur near the upper middle east rift boundary. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G58. Map showing activity around a Nāmakanipaio sequence on 2 November 2004. Data from 29 October-9 November. Dates


Figure G59. Map showing activity around an upper east rift intrusion on 22–23 December 2004. Data from 19–29 December. Dates


Figure G60. Map showing activity around a silent earthquake (Montgomery-Brown and others, 2009) on 25–27 January 2005,

preceded on 24-25 January by an upper east rift intrusion and followed on 27-29 January by a Nāmakanipaio sequence. Dates on


Figure G61. Map showing activity around an upper-middle east rift intrusion on 29–30 December 2005, preceded by deep magma-

supply earthquakes. Data from 25 December 2005 to 2 January 2006. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G62. Map showing activity around the beginning of paired intrusions on the uppermost seismic southwest rift zone and the

uppermost east rift zone on 15–16 January 2006. Data from 14–19 January. The first intrusion is on the upper east rift. Dates on


Figure G63. Map showing activity around a Nāmakanipaio sequence on 22–23 January 2006. Data from 20–23 January. Dates on


Figure G64. Maps showing activity around a series of nearly continuous paired intrusions into the upper east rift zone and the

uppermost seismic southwest rift zone in January-February 2006. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format. A, 25–26 January 2006: An

intrusion into the uppermost east rift zone. Data from 24–28 January. B, 29–31 January 2006: Two intrusions beneath the upper east

rift zone separated by about 10 hours. The preintrusion east rift seismicity is colocated with the syneruption seismicity. Data from

29–31 January. C, 1–8 February 2006: A large paired intrusion into the upper east rift zone and upper seismic southwest rift zone

accompanied by several deep magma-supply earthquakes. Data from 1–9 February. D, 9–18 February 2006: A continuation of of

nearly continuous intrusions into the upper east rift zone and the uppermost seismic southwest rift zone, consisting of successive

swarms of 40, 38, 10, 12, and 48 rift events. Data from 9–20 February.

Figure G65. Map showing activity around two intrusions overlapping in time on 22–24 February 2006, which are the last of a 1-

month sequence of paired intrusions on the uppermost east rift zone and uppermost seismic southwest rift zone. Data from 21–25

February. The intrusions were preceded by a Nāmakanipaio sequence that began on 22 February. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy

format.

Figure G66. Map showing activity during waning of nearly continuous intrusion into the upper east rift zone and the uppermost

seismic southwest rift zone on 27 February to 1 March 2006. Data from 26 February to 2 March. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy

format.

Figure G67. Map showing activity around Nāmakanipaio sequence on 1–4 March 2006, directly preceding a small upper seismic

southwest rift intrusion. Data from 1–5 March. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G68. Map showing activity around Nāmakanipaio sequence on 6 March 2006, overlapping with a small upper seismic

southwest rift intrusion on 6–7 March. Data from 5–7 March. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G69. Map showing activity around Nāmakanipaio sequence on 11 March 2006 accompanying a small intrusion into the

uppermost seismic southwest rift zone. Data from 10–12 March. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G70. Map showing activity around a suspected deep intrusion on 16 March 2006 beneath site SDI 2 (chap. 5, fig. 5.2). Data

from 15–17 March. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G71. Map showing activity around a small upper east rift intrusion on 22–23 March 2006, followed by paired (nonswarm)

activity beneath the upper east rift zone and upper seismic southwest rift zone. Data from 19–29 March. Dates on figure in

mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G72. Map showing activity around a small upper-middle east rift intrusion on 9–10 May 2006, preceded by paired (nonswarm)

activity beneath the upper east rift zone and upper seismic southwest rift zone and a possible suspected deep intrusion beneath the

central south flank. Data from 4–12 May. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G73. Map showing activity around an intrusion on 29–30 July 2006 beneath the upper seismic southwest rift zone. Data from

28–31 July. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G74. Map showing activity around an upper east rift intrusion on 3–4 August 2006, followed by paired (nonswarm) activity

beneath the upper east rift zone and upper seismic southwest rift zone. Data from 1–8 August. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G75. Map showing activity around a suspected deep intrusion on 3–5 April 2007 beneath the central south flank. Continuous

GPS measurement did not record a spreading step. Data from 1–10 April. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G76. Map showing activity around a silent earthquake (Montgomery-Brown and others, 2010) on 16 April 2007 associated

with very low seismicity. Data from 15–18 April. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G77. Map showing activity around two intrusions on 24–27 May 2007 beneath the upper east rift zone separated by about 9

hours. Data from 22–29 May. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G78. Map showing activity around intrusion on 31 May-1 June 2007 beneath the uppermost seismic southwest rift zone. Data

from 30 May-2 June. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G79. Map showing activity around silent earthquake (Montgomery-Brown and others, 2009) on 17–18 June 2007 that overlaps

in time with the intrusion accompanying the Father’s Day eruption (see text fig. 7.14). Data from 17–18 June. Dates on figure in

mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G80. Map showing activity around a small upper east rift intrusion on 3–4 July 2007. Data from 2–4 July. Dates on figure in

mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G81. Map showing activity around a small middle east rift intrusion on 5–6 July 2007, anticipating the east rift eruption of 21

July (vents shown). Data from 5–11 July. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

Figure G82. Map showing activity around an upper east rift intrusion on 16–17 July 2007, precursory to the eruption on 21 July

(vents shown). Data from 12–21 July. South flank seismicity occurs only before and after the intrusion and extends to a region south

of the eruption vents. Dates on figure in mm/dd/yyyy format.

EE

E

E EEE EEE E E EEEEEEEEE EGG G GG G GGGGGGG G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG GG G

G

GGGGGGGG G G GC C C CCC

CC CCCCCCC

CC C CCC C C

CC

C CC CCCCC C CCC CCA AAA A A A AA A

A

A A A A AAA A AA

A AAA A AAA AA A 1

2/1/1983 5/1/1983 8/1/1983 11/1/1983 2/1/1984 5/1/1984 8/1/1984 11/1/1984 2/1/1985 5/1/1985 8/1/1985 11/1/1985 2/1/1986 5/1/1986

Appendix figure G1 a

ACurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/1982-2/1/1983: earthquake swarms and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0

Single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0 (closed symbols)Located earthquakes (open symbols) Earthquake counts (vertical lines)

E

E

EE

EE

EEE

E

EE EEEE

EE

EEEEE

E

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

E

E EE E

E

E

E

E

E E

EEEE

EEG G GG G GG G GGC C C C C CAAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AA

A

AA A A AA A AAA AAAA

A

A AA A AAAA AAAAAA A

AA AAAAAAAA

AAAAAAAA

AAAA AAA

AAAA

10

100

1

10

2/1/1982 3/1/1982 4/1/1982 5/1/1982 6/1/1982 7/1/1982 8/1/1982 9/1/1982 10/1/1982 11/1/1982 12/1/1982 1/1/1983 2/1/1983

Eq/d

ayEq/day

JF F F FZ

Z

Z Z 45M

ME E E E E E EEEE

G G GG G G GGG

G

GGG

GG

GGGG

GGGGG G

G

GG

G

GGG

G

G

GG

G GCC CCCC CC CCC CCCCCC

C

CC

C

CCC C CCCC C

C CC

CC

CC

CCC

CC

C

CC

C

CC

C

C

C

C

CCCC

CC

CC

C

C

CCCCCC C

CCC

C

C

CCCCCCCCC

C

C

C

C

C

CC

C

C

CCC

CCCC

A

A AAAA

AA

A

A

A

A

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A

AAAA A

A

AAAAA

AAAAAAAAAAA

A

A

A

A

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AAAA

A

A

AAAAA

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AA

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AA

A

AAAAAAAA

A

A

AA

AA

A

A

A

A

AA

AAAAA AAA A AA AAAAA

A

A

AAA

A

A

A

A

AAAA AAAAAAAAA

AA

AAAAAAAAA2

2

2@ @@ @ @ @@ @ @ @@@@@@

@@ @@ @@@ @@@@@@@1

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day

A F Seismic southwest rift zone (0-15 km)2 1 Southwest rift zone (0-15 km)

G B Middle east rift zone (0-15 km)C H Upper east rift zone (0-15 km)

E J Lower east rift zone (0-15 km)@ < Koae fault zone (0-15 km)

45M

ME E E E E EE

E E EEE EE EE

EE EG

GGGGG

G

GGG

GGG

GG

GGGGGGGG

GGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGG

GG

GGGG

GG

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G

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GG

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G

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G

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G

G

G

GG

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GGGGGGGGGGGG

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

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GGGG

CCC

C

C

CCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCC

C

CCCC

C

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C

C

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C

C

C

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C

CCC

C

CC

CCC

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C

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C

C

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CCC

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C

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C

CCCC

C

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C

CC

CC

C

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C

CC

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C

CCC

CCCC

CC

CCCCC

CC

CCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CC

C

CC

C

C

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C

C

CC

C

CCC

C

CC

C

CCC

C

CC

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CCC

C

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C

C

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C

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CCC

C

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C

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CC

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CCC

CAAA A AAA A

A

AAA

A A AA AAAA

AA

AA

A

A

AAA

AA

AAAA

A

AAAA

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AAAA

AA

AAAA

AAAA AAA A

AAAAAAAA

AA

AAAAAAA

A

AAAA A

A

AAAAAAAAAAA AAAA A

A

AAAAA

AA

AA

AAA A1

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day

BBB

BB56

456

MM

E J Kilauea caldera (0-5 km)G B Kilauea caldera (5-10 km)

C H Kilauea caldera (10-20 km)A F Deep magma supply path (20-35 km)2 Z Deep magma supply path (>35 km)

E J Far eastern south flank (0-15 km)G B Eastern south flank (0-15 km)

C H Central south flank (0-15 km))A F Western south flank (0-15 km)

EE EEGG GGGGGGGGGG GG GG GGGGGGGG

AAAA AA AA AA AA AAAA

JJ JJBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBEpisode 1

Eruptions: J summit B east rift zone F southwest rift zone Intrusions: E summit G east rift zone A southwest rift zone @ Koae

= Significant eq M ≥ 5.0Z "Silent"eq (spreading steps)

f eruption pausesg surges ("dieflation-inflation-deflation events)

400450500550600

400450500550600

2/1/1982 3/1/1982 4/1/1982 5/1/1982 6/1/1982 7/1/1982 8/1/1982 9/1/1982 10/1/1982 11/1/1982 12/1/1982 1/1/1983 2/1/1983

Tilt

mag

(ur)

Uwekahuna water-tube tilt magnitude: daily readings

10

100

1000

Eq/d

ay

10

100

1000

2/1/1983

Eq/d

ayM

10

100

Eq/d

ayM

M

420430440450460470

Tilt

mag

(ur)

Appendix figure G1 b

BCurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/1983-2/1/1984: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0


10

2/1/1983

Eq/dayM

100 Eq/dayM

100 Eq/dayM

400450500550600

E E E E EE E E E EE E E E E E E

G

GGGGGGGG

GG

GG

GGGGGG

GGGGG

GGGGGGGGGG

GGG

G

GGG

G

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GGG

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GG

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GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

C

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CCC

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CC

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CC

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C

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AA

A

A AA AA

A A A A A AA A A AAA A A A

AAA

AAAAAA AAA A1

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day

E E E E E

EEEE

E

EEEEG

GGGGGG

G G

G

G GGGGC CC C C CCC CC

C C

C

CCCC CC C

A

A AA A AA A AAA AAA A AAAA A AAA AA A AA AAAAA AAA A

A

A AAAA A A A A

10

100

1000

1

10

100

2/1/1983 3/1/1983 4/1/1983 5/1/1983 6/1/1983 7/1/1983 8/1/1983 9/1/1983 10/1/1983 11/1/1983 12/1/1983 1/1/1984 2/1/1984

Eq/d

ayEq/day

F

Z ZZ Z

Z 45

MME E E EG G GGA A2

222222

2222222 2222

22222222222 22

2222

@ @ @1

10

100

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day




45

MM

Triggered seismicity: Namakani Paio earthquakes andms1-5 earthquakes below Kilauea caldera (below)

C H Kilauea caldera (10-20 km)A F Deep magma supply path (> 20 km)


BB

B

B H

56

456

MM



B B B B B B BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB

Eruptions: J summit B east rift zone F southwest rift zone Intrusions: E summit G east rift zone A southwest rift zone @ Koae f eruption pauses

g surges ("dieflation-inflation-deflation events)

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14Z "Silent"eq (spreading steps) High-fountaining eruptive episodes M 6.6 Kaoiki earthquake

(Mauna Loa)= Significant eq M ≥ 5.0

420430440450460470

420430440450460470

2/1/1983 3/1/1983 4/1/1983 5/1/1983 6/1/1983 7/1/1983 8/1/1983 9/1/1983 10/1/1983 11/1/1983 12/1/1983 1/1/1984 2/1/1984

Tilt

mag

(ur)


100

1000

Eq/d

ay

M

100

Eq/d

ayM

1000

Eq/d

ayM

Tilt

mag

(ur)

Appendix figure G1 c

CCurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/1983-2/1/1984: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0

Current eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/1984-2/1/1985: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0Single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0 (closed symbols)Located earthquakes (open symbols) Earthquake counts (vertical lines)

Eq/dayEq/day

MEq/day

MM

E E E E E EE E

EE EEE EEE EE EEEE

E EEEE

EE

EEE EEEE

GG GG GG GG G G G

GGG GG GGG GGG GG G G G

G

GGG G GG GG G GC C C CC C C C CCC C C C C C CC

CA A A A AA A AAAAA AAAA AAA AAA AAAA A AA AAA A A A

10

100

1000

1

10

100

1000

2/1/1984 3/1/1984 4/1/1984 5/1/1984 6/1/1984 7/1/1984 8/1/1984 9/1/1984 10/1/1984 11/1/1984 12/1/1984 1/1/1985 2/1/1985

Eq/d

ayEq/day



Z

Z Z 45

MME E E EE E EG G GC CA A222 22 2 2

222 22 222222 2

2222 22

2

22

2

22 2 2 2 222 222 2 2 22 2@ @ @ @1

10

100

10

Eq/d

ayEq/day




45

MME EE E E E E E E E E E E EGGGGG

GGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGG G

GGG

G

GGGG

G

G

G

GGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

GG

GGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGG

GGG

G

GGG

G

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G

GGGGG

GGGGGGGGG

G

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G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGG

GGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGC

CCC

CCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCC

C

C

CC

C

C

C

CCC

CCC

C

CCCCCCCCC

C

C

C

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CCCCCCCCCCCCCC

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C

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CCC

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CC

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CCCC

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CCCCAA A A A

AA

A

A A AA A A A AA AA A A

A

A AAA AA1

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day



H

56

456

MM

BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB


g surges ("dieflation-inflation-deflation events)= Significant eq M ≥ 5.0 Z "Silent"eq (spreading steps)

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29High-fountaining eruptive episodes

410420430440450

410420430440450

2/1/1984 3/1/1984 4/1/1984 5/1/1984 6/1/1984 7/1/1984 8/1/1984 9/1/1984 10/1/1984 11/1/1984 12/1/1984 1/1/1985 2/1/1985

Tilt

mag

(ur) Uwekahuna water-tube tilt magnitude: daily readings

1000

10000

Eq/d

ay

M

100

Eq/d

ayM

1000

Eq/d

ayM

Tilt

mag

(ur)

Appendix figure G1 d

DCurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/1985-2/1/1986: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0


100

1000

Eq/day

MEq/day

M

100 Eq/dayM

410420430440450

EE

E E EEEE

E

EEE

EE

E

E

E EE E

EE

EEE

E

EEEEEEEEEEE

EEEEEE E

EEE

EEEEEEEEE EEEG G GGG G GGG

G

G G G GGGG G

G GG G G G G

G

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGC C C C CCC C C C C CCA AA AA AA A A A AA A AA AA A A A A

AA

AA A AA AAA A

10

100

1000

10000

1

10

100

1000

2/1/1985 3/1/1985 4/1/1985 5/1/1985 6/1/1985 7/1/1985 8/1/1985 9/1/1985 10/1/1985 11/1/1985 12/1/1985 1/1/1986 2/1/1986

Eq/d

ayEq/day

FZ

Z 45

MME E E E E EEGG GG G

GGC C C C CA A2 2 2 2 22 2 22

22 2

2222 2@ @ @

10

100

10

100

Eq/d

ay Eq/day




45

MME E E E EEE E E EG

GGGGGGG

GGGG

GGGG

GGGGGGGG

G

G

G

GGG

GGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGG

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C

CC

C

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A

A

A A A AA

A A A AAA A AA A A A A

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day

B B

H56

456

MM





BB BB BB BB BB BBB B BB BB BB BB BB BB



30 31 32 33 34 3535A 36 37 38 39 40 41High-fountaining eruptive episodes

390400410420430440

390400410420430440

2/1/1985 3/1/1985 4/1/1985 5/1/1985 6/1/1985 7/1/1985 8/1/1985 9/1/1985 10/1/1985 11/1/1985 12/1/1985 1/1/1986 2/1/1986

Tilt

mag

(ur)


100

Eq/d

ay

M

100

Eq/d

ayM

1000

Eq/d

ayM

Tilt

mag

(ur)

Eq

/da

y

E EEEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEE EEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEE

EEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

E

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

EEEEEEEEE EE EEEE


EEEEE

EEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEGGGGGGGGG G G

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GG

GGG


GGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGG

GGGGG

GG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GG

GGGGGG

GG

G

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGG

GG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGG

GGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGG GG

G

GGGGGG GGGG

GGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGG

GGGGGGGG G GCC

C

CCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCC C

C

CCCCC

CCCCC

CCCCCCCCC CCCCCCC C

CCCC

CC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCC

CCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCC

CCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCC

CCCC

C

CC

CCCCCCC

CCCC

CCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCC

CCC

CC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCC

CCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCA AA

AAAAAAAAAAAAA

AAAAAAAAA AAA

AA AAAA AAAA AAAAAA AAA AAA AAAAA AA AAAAA AAAAAAAAA A AA AAA AAA A AAA

10

1

10

7/20/1986 7/20/1987 7/20/1988 7/20/1989 7/20/1990 7/20/1991

Eq

/da

yAppendix figure G1 e

ECurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/1986-2/1/1987: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0


100

1000

Eq/day

M

100

Eq/dayM

100 Eq/dayM

390400410420430440

EEEE

E

EEE EEEE

E EEEE EEEEE

E

EE

EE EE

E

EEE EE E E EE EEEE E EEE

EEEE E E EE E E EEEEEE

EGG G

G

G GG G G G GG G

G

G G GGG

G

G G GG G G GCC C CC C C CC CC CA A AA

A AAAA

A

AAAAA AAA AAAAA AAA

AAA A

A

AAA A AAAAAA AA A A

AAAAA

A AA

1

10

100

1

10

1000

2/1/1986 3/1/1986 4/1/1986 5/1/1986 6/1/1986 7/1/1986 8/1/1986 9/1/1986 10/1/1986 11/1/1986 12/1/1986 1/1/1987 2/1/1987

Eq/d

ayEq/day



FF F 4

5

MME E E E E E EG GG G G G GG G GC CC C C C C2 2 2 22 2

2222 221

10

100

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day




45

MME

E EE E E E E EE E

G

GGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GG

GG

GGGG

G

GGGGGGG

GGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGG

GGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

G

GGGGGG

G

G

GGGGG


G

GGGGGGG

GGGGG

GGGGGG

G

GGGGGG

C

CCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCC

C

CCC

C

CCC

C

C

C

CCCC

C

CCC

C

C

CC

CCCCCC

CCCC

C

CC

CCCCCCCC

CCC

C

CCCCC

CC

CCC

CC

CC

C

CC C

C

CCCCC

CCCCCCCC C

CCCCCCC

CCC

CC

C

CCCCCC

C

CCCC

CCC

C

C

C

CCCCCCC

CC

CCC

CCCC

CCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCC

CC

CCCCCC

C

CCC C

C

CCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCC

CCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCC

CCA A A A A AA A A1

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day



56

456

MM

BB BB BB BB BB BB BBB



Shift of vent from Pu'u 'O'o to Kupaianaha, beginning of continuous eruptionHigh-fountaining eruptive episodes

42 43 44 45 46 47 48

370380390400410420430

370380390400410420430

2/1/1986 3/1/1986 4/1/1986 5/1/1986 6/1/1986 7/1/1986 8/1/1986 9/1/1986 10/1/1986 11/1/1986 12/1/1986 1/1/1987 2/1/1987

Tilt

mag

(ur)


100

1000

Eq/d

ay

M

100

Eq/d

ayM

100

1000

Eq/d

ayM

Tilt

mag

(ur)

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EE EE EEEEEEEEE

EEE EEEEEEEEEEEE EE EEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE E E EE EEEE

EEEEEEEEEEEEE EE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

EEEEEEEEEE E E

EE

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE E E E EEEE

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEGG

G

GGGGGGG

G

GGGGG GGGGGGGGGG G GGG GGGG GGGGGG GG

GGGGGGGG

GG

G G GGGGGGGG

GGGGGG

GG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GG G

GG

G GGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCCCC

CC

CCCCCCCCCCC

CCCC CCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCC

CC

C

CCCC CCCCCCCCC

CCCC

CCCCCCCC

CCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCC CC CCC

CCCCCCCCCCC

C

C

CCCCCCC CC

C C

C

CCCC

CCCCCCCC C CC

CCCC

C

CCCCC

CCCCCCCC

CCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CC

C

CC

C C

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCAAAA AAAA A A

AAA AAA A A A A A AA A AA AAA

A AA AA

10

1

10

11/8/1991 11/8/1992 11/8/1993 11/8/1994 11/8/1995 11/8/1996

Eq

/da

y Eq

/da

y10

Eq

/da

y

Appendix figure G1 fCurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/1987-2/1/1988: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0

Single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0 (closed symbols)Located earthquakes (open symbols) Earthquake counts (vertical lines)F

1000

Eq/day

M

100

Eq/dayM

100 Eq/dayM

370380390400410420430

Episode 48 continuing

EEEEE E

E

E E E EEE

EEE EEEEEE EEE EE EE E E

EEE E

E

EEE EEEEEEEEEE EEE E E EE

EEEE

EE EEEEEE EEG G G G

GG

G G GG G GGG GGG G G G G GC C CCC C C C CC C C C C CAA AAA

A AAA A A A AA

AA A

AA A A A A

AA

10

100

1000

1

10

100

1000

2/1/1987 3/1/1987 4/1/1987 5/1/1987 6/1/1987 7/1/1987 8/1/1987 9/1/1987 10/1/1987 11/1/1987 12/1/1987 1/1/1988 2/1/1988

Eq/d

ayEq/day

45

MM



E EE

G G GG GG GGGGGGGGG

G

G GC C22 2 2 22

2 2 2 2 2@ @ @ @ @1

10

100

10

Eq/d

ayEq/day




45

MME

EE E E E E

GG

GGGGGG

G

GG

GGG

G

GGG

GG

GGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGG

GGGGGG

G

G

G

GGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGG

GGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGG

G

GG

G

CCCCCCCCCCC CC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

C

C

CCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCC

C

CC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CC

C

CCCCC

C

CCCCC

CC

CCCC

C

CC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CC

C

CCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCC

C

CC

C

C CC CCCCCCA A A A A A A A A A A1

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day



B B

56

456

MM




370380390400410

370380390400410

2/1/1987 3/1/1987 4/1/1987 5/1/1987 6/1/1987 7/1/1987 8/1/1987 9/1/1987 10/1/1987 11/1/1987 12/1/1987 1/1/1988 2/1/1988

Tilt

mag


100

1000

Eq/d

ay

MM

100

1000

Eq/d

ay

100

Eq/d

ayM

370380390400410

Tilt

mag

(ur)

E

E

EEEE

EEEEEEEEEEEEEE

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

E

EEEEEE E

EE

EEEEEE

EEEEEE

EEEEEEEEEE EEEE

EEEEEEEEEEE EE EEEEEEEEEE EE E EEEEEEE

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEE

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

EEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEE

EEEEEEEE

EEEEE EEEEEEEE E EE

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

EEEEEEEE E EEEE EEEEE E EEEE

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGG

GG

G

GGGGGG

GG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGG

GG

GG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGG GGG GGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGG

GGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGG

GG

GG

GG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGG G GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GG GG GGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGG

GG GGGG

GGGGGGG

GGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGG

GGGGGCCCC

C

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCC

CC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCC

CCC

CCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCC C CCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCC

CCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCC

CC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CC CCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCC

CC

C

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCA A AA A A AA A

AA A A A AAAAA AA A

AAA A A A A A A A AA AA

10

1

10

1/1/1997 1/1/1998 1/1/1999 1/1/2000 1/1/2001 1/1/2002 1/1/2003

Eq

/da

y

Eq

/da

y

Appendix figure G1 g

GCurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/1988-2/1/1989: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0


100

1000

Eq/day

MEq/day

M

100 Eq/dayM

370380390400410

E EEE EE E EE EEE E EEE EE E EEEE EEE

EE

E EEEE EE

EEEEEEEEE E

EEE EE EEEE EEEEEEEEE EE EEEEEEE EEGGG

G

GGG

G GG G

G

GG GG G

G

G G G G G G G G GCC C C C C C C CAAAA A A A AAA A A AA AAAAAA

AAAA AAAA

A

AA AA AAAA AA AA AA

AAAA A A AA AA

10

100

1000

1

10

100

1000

2/1/1988 3/1/1988 4/1/1988 5/1/1988 6/1/1988 7/1/1988 8/1/1988 9/1/1988 10/1/1988 11/1/1988 12/1/1988 1/1/1989 2/1/1989

Eq/d

ayEq/day



F 45

MM

45

MME

EE E E

GGG

GG

G

GG

G

GGGGGGG

G

GG

G

GGGGG

G

GG

G

GGGGG

G

GGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGG

G

G

G

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGG

G

GGGG GGGGGG

GGGGG

G

G

GGGGGGGGG

GGG GGGGGGGGGG

GG

GGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGG

GGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGG

GGGGGGGGG

GG

CCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCC

C

CCCCCC

CCC

C

CCCC

C

C

C

CCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCC

CCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCC

C

CCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCC

C

C

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCAA

AA

A AAA AA A A

AA1

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day



EE E E EG G G G GC C C C C C

C

CC2 2 2 2 2

22 2 2 2

222 2 2 22@1

10

100

10

Eq/d

ayEq/day




B BB

B

H56

456

MM

370380390400410

370380390400410

2/1/1988 3/1/1988 4/1/1988 5/1/1988 6/1/1988 7/1/1988 8/1/1988 9/1/1988 10/1/1988 11/1/1988 12/1/1988 1/1/1989 2/1/1989

Tilt

mag

(ur)


GG

ff





1000

10000

Eq/d

ay

MEq

/day

M

1000

Eq/d

ayM

Tilt

mag

(ur)

E EEEE E EEE E EEEE E E E EE E EEEEEEEEE

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

GG

G

GGG

GG

GG

G

GGGG

G

GGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGG G G G

GGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGG

G GCC

CCCCCC

CCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCC C

CCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

C

C

CCCC

C

C CA AA AA

AA A AAAA A A AAA AAAA AAAA AAA A A

10

1

10

12/1/2003 12/1/2004 12/1/2005 12/1/2006 12/1/2007

Eq

/da

y

Eq

/da

y

Appendix figure G1 h

HCurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/1989-2/1/1990: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0


100

1000

Eq/day

MM

100 Eq/dayEq/day

M

370380390400410


EEEE

E

E EE E E E E EEE E E E E EEE E E EE EEE E E E EEE

EG GG

G

GGGGG GG G GG G G GG GG GG G G GG G GG GGGGCC C C C C C C C C CAA AAAAA A AAAAA A AA

AA A AAAA

A AAA AA AA A AA

AAAA A A AA AA

10

100

1000

10000

1

10

1000

2/1/1989 3/1/1989 4/1/1989 5/1/1989 6/1/1989 7/1/1989 8/1/1989 9/1/1989 10/1/1989 11/1/1989 12/1/1989 1/1/1990 2/1/1990

Eq/d

ayEq/day



45

MME E

EE

EEE EEE E EEE E E E E E

EEE EG

GGGG

GG G G G GG G G G GGGG G G GCC C C CC

CC C C C C2 2

22 2 2 2@ @ @

@@ @1

10

100

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day




45

MME E

EE

EEEEEEE

E

E E EE E EE EE E EGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GG

GGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGG

GGG GGGG

G

GGGGGGG

G

GGGGGG

GGG

G

GG

GGGG

GG

GGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGG

G

G

GGGGG

GG

GGGGG

G

G

G

GGG

G

GGG

G

GGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGG

G

GG

GGGG

GGGG

G

GG

G

GGGGGGGGGG

GG

GGGGGGG

GG

G

G

GG

G

G

GGGGGG

G

GGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GG

G

G

G

GG

G

G

G

GG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGG

G

C

C


C

C

C

CCCCC

CC

CCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CC CCCCC

C

CCCC

C

C

CC

CCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCC

C

CC

CCCCCC

C

CCCC CCC

CCCCC

C

CC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCC

CCC

CCC

C

CC

C

CCCCCCC

CCCC

CCC

CCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCC

A A

A

A A A A A A1

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day



BB

B

H56

456

MM




370380390400410

370380390400410

2/1/1989 3/1/1989 4/1/1989 5/1/1989 6/1/1989 7/1/1989 8/1/1989 9/1/1989 10/1/1989 11/1/1989 12/1/1989 1/1/1990 2/1/1990

Tilt

mag

(ur)


Eq/d

ay

1000

Eq/d

ay

1000

10000

Eq/d

ay

MM

MTi

lt m

ag (u

r)

10

Eq

/da

y

Appendix figure G1 i

ICurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/1990-2/1/1991: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0


1000

Eq/day

M

100

Eq/dayM

100 Eq/dayM

370380390400410

E E E EE EE E EE E E E E E EGGG G G GG GG G G GGG GG GG GGG G G GG G G

G

GG G GCC CCCC C C C CC C C C CCC CC

CCC C CC C C

C

C

C C C2 2 2 2 22 2 2@ @ @ @ @ @1

10

100

10

Eq/d

ayEq/day




E E E E EE

E E EE

GG

G

GG

GGGGGGG

G

GGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GG

G

GGG

GGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGG

G

G

G

G

G

GGGGG

G

GGGGGGGG

GGGGG

GGGGGG

G

GG

G

G

GGGGGGGG

G

GGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGG

GGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGG

GGG

GGG

G

GGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGG

G

GGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGG

GG

CCCCC

C

CC

CCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCC

C

C

C

CC

CCCCC

C

C

CCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCC

C

C

CCCCC CCCCCC

C

C

CCC

CCCCCCCCC

CCCCCC CCC

CCCCCCC

CC

C

CCCCCC

CCCCC CCC

CC

CCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCC

C

CCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCC

C

CCCCC C

CCCC

A A A AAA A AA

A A A AA A1

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day



EE EEEEE EEE

EE EEEEE E E E

EE EE EE EEEEE

EEEEEEE

EEEEEE EEEE

EEEEEE EE

E

EE E E E EG G GG G G G G G G GG G GG G G

G

GGG G GG G

GGGG G

GGGG GG

GGGCC C C CC CC CAAAAA AAAA AA A AA AA A A A AAAA A AAA AAAAA

A

A

A

A A AAAAA

AAAA A

AAAA AA A

AAA

10

100

1000

10000

1

10

1000

2/1/1990 3/1/1990 4/1/1990 5/1/1990 6/1/1990 7/1/1990 8/1/1990 9/1/1990 10/1/1990 11/1/1990 12/1/1990 1/1/1991 2/1/1991

Eq/d

ayEq/day



Z Z

45

MM

45

MM

B56

456

MM

EEGG

ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ffff



= Significant eq M ≥ 5.0 Z "Silent"eq (spreading steps)Episode 48 continuing

370380390400410

370380390400410

2/1/1990 3/1/1990 4/1/1990 5/1/1990 6/1/1990 7/1/1990 8/1/1990 9/1/1990 10/1/1990 11/1/1990 12/1/1990 1/1/1991 2/1/1991

Tilt

mag


Appendix figure G1 jCurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/1991-2/1/1992: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0

J Single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0 (closed symbols)Located earthquakes (open symbols) Earthquake counts (vertical lines)

EEEEE EEEEEE

EE

EE

EEEEEEEEEEEE

EE E

EEEEEEEEEE

EEE

EEE EEEE

E EE

E

E EE

E

EEEEEE EEEEEEEEEE

EEEEE EE

EEEE

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

E

EEEEEEE

E

EEG

G

G GGGG G G G

G

G

G

G

G G GGG G GGG GG GC C C C C CAA A

AAAA A

AAAA A AAAAAAAA A

AA A A

AA

AAA A A A

AAAA AA A A AAA A A A

AA A A1

10

100

1000

1

10

100

1000

2/1/1991 3/1/1991 4/1/1991 5/1/1991 6/1/1991 7/1/1991 8/1/1991 9/1/1991 10/1/1991 11/1/1991 12/1/1991 1/1/1992 2/1/1992

Eq/d

ayEq/day

45

MME E E E

EE E E EGG G G

G

GG G G GGGGG GG G G G G G GGGGGG G GGGG

GG GG G GGG GGGGGG

CCCC

C

C

C

CCCCCCC

CC

CC CC CC CCCC CC CCCCC C C

C

C CC CCCCC CCCC C CC C

CCCC CCCC

CC

A2 2 2 2 2 2 2 22@ @@

@1

10

100

10

Eq/d

ayEq/day




45

MM

56

456

MM

EEGG GG GG

B BEpisode 48 continuing




Episode 49

E EE E E E E EEGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGG GG

GG

GG GGGGGGGGG

GGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGG GGG

GGGGGGG G

GGGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGG GGGG

GGGGGGGG

GG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGG

G

GGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGC

C

C

C

C

C

C CCCCCCC

CCCCCCC

CCC

C

C

CCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCC CCC

CCC CCC

CCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CC CCCCCC

C

CCC

CCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCC

C

CCCC

CC

CC

C

CC CCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCC

C

CCC

A A AA

1

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day



Eq/d

ay

1000

Eq/d

ay

1000

Eq/d

ay

A F Deep magma supply path (20-35 km)Kïlauea caldera E J (0-5 km) G B (5-10 km) C H (10-20 km)

370380390400410

370380390400410

2/1/1991 3/1/1991 4/1/1991 5/1/1991 6/1/1991 7/1/1991 8/1/1991 9/1/1991 10/1/1991 11/1/1991 12/1/1991 1/1/1992 2/1/1992

Tilt

mag

(ur)

Tilt

mag

(ur)

Uwëkahuna water-tube tilt magnitude: daily readings

Appendix figure G1 kCurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/1992-2/1/1993: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0

Single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0 (closed symbols)Located earthquakes (open symbols) Earthquake counts (vertical lines)K

1000

Eq/day

MEq/day

MM

Eq/day

EEEEE

EEEE

E

EEEEEE

E

E

E

EEEEEE

E

E

EEE

EEE

EE EEEE

E

EEEEE

E

EEE EE

EEE

E

E EE E EEE

EE

E

E

E

E

G

GG G

GGGGG

G

GG G

GG G G

GG G

GG G G G

G

GG

G

GC C

C

C C CC

C CCAAA A AA AAA

AAA A A A AAAAA AA

AAAAAA A AA AA AAAA AAAAAAA A1

10

100

1

10

100

2/1/1992 3/1/1992 4/1/1992 5/1/1992 6/1/1992 7/1/1992 8/1/1992 9/1/1992 10/1/1992 11/1/1992 12/1/1992 1/1/1993 2/1/1993

Eq/d

ayEq/day

B 45

MME EE E E E EGGGG

G

G GGGG GGG GG G GG G GG G G GG

G G G G G G GCC

C

C

CCC

CC

C

C

CCCCCCC

CCCCCC CCC

CC

CC CC C C C C CC2 22 2 2 22 2 2 2 2 2

2

@

@ @ @ @ @1

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day




45

MME E E E E E E E E E E E E

GG

GGGGG

GGGG

G

G

GG

G

GGG

G

GGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGG GG

GGGG G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGG

GGG

G

GGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGG

GGGGGGGGG

GGGG GG

GG

GGGGGGGG

G

GGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

C

CCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCC

CCCCC

CCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCC

C

C

C CCCCCCC

C

CCCCC

CCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCC

C

CCCC CCC

C

CCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCC

CCC

C

CCCCCCCCA A A AA1

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day



B

56

456

MM

GG GG

@@

B B BB B Bffffffffff ffff ffff ffffffffff ff ff ff ff ff ff



48 end50 51 52


MEq

/day

M

1000

Eq/d

ayM

Eq/d

ay


390400410420430

390400410420430

2/1/1992 3/1/1992 4/1/1992 5/1/1992 6/1/1992 7/1/1992 8/1/1992 9/1/1992 10/1/1992 11/1/1992 12/1/1992 1/1/1993 2/1/1993

Tilt

mag

(ur)

Tilt

mag

(ur)

E

E

EE

EE

EEE

E

EE EEEE

EE

EEEEE

E


E

E EE E

E

E

E

E

E E

EEEE

EEG G GG G GG G GGC C C C C CAAAAAAAA AAAAAA AA AA

A

AA A A AA A AAA AAAA

A

A AA A AAAA AAAAAA A

AA AAAAAAAA

AAAAAAAA

AAAA AAA

AAAA 12/1/1982 3/1/1982 4/1/1982 5/1/1982 6/1/1982 7/1/1982 8/1/1982 9/1/1982 10/1/1982 11/1/1982 12/1/1982 1/1/1983 2/1/1983 2/1/1983


Appendix figure G1 l

LCurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/1993-2/1/1994: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0


10

100

2/1/1993

Eq/dayM

10

100 Eq/dayM

10

100 Eq/dayM

45

MME EE E EE E E EEG

G

G

GG GG G G GGG GG G

C

C

CCCCC C C CCC C C C C C C C2 22 2 2 2 22

22 2@@@

@@

@ @ @ @1

10

100

10

Eq/d

ayEq/day




45M

ME E E E EGGGGG

G

GG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGG GGGGGG G

G

GGGGGGGG GG

GGGGGG

GGGGGGGG GGG

G

GGGG G GGGGGG

G

GGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGG

GG

G

G

GG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGG

GGGGGG

G

GGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGG

CCC

CC

C

C

C

C

C

C

CCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCC

C


CCCCC

C

CCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCC CCCC

CCCCCCCCC C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CC

CC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCC

CCC

C

C

C

CCCCCC CCCCCC CC

CCC CC CA A A AA A A1

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day



H56

456

MM

EEGG

BBf f




5352

E

E

EE

EEEE

EE

EEEE EEEE EEEE

E

E EEEE EEEEE E EE

EEEE E EEE E E EEEE EG G

G

GGG G G GG

G G GG G G GGG

G G GG GGGCC

C C C C C CC C C CC

A A AAAA AA A A A AA AA AAA AAAA AAA A AA

A

AAA A AA AA AA A

AAAA

A

1

10

100

1

10

100

2/1/1993 3/1/1993 4/1/1993 5/1/1993 6/1/1993 7/1/1993 8/1/1993 9/1/1993 10/1/1993 11/1/1993 12/1/1993 1/1/1994 2/1/1994

Eq/d

ayEq/day

MM

1000

Eq/d

ayEq

/day

1000

Eq/d

ayM


390400410420430

2/1/1993

390400410420430

390400410420430

2/1/1993 3/1/1993 4/1/1993 5/1/1993 6/1/1993 7/1/1993 8/1/1993 9/1/1993 10/1/1993 11/1/1993 12/1/1993 1/1/1994 2/1/1994

Tilt

mag

(ur)

Tilt

mag

(ur)

2/1/1983E E E E E

EEEE

E

EEEEG

GGGGGG

G G

G

G GGGGC CC C C CCC CC

C C

C

CCCC CC C

A

A AA A AA A AAA AAA A AAAA A AAA AA A AA AAAAA AAA A

A

A AAAA A A A A 12/1/1983 3/1/1983 4/1/1983 5/1/1983 6/1/1983 7/1/1983 8/1/1983 9/1/1983 10/1/1983 11/1/1983 12/1/1983 1/1/1984 2/1/1984


Appendix figure G1 m

MCurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/1994-2/1/1995: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0


M

10

Eq/dayM

10

100 Eq/dayM

10

100

2/1/1994

Eq/day

45

MM

45M

ME E EE

GGG GGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGG

G

G GG G GGGGGGGG

G

GGGG

G

G GGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGG

G

GGGG GGGG GGGGGGGG GGGGGGG

GGG GG G

GGGGGGGG G

GGGGGGGGGG

G

G

GG

G

GG G GGGG GC

C

CCCCC

CCCCC C C

CCC

CC CCC

CCCC

CC

C

CCCCCCCCCC CCCCC

CC C CCCC

CC CCCC CCC

C

C

C

CCCC

C

CCC

CCCCCCC CC CCCCCCCA A

AA

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day

E E E E E E E EEE EG G G G G G G GC C C CC C CC C2 @ @ @

10

100

10

Eq/d

ay Eq/day




E E E EEE E EE

E E E E EEEEE

EEE

EE E E

EEE E E

E

EG GG GG GG G G G GG GC C C C C

A

A

AA

AA A A

A

A A AAAA A A AA AAA AA A A A A A A

AA A A

10

100

1000

1

10

100

2/1/1994 3/1/1994 4/1/1994 5/1/1994 6/1/1994 7/1/1994 8/1/1994 9/1/1994 10/1/1994 11/1/1994 12/1/1994 1/1/1995 2/1/1995

Eq/d

ayEq/day



B B

56

456

MM

ff ff ff ff ff ff





MM

1000

Eq/d

ayEq

/day

1000

Eq/d

ay


390400410420430

2/1/1994

390400410420430

390400410420430

2/1/1994 3/1/1994 4/1/1994 5/1/1994 6/1/1994 7/1/1994 8/1/1994 9/1/1994 10/1/1994 11/1/1994 12/1/1994 1/1/1995 2/1/1995

Tilt

mag

(ur)

Tilt

mag

(ur)

E E E E E EE E

EE EEE EEE EE EEEE

E EEEE

EE

EEE EEEE

GG GG GG GG G G G

GGG GG GGG GGG GG G G G

G

GGG G GG GG G GC C C CC C C C CCC C C C C C CC

CA A A A AA A AAAAA AAAA AAA AAA AAAA A AA AAA A A A 1

2/1/1984 3/1/1984 4/1/1984 5/1/1984 6/1/1984 7/1/1984 8/1/1984 9/1/1984 10/1/1984 11/1/1984 12/1/1984 1/1/1985 2/1/1985


Appendix figure G1 n

NCurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/1995-2/1/1996 earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0


MM

100 Eq/dayEq/day

100 Eq/dayM

F 45

MM

45M

MEE E E EEEGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGG GGG GGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGG

GGG GGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGG GGG

GG

GG

G

GGGGGGG

GGGG

GGGGGG

GGGGGGGGG

G

CCCCCCCCCCC C

C

CCCC C

C

CC CCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCC CCCC C

C

C CCCCCCC

CCC C

C

CC CC CCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCC

CC

CCCCCCCC

C

CCCC

C

A A A A

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day

E

E

E

E

E E EE E E EGG

G G G G G G G G GC C C C CCC C C

C

A2@ @ @ @@

10

100

10

Eq/d

ay Eq/day




EEE E

EE

EEE E

E

E E E E EEEEE

E

E EEE E E E EEEEE

E

G GG

G G G G G GG

GGGG G G

G

CC

C CCAA AA A A A A AA A A A A A AA

A

A A A A

A

A A A

10

100

1000

1

10

100

2/1/1995 3/1/1995 4/1/1995 5/1/1995 6/1/1995 7/1/1995 8/1/1995 9/1/1995 10/1/1995 11/1/1995 12/1/1995 1/1/1996 2/1/1996

Eq/d

ayEq/day



B56

456

MM

ff ff ff ff ffEpisode 53 continuing




MM

100

1000

Eq/d

ay

100

Eq/d

ay

100

1000

Eq/d

ayM


390400410420430

390400410420430

390400410420430

2/1/1995 3/1/1995 4/1/1995 5/1/1995 6/1/1995 7/1/1995 8/1/1995 9/1/1995 10/1/1995 11/1/1995 12/1/1995 1/1/1996 2/1/1996

Tilt

mag

(ur)

370380390400410420

Tilt

mag

(ur)

EE

E E EEEE

E

EEE

EE

E

E

E EE E

EE

EEE

E

EEEEEEEEEEE

EEEEEE E

EEE

EEEEEEEEE EEEG G GGG G GGG

G

G G G GGGG G

G GG G G G G

G

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGC C C C CCC C C C C CCA AA AA AA A A A AA A AA AA A A A A

AA

AA A AA AAA A 12/1/1985 3/1/1985 4/1/1985 5/1/1985 6/1/1985 7/1/1985 8/1/1985 9/1/1985 10/1/1985 11/1/1985 12/1/1985 1/1/1986 2/1/1986


Appendix figure G1 o

OCurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/1996-2/1/1997: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0


MM

10

100 Eq/day

10

Eq/day

10

100

2/1/1996

Eq/dayM

F 45

MM

45M

ME E EGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGG

GGGGGGGGG

GGGGGG

G

G

G

GGGG G G

GGG G

GG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GG

GGGGGG G

G

GG

GGGGGGGGGGGG G

GG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GG

GGGGGGG

GG

GGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGG

GGGGGGG

C

C

CCCCCCC CC

CCCCCCCCCCC C

CCCC

CCCCCCCCCCC

C

CC

CCCCCC

CCCCCC C CCCC

CC

CCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCC CCC

CCCCCCCCCC CCC CCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCC

C

CCC CCCCC CCCCC

CA

A

A

A A A A

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day

E E E E E E E EEE EG G G G G G G GC C C CC C CC C2 @ @ @

10

100

10

Eq/d

ay Eq/day




E

EE EE

EE E E E E EEEEE

EEEEE

E

E EE E EE EEE E E

E E E

E

E

EEEE

E

E E EEEEEEE E E

E

EG

G G G G

GG

GGG G G G G G

GG GC C C C C CA AA A AA A

AA AAA A

AA A A A A A A

AA A A A A A A

AA

10

100

1000

1

10

100

2/1/1996 3/1/1996 4/1/1996 5/1/1996 6/1/1996 7/1/1996 8/1/1996 9/1/1996 10/1/1996 11/1/1996 12/1/1996 1/1/1997 2/1/1997

Eq/d

ayEq/day



H

56

456

MM

EEGG GG

BBBf f ff ff ffgg gg

Episode 53 endepisode 54





Eq/d

ayEq

/day

Eq/d

ay

A F Deep magma supply path (20-35 km)

Kïlauea caldera E J (0-5 km) G B (5-10 km) C H (10-20 km)

390400410420430

2/1/1996

370380390400410420

370380390400410420

2/1/1996 3/1/1996 4/1/1996 5/1/1996 6/1/1996 7/1/1996 8/1/1996 9/1/1996 10/1/1996 11/1/1996 12/1/1996 1/1/1997 2/1/1997

Tilt

mag

(ur)

Tilt

mag

(ur)

EEEE

E

EEE EEEE

E EEEE EEEEE

E

EE

EE EE

E

EEE EE E E EE EEEE E EEE

EEEE E E EE E E EEEEEE

EGG G

G

G GG G G G GG G

G

G G GGG

G

G G GG G G GCC C CC C C CC CC CA A AA

A AAAA

A

AAAAA AAA AAAAA AAA

AAA A

A

AAA A AAAAAA AA A A

AAAAA

A AA

1 12/1/1986 3/1/1986 4/1/1986 5/1/1986 6/1/1986 7/1/1986 8/1/1986 9/1/1986 10/1/1986 11/1/1986 12/1/1986 1/1/1987 2/1/1987


Appendix figure G1 p

PCurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/1997-2/1/1998 earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0Current eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/1996-2/1/1997: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0


MM

Eq/dayEq/day

Eq/dayM

BBF 45

M

M

45M

M

E E E E E E E E E E E EG GG GGGGGGG G G

G

G G G G GCCCCCCCCCC

C

CC

C

C C C CC C C C C C CC2 222 2

@

@@@

@ @ @

10

100

10

Eq/d

ay Eq/day




EEEE E

EEEEEEEEEEEE

EE

EEE EEE E

E

E EEE

EE

EEE

E

EEE E E

EE

EE EE E E E

EEEE E EEEE

E

EE EEEEE

E

E

E

E

E

EG G G

G

GG

G

G

GGG G G G GG G G GGGG GG G

G

G

GGC C C CC C CCC C CC CC

C CCCA AAAA AA AA A A A AAA

AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA

A

AA

AAA

A AAAA

A A AA

10

100

1000

1

10

100

2/1/1997 3/1/1997 4/1/1997 5/1/1997 6/1/1997 7/1/1997 8/1/1997 9/1/1997 10/1/1997 11/1/1997 12/1/1997 1/1/1998 2/1/1998

Eq/d

ay

Eq/day



BB

56

456

M

M

EEGG

@@

B ff ffffffff ffff ff ffff ff ffgg




Episode 55

E E E EGG

G

GGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGG GGG

GG

G

GGG G GGGG

G

GGGG

GGGG

GGGGGGG

GGGG

G

GGGGGG

GGGG

GG

GGGGGGGG

G

GG

G

G

G

GGGGGGG

GG

GGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGG G GG

GGGGG

GGG GGGGG

GGGGGGGG

C

CCCCCCCCCCCC C

CCCC

CCCCC

CCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCC

C

CCCCCC CC

CCC CCCC

CCC

C

CCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCC

CCCCCCCCC CCC CCCC CC CCCCCCC

CCA A A A A A A A

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day

MM

100

1000

Eq/d

ay

100

Eq/d

ay

100

1000

Eq/d

ayM

370380390400410420

Tilt

mag

(ur)


370380390400410420

370380390400410420

2/1/1997 3/1/1997 4/1/1997 5/1/1997 6/1/1997 7/1/1997 8/1/1997 9/1/1997 10/1/1997 11/1/1997 12/1/1997 1/1/1998 2/1/1998

Tilt

mag

(ur)

EEEEE E

E

E E E EEE

EEE EEEEEE EEE EE EE E E

EEE E

E

EEE EEEEEEEEEE EEE E E EE

EEEE

EE EEEEEE EEG G G G

GG

G G GG G GGG GGG G G G G GC C CCC C C C CC C C C C CAA AAA

A AAA A A A AA

AA A

AA A A A A

AA 1

2/1/1987 3/1/1987 4/1/1987 5/1/1987 6/1/1987 7/1/1987 8/1/1987 9/1/1987 10/1/1987 11/1/1987 12/1/1987 1/1/1988 2/1/1988


Appendix figure G1 q

QCurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/1998-2/1/1999: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0


MM

10

Eq/day

10

100

2/1/1998

Eq/dayM

10

100 Eq/day

JJJF F 4

5

MM

45M

M


E E E E E E E EGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGG G GG

G

GG

G

GGGGGGGGGG GGG

GG GGGGGGGGGGG

GG GGG

GG

G

GGGGGG

G

GG GGGGGGGGG

GG

GG

GGGGGGG

G

GGGG

G

G

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

G GGGGG

GGGG GGGGG GG

C CCCCC

CCCCCCCCC

C CCCCCCCCCCCCC C C CC

C

CCCCCCCCCCC CC

CCCC CCCCC C

CC

C

CCCCC

C

CCCCC

C

CCCCCC CC

CC

CCCCCCCCC

C

C

CC

CCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCC CA A A A A A

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day

E E E E E E EEEE

GG

GC C C C CC

A2 2 2 22@ @

10

100

10

Eq/d

ay Eq/day




EE EE E E

E

EE E EEEEE EEEE EEE E

EE

EE

EE EE EEE

EE EGG GG G G G GG G G GGG GG GG G

GGG G GG GC C C C C C C C C C CA AA AA AAAAA A AAAA A A

AA A A AA

AA

AAAAAAAAAAAAA AA

A

A A

A

AAAA AAA AAAAAA

AAAA

AAAAAAAA AAA A

AAA AAAAA

AA A

A

10

100

1000

1

10

100

2/1/1998 3/1/1998 4/1/1998 5/1/1998 6/1/1998 7/1/1998 8/1/1998 9/1/1998 10/1/1998 11/1/1998 12/1/1998 1/1/1999 2/1/1999

Eq/d

ayEq/day



B

B

56

456

MM

ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff55





370380390400410420

370380390400410420

2/1/1998 3/1/1998 4/1/1998 5/1/1998 6/1/1998 7/1/1998 8/1/1998 9/1/1998 10/1/1998 11/1/1998 12/1/1998 1/1/1999 2/1/1999

Tilt

mag

(ur)

Eq/d

ayEq

/day


370380390400410420

2/1/1998

E EEE EE E EE EEE E EEE EE E EEEE EEE

EE

E EEEE EE

EEEEEEEEE E

EEE EE EEEE EEEEEEEEE EE EEEEEEE EEGGG

G

GGG

G GG G

G

GG GG G

G

G G G G G G G G GCC C C C C C C CAAAA A A A AAA A A AA AAAAAA

AAAA AAAA

A

AA AA AAAA AA AA AA

AAAA A A AA AA 1

2/1/1988 3/1/1988 4/1/1988 5/1/1988 6/1/1988 7/1/1988 8/1/1988 9/1/1988 10/1/1988 11/1/1988 12/1/1988 1/1/1989 2/1/1989


Eq/d

ay

Appendix figure G1 r

R

Eq/d

ayEq

/day

Current eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/1993-2/1/1994: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0Single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0 (closed symbols)Located earthquakes (open symbols) Earthquake counts (vertical lines)

MM

Eq/dayEq/day

Eq/dayM

EE E EEEE E E EEE

EEEEE E EEE E

E

E

EEEEEEEE E EE

E

E EEEEEEEEE

EE EEE E

EEEEE

G G

G

G

G G G G G G G GG G G GC C C C C C C C CC CAAAAAAAAAA AAAA

A

A A AAAA AAAA AAAA AAA AAA AA AAA AAA A

A AAAA AAA A

A

AAAA AAAA A A AAAAAAA

10

100

1000

1

10

100

2/1/1999 3/1/1999 4/1/1999 5/1/1999 6/1/1999 7/1/1999 8/1/1999 9/1/1999 10/1/1999 11/1/1999 12/1/1999 1/1/2000 2/1/2000

Eq/d

ay

Eq/day

B F 45

M

ME EE E EE

E E EG GGGG GGG G G GC C C C CC C C

C

C

CCCCCCCC CC C

22

22

222 2 2 2@ @ @ @ @ @ @

10

100

10

Eq/d

ay Eq/day




45M

M

Hilea earthquake M 5.6 triggered seismicity

E E EGGGGGGGGGGGG

GG GGGG GGG G G G G GGGG GG GGG

GG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GG

GGGGGG GG G


GGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGG

GGGGGGG

GG GGGGGGGGCCCCCC

CCCCCCC

C

CCCC

CC

CCCCCCC

CC

CCCCC C CC CCCC

C

CCC CCC CCCCCCCC CC CCC

C

CCCC

C

CCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCC

CC

CCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCC

AAA

AA AA

A

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ay

Eq/day



HH

56

456

M

M

GG

ff ff ff ff f f ff ffffEpisode 55 continuing




Hilea earthquake M 5.6

370380390400410420

370380390400410420

2/1/1999 3/1/1999 4/1/1999 5/1/1999 6/1/1999 7/1/1999 8/1/1999 9/1/1999 10/1/1999 11/1/1999 12/1/1999 1/1/2000 2/1/2000

Tilt

mag

(ur)


Tilt

mag

(ur)

EEEE

E

E EE E E E E EEE E E E E EEE E E EE EEE E E E EEE

EG GG

G

GGGGG GG G GG G G GG GG GG G G GG G GG GGGGCC C C C C C C C C CAA AAAAA A AAAAA A AA

AA A AAAA

A AAA AA AA A AA

AAAA A A AA AA 1

2/1/1989 3/1/1989 4/1/1989 5/1/1989 6/1/1989 7/1/1989 8/1/1989 9/1/1989 10/1/1989 11/1/1989 12/1/1989 1/1/1990 2/1/1990


JF 4

5

MM

EE E E

EE

EE

EEEEEEEEEE E EEE

EEEEEEEEEE

EEE

EE

E

EE

EE

EEE EE E E E

EEEEEEEE

EEEE E

E

E EE

E

EEEEE

EEE

EE

E

EEEEEE E

EGGG G G GGG GG G G GG

GGG G GGG GGGG G GG GGGGGG

CC CCC C C C C C C CC CAAA

A

AA

A

AAAAAAA AA

A

AAAAAAA

A

AAAA AAA A AAAAAAA A A AA

AAA A A

AAAAA

AA AAAAA AAA AA A

AA AAAAA A

A

AAAAAAA AAA

10

100

1000

1

10

100

2/1/2000 3/1/2000 4/1/2000 5/1/2000 6/1/2000 7/1/2000 8/1/2000 9/1/2000 10/1/2000 11/1/2000 12/1/2000 1/1/2001 2/1/2001

Eq/d

ayEq/day

Appendix figure G1 s

SCurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/2000-2/1/2001 earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0

E E E EE

E E EGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGG

GGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGG

GGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGG G

GGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGG

GGGGGGG

GG

GGGGGG

GGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCC

CC

CCCCCC

CCCCCCCC

CCCCCCC

CC

C

CC

CC

CCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCC

CC

CC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CC

CCC

C

C

CCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC

CCCCC

CCC

CCCCCCCC

C

C

C

CCC

C

C

CCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

C

CCCCCCC

CCCCCA

AA

AA

AA A A

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day

EE

EEE E E E E E E

EE EG GG

GG G G G GG G GGGGG G

GC

C

C

CCCCCCCCCC C CC CCC C C C C C C C C C2 2 22 2 2@

@@@ @@ @@ @@@@

@@ @ @ @ @ @ @

10

100

10

Eq/d

ay Eq/day


1

10

100

2/1/2000

Eq/day

45 M

10

Eq/day

45 M

10

100 Eq/day

456 M

370380390400410420

2/1/2000

45M

M






H56

456

MM

GG

ff ffgg5555






370380390400410420

370380390400410420

2/1/2000 3/1/2000 4/1/2000 5/1/2000 6/1/2000 7/1/2000 8/1/2000 9/1/2000 10/1/2000 11/1/2000 12/1/2000 1/1/2001 2/1/2001

Tilt

mag

(ur)

EE EEEEE EEE

EE EEEEE E E E

EE EE EE EEEEE

EEEEEEE

EEEEEE EEEE

EEEEEE EE

E

EE E E E EG G GG G G G G G G GG G GG G G

G

GGG G GG G

GGGG G

GGGG GG

GGGCC C C CC CC CAAAAA AAAA AA A AA AA A A A AAAA A AAA AAAAA

A

A

A

A A AAAAA

AAAA A

AAAA AA A

AAA

12/1/1990 3/1/1990 4/1/1990 5/1/1990 6/1/1990 7/1/1990 8/1/1990 9/1/1990 10/1/1990 11/1/1990 12/1/1990 1/1/1991 2/1/1991


Appendix figure G1 t

TCurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/2006-2/1/2007: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0


EEEEE E E

EE EEE

EE

EEE E

E

E EE

EEE E EEEE EE EE EE

EEE

EEEEEEE

EEEEEEEEEE EE

EE

EEEEEEG

GGG

GGGGGG G G

G

GG G G GG GGGG G GGGGG G G G G G

G

G

G

G GG

C C C C C C CCCCC C C CC

CC

CCC C CCAA A A

AAAAAAAAAA AA

AAAA

AAAAAA

AAA

AAA

AAA AA

A

AAA AAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAA

A

AAAAAAAAAA

A

AAAAAAA

AAA AAAAA

AAAA AAAAAA AAAAAAA A

AA

10

100

1000

1

10

100

2/1/2001 3/1/2001 4/1/2001 5/1/2001 6/1/2001 7/1/2001 8/1/2001 9/1/2001 10/1/2001 11/1/2001 12/1/2001 1/1/2002 2/1/2002

Eq/d

ayEq/day

BB 4

5

MM

45

MM

E E E E E E EEEE

EE E E E

EEEGG G G GG G GG GGGGG GGG GGGGGG G G GG

GG G G G GGGC C C CCC CCC C C C C

C C

CCC CCA A A2 2 2 22 2 222 22 22

22@ @

@ @@

@@ @ @ @ @@ @@

@@@@ @ @@@ @ @ @ @

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ay Eq/day




E E E E EEE EE

GGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGG

GGGGGGGG

GG

GGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGG

GGGGGG

GG

GGGGG

GG

G

G


GGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGG

G

G

GGGGGGG

G

GGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GG

GGGGGG

GGGGGGG

G

GGGGGG

G

GGGG

GG

G

GGGGGGGGGGG

G

G

GGGGG

GGGGGCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC

C

CCC

CCCCCC

C

CCCCC

CCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CC

CCCCCCCC

C

CCCC

CC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCC

CCCCCC

C

CCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCC

C

C CCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CC

C

CCCC

C

CCCCCC

CC

CAAA A A A A A

AA

A AA

A A

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ay Eq/day



B

56

456

MM

GGGG GG

gg gg22





1000

Eq/d

ayM

M

100

1000

Eq/d

ay

100

1000

Eq/d

ayM

Tilt

mag

(ur)

EEEEE EEEEEE

EE

EE

EEEEEEEEEEEE

EE E

EEEEEEEEEE

EEE

EEE EEEE

E EE

E

E EE

E

EEEEEE EEEEEEEEEE

EEEEE EE

EEEE

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

E

EEEEEEE

E

EEG

G

G GGGG G G G

G

G

G

G

G G GGG G GGG GG GC C C C C CAA A

AAAA A

AAAA A AAAAAAAA A

AA A A

AA

AAA A A A

AAAA AA A A AAA A A A

AA A A1 1

2/1/1991 3/1/1991 4/1/1991 5/1/1991 6/1/1991 7/1/1991 8/1/1991 9/1/1991 10/1/1991 11/1/1991 12/1/1991 1/1/1992 2/1/1992


370380390400410420

370380390400410420

2/1/2001 3/1/2001 4/1/2001 5/1/2001 6/1/2001 7/1/2001 8/1/2001 9/1/2001 10/1/2001 11/1/2001 12/1/2001 1/1/2002 2/1/2002

Tilt

mag

(ur) Uwëkahuna water-tube tilt magnitude: daily readings

Appendix figure G1 u

UCurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/2002-2/1/2003: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0


Eq/dayM

MEq/day

Eq/dayM

EEE E E

EE

E

EEEEEEEEEEE

E

EEEEE

EE

EEEEE

E

E

E

EEEEEEE

EEEEEEEEE

E

EE

EEEEEEEEEEE

EE

E EEEE E EE EEEEE

EE

E

EEEEE EEEEEE EE

EEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEE

EEE E

EEEEEEEGG G G GGG

GGGGG G GG

GGG G G GG G G GG GGG

GG G G G GG GG GG GGG

GGGGGGG G G

GGGC C

CCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCC

C CC CC C CC C CC C C

CC

CC

C

CCCCCCC

CC

C

CAA AAAAAAA A A AA

AA

AAAAAAAA AA AAAAA A AAA

A

AAAAAAAAA

A

AA

A

AA A A

A

AAAAAAAA AA A AA

AAA

AAAAAAAAAAA

AAAAA AA AAAA

AAA

A

A

A

AAA

10

100

1000

1

10

100

2/1/2002 3/1/2002 4/1/2002 5/1/2002 6/1/2002 7/1/2002 8/1/2002 9/1/2002 10/1/2002 11/1/2002 12/1/2002 1/1/2003 2/1/2003

Eq/d

ayEq/day

45

MM

45

MM

E E E E EE E EEE E EE

E E E E EE E E E E E EGG G G GGGG GG

G GGG G GGG G G G GCCC CC CCCC CC CC C C C

CCCC CCC

C

AA A A A2 2 2 22 222 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2@ @ @@ @ @@ @@ @@@@ @@ @ @@@ @ @ @ @ @@ @

@

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ay Eq/day




EE EE E E EE EE E EE E EE EG

GGGGGG

GGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGG


G

GGGGGGGG

G

GGGG

G

G

GGGG

G

G

G

GGGGG GGG

GGGGG

GGGGGGGGGG

GGG

GGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGG

G

GG

GGGG

G

GGGGG

GG

G

G

GG

GG

GGG

GGGGGGGGGG

G

G

GGGGGGGGGGG

GG

G


GG

G

G

GGGG

CCCC C

CC

CC

CC

CCCCCCCCC

C

C CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCC

C

CCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCC

CC

CC

C

CCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCC

C

CC

C

CCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCA AAAA A A A A A AA AA

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ay Eq/day

56

456

MM



gg gg55

Z "Silent"eq (spreading steps)Episode 55 continuing= Significant eq M ≥ 5.0



370380390400410420

370380390400410420

2/1/2002 3/1/2002 4/1/2002 5/1/2002 6/1/2002 7/1/2002 8/1/2002 9/1/2002 10/1/2002 11/1/2002 12/1/2002 1/1/2003 2/1/2003

Tilt

mag

(ur)

1000

Eq/d

ay

1000

Eq/d

ayM

1000

Eq/d

ayTi

lt m

ag (u

r)

EEEEE

EEEE

E

EEEEEE

E

E

E

EEEEEE

E

E

EEE

EEE

EE EEEE

E

EEEEE

E

EEE EE

EEE

E

E EE E EEE

EE

E

E

E

E

G

GG G

GGGGG

G

GG G

GG G G

GG G

GG G G G

G

GG

G

GC C

C

C C CC

C CCAAA A AA AAA

AAA A A A AAAAA AA

AAAAAA A AA AA AAAA AAAAAAA A1 1

2/1/1992 3/1/1992 4/1/1992 5/1/1992 6/1/1992 7/1/1992 8/1/1992 9/1/1992 10/1/1992 11/1/1992 12/1/1992 1/1/1993 2/1/1993



Appendix figure G1 v

VCurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/2003-2/1/2004: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0


100 Eq/dayM

M

100 Eq/day

100 Eq/dayM

370380390400410420

EEEEEEEEEE

EEEE EEEEE

EEEEEEE EEE EE EEE

EEEE EE

EE

E EEEEEEE

EEE

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEE EEEEEEE

EEEEE

E

E

EEEEEEEEEEE EE E

EEGG

G

GG G G

G

G

G

G GG G GG GGG G G GG G

GGGG GGG

G

G GG GGG G GC CCCCC C C C C C C C

CC C

CC C C C CAA

AAAAA

AAAAAAA

A

AAAAAAA

AAAA

A

A

AAA

AAAA

AAAAAAAA

AAAAAAA

AAA

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAA

AAAA AA AA

AAAAAAA A

AA A A A AA

AAAAAAAA

A

A AAAAA AAAAA A

10

100

1000

1

10

100

2/1/2003 3/1/2003 4/1/2003 5/1/2003 6/1/2003 7/1/2003 8/1/2003 9/1/2003 10/1/2003 11/1/2003 12/1/2003 1/1/2004 2/1/2004

Eq/d

ayEq/day

45

MME EEE EE

EE

EE E EE E E E EG G G G G GGG G G G G G GGGG G G

GG GG GG GGCC CC C CC CC C C C

CCC

C C C CCCC CC C C CA A A A A A A A A A2 2 2 2 2 2@@ @@ @@

@@ @ @ @@ @ @ @@@ @ @

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ay Eq/day




45

MMEE EEE EE E E EE E EE E EE E E E E E

GGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGG

GG

GGGGGGG

GGG

GGGGGGGGG

GGG

GGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGG

G


GGGGGGG

G

GG

GG

G

GGGGGGGG

G

GG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGG

GG

GGGGG

G

GGG

G

GGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGG

G

GG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGC

C

CCCCC

CCCCCCCCC

C

CC

C

CCCCCC

C

CCC

CCCCC

C

CCCCCC

C

CCCC CCCCC

C

CCCC

C

CCCCCCC C C

CCC

CC

CCCCC

CC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCC

C

CCCC

CCCCCCCC

CC

CCCC

CCC

C

CCCCC

C

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CCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CC

C

CCCCCCCCC

CCCCC

C

AA

A AAAA A A

AA

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ay Eq/day

B

56

456

MM

gg55





370380390400410420

370380390400410420

2/1/2003 3/1/2003 4/1/2003 5/1/2003 6/1/2003 7/1/2003 8/1/2003 9/1/2003 10/1/2003 11/1/2003 12/1/2003 1/1/2004 2/1/2004

Tilt

mag

(ur)



10

100

1000

2/1/2004

Eq/d

ayM

M

10

100

1000

Eq/d

ay

10

100

1000

Eq/d

ayM

2/1/1993

E

E

EE

EEEE

EE

EEEE EEEE EEEE

E

E EEEE EEEEE E EE

EEEE E EEE E E EEEE EG G

G

GGG G G GG

G G GG G G GGG

G G GG GGGCC

C C C C C CC C C CC

A A AAAA AA A A A AA AA AAA AAAA AAA A AA

A

AAA A AA AA AA A

AAAA

A

1 12/1/1993 3/1/1993 4/1/1993 5/1/1993 6/1/1993 7/1/1993 8/1/1993 9/1/1993 10/1/1993 11/1/1993 12/1/1993 1/1/1994 2/1/1994


3803904004104204302/1/2004

Tilt

mag

(ur)Uwëkahuna water-tube tilt magnitude: daily readings

Appendix figure G1 w

WCurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/2004-2/1/2005: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0


10

100

2/1/2004

Eq/dayM

10

100 Eq/dayM

100 Eq/dayM

370380390400410420

2/1/2004

EEEEEEE EE

E

EEE E

EEE

EEEEEEE

EEE EEEEEEEE E E

EEE E

EEEEE EEE EEE

EEEEEE

EEE E E

EE

E

EEEE

EEEE EEE

EEE

E

E

EE

EEG G GG

G

G G G G G G G G G GGGGGG GG

G

GGGGG G

G G GGG GGG GGG

G

G

CC C C C CCC C C C CAAAAAAAAA AAAAAA

AAA A

AA AAAA

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

A

AA AA

A

AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA

AAA

A

AA

AA A

AAAAAAAAA

AA

AAAAAAAAAA

AAAA AA

10

100

1000

1

10

100

2/1/2004 3/1/2004 4/1/2004 5/1/2004 6/1/2004 7/1/2004 8/1/2004 9/1/2004 10/1/2004 11/1/2004 12/1/2004 1/1/2005 2/1/2005

Eq/d

ayEq/day

45M

M

45

MM

E E EE

E E EGG

G

G GGG G G GGG

GG GG

GG GGG GG

GGG

G

GGG G G G GGG

GC C

CC

CCC

C

CC CCCC

C

C

CCC C

CC CCC

C

CCCCCCCC CCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CC

CCC

C

CCCCC

C

CCCCC C

CC CCCCCCCCC CCCC CCCC CCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCC

C

C

CCCCCCCC

C

CCCCC

C

CCCCC

C

C

C

CCCC

AAAA A A

A

AA AAAAAA AAAAAAAAA A AAAAA

AAAAAAAA A

AAAA

AAA A AAAAAAA

AAAAAAAAAA AAA

A

AAA2 @ @ @ @ @@

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ay Eq/day




EE E E E E E EEEE E E E E

E

E E EE E EE E

EEGGGGGGG

G

G

G

GGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGG

GG

GGGGGG

G

GGGGGGG

G

G

GG

GGGGGG

GGGGGGGG

G

GG

GGGGGG

G

GGG

G

GGGGG

G

G

G

GG

GGGGGGGGG

GGG

GGGG

GGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGG

GGG

G

G

G


G

G

GGGG

G

GG

GGGGGGG

GGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGG

G

G

G

GGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGG

G

G

G

GC

CCCCCCCC

CCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCC

CCC

C

CCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCC CCC

CC C CCCCCCC

CCCCCC CCCC C

C

CCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

C

CCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

C

CCCCCCA A A AA

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ay Eq/day

= Significant eq M ≥ 5.0

B56

456

MM

GG GG GG GGGG GG GG GGGG

gg gg gg gg gg55

Episode 55 continuing Z "Silent"eq (spreading steps)





10

100

2/1/2005

Eq/d

ayM

M

10

100

1000

Eq/d

ay

10

100

1000

Eq/d

ayM

3904004104204304402/1/2005

Tilt

mag

nitu

de (s

econ

ds)

2/1/1994E E E EEE E E

EE E E E EE

EEE

EEE

EE E E

EEE E E

E

EG GG GG GG G G G GG GC C C C C

A

A

AA

AA A A

A

A A AAAA A A AA AAA AA A A A A A A

AA A A 1

2/1/1994 3/1/1994 4/1/1994 5/1/1994 6/1/1994 7/1/1994 8/1/1994 9/1/1994 10/1/1994 11/1/1994 12/1/1994 1/1/1995 2/1/1995


380390400410420430

380390400410420430

2/1/2004 3/1/2004 4/1/2004 5/1/2004 6/1/2004 7/1/2004 8/1/2004 9/1/2004 10/1/2004 11/1/2004 12/1/2004 1/1/2005 2/1/2005

Tilt

mag

(ur) Uwëkahuna water-tube tilt magnitude: daily readings

Appendix figure G1 x

XCurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/2005-2/1/2006: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0


Eq/dayM

MEq/day

Eq/dayM

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE E E E E EEEE

EEEE EE EE E E E EE

EEE E

EEEE EE

E

EE EE EE EEEEEE EEEEEEE

EEEEEE E EEE

E

E

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GGGG

G

GG

GGG

GG GG GG G GGGGGGG

G

G

GGGG

GGGGG

G

GGGGGGG GG

GGGG G

GG GGGG

GG G

G

GG

G

GGG GG

GG GGG GGGGGGGC C CC C C C C C

CC C C CAA

AAAAAA

A

AA

A

AAA

A

AAAAAAAAAA

A

AAAA

AAAA A

A

A AAAAAA AAA

A

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A

AAAAA

A

AAAAA

A

A

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AAAAAAA

A

AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AAAAAAAA

AAAA

AA

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1

10

100

1

10

100

2/1/2005 3/1/2005 4/1/2005 5/1/2005 6/1/2005 7/1/2005 8/1/2005 9/1/2005 10/1/2005 11/1/2005 12/1/2005 1/1/2006 2/1/2006

Eq/d

ayEq/day

F45

MM

45

MM

E E EEE

E

E E E EEEEEE E E E E EEEEEEEE E EEGGGG GG G GG G GGGG G G

GG G G G G GGGG

GG GG GGG GG G G

GGG GGG G

GG

CCCCCCCCC

CC

C

C

C

CCCC

C

C

CCCC C CC C CCCC CC

C

C CCCCC C

CC

C

CC CCCC

C

CC

C

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C

C

C CCCCC

C

C

CCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCC

C

CC

C

C

CCCC

C

C

CCC

C

CC

CCC

AAAAAAAAAA

A

AA AAAA AA A A AA A AA A AAAAAAAA

A

AAAAAAAA AAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA

AAAA

AAA AA

AAAA A

AAAA

A

AAAAA A

A

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA22 22 2 2 2 2 2 22 2

@@ @ @@ @1

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day




E E E EE E E E EE EEE E E E E E E E E EE EE

EE E E E

G

G

GGGG

G

G

G

G

G

GGGGGGGGGGGG

GGG

G

GGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGG

GGGG

GGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GGG

GG

G

GGGG

G

GG

GGG

G

G

G

GGG

GG

G

GGGGG

GG

GGGGGGGG

GGG

G

GG

GGGGGG

G

GG

GGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

GGGGGGGG

G

GG

GG

G

GGGGGGGG

G

GGG

GGGG

G

GGG

GGG

GGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

G

G

G

GGG

G

GG

G

G

GGGGGG

G

G

GGGG

GG

C

CCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCC

CCC

C

CCC

CCC

CCCCC

CCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCC

CC

CCCCC

CC

C

C

CCCCCCCCCCC

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CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCC

CC

CCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCC

C

C

C

CCCCCCCC

CCCCCCC

CC

CCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCC CCCC

CCCC

CCCCCCCC

CCC

A A A AA A1

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day



B56

456

MM

GG GG GGGGGG

22

= Significant eq M ≥ 5.0Episode 55 continuing Z "Silent"eq (spreading steps)



390400410420430440

390400410420430440

2/1/2005 3/1/2005 4/1/2005 5/1/2005 6/1/2005 7/1/2005 8/1/2005 9/1/2005 10/1/2005 11/1/2005 12/1/2005 1/1/2006 2/1/2006

Tilt

mag

nitu

de (s

econ

ds)

10

100

2/1/2006

Eq/d

ayM

M

10

100

1000

Eq/d

ay

10

100

1000

Eq/d

ayM

4004104204304404502/1/2006

Tilt

mag

(ur)

EEE E

EE

EEE E

E

E E E E EEEEE

E

E EEE E E E EEEEE

E

G GG

G G G G G GG

GGGG G G

G

CC

C CCAA AA A A A A AA A A A A A AA

A

A A A A

A

A A A 12/1/1995 3/1/1995 4/1/1995 5/1/1995 6/1/1995 7/1/1995 8/1/1995 9/1/1995 10/1/1995 11/1/1995 12/1/1995 1/1/1996 2/1/1996



Appendix figure G1 y

YCurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/2006-2/1/2007: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0


Eq/dayM

MEq/day

Eq/dayM

EE

E

E

EEEEEEEEEEEE

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

EE

E

EEEE E E E E EEEE E

EEE

EEEEE E E E

EEE EEEEGG

GGG

GG

GGGG

GGG

GG

GG

GGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGG

GGGGGGG GGGG

GG

G GGGGG GG

G

G GGG G G

G

GGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGG

G

G GGGG GGGGGG

GGGG GGG

GGG

CC C C

C

C C C CC CCC C C

A

AAAAA

A

AAAA AAAA

AAAAAA

A

AAAAAAAAAAA

A

A AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAA AAA

A

AAA

A

AA

A

AAA

AAAAAA

A

AAAAAAAAAA

AAAAAAAAAA

AAAAAAAAAAA

A AAA AAAAAAA

AAAAA

AAAAA

A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AAA1

10

100

1

10

100

2/1/2006 3/1/2006 4/1/2006 5/1/2006 6/1/2006 7/1/2006 8/1/2006 9/1/2006 10/1/2006 11/1/2006 12/1/2006 1/1/2007 2/1/2007

Eq/d

ayEq/day

45

MM

45

MM

E E E E E E EE E EE E EE E EG

G G GG GGGG

GGGGG GGG G G

GG GGGG GG G GGGG GGGGGG G GG GG G G G G

G

CCCCCCCC

C

C

C

CCCC

C

C

CC

C

CCC

CCCC

CC

C

CCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCC CC

CCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CC

CCCC

CC

CC

CCCCCC

C

CCCCCCC

CCCCCC CCCC C

CC

C

C

C

C

C

C CCCCCCC C

CCC

CCCCC

C

CCC

CC CC C CCCCCCCCC CC CC

CCCCCC

CCC

A

AAAAA

AAA

A

A

A

AA

A

A

AA

A

A

A

AA

A

AAAAA

AAA

A

AAA

A

AAAA

A

A

A

A

A

A

AA

AA A

A

AAA

AA

A

AAAAA

A

AAAAAA

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AA

A

AAA

AA

AAAA

A

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

A

AAA

AA

A

A

A

AAA

A

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AAA

AAAAA

AAA

A

A

A

AAA

AA

A

AAAAAA

AAA AA A AA

A

AAA2 2 2 2 22 22 22 2 22 22

2 2@ @1

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day




E EE E E EE E E E E E EEE E EE E EE

GGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGG

G

GG

G

GGGG

G

GG

GGGGGGG

GG

GGGG

GG

GGGGGGGG

G

G

GGGG

GGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGG

GG

GGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GG

GGG

G

GG

GGG

GGGGGGGG

G

GG

GGGGGGGGGGGG

G

G

GG

GG

G

GGG

GGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGG

G

GG

G

G

GG

GGGGG

GGGG

G

GGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGG

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

GGG

GGGGGG

CC

CCCCCC

C

CCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

C

CCCCCCCCCC

CC

C

C

CCCCC

CCCCCCCC

CC

C

CC

CCCCCCCCC

CCC

CC

C

C

CC

C

C

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCC C

C

C

C

CCCCCC

C

C

C

CCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCC


CCCCCC

CCCCCCCCA

AA

AA A AAA AA AAAAAAAAAAA

AA

AAAAA

AAAAAAAAA

A

AAAAAAAAA

A

AAAAAAA

A

AAAAA AAAAAAAA

A

A

A

AAAAA

A

A AAAAAAA AA AA A

AAA1

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ayEq/day

H56

456

MM



G GG G GGGG GG GG GGAAAAAA AA


Episode 55 continuing= Significant eq M ≥ 5.0Z "Silent"eq (spreading steps)


Kiholo Bay earthuake

400410420430440450

400410420430440450

2/1/2006 3/1/2006 4/1/2006 5/1/2006 6/1/2006 7/1/2006 8/1/2006 9/1/2006 10/1/2006 11/1/2006 12/1/2006 1/1/2007 2/1/2007

Tilt

mag

(ur)

10

100

1000

2/1/2007

Eq/d

ayM

M

10

100

1000

Eq/d

ay

10

100

1000

Eq/d

ayM

3803904004104204304404504602/1/2007

Tilt

mag

(ur)

2/1/1996

E

EE EE

EE E E E E EEEEE

EEEEE

E

E EE E EE EEE E E

E E E

E

E

EEEE

E

E E EEEEEEE E E

E

EG

G G G G

GG

GGG G G G G G

GG GC C C C C CA AA A AA A

AA AAA A

AA A A A A A A

AA A A A A A A

AA 1

2/1/1996 3/1/1996 4/1/1996 5/1/1996 6/1/1996 7/1/1996 8/1/1996 9/1/1996 10/1/1996 11/1/1996 12/1/1996 1/1/1997 2/1/1997



Appendix figure G1 z

ZCurrent eruption brittle-failure seismicity 2/1/2007-2/1/2008: earthquakes per day and single earthquakes M ≥ 4.0


Eq/dayM

MEq/day

Eq/dayM

EE EEE

EE E E EEE E

EE

EE EE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

E

EEEE

EEEEEEE EEEE

EEEEEEEEEEE EEEE E

EEEEEE

EE EEEEEEEE EEEEEEE

EG GG GG

GGGGGG

G

G GGG

GGGG

G

GG GGGGGGGGG GGGG

G

G G GG GGGG G G

GGG GC CC C C C C C

C

C C C C CAAAA AA

A

AA

AAAAAA

AAAA

A AAAAA

AAAAA A

AA A

AAAAAAAAAAA

A

A

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A

A

AAA

A

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AAA

A

AAAAAA

A

AAAAAAAAA

AAAAA

AAAA AA

AA

A

AAA A

AA

A

AAAAAAA

10

100

1000

1

10

100

2/1/2007 3/1/2007 4/1/2007 5/1/2007 6/1/2007 7/1/2007 8/1/2007 9/1/2007 10/1/2007 11/1/2007 12/1/2007 1/1/2008 2/1/2008

Eq/d

ayEq/day

45

MM

45

MM

E E E E E E EE E EGGGG G GGGG G

GGGGGG G

G

G

GGGGGG

G

G

G

G

G

GGGGGGGGGG GGGG GC

C

C CCCCCCCC

CCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCC

CCCC

C

CCCC

C

C

CC

C

CCCCC

C

CC

C

C

C

CCCCC

C

CCCCCC

C

C

CCCCC

CCC

C

CCC

CCC

C

CCCCCCCCCC

C

CC

C

CCC

C C C CC C CAA AAA

AA

AAA

A

AAAAAA AA

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AA

AAA

AAAA

AAA

A

AAAAAAAAAAA A A A AA A A A A2 2 2 2 2

22 2@ @

@@@@ @

@@@ @

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ay Eq/day




E E EE E E E E E E EGG

G

GGGGGGGG

GGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGG

G

G

GGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGG

GGGGG

GGGGGG

G

G

G

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGGG

G

GGG

GGG

GGGGGG

GGG

G

GG

GG

GGG

G

G

GGG

GG

G

G

GG

G

GGGGG

GGGG

GG

GGGGGGG

GGGGG

GG

G

GGGGG

GGGGGGGGGG

G

GGGGG

GGGGGGG

GGG

G

GGGGGGGGGGGGG

GG

G

G

G

GG

G

GG

G

G

G

GGGGGG

GGG

GGGGGGG

G

GGGG GGGGGGGGGG

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGCC

CCCC

CC

CCCCCC

CCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CC

CC

CCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCC

CC

CCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCC

C

C

C

C

CC

CCCCCC

C

CCCCCCC

CCCC

CC

CCCC

CCCCCCCCC

C

CC

CCCCCCCC

CCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCC

CCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCC

C

C

CCCC

C

CCCCCCCCC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCA AAAA A AA A A A AAA A A AA A A

10

100

1000

10

100

Eq/d

ay Eq/day

B

BH

56

456

MM



GGGG GG GGGG GGAA

BBB B BB55


Episode 58Episode 55 end 6/17 0900Father's Day eruption 7/19/2007 0050-0300?



380400420440460

380400420440460

2/1/2007 3/1/2007 4/1/2007 5/1/2007 6/1/2007 7/1/2007 8/1/2007 9/1/2007 10/1/2007 11/1/2007 12/1/2007 1/1/2008 2/1/2008

Tilt

mag

(ur)

1000

Eq/d

ayM

MM

1000

Eq/d

ay

1000

Eq/d

ayTi

lt m

agni

tude

(sec

onds

)

EEEE E

EEEEEEEEEEEE

EE

EEE EEE E

E

E EEE

EE

EEE

E

EEE E E

EE

EE EE E E E

EEEE E EEEE

E

EE EEEEE

E

E

E

E

E

EG G G

G

GG

G

G

GGG G G G GG G G GGGG GG G

G

G

GGC C C CC C CCC C CC CC

C CCCA AAAA AA AA A A A AAA

AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA

A

AA

AAA

A AAAA

A A AA 12/1/1997 3/1/1997 4/1/1997 5/1/1997 6/1/1997 7/1/1997 8/1/1997 9/1/1997 10/1/1997 11/1/1997 12/1/1997 1/1/1998 2/1/1998



400

450

500

550

600

400

450

500

550

6002/1/1982 3/1/1982 4/1/1982 5/1/1982 6/1/1982 7/1/1982 8/1/1982 9/1/1982 10/1/1982 11/1/1982 12/1/1982 1/1/1983 2/1/1983

Tilt

mag

(ur)

F F F F FFF F F F F F F FF

F F FF F F F

F

F F F F F FFF F F F F FF

FFFFFFFF FF

FFF

F

FFFFF FFF F FF

F

F FFFF

FFF F F

FF FF F FFF F F F F F FFF F F F F FFF FF FFFF F F F F F F FF

FFF F F F F F FF FF FF F F F F

FF

F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F

FF

F FF

FF F F FF F F FF

F

F

F F F F FFFFF

FF F

F

FF

F F F F F F F F FF

F F FF F

F

F

FF

FFFF F F FFF F FF F FFFF FF

FF F F F F F

8/1/1982 8/1/1983 8/1/1984

Eq/d

ay

Appendix figure G2 a

APuÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption long-period seismicity 2/1/1982-2/1/1983: precursors to episodic eruption, episode1

F F F F F F F

10

12/1/1982 3/1/1982 4/1/1982 5/1/1982 6/1/1982 7/1/1982 8/1/1982 9/1/1982 10/1/1982 11/1/1982 12/1/1982 1/1/1983 2/1/1983

Eq/d

ayEq/day

H HHH H

10

100

1000

1

10

1000

Eq/d

ayEq/day

EE

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

EEEEE

E

EE

E

EE

E

EEE

EE

E

EE

EE

E

E

E

E

E

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EE

E

E

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EE

E

E

E

E

EEEE

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E

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EE

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E

E

E

E

E

E

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10

100

1000

1

10

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ayEarthquakes/day

33

33

3333333333333333333333333333333

3

33 3

33

3

3 33

3

333 33 3

3

333

3

3

3

3

33 3

3 33

333

333

33

3

33

3

3 33 3

10

100

1000

10

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayM

inutes of tremor/day

Harmonic tremor (minutes) 3 Shallow (0-5 km) 3 Intermediate (5-15 km) 3 deep (> 20 km)

Deep magma supply path (>20 km) A Daily earthquake counts (not recorded) F Located earthquakes

Kilauea caldera (5-15km) C Daily earthquake counts (lpc-c) H Located earthquakes

Kilauea caldera (0-5 km) Daily earthquake counts E lpc-a (3-5 Hz) C lpc-b (1-3 Hz) J Located earthquakes



JJ JJBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BB



Episode 1


Eq/d

ay

1000

Eq/d

ay

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ay

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayTi

lt m

ag (u

r)

400

450

500

550

6002/1/1983


F F FF F F F

F


FFFFFFFF FF

FFF

F

FFFFF FFF F FF

F

F FFFF

FFF F F



FF


FF

F FF

FF F F FF F F FF

F

F

F F F F FFFFF

FF F

F

FF

F F F F F F F F FF

F F FF F

F

F

FF


FF F F F F F

8/1/1985 8/1/1986 8/1/1987

Appendix figure G2 b

B

2/1/1983

Eq/day

10

1000

Eq/day

10

100

1000

Earthquakes/day

10

100

1000

Minutes of trem

or/day

F FF F F F

10

12/1/1983 3/1/1983 4/1/1983 5/1/1983 6/1/1983 7/1/1983 8/1/1983 9/1/1983 10/1/1983 11/1/1983 12/1/1983 1/1/1984 2/1/1984

Eq/d

ayEq/day

Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption long-period seismicity 2/1/1983-2/1/1984: Initial episodic eruption, episodes 2-14

HHH H

10

100

1000

1

10

1000

Eq/d

ayEq/day

EEE

E

E

E

E

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E

EEEE

E

E

EEE

E

E

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E

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E

EE

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C

CC

10

100

1000

1

10

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ayEarthquakes/day

333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333

33

3

33 3

3

3

3

3 3 3 3

33 3 3

3333

333 3

3 333333

3

3 333

3

3

3

333

3

3

33

10

100

1000

10

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayM


B B B B B BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB1

420

430

440

450

460

470

420

430

440

450

460

4702/1/1983 3/1/1983 4/1/1983 5/1/1983 6/1/1983 7/1/1983 8/1/1983 9/1/1983 10/1/1983 11/1/1983 12/1/1983 1/1/1984 2/1/1984

Tilt

mag

(ur)




2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14High-fountaining eruptive episodes= Significant eq M ≥ 5.0

Z "Silent"eq (spreading steps)f eruption pausesg surges ("dieflation-inflation-deflation events)




Eq/d

ay

1000

Eq/d

ay

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ayM

inut

es o

f tre

mor

/day

Tilt

mag

(ur)

2/1/1994


F F FF F F F

F


FFFFFFFF FF

FFF

F

FFFFF FFF F FF

F

F FFFF

FFF F F



FF


FF

F FF

FF F F FF F F FF

F

F

F F F F FFFFF

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F

FF

F F F F F F F F FF

F F FF F

F

F

FF


FF F F F F F

8/1/1988 8/1/1989 8/1/1990

Appendix figure G2 c

C

Eq/day

1000

Eq/day

100

1000

Earthquakes/day

100

1000

Minutes of trem

or/day

420

430

440

450

460

470

F F F F FF

F F FF F

10

12/1/1984 3/1/1984 4/1/1984 5/1/1984 6/1/1984 7/1/1984 8/1/1984 9/1/1984 10/1/1984 11/1/1984 12/1/1984 1/1/1985 2/1/1985

Eq/d

ayEq/day


CCCCCCCCCCC

CC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

C

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

H HH HH HH

10

100

1000

1

10

1000

Eq/d

ayEq/day

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

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E

E

E

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E

E

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E

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C

C

CCC

C CC

CC

CC

C

CC

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

CC

C

C

CCC

CCC

C

CC

C

C

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CCC

C

C

C

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C

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C

C

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C

CC

C

C

C

C

C

C

CC

C

CC

CJJ

J

J J J J

10

100

1000

1

10

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ayEarthquakes/day

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333

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3

3 3 333

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3

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3

333

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3 33 33

33 33

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3 3

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3333

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3

33

33

3 33

10

100

1000

10

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayM



410

420

430

440

450

410

420

430

440

4502/1/1984 3/1/1984 4/1/1984 5/1/1984 6/1/1984 7/1/1984 8/1/1984 9/1/1984 10/1/1984 11/1/1984 12/1/1984 1/1/1985 2/1/1985

Tilt

mag

(ur)




15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29High-fountaining eruptive episodes






Eq/d

ay

100

1000

Eq/d

ay

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ay

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayTi

lt m

ag (u

r)

2/1/1994 3/1/1994 4/1/1994 5/1/1994 6/1/1994 7/1/1994 8/1/1994 9/1/1994 10/1/1994 11/1/1994 12/1/1994 1/1/1995 2/1/1995


F F FF F F F

F


FFFFFFFF FF

FFF

F

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F

F FFFF

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FF


FF

F FF

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F

F

F F F F FFFFF

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F

FF

F F F F F F F F FF

F F FF F

F

F

FF


FF F F F F F

8/1/1990 8/1/1991 8/1/1992 8/1/1993

Appendix figure G2 d

D

2/1/1985

Eq/day

10

1000

Eq/day

10

100

1000

Earthquakes/day

10

100

1000

Minutes of trem

or/day

410

420

430

440

4502/1/1985

F F

F

F F F F F F

10

12/1/1985 3/1/1985 4/1/1985 5/1/1985 6/1/1985 7/1/1985 8/1/1985 9/1/1985 10/1/1985 11/1/1985 12/1/1985 1/1/1986 2/1/1986

Eq/d

ayEq/day


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C

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C

CC

C

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CCCCC

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C

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CCC

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CC

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100

1000

1

10

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Eq/d

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C

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CC

CCCC

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CC

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C

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CCC

C

CC

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CC

C

CC

C

C

C

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CC

CC

C

C

C

CC

C

C

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CCC C

C

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CC

CC

C

C

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C

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CC

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CC

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C

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CCC C C

C

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C

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J J JJJJ J J JJ

J

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10

100

1000

1

10

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ayEarthquakes/day

3

3 3 333 33

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

33

33333333333333333 3

33

33

3

3

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3

333

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33

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3 333

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3

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3

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33

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3

3

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33

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100

1000

10

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayM



390

400

410

420

430

440

82

922/1/1985 3/1/1985 4/1/1985 5/1/1985 6/1/1985 7/1/1985 8/1/1985 9/1/1985 10/1/1985 11/1/1985 12/1/1985 1/1/1986 2/1/1986

Tilt

mag

(ur)




30 31 32 33 34 3535A 36 37 38 39 40 41High-fountaining eruptive episodes






Eq/d

ay

100

1000

Eq/d

ay

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ay

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayTi

lt m

ag (u

r)


F F FF F F F

F


FFFFFFFF FF

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F

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8/1/1993 8/1/1994 8/1/1995

Appendix figure G2 e

EPuÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption long-period seismicity 2/1/1986-2/1/1987: episodes 42-47; 48--continuous eruption

Eq/day

1000

Eq/day

100

1000

Earthquakes/day

100

1000

Minutes of trem

or/day

F F F F F F FF

FFF

F FFF F F

10

12/1/1986 3/1/1986 4/1/1986 5/1/1986 6/1/1986 7/1/1986 8/1/1986 9/1/1986 10/1/1986 11/1/1986 12/1/1986 1/1/1987 2/1/1987

Eq/d

ayEq/day

CC

CCCCC

CCC

CCC

C

C

CCC

C

C

CC

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CC

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C

C

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CCCC

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C

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CCC

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10

100

1000

1

10

1000

Eq/d

ayEq/day

EE

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J JJJJ J J JJ J

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10

100

1000

1

10

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ayEarthquakes/day

3

3

3

3

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3 33

3

3

3

333

3

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33

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3 3

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100

1000

10

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

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370380390400410420430

370380390400410420430

2/1/1986 3/1/1986 4/1/1986 5/1/1986 6/1/1986 7/1/1986 8/1/1986 9/1/1986 10/1/1986 11/1/1986 12/1/1986 1/1/1987 2/1/1987Ti

lt m

ag (u

r)




42 43 44 45 46 47 48High-fountaining eruptive episodes

Shift of vent from Pu'u 'O'o to Kupaianaha, beginning of continuous eruption






Eq/d

ay

1000

Eq/d

ay

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ay

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayTi

lt m

ag (u

r)


F F FF F F F

F


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FFF

F

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8/1/1996 8/1/1997 8/1/1998

Appendix figure G2 f

FPuÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption long-period seismicity 2/1/1986-2/1/1987: episodes 42-47; 48--continuous eruption

Eq/day

1000

Eq/day

100

1000

Earthquakes/day

100

1000

Minutes of trem

or/day

370380390400410420430

FF

FF

F

F FF

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10

12/1/1987 3/1/1987 4/1/1987 5/1/1987 6/1/1987 7/1/1987 8/1/1987 9/1/1987 10/1/1987 11/1/1987 12/1/1987 1/1/1988 2/1/1988

Eq/d

ayEq/day

Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption long-period seismicity 2/1/1987-2/1/1988: Kupaianaha

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100

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100

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ayEarthquakes/day

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3

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333

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3

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33

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10

100

1000

10

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayM





f eruption pausesg surges ("dieflation-inflation-deflation events) Episode 48 continuing




Eq/d

ay

1000

Eq/d

ay

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ay

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayTi

lt m

ag (u

r)

2/1/1997 3/1/1997 4/1/1997 5/1/1997 6/1/1997 7/1/1997 8/1/1997 9/1/1997 10/1/1997 11/1/1997 12/1/1997 1/1/1998 2/1/1998

370

380

390

400

410

370

380

390

400

4102/1/1987 3/1/1987 4/1/1987 5/1/1987 6/1/1987 7/1/1987 8/1/1987 9/1/1987 10/1/1987 11/1/1987 12/1/1987 1/1/1988 2/1/1988

Tilt

mag

(ur)



F F FF F F F

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8/1/1999 8/1/2000 8/1/2001

Appendix figure G2 g

G

2/1/1988

Eq/day

10

1000

Eq/day

10

100

1000

Earthquakes/day

10

100

1000

Minutes of trem

or/day

FF F

FF F F F

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10

12/1/1988 3/1/1988 4/1/1988 5/1/1988 6/1/1988 7/1/1988 8/1/1988 9/1/1988 10/1/1988 11/1/1988 12/1/1988 1/1/1989 2/1/1989

Eq/d

ayEq/day


CCC

C

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100

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100

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10

100

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Earth

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es/d

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3 33

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33333

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10

100

1000

10

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayM


GG

ff

370

380

390

400

410

370

380

390

400

4102/1/1988 3/1/1988 4/1/1988 5/1/1988 6/1/1988 7/1/1988 8/1/1988 9/1/1988 10/1/1988 11/1/1988 12/1/1988 1/1/1989 2/1/1989

Tilt

mag

(ur)










Eq/d

ay

1000

Eq/d

ay

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ay

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayTi

lt m

ag (u

r)

370

380

390

400

4102/1/1988


F F FF F F F

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8/1/2001 8/1/2002 8/1/2003 8/1/2004

Appendix figure G2 h

H

Eq/day

1000

Eq/day

100

1000

Earthquakes/day

100

1000

Minutes of trem

or/day

370

380

390

400

410

F F F FF F F F F F F F FF FFF F F F

10

12/1/1989 3/1/1989 4/1/1989 5/1/1989 6/1/1989 7/1/1989 8/1/1989 9/1/1989 10/1/1989 11/1/1989 12/1/1989 1/1/1990 2/1/1990

Eq/d

ayEq/day


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utes

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380

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4102/1/1989 3/1/1989 4/1/1989 5/1/1989 6/1/1989 7/1/1989 8/1/1989 9/1/1989 10/1/1989 11/1/1989 12/1/1989 1/1/1990 2/1/1990

Tilt

mag

(ur)










Eq/d

ay

1000

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ay

1000

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quak

es/d

ay

1000

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of t

rem

or/d

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lt m

ag (u

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8/1/2004 8/1/2005 8/1/2006

Appendix figure G2 i

I

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1000

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100

1000

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100

1000

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or/day

370

380

390

400

410

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F F F F

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12/1/1990 3/1/1990 4/1/1990 5/1/1990 6/1/1990 7/1/1990 8/1/1990 9/1/1990 10/1/1990 11/1/1990 12/1/1990 1/1/1991 2/1/1991

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utes

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ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ffff

370

380

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4102/1/1990 3/1/1990 4/1/1990 5/1/1990 6/1/1990 7/1/1990 8/1/1990 9/1/1990 10/1/1990 11/1/1990 12/1/1990 1/1/1991 2/1/1991

Tilt

mag

(ur)










Eq/d

ay

1000

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ay

1000

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quak

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1000

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utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayTi

lt m

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8/1/2007 8/1/2008

Eq/day

Appendix figure G2 j

J

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1000

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100

1000

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100

1000

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or/day

370

380

390

400

410

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10

12/1/1991 3/1/1991 4/1/1991 5/1/1991 6/1/1991 7/1/1991 8/1/1991 9/1/1991 10/1/1991 11/1/1991 12/1/1991 1/1/1992 2/1/1992

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Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption long-period seismicity 2/1/1991-2/1/1992 Kupaianaha--episode 49 (return to Pu'u 'O'o)

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852/1/1991 3/1/1991 4/1/1991 5/1/1991 6/1/1991 7/1/1991 8/1/1991 9/1/1991 10/1/1991 11/1/1991 12/1/1991 1/1/1992 2/1/1992

Tilt

mag

(ur)






49Episode 48 continuing Episode 48 continuing




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10

100

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10

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

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Appendix figure G2 k

K

F F F F F F F 12/1/1982 3/1/1982 4/1/1982 5/1/1982 6/1/1982 7/1/1982 8/1/1982 9/1/1982 10/1/1982 11/1/1982 12/1/1982 1/1/1983 2/1/1983

Eq/d

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1000

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1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayTi

lt m

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r)Eq

/day

Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption long-period seismicity 2/1/1992-2/1/1993 post-Kupaianaha--episodes 50-52

GG GG

@@

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10

12/1/1992 3/1/1992 4/1/1992 5/1/1992 6/1/1992 7/1/1992 8/1/1992 9/1/1992 10/1/1992 11/1/1992 12/1/1992 1/1/1993 2/1/1993

Eq/d

ayEq/day


f eruption pausesg surges ("dieflation-inflation-deflation events)48 end

50 51 52




390

400

410

420

430

390

400

410

420

4302/1/1992 3/1/1992 4/1/1992 5/1/1992 6/1/1992 7/1/1992 8/1/1992 9/1/1992 10/1/1992 11/1/1992 12/1/1992 1/1/1993 2/1/1993

Tilt

mag

(ur)


1000

Eq/day

1000

Earthquakes/day

1000

Minutes of trem

or/day

Appendix figure G2 l

L

2/1/1983

Eq/day

F FF F F F 12/1/1983 3/1/1983 4/1/1983 5/1/1983 6/1/1983 7/1/1983 8/1/1983 9/1/1983 10/1/1983 11/1/1983 12/1/1983 1/1/1984 2/1/1984

Eq/d

ayEq/day Eq

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10

100

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Eq/d

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10

100

1000

Earth

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es/d

ay

10

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ay

390

400

410

420

4302/1/1994

Tilt

mag

(ur)

10

2/1/1994

Eq/d

ay

Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption long-period seismicity 2/1/1993-2/1/1994: post-Kupaianaha--episode 53

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utes

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Tilt

mag

(ur)




F

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12/1/1993 3/1/1993 4/1/1993 5/1/1993 6/1/1993 7/1/1993 8/1/1993 9/1/1993 10/1/1993 11/1/1993 12/1/1993 1/1/1994 2/1/1994

Eq/d

ayEq/day



Episode 5352




Eq/day

Appendix figure G2 m

M

Eq/day

F F F F FF

F F FF F 12/1/1984 3/1/1984 4/1/1984 5/1/1984 6/1/1984 7/1/1984 8/1/1984 9/1/1984 10/1/1984 11/1/1984 12/1/1984 1/1/1985 2/1/1985

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/day

Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption long-period seismicity 2/1/1994-2/1/1995 post-Kupaianaha--episode 53

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utes

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rem

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Minutes of trem

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ff ff ff ff ff ff1

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430

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4302/1/1994 3/1/1994 4/1/1994 5/1/1994 6/1/1994 7/1/1994 8/1/1994 9/1/1994 10/1/1994 11/1/1994 12/1/1994 1/1/1995 2/1/1995

Tilt

mag

(ur)




F F

10

12/1/1994 3/1/1994 4/1/1994 5/1/1994 6/1/1994 7/1/1994 8/1/1994 9/1/1994 10/1/1994 11/1/1994 12/1/1994 1/1/1995 2/1/1995

Eq/d

ayEq/day



Episode 53 continued




1000

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utes

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or/d

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mag

(ur)

2/1/1985

Eq/day

F F

F

F F F F F F 12/1/1985 3/1/1985 4/1/1985 5/1/1985 6/1/1985 7/1/1985 8/1/1985 9/1/1985 10/1/1985 11/1/1985 12/1/1985 1/1/1986 2/1/1986

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Eq/d

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or/dayEq/day

Appendix figure G2 n

NPuÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption long-period seismicity 2/1/1995-2/1/1996 post-Kupaianaha--episode 53

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Episode 53 continued

Uwekahuna water-tube tilt magnitude: daily readings in microradians

Appendix figure G2 o

O

Eq/day

F F F F F F FF

FFF

F FFF F F 1

2/1/1986 3/1/1986 4/1/1986 5/1/1986 6/1/1986 7/1/1986 8/1/1986 9/1/1986 10/1/1986 11/1/1986 12/1/1986 1/1/1987 2/1/1987

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(ur)

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Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption long-period seismicity 21/1996-2/1/1997: post-Kupaianaha--episode 53-54

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4202/1/1996 3/1/1996 4/1/1996 5/1/1996 6/1/1996 7/1/1996 8/1/1996 9/1/1996 10/1/1996 11/1/1996 12/1/1996 1/1/1997 2/1/1997

Tilt

mag

(ur)




F

FF

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10

12/1/1996 3/1/1996 4/1/1996 5/1/1996 6/1/1996 7/1/1996 8/1/1996 9/1/1996 10/1/1996 11/1/1996 12/1/1996 1/1/1997 2/1/1997

Eq/d

ayEq/day


f eruption pausesg surges ("dieflation-inflation-deflation events) Episode 53 end

Episode 54--Napau eruption




1000

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1000

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Appendix figure G2 p

P

Eq/day

FF

FF

F

F FF

FF FFF F F F

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F F 12/1/1987 3/1/1987 4/1/1987 5/1/1987 6/1/1987 7/1/1987 8/1/1987 9/1/1987 10/1/1987 11/1/1987 12/1/1987 1/1/1988 2/1/1988

Eq/d

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100

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utes

of t

rem

or/d

ay

370

380

390

400

410

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Tilt

mag

(ur)

Eq/d

ay

Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption long-period seismicity 21/1997-2/1/1998 post-Kupaianaha--episode 54-55

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utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayM


EEGG

@@

Bff ffffffff ffff ff ffff ff ffgg

370

380

390

400

410

420

370

380

390

400

410

4202/1/1997 3/1/1997 4/1/1997 5/1/1997 6/1/1997 7/1/1997 8/1/1997 9/1/1997 10/1/1997 11/1/1997 12/1/1997 1/1/1998 2/1/1998

Tilt

mag

(ur)




F F F F F FF

F

10

12/1/1997 3/1/1997 4/1/1997 5/1/1997 6/1/1997 7/1/1997 8/1/1997 9/1/1997 10/1/1997 11/1/1997 12/1/1997 1/1/1998 2/1/1998

Eq/d

ayEq/day



Episode 55




Earthquake counts end 8/1/1997

1000

Eq/day

100

1000

Earthquakes/day

100

1000

Minutes of trem

or/day

370

380

390

400

410

420

Eq/day

100

1000

Eq/d

ay

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ay

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ay

370

380

390

400

410

420

Tilt

mag

(ur)

Eq/d

ay

Appendix figure G2 q

Q

2/1/1988

Eq/day FF F

FF F F F

FF FF F FFF F F F 1

2/1/1988 3/1/1988 4/1/1988 5/1/1988 6/1/1988 7/1/1988 8/1/1988 9/1/1988 10/1/1988 11/1/1988 12/1/1988 1/1/1989 2/1/1989

Eq/d

ayEq/day Eq

/day

Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption long-period seismicity 21/1998-2/1/1999 post-Kupaianaha--episode 55

HHHHHH H H HHHHH H H H HHH

H

HHHH H H H H H

H HH H H H HH

H

H

H

H

H

HHHHHH HHH HH

10

100

1000

1

10

1000

Eq/d

ayEq/day

JJ J J J J J J JJJ

J J J J J

10

100

1000

1

10

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ayEarthquakes/day

10

100

1000

10

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayM


ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff55

370

380

390

400

410

420

370

380

390

400

410

4202/1/1998 3/1/1998 4/1/1998 5/1/1998 6/1/1998 7/1/1998 8/1/1998 9/1/1998 10/1/1998 11/1/1998 12/1/1998 1/1/1999 2/1/1999

Tilt

mag

(ur)




F F F F F FF

F

10

12/1/1998 3/1/1998 4/1/1998 5/1/1998 6/1/1998 7/1/1998 8/1/1998 9/1/1998 10/1/1998 11/1/1998 12/1/1998 1/1/1999 2/1/1999

Eq/d

ayEq/day



Episode 55

Kilauea caldera (0-5 km) J Located earthquakes

Kilauea caldera (5-15km) H Located earthquakes

Deep magma supply path (>20 km) F Located earthquakes

1000

Eq/day

1000

Earthquakes/day

100

1000

Minutes of trem

or/day

370

380

390

400

410

420

Eq/day


HHH H H HH

HHHHHHHH

H

HHH

HHHHHH HH H

H

HH HHH H H HHH

HHHH

HHHHHH

H

HHH H

H

H HH HHHH

10

100

1000

1

10

1000

Eq/d

ayEq/day

J J J JJ J JJ J

J

J

J

J JJJJJJJJJ J J JJ J J JJ J

10

100

1000

1

10

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ayEarthquakes/day

10

100

1000

10

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayM


GG

ff ff ff ff f f ff ffff1

370

380

390

400

410

420

370

380

390

400

410

4202/1/1999 3/1/1999 4/1/1999 5/1/1999 6/1/1999 7/1/1999 8/1/1999 9/1/1999 10/1/1999 11/1/1999 12/1/1999 1/1/2000 2/1/2000

Tilt

mag

(ur)




F F F F

10

12/1/1999 3/1/1999 4/1/1999 5/1/1999 6/1/1999 7/1/1999 8/1/1999 9/1/1999 10/1/1999 11/1/1999 12/1/1999 1/1/2000 2/1/2000

Eq/d

ayEq/day



Episode 55

100

1000

Eq/d

ay

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ay

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ay

370

380

390

400

410

420

Tilt

mag

(ur)

Eq/d

ay




Appendix figure G2 r

R

Eq/day

F F F FF F F F F F F F FF FFF F F F 12/1/1989 3/1/1989 4/1/1989 5/1/1989 6/1/1989 7/1/1989 8/1/1989 9/1/1989 10/1/1989 11/1/1989 12/1/1989 1/1/1990 2/1/1990

Eq/d

ayEq/day Eq

/day

1000

Eq/day

1000

Earthquakes/day

100

1000

Minutes of trem

or/day

370

380

390

400

410

420

Eq/day

1000

Eq/day

100

1000

Earthquakes/day

100

1000

Minutes of trem

or/day

370

380

390

400

410

420

Eq/day


H

HH

HHHHH

H

HHH

HHHHHHHHHHHHH

H

H

HHHHHHHH

HH

HH

H

H

H

HHHHHHH

H

H

HHH

HH

HHH

H

HH

H

H

HH

HHHH

H

HHH HHHHHHHHHHH

HHHH

H

HHH

HHHHHH

HHHH

HH HH HH HHHH HHH H HHHHHHHHH HHH

HH

HHH H

H

HHH

HHH

HHHHHHHH

HH

HHHHHHHHHHH

H

H

H

HHHHH

HH

H

H

HH

HH

H

HHH

HH

H HHHHHHHHHHHH H

H

H

HH

HH

HH

HHHHHHHHHHHH H HHHHH

HHHH HHHHHHHHH H HHH H H H

H

HH

HH

H

HH

10

100

1000

1

10

1000

Eq/d

ayEq/day

JJJJ

J

JJ

J J J JJJJJJJJJ JJJJ

J

J

JJJJJJJ J J J J JJ

JJ

J

JJ JJJ J J J J J JJJJ

JJJ JJ J

JJ

10

100

1000

1

10

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ayEarthquakes/day

10

100

1000

10

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayM


GG

ff ffgg 55

370

380

390

400

410

420

370

380

390

400

410

4202/1/2000 3/1/2000 4/1/2000 5/1/2000 6/1/2000 7/1/2000 8/1/2000 9/1/2000 10/1/2000 11/1/2000 12/1/2000 1/1/2001 2/1/2001

Tilt

mag

(ur)




FFFF

F F F

F

FF

10

12/1/2000 3/1/2000 4/1/2000 5/1/2000 6/1/2000 7/1/2000 8/1/2000 9/1/2000 10/1/2000 11/1/2000 12/1/2000 1/1/2001 2/1/2001

Eq/d

ayEq/day



Episode 55




Appendix figure G2 s

S

Eq/day

F F F F FFF

F F F F 12/1/1990 3/1/1990 4/1/1990 5/1/1990 6/1/1990 7/1/1990 8/1/1990 9/1/1990 10/1/1990 11/1/1990 12/1/1990 1/1/1991 2/1/1991

Eq/d

ayEq/day Eq

/day

100

1000

Eq/d

ay

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ay

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ay

370

380

390

400

410

420

Tilt

mag

(ur)

Eq/d

ay

1000

Eq/day

100

1000

Earthquakes/day

100

1000

Minutes of trem

or/day

370

380

390

400

410

420

Eq/day

Appendix figure G2 t

T

Eq/day

F F F FF FF 12/1/1991 3/1/1991 4/1/1991 5/1/1991 6/1/1991 7/1/1991 8/1/1991 9/1/1991 10/1/1991 11/1/1991 12/1/1991 1/1/1992 2/1/1992

Eq/d

ayEq/day


HH

H

HHHHHHHH

HHHH

H

HHHHHH HH

HHHH

H HHHH H H HHHHHHHHH

HHHHHHHH

H

H HH

HH

H

H

HHH

HH

HHH

HH

HHHH H

H HH

HHHHHHHHH HH H

H

HH HHH H H HHHHHHHHH H

H

HHH

H

HHHH

10

100

1000

1

10

1000

Eq/d

ayEq/day

J

JJ JJ JJ

J

J

JJ J J J JJJ JJJJ J

10

100

1000

1

10

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ayEarthquakes/day

10

100

1000

10

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayM


GGGG GG

gg gg

370

380

390

400

410

420

370

380

390

400

410

4202/1/2001 3/1/2001 4/1/2001 5/1/2001 6/1/2001 7/1/2001 8/1/2001 9/1/2001 10/1/2001 11/1/2001 12/1/2001 1/1/2002 2/1/2002

Tilt

mag

(ur)




F F F F

10

12/1/2001 3/1/2001 4/1/2001 5/1/2001 6/1/2001 7/1/2001 8/1/2001 9/1/2001 10/1/2001 11/1/2001 12/1/2001 1/1/2002 2/1/2002

Eq/d

ayEq/day



Episode 55




2/1/1983 2/1/1984 2/1/1985 2/1/1986 2/1/1987 2/1/1988 2/1/1989 2/1/1990 2/1/1991 2/1/1992

U

Appendix figure G2 u

Eq/d

ay


HHHHH H

HHHHHHHH

HH

HHHH

H

HHH

HHHHHHHHHH HHH H H H H HHH H

HH

HH

H

HH HHHHH

HH H H HHH

HHHHHHH H H

HH

H HHH HH H H H H H HHH

HH

HHHHHHHHHHHHH H H

HH

10

100

1000

1

10

1000

Eq/d

ayEq/day

JJ

J

J JJ

J JJJJJJJJJJJ J

JJJ

JJJJ J J J

JJJ J J J JJ

10

100

1000

1

10

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ayEarthquakes/day

10

100

1000

10

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayM


gg gg55

370

380

390

400

410

420

370

380

390

400

410

4202/1/2002 3/1/2002 4/1/2002 5/1/2002 6/1/2002 7/1/2002 8/1/2002 9/1/2002 10/1/2002 11/1/2002 12/1/2002 1/1/2003 2/1/2003

Tilt

mag

(ur)




F F F F F

10

12/1/2002 3/1/2002 4/1/2002 5/1/2002 6/1/2002 7/1/2002 8/1/2002 9/1/2002 10/1/2002 11/1/2002 12/1/2002 1/1/2003 2/1/2003

Eq/d

ayEq/day



Episode 55




100

1000

Eq/d

ay

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ay

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ay

370

380

390

400

410

420

Tilt

mag

(ur)

Eq/d

ay

FF F F F 12/1/1992 3/1/1992 4/1/1992 5/1/1992 6/1/1992 7/1/1992 8/1/1992 9/1/1992 10/1/1992 11/1/1992 12/1/1992 1/1/1993 2/1/1993

Eq/d

ayEq/day

V

Appendix figure G2 v

2/1/1994

Eq/d

ay

F

FF

F F F F F F F 12/1/1993 3/1/1993 4/1/1993 5/1/1993 6/1/1993 7/1/1993 8/1/1993 9/1/1993 10/1/1993 11/1/1993 12/1/1993 1/1/1994 2/1/1994

Eq/d

ayEq/day

1000

Eq/day

100

1000

Earthquakes/day

100

1000

Minutes of trem

or/day

370

380

390

400

410

420

Eq/day


HHHH

HHHHHH

H

H

HHH

HH

H

HHHHHH

H

HH

H

H

HHHHHHH

H

H

HHH

HHHHHHHHHH

HHHHHH

HHH

HHHHHHHHH

H

H

HHH

HHHHH

HHHH

H

HH

H

HHH

HH

H

H

H

HHHH

H

H

HH

H

H H

H HHHH

HHHH

HHH

HH

HH

HH

H

H

H

HHH

H

H HHH

H

H

HHHHHHHH

HHHHHHH

HHH

HHHHHH

HH

HHHHHH HHHHHHHH

HHHHHHHH

HHH

HH

H

HH

HH

HHHH

HHH

HH

H

H

HH

10

100

1000

1

10

1000

Eq/d

ayEq/day

J J J J J JJJ

JJJJJJ

JJ

JJJ J

JJJJJJJJ

J JJ J JJ

JJJ J JJJJJ JJ J JJ J

10

100

1000

1

10

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ayEarthquakes/day

10

100

1000

10

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayM


gg55

370

380

390

400

410

420

370

380

390

400

410

4202/1/2003 3/1/2003 4/1/2003 5/1/2003 6/1/2003 7/1/2003 8/1/2003 9/1/2003 10/1/2003 11/1/2003 12/1/2003 1/1/2004 2/1/2004

Tilt

mag

(ur)




FF

10

12/1/2003 3/1/2003 4/1/2003 5/1/2003 6/1/2003 7/1/2003 8/1/2003 9/1/2003 10/1/2003 11/1/2003 12/1/2003 1/1/2004 2/1/2004

Eq/d

ayEq/day



Episode 55




100

1000

Eq/d

ay

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ay

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayTi

lt m

ag (u

r)Eq

/day

Eq/day

W

Appendix figure G2 w

Eq/d

ay

F F 12/1/1994 3/1/1994 4/1/1994 5/1/1994 6/1/1994 7/1/1994 8/1/1994 9/1/1994 10/1/1994 11/1/1994 12/1/1994 1/1/1995 2/1/1995

Eq/d

ayEq/day

Eq/day

1000

Eq/day

1000

Earthquakes/day

100

1000

Minutes of trem

or/day

370

380

390

400

410

420

Eq/day


HHHHHHHHHHHH

H

H HHHHHHH

H

H

H

H H H H

H

HH H HHHH

HHHH

HHHH

H

HHHHHHHHHHHHHH H H

HHH H

H

H HHH

H

HHHHH

HHHHHH

HH

H

H

H

H

H

HH

H10

100

1000

1

10

1000

Eq/d

ayEq/day

J J JJJ

10

100

1000

1

10

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ayEarthquakes/day

10

100

1000

10

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayM



gg gg gg gg gg 55

380

390

400

410

420

430

380

390

400

410

420

4302/1/2004 3/1/2004 4/1/2004 5/1/2004 6/1/2004 7/1/2004 8/1/2004 9/1/2004 10/1/2004 11/1/2004 12/1/2004 1/1/2005 2/1/2005

Tilt

mag

(ur)




F FF

10

12/1/2004 3/1/2004 4/1/2004 5/1/2004 6/1/2004 7/1/2004 8/1/2004 9/1/2004 10/1/2004 11/1/2004 12/1/2004 1/1/2005 2/1/2005

Eq/d

ayEq/day



Episode 55




100

1000

Eq/d

ay

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ay

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ay

390

400

410

420

430

440

Tilt

mag

(ur)

Eq/d

ay

2/1/2000 5/1/2000 8/1/2000 11/1/2000 2/1/2001 5/1/2001 8/1/2001 11/1/2001 2/1/2002 5/1/2002 8/1/2002 11/1/2002 2/1/2003

X

Appendix figure G2 x

Eq/d

ay

F F F F F 12/1/1995 3/1/1995 4/1/1995 5/1/1995 6/1/1995 7/1/1995 8/1/1995 9/1/1995 10/1/1995 11/1/1995 12/1/1995 1/1/1996 2/1/1996

Eq/d

ayEq/day

Eq/day

1000

Eq/day

100

1000

Earthquakes/day

100

1000

Minutes of trem

or/day

380

390

400

410

420

430

Eq/day


H HH

H

10

100

1000

1

10

1000

Eq/d

ayEq/day

J J J

J

J J

10

100

1000

1

10

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ayEarthquakes/day

10

100

1000

10

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayM


GG GG GGGGGG

390

400

410

420

430

440

390

400

410

420

430

4402/1/2005 3/1/2005 4/1/2005 5/1/2005 6/1/2005 7/1/2005 8/1/2005 9/1/2005 10/1/2005 11/1/2005 12/1/2005 1/1/2006 2/1/2006

Tilt

mag

(ur)




F

F

F

FF

FF F F

10

12/1/2005 3/1/2005 4/1/2005 5/1/2005 6/1/2005 7/1/2005 8/1/2005 9/1/2005 10/1/2005 11/1/2005 12/1/2005 1/1/2006 2/1/2006

Eq/d

ayEq/day



Episode 55




100

1000

Eq/d

ay

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ay

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayTi

lt m

ag (u

r)Eq

/day

2/1/2003 5/1/2003 8/1/2003 11/1/2003 2/1/2004 5/1/2004 8/1/2004 11/1/2004 2/1/2005 5/1/2005 8/1/2005 11/1/2005 2/1/20062/1/2003

Y

Appendix figure G2 y

Eq/d

ay

F

FF

F FF

FF F 12/1/1996 3/1/1996 4/1/1996 5/1/1996 6/1/1996 7/1/1996 8/1/1996 9/1/1996 10/1/1996 11/1/1996 12/1/1996 1/1/1997 2/1/1997

Eq/d

ayEq/day

Eq/day

1000

Eq/day

100

1000

Earthquakes/day

100

1000

Minutes of trem

or/day

390

400

410

420

430

440

Eq/day


10

100

1000

1

10

1000

Eq/d

ayEq/day

J J

10

100

1000

1

10

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ayEarthquakes/day

10

100

1000

10

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayM



11

400410420430440450460

400410420430440450460

2/1/2006 3/1/2006 4/1/2006 5/1/2006 6/1/2006 7/1/2006 8/1/2006 9/1/2006 10/1/2006 11/1/2006 12/1/2006 1/1/2007 2/1/2007Ti

lt m

ag (u

r)




F F F F F F

10

12/1/2006 3/1/2006 4/1/2006 5/1/2006 6/1/2006 7/1/2006 8/1/2006 9/1/2006 10/1/2006 11/1/2006 12/1/2006 1/1/2007 2/1/2007

Eq/d

ayEq/day



Episode 55




Kiholo Bay earthquake

100

1000

Eq/d

ay

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ay

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ay

380

400

420

440

Tilt

mag

(ur)

Eq/d

ay

2/1/2006 2/1/2006 5/1/2006 8/1/2006 11/1/2006 2/1/2007 5/1/2007 8/1/2007 11/1/2007 2/1/2008 5/1/2008 8/1/2008 11/1/2008 2/1/2009

Z

Appendix figure G2 z

Eq/d

ay

F F F F F FF

F 12/1/1997 3/1/1997 4/1/1997 5/1/1997 6/1/1997 7/1/1997 8/1/1997 9/1/1997 10/1/1997 11/1/1997 12/1/1997 1/1/1998 2/1/1998

Eq/d

ayEq/day

Eq/day

1000

Eq/day

100

1000

Earthquakes/day

100

1000

Minutes of trem

or/day

400410420430440450460

Eq/day

Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruptionn long-period seismicity 21/2007-2/1/2008 post-Kupaianaha--episode 55-58

10

100

1000

1

10

1000

Eq/d

ayEq/day

JJ J J J J

10

100

1000

1

10

100

1000

Earth

quak

es/d

ayEarthquakes/day

10

100

1000

10

100

1000

Min

utes

of t

rem

or/d

ayM


GGGG GG GGGG GGAA

BBB B BB55

380

400

420

440

380

400

420

440

2/1/2007 3/1/2007 4/1/2007 5/1/2007 6/1/2007 7/1/2007 8/1/2007 9/1/2007 10/1/2007 11/1/2007 12/1/2007 1/1/2008 2/1/2008Ti

lt m

ag (u

r)




F F F FFF

F FFF

F F

10

12/1/2007 3/1/2007 4/1/2007 5/1/2007 6/1/2007 7/1/2007 8/1/2007 9/1/2007 10/1/2007 11/1/2007 12/1/2007 1/1/2008 2/1/2008

Eq/d

ayEq/day



Episode 55 endFather's Day eruption

Episode 58




Appendix figure G3 a Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/1982-2/1/1983

A

E EEEEE E EEE EE E EEEEEE EE EEEEEEEEEEEE EEE EEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE E E E E E E EEE ELLLL LL LL LL LLLL LL LL LLLLLLG G GG G GG G GG

C C C C C C C

3 3 3333 33 3 3333333 33 3 3 33 3 3 3 3 3 3 333 33333 33 3 33 3 3 3333333 3 3333 33 3 33 3333 33 33 3 33 333 3 3 3LL LL

G G GG G G GGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGG GG G G GGGG GG G GLLLLLL LL LLLLLLLLCC CC CC CC CC C C C CC CCC CCCCCCC C C CCC CCCC CCC C CC CCCCCCCCCCCCC CCC CCCC CCCC CCCC CC CCCCCC CCCCCCC CCC CCLL LL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLL LLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLA AAAAA AAAAAA A AAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AA A A A A A AA A A AAAAA A AAA A AAAAA AAAAAA A AAAAAA ALL LLLL LLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLL LL LL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLL LLLLLLLLLL LL LL LL LLLL

2LLLL

@ @@ @ @ @@ @ @ @ @ @@@@@ @@ @ @ @@@ @@@@@@ @LL

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D D

02/1/1982 3/1/1982 4/1/1982 5/1/1982 6/1/1982 7/1/1982 8/1/1982 9/1/1982 10/1/1982 11/1/1982 12/1/1982 1/1/1983 2/1/1983

Earthquake swarms: britlle-failure long-period

>10 events (magma supply, rift zones); >20 events (south flank)3-10 events (magma supply, rift zones); 5-20 events (south flank)LL

>10 events (lpms4.5); >100 events (lpms1-3)3-10 events (lpms4.5); 10-100 events (lpms1-3)1-3 events (lpms4.5); 1-10 events (lpms1-3)

LLD

sf4swrsf3kuersf2mer

ei5swrei4sswrei3uerei2mer

koae

s-pl-ps-pl-p

s-pl-p

s-pl-p

ms1

ms2

ms3

ms4-5

J Far eastern south flank (0-15 km)B Eastern south flank (0-15 km)H Central south flank (0-15 km))F Western south flank (0-15 km)

E Lower east rift zone (0-15 km)G Middle east rift zone (0-15 km)C Upper east rift zone (0-15 km)A Seismic southwest rift zone (0-15 km)2 Southwest rift zone (0-15 km)



JJ JJBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BB

0episode 1

Eruptions: J Summit B East rift zone F Southwest rift zone Intrusions: E summit G East rift zone A southwest rift zone @ Koaef eruption pauses g surges (Deflation-Inflation-Deflation events) 2 "Silent" eq 1 Significant eq M ≥ 5.0

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400

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6002/1/1982 3/1/1982 4/1/1982 5/1/1982 6/1/1982 7/1/1982 8/1/1982 9/1/1982 10/1/1982 11/1/1982 12/1/1982 1/1/1983 2/1/1983

Tilt

mag

(ur)

E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km

3 Deep magma supply path (> 20 km)

Kïlauea caldera

Uwëkahuna water-tube tilt magnitude: daily readings from arbitrary "0"

Appendix figure G3 b Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/1983-2/1/1984

B

3 3 3333 33 3 3333333 33 3 3 33 3 3 3 3 3 3 333 33333 33 3 33 3 3 3333333 3 3333 33 3 33 3333 33 33 3 33 333 3 3 3

G G GG G G GGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGG GG G G GGGG GG G G

CC CC CC CC CC C C C CC CCC CCCCCCC C C CCC CCCC CCC C CC CCCCCCCCCCCCC CCC CCCC CCCC CCCC CC CCCCCC CCCCCCC CCC CC

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBB BBBBBBB BBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBLL LL LL LL LL LLLLLL LL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHLL LL LLLL LL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLL LL LL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LL LL LLLLLLLL LLLL LL

FF F F FFF F FF FFF FF F F FF F FFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFF FFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFF F F FFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFF FFF FF F FFF FFFFF FF F FF F FF

02/1/1983

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BB



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2/1/1983

E E E E EEEEEEE E EE EE ELL LL

G GGGGGGG G G G GGGGLL LL

C CC C C CC C C CC C C CCCC C C CLL

3 33 3 3 33 3 33 3 3 3 3 3 3 33 3 3333 3 3 3LL

G G GG

A A

2 222222222222222222 22222222 22222 22 22222222 2 222222222LLLLLL

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HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHLL LL LL LL LL LL LLLL LLLL LLLLLL LLLL LLLL LLLLFFF F F FF F FF F F F F F F F F F F FFF F F F FFFFFFFFFF F FF F FFF FLL LL

D

D D

D D

D DD D D D

02/1/1983 3/1/1983 4/1/1983 5/1/1983 6/1/1983 7/1/1983 8/1/1983 9/1/1983 10/1/1983 11/1/1983 12/1/1983 1/1/1984 2/1/1984




LLD

sf4swrsf3kuersf2mer


koae

s-pl-ps-pl-p

s-pl-p

s-pl-p

ms1

ms2

ms3

ms4-5



B B B B B B BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB10

High-fountaining eruptive episodes2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

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4702/1/1983 3/1/1983 4/1/1983 5/1/1983 6/1/1983 7/1/1983 8/1/1983 9/1/1983 10/1/1983 11/1/1983 12/1/1983 1/1/1984 2/1/1984

Tilt

mag

(ur)


E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km


Kïlauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 c Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/1984-2/1/1985

C

2 222222222222222222 22222222 22222 22 22222222 2 222222222

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

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02/1/1984

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2/1/1984

E E E E E E EE EE EE EE E EE E EE EEEEE E E EEEE EE EEEE EEEELL

GG G G G GG G G G G G GG GG G G GGG GGG GG G G G G GG G GG GG G GLL

C C C CC C C C CCC C C C C C CCC

3 3 3 3 3 33 33 333 3 3 333 3 3 33 3 3

G G G

C C

A A

222 22 2 2 22 2 2 2 2 222 2 22 2 22 222 22 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 22 2 222 2 2 22 2LL LL

@ @ @ @

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HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHLL LL LL LL LLLL LL

FF F F F FFF FF F F FF F F F FF FF F F F FF F FFLL

DD DD D

D DD D

D DD

D D D D D D DD D D DD D

02/1/1984 3/1/1984 4/1/1984 5/1/1984 6/1/1984 7/1/1984 8/1/1984 9/1/1984 10/1/1984 11/1/1984 12/1/1984 1/1/1985 2/1/1985




LLD

sf4swrsf3kuersf2mer


koae

s-pl-ps-pl-p

s-pl-p

s-pl-p

ms1

ms2

ms3

ms4-5




0

High-fountaining eruptive episodes15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

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4502/1/1984 3/1/1984 4/1/1984 5/1/1984 6/1/1984 7/1/1984 8/1/1984 9/1/1984 10/1/1984 11/1/1984 12/1/1984 1/1/1985 2/1/1985

Tilt

mag

(ur)


E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km


Kï lauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 d Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/1985-2/1/1986

D

G G G

C C

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH

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D DD

02/1/1985

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2/1/1985

EEE E E E E EEE EE E E EEE EE E EE E EE EE E EE EEEEE EE E E EEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEE E EEELL LL LL LL LL LL LLLLLL

G G GG G G GGG G G G G G G GG G G GG GG G G G G G GG GGGGGGGG GGGG GG GLL LL

C C C C CC C C C C C CC

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 33 3 3 3 3 33 3 3 3 3 3

G G GG G GGG

C C C C C

A A

2 2 2 2 22 2 22 22 2 2 22 22 2 2

@ @ @

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB B BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBB BBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBB B BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBLL LL LL

HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHH HHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHH H HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHLLLL LL LLLL LL LL LL

FFFF F F F FF F F F F FF F FF F F F F

D D D DDDD D D DD DD D

DD D DD DDDD D DDDD DD DDDDDDDD D D DDDD DDDD DDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDD DD DD

DDDD D D D DDDDD DDDDD D D D D D D DDDDD DD

D D D D D D D DLL0

2/1/1985 3/1/1985 4/1/1985 5/1/1985 6/1/1985 7/1/1985 8/1/1985 9/1/1985 10/1/1985 11/1/1985 12/1/1985 1/1/1986 2/1/1986




LLD

sf4swrsf3kuersf2mer


koae

s-pl-ps-pl-p

s-pl-p

s-pl-p

ms1

ms2

ms3

ms4-5




0

High-fountaining eruptive episodes30 31 32 33 34 3535A 36 37 38 39 40 41

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4402/1/1985 3/1/1985 4/1/1985 5/1/1985 6/1/1985 7/1/1985 8/1/1985 9/1/1985 10/1/1985 11/1/1985 12/1/1985 1/1/1986 2/1/1986

Tilt

mag

e (u

r)


E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km


Kï lauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 e Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/1986-2/1/1987

E

G G GG G G GGG G G G G G G GG G G GG GG G G G G G GG GGGGGGGG GGGG GG G

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02/1/1986


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EEE E E EE EEE E E EEEE EEEE E E EE EE EEE EE EE E E E E E EEE E E EE EEEEE E E EE E E EEEEE E EELL LLLL LL LL

GG G G GG G G G GG G G G G GG G G G G G G G GLL LL LLCC C CC C C C C CC C

3 3 3 33 33 3 33 33 3 3 3 3 3 3 333333 3

G GG G G G GG G G

C CC C C C C

2 2 2 22 2 22 222 22

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HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHH HHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHH HHHHHHHHHHHHH H HHH H HHHHHHLLLL LL LL

F F F F F FF F F

D DDDDD D D D DD D DD

DDDDDDDDDDD D D D D D D D DD DDD DD D D

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D D D D D D DD DD D DDDD D DLLLL0

2/1/1986 3/1/1986 4/1/1986 5/1/1986 6/1/1986 7/1/1986 8/1/1986 9/1/1986 10/1/1986 11/1/1986 12/1/1986 1/1/1987 2/1/1987




LLD

sf4swrsf3kuersf2mer


koae

s-pl-ps-pl-p

s-pl-p

s-pl-p

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Tilt

mag

(ur)

Shift of vent from Pu'u 'O'o to Kuapianaha--beginning of continuous eruption42 43 44 45 46 47 48


E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km


Kïlauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 f Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/1987-2/1/1988

F

EEE E E EE EEE E E EEEE EEEE E E EE EE EEE EE EE E E E E E EEE E E EE EEEEE E E EE E E EEEEE E EE

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HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHH HHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHH HHHHHHHHHHHHH H HHH H HHHHHH

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02/1/1987

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2/1/1987

EE E E E E E E E EEEEE E EE EEE EE EEE EE E EE E E E E EE E E EEEEE EE EEE EEEEE E E E E EE E E E EEEEE EE E E EEEEEE E ELL

G G G G GG G G GG G G GG GGG G G G G GLL

C C CCC C C C CC C C C C C

3 3 3 3 33 33 3 3 3

G G G G GG G G GGGGGGGG G G GLL

C C

2 2 2 2 222 2 2 2 2 2

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HHHHHHHHHH H HH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH HHHHHH HHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHH HHHH HHHHH HHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH H HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HH HHHHHHHLL LL

F F F F F F F F F F F

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D D DDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDD DD D D DDDDDD D

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2/1/1987 3/1/1987 4/1/1987 5/1/1987 6/1/1987 7/1/1987 8/1/1987 9/1/1987 10/1/1987 11/1/1987 12/1/1987 1/1/1988 2/1/1988




LLD

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koae

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Tilt

mag

(ur)

episode 48 continuing


E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km


Kï lauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 g Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/1988-2/1/1989

G

EE E E E E E E E EEEEE E EE EEE EE EEE EE E EE E E E E EE E E EEEEE EE EEE EEEEE E E E E EE E E E EEEEE EE E E EEEEEE E E

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F F F F F F F F F F F

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02/1/1988

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02/1/1988 3/1/1988 4/1/1988 5/1/1988 6/1/1988 7/1/1988 8/1/1988 9/1/1988 10/1/1988 11/1/1988 12/1/1988 1/1/1989 2/1/1989




LLD

sf4swrsf3kuersf2mer


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Tilt

mag

(ur)



Tilt

mag

(ur)

E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km


Kï lauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 hPuÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/1989-2/1/1990

H

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02/1/1989

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E E EE EEEE E E E E E E EEE E E E E EEE E E EE EE E E E E E EE ELL

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CC C C C C C C C C C

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D D D DD D D D D D D D D D DDD D D D

02/1/1989 3/1/1989 4/1/1989 5/1/1989 6/1/1989 7/1/1989 8/1/1989 9/1/1989 10/1/1989 11/1/1989 12/1/1989 1/1/1990 2/1/1990




LLD

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koae

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4102/1/1989 3/1/1989 4/1/1989 5/1/1989 6/1/1989 7/1/1989 8/1/1989 9/1/1989 10/1/1989 11/1/1989 12/1/1989 1/1/1990 2/1/1990

Tilt

mag

(ur)



E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km


Kïlauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 i Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/1990-2/1/1991

I

02/1/1990

2/1/1990

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CC C C C C C C C

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02/1/1990 3/1/1990 4/1/1990 5/1/1990 6/1/1990 7/1/1990 8/1/1990 9/1/1990 10/1/1990 11/1/1990 12/1/1990 1/1/1991 2/1/1991




LLD

sf4swrsf3kuersf2mer


koae

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mag

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E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km


Kïlauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 j Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/1991-2/1/1992

J

CC C CCCCC C C C CC C C C CCC CC CCCC C CC C CCC C C C

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02/1/1991 3/1/1991 4/1/1991 5/1/1991 6/1/1991 7/1/1991 8/1/1991 9/1/1991 10/1/1991 11/1/1991 12/1/1991 1/1/1992 2/1/1992




LLD

sf4swrsf3kuersf2mer


koae

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ep 49 episode 48 continuing

E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km


Kï lauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 k Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/1992-2/1/1993

K

LL LL 02/1/1982 3/1/1982 4/1/1982 5/1/1982 6/1/1982 7/1/1982 8/1/1982 9/1/1982 10/1/1982 11/1/1982 12/1/1982 1/1/1983 2/1/1983

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EEEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEE E E EEEE EEEEEEEEEEE EE EE EEEEEEE EEEEEE EEE EEEE E E E E E EE E EE E EEEEELLLL LL LL LLLLLL LL LL LLLL LLG GG G G GG GGGG GGG G GGG G GGG G G GG G G G G GG GGLL LL LL LL

C C C C C CC C CCLL

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DD DDDDDD D D D DD DDD DDDDDD D D D D DDD D D

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D D D D D

02/1/1992 3/1/1992 4/1/1992 5/1/1992 6/1/1992 7/1/1992 8/1/1992 9/1/1992 10/1/1992 11/1/1992 12/1/1992 1/1/1993 2/1/1993

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koae

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E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km


Kïlauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 l Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/1993-2/1/1994

L

02/1/1983

LL 02/1/1983 3/1/1983 4/1/1983 5/1/1983 6/1/1983 7/1/1983 8/1/1983 9/1/1983 10/1/1983 11/1/1983 12/1/1983 1/1/1984 2/1/1984

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sf4swrsf3kuersf2mer


EEEEEEE E EE EEE E EEEE EEE EE E E EEE EEEEE E EEE EEE E E E E E E E EE EE E ELLLL LLLLG G GGG G G G GG G G GG G G G G GG G G G G G GGGGLL

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D D DDDDDD DDDDDDDDD D DDD DDDLL

DD DDDD DDDD D DD DD DDDD DDDD DDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDD DDDDDDLLLL LLLL LL

D DDD DD D D D D D D D

02/1/1993 3/1/1993 4/1/1993 5/1/1993 6/1/1993 7/1/1993 8/1/1993 9/1/1993 10/1/1993 11/1/1993 12/1/1993 1/1/1994 2/1/1994

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ep 52 episode 53

02/1/1993

390

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4302/1/1993

E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

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Kï lauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 m Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/1994-2/1/1995

M

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02/1/1984 3/1/1984 4/1/1984 5/1/1984 6/1/1984 7/1/1984 8/1/1984 9/1/1984 10/1/1984 11/1/1984 12/1/1984 1/1/1985 2/1/1985

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E E E EEE E EEE E E E E EEEEEEEEE E EEE EE E E EEEEE E E EEE E

G G G GG G G G G G GG G

C C C C C

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02/1/1994 3/1/1994 4/1/1994 5/1/1994 6/1/1994 7/1/1994 8/1/1994 9/1/1994 10/1/1994 11/1/1994 12/1/1994 1/1/1995 2/1/1995

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LLD

sf4swrsf3kuersf2mer


koae

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Tilt

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02/1/1994

2/1/1994

E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km


Kï lauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 n Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/1995-2/1/1996

N

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E EEE E EE E EE EE E E E E E E E EE E E E E E EE E E E E EEEE ELL LL

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02/1/1995 3/1/1995 4/1/1995 5/1/1995 6/1/1995 7/1/1995 8/1/1995 9/1/1995 10/1/1995 11/1/1995 12/1/1995 1/1/1996 2/1/1996




LLD

sf4swrsf3kuersf2mer


koae

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2/1/1995

2/1/1995

E 0-5 km

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Kïlauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 o Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/1996-2-2/1/1997

O

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LLD

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mag

(ur)

episode 53 endepisode 54

2/1/1996

2/1/1996

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370

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episode 55



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Tilt

mag

(ur)

2/1/1997

2/1/1997

E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km


Kï lauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 q Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/1998-2/1/1999

Q

02/1/1988

02/1/1988 3/1/1988 4/1/1988 5/1/1988 6/1/1988 7/1/1988 8/1/1988 9/1/1988 10/1/1988 11/1/1988 12/1/1988 1/1/1989 2/1/1989

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mag

(ur)

E E EE E E E EE E EE EEE E EEE E EEE E EEE EE E E E EE EE E E ELL LL

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Tilt

mag

(ur)


E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km


Kïlauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 r Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/1999-2/1/2000

R

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02/1/1999 3/1/1999 4/1/1999 5/1/1999 6/1/1999 7/1/1999 8/1/1999 9/1/1999 10/1/1999 11/1/1999 12/1/1999 1/1/2000 2/1/2000

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LLD

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Tilt

mag

(ur)


E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km


Kïlauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 s Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/2000-2/1/2001

S

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Tilt

mag

(ur)


02/1/2000

2/1/2000

E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km


Kï lauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 t Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/2001-2/1/2002

T

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C C C C C C CCC C C C C CC CCC C CC

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C C C CCC CC C C C C C CCC C CCLL LL

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gg gg0Earthquake swarms: britlle-failure long-period



LLD

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Tilt

mag

(ur)


02/1/2001

2/1/2001

E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km


Kï lauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 u Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/2002-2/1/2003

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Tilt

mag

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HHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHH HH H HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHH HH HHHHHHHHHH H HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHH H HHHHHHH H HHHHHHH HHH HHH HHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHLLLL LLLL LL

F F FF F F F F F F F FF FF

DDDD D D DD D DDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDD DDDDDDDDDD D D D DDDD D D D D

DDDDDDD DD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD D DD D D D D D DD DDD D DDD DDD

D DDDDDD DDD D D DDD DDDDDDDD DD D D DDDDD D DDDD D D D D D D D D DD DDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD D D DDDD

02/1/2002 3/1/2002 4/1/2002 5/1/2002 6/1/2002 7/1/2002 8/1/2002 9/1/2002 10/1/2002 11/1/2002 12/1/2002 1/1/2003 2/1/2003

Uwekahuna water-tube tilt magnitude: daily readings from arbitrary "0"

22gg gg0 Earthquake swarms: britlle-failure long-period



LLD

sf4swrsf3kuersf2mer


koae

s-pl-ps-pl-p

s-pl-p

s-pl-p

ms1

ms2

ms3

ms4-5




episoed 55 continuing

Tilt

mag

(ur)

E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km


Kï lauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 v Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/2003-2/1/2004

V

33 3 3 3 3 3 3 33 3 3 33 3 3 02/1/1993 3/1/1993 4/1/1993 5/1/1993 6/1/1993 7/1/1993 8/1/1993 9/1/1993 10/1/1993 11/1/1993 12/1/1993 1/1/1994 2/1/1994

02/1/1993

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Tilt

mag

(ur)

E EE EE EEEEEEEE EEE EEEEE EEEEE EE E E E EE E E EEE EEE EEE E E E EEEEEEEEEEE E EEEEEEEEEEEEEE EEE EEE EEEE E EEEE EEEEEEEEE E EEEEEEEEEE E EE E E EEEELL LL LLLL

GG G G G G G G GG G GG GGG G G G GG GGG GGGG G G GG G GG G GG G G GLL LL LLLLC CCCCC C C C C C C C CCC C CC C C C C C

333 3 3 333 33 3 333 33 3 33 3 33 3 3 333 33 3 3 3 3 3 3 333 333 33 3 3 3333 33 3

G G G G G G GG G G G G G GGGG G G GG G GG G G GG

CC C C C CC C C C C C CC CCC C C C C CC CC C C C C C

A A A A A A A A A A

2 2 2 2 2 2

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HHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH HHHHHHH HHHHH HHHHHHH H HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHH HH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH H HHHHHHHHH HHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHH HHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHH HH HHH HLL LLLL LL

F FF F F FF FF F F FF F

D D D D D DDDDDDDDDDDDD DD DDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDD DDD D DDD DDD D DDDDDD DD D DD D

DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDD DDD DDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDD D D DDD DDDDDDD DDLL LL LL LLLL LLLLLLLL LL LL LL

D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD D DDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD D DDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDD DD DD DD DDD DDD DDLL LLLLL LL

02/1/2003 3/1/2003 4/1/2003 5/1/2003 6/1/2003 7/1/2003 8/1/2003 9/1/2003 10/1/2003 11/1/2003 12/1/2003 1/1/2004 2/1/2004

Uwekahuna water-tube tilt magnitude: daily readings from arbitrary "0"

22gg0 Earthquake swarms: britlle-failure long-period



LLD

sf4swrsf3kuersf2mer


koae

s-pl-ps-pl-p

s-pl-p

s-pl-p

ms1

ms2

ms3

ms4-5





380

390400

410420

430

Tilt

mag

(ur)

E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km


Kï lauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 w Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/2004-2/1//2005

W

33333 3 333 3 3 3 3 3 33LLLL 02/1/1994 3/1/1994 4/1/1994 5/1/1994 6/1/1994 7/1/1994 8/1/1994 9/1/1994 10/1/1994 11/1/1994 12/1/1994 1/1/1995 2/1/1995

02/1/1994

2/1/2004

DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDD DDD DDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDD D D DDD DDDDDDD DD

D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD D DDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD D DDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDD DD DD DD DDD DDD DD

02/1/2004

EEE EEEE E E EEEEEE EEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE E E E EEEEEE E E EEEEE EEEEEEE EEE EEE EEEEEEE E EEE E E E EE E EEE EEE E EE EE E EEEE EEEELL LLLLLL LLLLG G GG G G G G G G G G G G G G GG G G GGGGGG GG G G GG G GGG G GGGGGLL LL LL

CC C C C C CC C C C C

3 3 33 3 33 33 3 3333 33 3 3 333 3 33 33 3 333333 33 33333 3 33 3333 333 33333333 3 33 333333 3 33 3 33 333 3LL LL

GG G G GG G G G GG G GG G GG GG G GG G GG GG GGGGGGGGG G G G GG GGGLL

C CCCCCCCC CC CCCCC CCCCCCCCCCC C CCCC C CCCCCCCCCCCC CCCC CCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CCC CCC CCC CC CCC CC CC C C CC CCC C C CCCCCCC CCCCC CCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCC CCCCCCCCCCCLL LL LL LLLL LL LLLLLL LL LL LLA AAA A A AAA AA AA AAA A AAAAAA AAA A A AA AAA AAAA AAAAA AAA AAA AAA A AAAAAAAA AA AA AAA AAAAAAA AAA AAALL LL

2

@ @ @ @ @ @@

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBB BBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBLLLL LL LL LLLL

HHHHHH H H HHHHHHH HHH HHHHHHHHHH HHHH HHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH HHHH HHHHHHHHHH HHH HHHHHHHH HHHHHH H H HHHHH HHHHHHH H HHHH HHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHH HHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHLL LLF F F F F

D D DDDD

DDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDD D DDD DDDDDDD DD D D D DDDD DD D DDDDDDDDDDDDD D DDDDDLL LL

DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD D DDDDD D DDD DDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDLL LL

02/1/2004 3/1/2004 4/1/2004 5/1/2004 6/1/2004 7/1/2004 8/1/2004 9/1/2004 10/1/2004 11/1/2004 12/1/2004 1/1/2005 2/1/2005


22gg gg gg gg gg0

Eruptions: J Summit B East rift zone F Southwest rift zone Intrusions: E summit G East rift zone A southwest rift zone @ Koae




LLD

sf4swrsf3kuersf2mer


koae

s-pl-ps-pl-p

s-pl-p

s-pl-p

ms1

ms2

ms3

ms4-5



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Tilt

mag

(ur)


390

400410

420430

440

Tilt

mag

(ur)

E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km


Kïlauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 x Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/2005-2/1//2006

X

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2/1/2005

2/1/2005

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EE E E E E E EEE EE EEE EE E E E E E E EEE EEE E EE EEE EEEEEEE EE EE EEEE EEE EEEE EEE EEEE EEEE E EEE EEEEEEEEELLLLGGGG GGG GGGGG GG GG GG GG GG G G GGGG GGGG G GGGGGG GG GGGGG G GGGGG GG GGGGGG GG GG G GG G GGG G GGGG GG G GG GG GGG GG GGG GGGGGGGLL LL LL LL LL

C C CC C C C C C C C CLL

3 33 3 333 3 33 333 333 3 3333 333 3333 33 33 333 333 3 3333 3 33 3333 33 33 333333 3 3333 3 3333333 3 3 3 3333 33333 333 33 333333 3333 3333333LL

GGGG G G G GG G G GGG G G GG G G G G G GG GG GG G G G GG G G G G G G GGG GGGGLL

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C C C C C C CCC CC C C CC C CC CCCCC CC CCCC CCCCCC C CCCCCCCCCCCCC C C CCCC CCCCCCC C CCCCCCC CCCC C CC CC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCLL LLLLLL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLAAAAAAAAAAAAAA A AA AA AA A A AA A AA A AAAAAAAAAAAA AA A A A AAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAA AAA A A AA AAA A AAAA A AAAA AAAAA AAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AAAAAA AALL LL LL LL

2 2 22 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

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HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHH HHHH HHH HHHHHH HHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHLL LL LL

F F F FF F

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02/1/2005 3/1/2005 4/1/2005 5/1/2005 6/1/2005 7/1/2005 8/1/2005 9/1/2005 10/1/2005 11/1/2005 12/1/2005 1/1/2006 2/1/2006

GG GG GGGGGG

0





LLD

sf4swrsf3kuersf2mer


koae

s-pl-ps-pl-p

s-pl-p

s-pl-p

ms1

ms2

ms3

ms4-5



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Tilt

mag

(ur)


400

410420

430440

450

Tilt

mag

(ur)

E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km


Kïlauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 y Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/2006-2/1//2007

Y

3 3 33 3 3 3 3 3 3 333 3 3 33 3 02/1/1996 3/1/1996 4/1/1996 5/1/1996 6/1/1996 7/1/1996 8/1/1996 9/1/1996 10/1/1996 11/1/1996 12/1/1996 1/1/1997 2/1/19972/1/1996

2/1/2006

2/1/2006

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EE EE E E E E E E E E E EE E EE E E EE EE E E EEE E E EEE ELL LLLLLLLLGG GG GGGGGGGGGGGGG GGG GGGGGGG GGGG G GGGGG GG G GGGGGGGG G GGG GG GG G G GG G G G GGGG GGGG G GGGGGG GGG G GG GG G GG GGGG GG G GG G GGGGG GGGLLLL LLLLLL LL LL LL LL LLLLLL

CC C C CCC C C C CC CCC C C

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GG G G GG G GG G GG GG GGG G GG G G GGGG GGGG GG G GGGG GGGGG G G GG GG G G G GLL

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CC CCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCC CCC CC CCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C CC CC CCCCCCCCC CCCCCC C C CCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCC CC C CC CC CCCCC C CC CCCC CC CC CCCCCLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLL LL LL LLLL LL LLLLLL LLLLLL LL LLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LL LL LLAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA A A AAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAA AAAA AAA AAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AA AA A AA AAAA A ALL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLL LL LLLLLLLLLL LL LL LL LLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LL

2 2 2 2 22 22 22 2 2 2 2 22 2 2

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HH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH H H HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH H HHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHLL LLLLLL LL LL LLLL

FFF FF FF F FFF F F FF FFFF FFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFF FFFF FF FFFFFFF FFFFF FFF FFFFFFF FFFF FFF FFFFFFFFFF FF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFF F F F F F FFFFF

D D

02/1/2006 3/1/2006 4/1/2006 5/1/2006 6/1/2006 7/1/2006 8/1/2006 9/1/2006 10/1/2006 11/1/2006 12/1/2006 1/1/2007 2/1/2007


110





LLD

sf4swrsf3kuersf2mer


koae

s-pl-ps-pl-p

s-pl-p

s-pl-p

ms1

ms2

ms3

ms4-5



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Tilt

mag

(ur)

episoed 55 continuingKiholo Bay earthquake

380390400410420430440450

Tilt

mag

(ur)

E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km


Kï lauea caldera


Appendix figure G3 z Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: 2/1/2007-2/1//2008

Z

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 33 3333 33 33 3 3 02/1/1997 3/1/1997 4/1/1997 5/1/1997 6/1/1997 7/1/1997 8/1/1997 9/1/1997 10/1/1997 11/1/1997 12/1/1997 1/1/1998 2/1/19982/1/1997

2/1/2007

2/1/2007

EE EE EE EE E E EEE E E EE EE E E EE EE EEE EEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEE EEEEE EEE EEE EEEEEEEE EEEEE EEEE EEEE EEEEEEE EEE EE EEE EEE EEE E EELLLL LL LL

G G G GGGG G GG GG G G GG GG G GG GG G G G G GGGGGGG G GGGG G G GG G G GGG G G GGGG GLL LL LL

C C C C C C C C C C C CLL

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GG GG G G GGGG G GG GGG GG G GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGG GLL LLLLLLC C CCCC CCCCCCCC CCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C C C C C CLL LL LL LL LLLL LLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLL LL LL

AAA A AA AA A AAAA A AAAA A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA A A A AA A A A ALL LL LLLLLLLLLL

2 2 2 2 2 22 2 2@ @ @ @ @ @@ @ @

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F FF F F F FF F F F FFF F F F F F F

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02/1/2007 3/1/2007 4/1/2007 5/1/2007 6/1/2007 7/1/2007 8/1/2007 9/1/2007 10/1/2007 11/1/2007 12/1/2007 1/1/2008 2/1/2008

GGGG GG GGGG GGAA

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LLD

sf4swrsf3kuersf2mer


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2/1/2007 3/1/2007 4/1/2007 5/1/2007 6/1/2007 7/1/2007 8/1/2007 9/1/2007 10/1/2007 11/1/2007 12/1/2007 1/1/2008 2/1/2008

Tilt

mag

(ur)

episode 55 end 6/17 0930Father's day eruption6/19/2007 0050-0300? episoed 58

E 0-5 km

G 5-10 km

C 10-20 km


Kï lauea caldera


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DD D DD D DD DDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDD DDDD DDDDDDDDDDD DDD D D D

D D D DD DDDD D DDDDDDDDDDDD D DDD D D DDDDD DD DDDDDDDDDD DD DDDD DD

D DDD D D D D D D DD DD D D DD D D D D DD D D DDD D D DLL

1/1/1983 4/1/1983 7/1/1983 10/1/1983 1/1/1984 4/1/1984 7/1/1984 10/1/1984 1/1/1985 4/1/1985 7/1/1985 10/1/1985 1/1/1986 4/1/1986 7/1/1986

Uwekahuna water-tube tilt magnitude: daily readings fromarbitrary "0"


sf4swrsf3kuersf2mer


koae

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s-pl-p

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1/1/1983 4/1/1983 7/1/1983 10/1/1983 1/1/1984 4/1/1984 7/1/1984 10/1/1984 1/1/1985 4/1/1985 7/1/1985 10/1/1985 1/1/1986 4/1/1986 7/1/1986

Tilt

mag

(ur)

Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: Stage IA, episodes 1-47Figure G4


= Significant eq M � 5.0

Z "Silent"eq (spreading steps)f eruption pauses g surges ("dieflation-inflation-deflation events)

>10 events (magma supply, rift zones); >20 events (south flank)3-10 events (magma supply, rift zones); 5-20 events (south flank)

LL


LLD

J Far eastern south flank (0-15 km)B Eastern south flank (0-15 km)H Central south flank (0-15 km)F Western south flank (0-15 km)

Seismic southwest rift zone (0-15 km)Southwest rift zone (0-15 km) Koae fault zone

A

D@

Lower east rift zone (0-15 km) Middle east rift zone (0-15 km)Upper east rift zone (0-15 km)

E

GC

1-47Episodes

E 0-5 kmG 5-10 kmC 10-20 km3 Deep magma supply path (> 20 km)

Kïlauea caldera


333 33 3 3 33 3 3 333 3 3 333 333 3 3 3333 33 3 3 33 3 3 33333333333 3 3333 3 33 3 33 333 33LL LL LL 02/1/2002 3/1/2002 4/1/2002 5/1/2002 6/1/2002 7/1/2002 8/1/2002 9/1/2002 10/1/2002 11/1/2002 12/1/2002 1/1/2003 2/1/2003

Tilt

mag

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de (a

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19.05

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in d

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12/23/1984 suspected deep intrusion data from 12/22-241984Appendix figure G5

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orth

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Intrusionsouth flank eqs beg: 12/23/1984 06:14south flank eqs end: 12/23/1984 13:37

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km

brittle-failure5 0-5 km1 5-10 km< 10-15 kmD > 20 km

long-period

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eqs beg: 10/5/1985 21:02 eqs end: 10/6/1985 20:44

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

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Appendix figure G6 10/5-6/1985 suspected deep intrusion?: data from 10/4-8/1985

19.05

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Episode 48Fissure eruption 7/18/1986 12:05-7/19/1986 09:30Continuous eruption7/20/1986 08:30-2/7/1992

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

Pre-fissure eruptionSyn-fissure eruptionPost-fissure eruption

F Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha vents

Magma transfer from Pu'u 'O'o to Kupaianaha

Appendix figure G7 Episode 48 fissure eruption leading to continuous eruption: data from 7/14-24/1986

19.05

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7/1/1986

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7/1/1986

02/1/2003

333 3 3 333 33 3 333 33 3 33 3 33 3 3 333 33 3 3 3 3 3 3 333 333 33 3 3 3333 33 3 02/1/2003 3/1/2003 4/1/2003 5/1/2003 6/1/2003 7/1/2003 8/1/2003 9/1/2003 10/1/2003 11/1/2003 12/1/2003 1/1/2004 2/1/2004

Tilt

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EEEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEE EE EEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEELL LL LL LL LLLLLL LLLLLLLL LLGGGGGG GGG GG G GG G G GGG G GG GGGGGGGG G GG GGGGGGGGGG G GG G GGGGGGGGGGG G GG G GGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GG GG GGGGGGGG GGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGG GG GGGGGGGGGGLL LL LL LL LLLL LL LLLLLL LL

CC CC C C C CCCC C CCCCC C C C CC C CC C C C C CC CC C C CC C CC CCCCCC CC C CC C C

3 3 3333 333333 3 3 3 3 3 33 33 33 33 33 33 333 3 333333 33 333 333 3 33 3333333333 33 33 3 33333333333 3333 333 3 3 333 3 3 3333 333 3 33

G G G GGGGG GGGGGGGGGGG G G G G G GG GGG GGGG GGGGGGG GGGGGG GGGGGGG GGGGGG GGGGG GGGGGGG GGGGGG GGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGLL LL LL LL

C C C C C C C CC CCCC C CC C C CC CCCCC C C CC CCCCCCC CCCCC C C CCCCCCCCCCCC CCCC CCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCLL LL LLLL LLLL

222 222 222 22 222 2 222 22 22 2 2 2222222 22 2222222 22 2 2 22 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 22 22 2 2 2 22 2 2

@ @ @ @ @ @ @@ @ @@ @ @ @ @@ @ @@ @ @

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D DD DDD D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDD DD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDD DDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDD DD D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDD

DDD DDDDD DD D D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DD D DDLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LL LLLL LLDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDD DLLLL LLLLLLLL LLLLLLLL LLLL LLLL LL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LL LL LL LL LLLLD DD DDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDD DDD DDD D DDDDD DDDD D DDDDDD D DDD DDD DD DDD DD DDDDD DD DDDD DD D D DD DDDD DD D D DD DLLLL LL LL

07/20/1986 7/20/1987 7/20/1988 7/20/1989 7/20/1990 7/20/1991



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Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: Stage IBFigure G8



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f eruption pauses



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LLD

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B Eastern south flank (0-15 km)

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48

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Appendix figure G9 9/13/1986 Namakani Paio sequence: data from 9/13-14/1986

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19.15

19.25

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19.45

19.55

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in d

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19.05

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Appendix figure G10 7/11-12/1988 Namakani Paio sequence: data from 7/11-12/1988

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Appendix figure G11 9/17/1988 intrusion: data from 9/12-21/1988

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2 Very-Long-Period earthquake location 1.095 km depth2 Very-Long-Period earthquake location 6.7 km depth

Namakani Paio precursor 11/11-14/1990

Intrusion 12/4/1990: data from 11/11-12/6/1990Appendix figure G13

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Appendix figure G15 Intrusion 8/21/1991: data from 8/17-25/1991

02/1/2004

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11/8/1991 11/8/1992 11/8/1993 11/8/1994 11/8/1995 11/8/1996

Tilt

mag

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Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption:Stage IIAFigure G16


= Significant eq M � 5.0Z "Silent"eq (spreading steps)

f eruption pauses g surges ("dieflation-inflation-deflation events)


LL


LLD

370

380

390

400

410

420

Episodes







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505149 52 53

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Eruption 11/8/1991 04:45-11/26/1991Pre-eruptionSyn-eruption

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

F Pu'u 'O'o vent

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

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orth

Appendix figure G17 Episode 49 Return to Pu'u 'O'o: data from 11/5-13/1991


19.05

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19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

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Intrusion 13 events eqs beg: 1/28/1992 07:18 eqs end: 1/29/1992 03:15Pre-intrusionSyn-intrusionPost-intrusion

Depth ranges

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Appendix figure G18 1/28-29/1992 intrusion: data from 1/25-31/1992


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Depth ranges

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long-period

F Vent

Intrusion 2/11/1992 00:30-2/13/1992 13:22Eruption 2/17/1992-3/3/1992Pre-intrusionSyn-intrusionPost-intrusion/pre-eruptionsyn-eruption

Namakani Paio precursor 2/4/1992

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Appendix figure G19 Episode 50: data from 2/9-19/1992

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

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Depth ranges

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Intrusion--east rift eqs beg: 3/31992 0045 eqs end: 3/41992 2220

Pre-intrusionSyn-intrusionPost-intrusion

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

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19.25

19.35

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Depth ranges

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19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

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in d

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Appendix figure G21 9/11-12/1993 suspected deep intrusion?: Data from 9/9-14/1993


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19.25

19.35

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Depth ranges

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long-period

3 Mainshock 00:01 2/1/1994foreshocks? 1/26-1/31/1994Aftershocks2/1/19942/2/19942/3-4/1994

Appendix figure G22 2/1/1994 M 5.2 deep magma supply earthquake: data from 1/26-2/4/1994

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

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in d

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Appendix figure G23 a 10/25-26/1994 suspected deep intrusion: Data from10/23-27/1994

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Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period


2/1-21996 intrusion and "surge (D-I-D)": short-period data from 1/27-2/11/1996Appendix figure G23 b

B

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

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Latit

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154.7 155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7Longitude, in Degrees West

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Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period


2/1/1996 "surge (D-I-D)": Long-period data from 1/27-2/11/1996Appendix figure G23 c

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19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

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Intrusion ms 1 eqs beg: 10/25/1996 21:41 ms1 eqs end:10/26/1996 12:46

Depth ranges

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long-period


Appendix figure G24 10/25-26/1996 Upper east rift intrusion: data from 10/23-30/1996


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

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Tilt

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D D DD D D D D D D D DDDDDD DD DLL LL LL

0

1/1/1997 1/1/1998 1/1/1999 1/1/2000 1/1/2001 1/1/2002 1/1/2003



sf4swrsf3kuersf2mer


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1/1/1997 1/1/1998 1/1/1999 1/1/2000 1/1/2001 1/1/2002 1/1/2003

Tilt

mag

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Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption:Stage IIBFigure G25

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Appendix figure G28 Namakani earthquake swarm: data from 1/26-28/1998

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sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

D

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

EEEE

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E

E

G

GG

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

pre-earthquake swarm: 9/18/98 17:30 to 9/19/98 6:08syn-earthquake swarm 9/19/98 8:09 to 9/20/98 03:12

9/19/1998 silent earthquake: data from 9/18-20/1998Appendix figure G29

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

154.7

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

D

1J JJ

J

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E

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E

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EE

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3

3

3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

Glenwood mainshock: 9/27 21:56South flank mainshock 9/28 20:39syn glenwoodpre-south flanksyn south flankpost-south flank

Appendix figure G30 Glenwood (M 4.6) and south flank (M 4.8) earthquakes data from 9/27-30/1998

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2merD

F

J

J

J

J

E

E

EEE

E

E

E

E

E

E

EEE

E

E

EE

E

G

GG

GG

G

G G

GG

G

G

G

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G

G

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

Hilea mainshock 4/16/1999 14:56 triggered eqs beg: 4/16/1999 15:48 triggered eqs end: 4/17/1999 05:23Pre-mainshocksyn-triggered eqsPost-triggered eqs

er5sw

r

Mainshock M5.6

4/16/1999 Hilea earthquake triggered seismicity: data from 4/16-23/1999Appendix figure G31

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

DF

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EE

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3

3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

Mainshock 5/26/1999 06:01 aftershock eqs beg: 5/26/1999 06:04 aftershock eqs end: 5/27/1999 01:27

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

PreaftershockPost

mainshock M 4.3

Appendix figure G32 Namakani Paio mainshock-aftershock sequence: data from 5/25-30/1999

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Pacific Ocean

Koae

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19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

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19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr


Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

9/12/1999 intrusion: data from 9/10-16/1999Appendix figure G33


154.7

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Pacific Ocean

Koae

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er1ler

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sf1ler

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19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

Intrusion--east rift eqs beg: 2/23/2000 1341 eqs end: 2/24/2000 1945


Note: high number of deep (> 20 km) magmasupply earthquakes preceding this intrusion

2/23-24/2000 intrusion: short-period data from 2/17-29/2000Appendix figure G34 a

A


Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

Pacific Ocean

Koae

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sf1ler

sf4swr

ei2mer

ei5sw

r


ms4-5

ei5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

ei3uer

ei4sswr

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

Intrusion--east rift eqs beg: 2/23/2000 1341 eqs end: 2/24/2000 1945Pre-intrusionSyn-intrusionPost-intrusion

D5

5

55 5

5

5

5

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19.05

19.15

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19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

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in d

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orth


2/23-24/2000 intrusion: long-period data from 2/17-29/2000Appendix figure G34 b

B


Pacific Ocean

Koae

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19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

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19.05

19.15

19.25

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19.45

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155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

ei5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

ei3uer

ei4sswr

"surge" 9/24/2000 21:00-21:34

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

Pre-surgesyn-surgePost-surge

Appendix figure G35 9/24/2000 "surge (D-I-D)": data from9/20-28/2000

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

154.7

Pacific Ocean

Koae

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sf2mer

sf1ler

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19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

ei5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

ei3uer

ei4sswr

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

Pre-earquake swarmsyn-earhquake swarmPost-earthquake swarm

ei5sw

r

Mainshock

South flank earthquake swarm22:24 11/8/200010:53 11/9/2000

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

Appendix figure G36 11/9/2000 silent earthquake: data from 11/8-18/2000


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

154.7

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

ei1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

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ei2mer

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19.15

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19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

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es N

orth



ms4-5

ei5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

ei3uer

ei4sswr

"surge" 5/20/2001 16:40-17:20

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period


Appendix figure G37 5/20/2001"surge (D-I-D)": data from 5/16-24/2001

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

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es N

orth

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

154.719.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

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es N

orth

Pacific Ocean

Koae

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19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

ei5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

ei3uer

ei4sswr

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

suspected deep intrusioneqs beg: 6/232001 21:57eqs end 6/24/2001 06:10Pre-earthquake swarmSyn-earthquake swarmPost-earthquake swarm

Appendix figure G38 6/23-24/2001 suspected deep intrusion: data from 6/22-30/2001


Pacific Ocean

Koae

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sf1ler

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19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

ei5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

ei3uer

ei4sswr

Silent earthquake: 9/19/2001 11:40

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

Pre event: 9/17-18During event: 9/19Post event: 9/20-22

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

Appendix figure G39 9/19/2001 Silent earthqiake: data from 9/17-22/2001


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Pacific Ocean

Koae

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sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

ei2mer

ei5sw

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19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

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orth



ms4-5

ei5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

ei3uer

ei4sswr

"surge" 12/9/2001 08:54-09:50intrusion 12/9/2001 20:54-12/10/20011 1:03

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period


Appendix figure G40 12/9/2001 "surge (D-I-D)": data from 12/8-15/2001


12/19/2001 East rift intrusion: data from 12/17-23/2001Appendix figure G41

Pacific Ocean

Koae

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ei2mer

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19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

ei5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

ei3uer

ei4sswr

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

Intrusionei3 eqs beg: 12/19/2001 08:49ei3 eqs end: 12/19/2001 11:24Pre-intrusionSyn-intrusionPost-intrusion

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

154.7 19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

2/12/2002 suspected deep intrusion: data from 2/10-16/2002Appendix figure G42

Pacific Ocean

Koae

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sf1ler

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19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

ei5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

ei3uer

ei4sswr

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

suspected deep intrusionsouth flank eqs beg: 2/12/2002 06:47south flank eqs end:2/12/2002 20:41Pre-earthquake swarmsyn-earthquake swarmPost-earthquake swarm

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

ei1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

ei2mer

ei5sw

r


ms4-5

ei5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

ei3uer

ei4sswr

"surge" 4/5/2002 16:00-17:00

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period


D

J

J

JJJ

J

JJJJ

J

EE

E

E

E

E

E

E

G

G

3

3

55

11

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

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es N

orth


4/5/2002 "surge (D-I-D)": data from 4/2-8/2002Appendix figure G43


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

Pacific Ocean

Koae

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19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

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in d

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orth



ms4-5

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Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

suspected deep intrusion eqs beg: 8/21/2002 15:55 eqs end: 8/21/2002 20:00suspected deep intrusion eqs beg: 8/28/2002 12:02 eqs end: 8/29/2002 03:21

Pre-intrusionssuspected deep intrusion 1between intrusionssuspected deep intrusion 2post-intrusions

8/21-22, 28-29/2002 suspected deep intrusions data from 8/20-31/2002Appendix figure G44



19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

Pacific Ocean

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19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

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Latit

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in d

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Silent earthquake: 12/17/2002 11:47south flank earthquake swarm: 12/15 18:54-12/16 15:19/2002

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

pre-earthquake swarmsyn-earthquake swarmpost-earthquake swarm

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

12/17/2002 Silent earthqiake: data from 12/11-18/2002Appendix figure G45


Pacific Ocean

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19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

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orth



ms4-5

ei5s

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ms1-3ms1-3

ei3uer

ei4sswr

"surge"1/21/2003 16:10-16:40

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption 1/21/2003 "surge (D-I-D)": data from1/8-28/2003Appendix figure G46

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

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in d

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orth


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Pacific Ocean

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sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

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19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

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in d

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ms1 eqs beg: 4/6/2003 21:27ms1 eqs end: 4/7/2007 3:23Pre-eqsSyn-eqsPost-eqs

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

Namakani Paio sequence: data from 3/31-4/14/2003Appendix figure G47

Pacific Ocean

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19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

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ei5s

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ms1-3

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sf2 eqs beg: 7/1/2003 16:56sf2 eqs end: 7/2/2003 00:00Pre-eqsSyn-eqsPost-eqs

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

7/3/2003 silent earthquake: data from 6/28-7/5/2003Appendix figure G48


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55


Pacific Ocean

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19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

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in d

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ms4-5

ei5s

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ms1-3ms1-3

ei3uer

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"surge" 8/8/2003 19:25-23:40

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period


Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption 8/8/2003 "surge (D-I-D)": data from8/6-10/2003Appendix figure G49

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

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in d

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2/1/2006

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G GGGGGG GG G G GGGGG GGGGG G GG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG G GGGG G G GG GGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG G GGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGG GG GG GGGG G GGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGG GLL LL LL LLLLLLLLCCC C CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC C CC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCC C C C CCCLLLL LL LLLL LL LLLLLLLLLLLL LL LL LLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLL LLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LL LLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LL LL LLLLLLLLLLLLA AA AAAA A AAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAA A AAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAA AA A A AA A AAALL LLLL LL LL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LL2 2 2222 2 22 2 2222 22 2 2 2222 22 2 222 222222 2 2 2 222 2 2

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Puÿu ÿÖÿo-Kupaianaha eruption: Stage IIIFigure G50

Stage IIIA Stage IIIB

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= Significant eq M � 5.0 Z "Silent"eq (spreading steps) g surges ("dieflation-inflation-deflation events)f eruption pauses


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Episodes5756 (Father's Day) 5855







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19.05

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19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

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19.35

19.45

19.55

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suspected deep intrusionsf3kuer eqs beg: 12/22/2003 11:16sf3kuer eqs end: 12/22/2003 16:09Pre-earthquake swarmSyn-earthquake swarmPost-earthquake swarm

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

12/22/2003 suspected deep intrusion?: data from 12/18-26/2003Appendix figure G51


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19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

ei5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

ei3uer

ei4sswr

Intrusion eqs beg: 3/4/2004 0339 eqs end: 3/4/2004 0708surge begin 3/4/2004 03:00surge end 3/4/2004 04:00Pre-intrusion/surgeSyn-intrusion/surgePost-surge/syn intrusionPost-intrusion/surge

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

154.7 19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

ei1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

ei2mer

ei5sw

r

D

JJJJ

JJJJJJ

J

JJJJJJJ

JJJJ

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E EEEE

E

E

E

E

EEEE

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

3

3

33

3

11

11

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

ei5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

ei3uer

ei4sswr

"surge" 3/20/2004 13:50-15:44

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period


3/20/2004 "surge (D-I-D)": data from3/18-26/2004Appendix figure G53

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

ei1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

ei2mer

ei5sw

r

D

J

J

JJJJJJJJJ

J

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J

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J

J

JJ

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E

E

EE

EEE

E

E

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EE

E

E

E

EE

EE

E

G

33

3

3

33

33

11 11

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

ei5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

ei3uer

ei4sswr

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

Intrusion eqs beg: 5/12/2004 0805 eqs end: 5/13/2004 0128surge 5/15/2004 16:00-17:10

Pre-allsyn-surgePost-intrusion/pre-surgesyn-intrusionPost-all

Appendix figure G54 5/12-13/2004 intrusion/"surge": data from 5/8-18/2004


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

D

JJJ

JJJJJ

J

J JJ

J

JJ

J

J

J J

J

E

EE E

E

EE

E

E

G

3

3

3

33

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

eqs beg: 6/4/2004 00:06 eqs end: 6/4/2004 17:18

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period



19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth


Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

DJ

JJ

JJJJ

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J

J

J

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J

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J

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JJ

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JJ

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EEE

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EE

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E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

EE

EEEEE

G

3

33

3

3

3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

Intrusion eqs beg: 7/9/2004 03:13 eqs end: 7/9/2004 18:24eqs beg: 7/10/2004 04:00 eqs end: 7/10/2004 15:12

Pre-intrusionSyn-intrusion 1between intrusionsSyn-intrusion 2Post-intrusion


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

ei1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

ei2mer

ei5sw

r

DJ

J

JJJJJ

JJ

J JJ

J

JJJ

JJ

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J

J J

J

J

J

J

JJ

JJ

J

J

E E

E

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E

E

E

E

E

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3

33

3

3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

ei5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

ei3uer

ei4sswr

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

Pre-allsyn-intrusion/surgesyn-intrusion/post-surgesyn-intrusionPost-all

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

Appendix figure G57 7/27/2004 intrusion/surge: data from 7/25-8/2/2004


Intrusion eqs beg: 7/27/2004 0417 eqs end: 7/27/2004 1727surge 7/27/2004 08:00-09:00

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

154.7

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

154.7

Pacific Ocean

Koae

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sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

ei2mer

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r

D

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E

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G

G

G

3

33

3

3

333

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

ei5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

ei3uer

ei4sswr

ms 1 eqs beg: 11/2/2004 13:02 ms 1 eqs end: 11/2/2004 16:56


Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

Appendix figure G58 11/2/2004 nåmakanipaio data from 10/29-11/9/2004



Pacific Ocean

Koae

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sf2mer

sf1ler

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3

3

3

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3 3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

ei5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

ei3uer

ei4sswr

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

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sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

ei2mer

ei5sw

r

D

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J

J

J

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J

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G

G

GGG

G

3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

ei5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

ei3uer

ei4sswr

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

Intrusion eqs beg: 1/24/2005 22:42 eqs end: 1/25/2005 04:00Silent earthquake eqs beg: 1/25/2005 17:54 eqs end: 1/27/2005 0237Namakani Paio eqs beg: 1/27/2005 10:23 eqs end: 1/29/2005 16:35

Pre-silent earthquakeSyn-silent earthquakePost-silent earthuake

1/26/2005 silent earthquake: data from 1/24-1/29/2005Appendix figure G60


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55


Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

D

J

JJ

JJ

J

J

J

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E

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E

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33

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period


Appendix figure G61 12/29-30/2005 intrusion: data from 12/25/2005-1/2/2006

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

Longitude, in Degrees West154.7

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

Pacific Ocean

Koae

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er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

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er2mer

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G

33

3

3

3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

Intrusion eqs beg: 1/15/2006 05:39 eqs end: 1/16/2006 01:50

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period




19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

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sf1ler

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3

3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

Namakani Paio sequence eqs beg: 1/22/2006 23:07 eqs end: 1/23/2006 11:40

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period


Appendix figure G63 1/22-23/2006 Namakani Paio: data from 1/20-23/2006

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55


Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

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19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

Intrusion eqs beg: 1/25/2006 06:23 eqs end: 1/26/2006 22:36

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period


1/25-26/2006 intrusion: data from 1/24-28/2006Appendix figure G64 a

A

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

154.7


Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

D

J

J

J

J

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19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

Intrusion 111:31:00 AM 1/29/200611:22:00 AM 1/30/2006Intrusion 209:24:00 PM 1/30/200606:31:00 PM 1/31/2006

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

Pre-intrusionSyn-intrusion 1Syn-intrusion 2

1/29-30/2006 intrusion: data from 1/29-31/2006Appendix figure G64 b

B

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Pacific Ocean

Koae

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G

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3

3

3

3

3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

Intrusion--succession of 90 and 71 rift events eqs beg: 2/1/2006 0447 eqs end: 2/8/2006 2250Pre-intrusionSyn-intrusionPost-intrusion

2/1-8/2006 intrusion: data from 2/1-9/2006Appendix figure 64 c

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

C


154.7

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

154.7

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

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sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

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G

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3

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3

3

3

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33

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period


2/9-18/2006 intrusion: data from 2/9/2006-2/20/2006Appendix fFigure G64 d

D

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

154.7

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

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J

J

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J

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EE

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EE

EE

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

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3

3

3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

Intrusion 1 Namakani Paioms2 2/22/2006 16:41-2/23/2006 09:47Intrusion 2 Paired East rift/seismic suthwest rifter4 2/23/2006 07:30-2/24/2006 17:29er3 2/23/2006 21:08-2/24/2006 08:25

Pre-rift intrusionsSyn-rift intrusionsPost-rift intrusions

Note: Namakani Paio seismicity mostlyprecedes a paired inflationary intrusionbeneath the seismic southwest rift zone

and the upper east rift zone; riftseismicity (non-swarm) begins coincident

with the Namakani Paio swarm

2/22-24/2006 intrusions: data from 2/21-25/2006Appendix figure G65


Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

D

J

J

J

JJ

J

J

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J

J

J JJJJJJ

JJJJJJJJ

JJ JJ JJ

J

J J

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JJJJJ

J

J

E

EE

E

E

E

E E

EE

E

E E

E

EE

E

G

3

3

3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3

ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

east rift intrusion eqs beg: 2/27/2006 2242 eqs end: 3/1/2006 1703Pre-intrusionsyn-intrusionPost-intrusion

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

154.7

2/27-3/1/2006 intrusion: data from 2/26-3/2/2006Appendix figure G66


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

D

JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

J

JJ

JJJ

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J

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3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

Intrusion ms1.2 eqs beg: 3/1/2006 01:55 ms1.2 eqs end: 3/4/2006 20:25

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period


Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

Namakani Paio sequence 3/1-4/2006 intrusion: data from 3/1-5/2006Appendix figure G67


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

D

J

J

JJJJJJJJJJJJ

J

JJJJJJ

J

J

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E

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E

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

Namakani Paio ms 2 eqs beg: 3/6/2006 05:53 ms 2 eqs end:3/6/2006 21:21Intrusion er4 eqs beg: 3/6-2006 20:25 er4 eqs end 3/7/2006 03:49

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

Pre-intrusionsyn-intrusionPost-intrusionNamakani Paio

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

154.719.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

D

JJJ

JJJJ

J

JJ

JJ

JJJJ

JJJ

J

JJ

J

JJ

J

E

EE

EEE

E

E

E

EE

EEE

G

3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

Namakani Paioeqs beg: 3/11/2006 02:00eqs end: 3/11/2006 13:55Pre-earthquake swarmSyn-earthquake swarmPost-earthquake swarm

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

3/11/2006 summit Namakani Paio seismicity: data from 3/10-12/2006Appendix figure G69


Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

D

J

J

J

JJ

J

J

JJ

JJ

J

J

J

JJJ

E

E

E

EEE

E

E

E

EEE

EEEEE

E

E

EE

EEE

EE

E

G

3

3

3

33

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

suspected deep intrusionsf3kuer eqs beg: 3/16/2006 02:02sf3kuer eqs end: 3/16/2006 22:51Pre-intrusionSyn-intrusionPost-intrusion

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

154.7

3/16/2006 suspected deep intrusion?: data from 3/15-17/2006Appendix figure G70

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth


154.7

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

154.7

3/22-23/2006 intrusion: data from 3/19-29/2006Appendix figure G71

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

D

J

JJ

JJJ

JJ

JJ

J JJJJJJJJJJJJJ

J

J

J

JJ

JJ

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J

J

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J

JJJ

J

J

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J

JJ

J

E

E

E

E

E

E

EEE

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E E

E

E

E

E

E

EE

E

E

E

E

EE

EE

E

E

E

3

3

3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

Intrusion 15 events eqs beg: 3/22/2006 1237 eqs end: 3/23/2006 0228Pre-intrusionSyn-intrusionPost-intrusion

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period



Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

D

J

J

J

J

J

JJJJ

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JJJJJJJJJJJJ

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E

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GGG

33 333

3

3

3

3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr


Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

154.7

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

DJ

JJJ

J

J

JJJ

J

JJJ

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J

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E

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E

E

E

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EG

3

3

3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr


Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

154.7 Longitude, in Degrees West

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55


Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

D

J

JJ

J

J

JJ

JJJJJ

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E

E

E

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G

3

3

3

3

3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

Intrusion 13 events eqs beg: 8/3/2006 08:07 eqs end: 8/4/2006 02:30Pre-intrusionSyn-intrusionPost-intrusion

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period


Appendix figure G75 4/3-5/2007 suspected deep intrusion data from 4/1-10/2007

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

D

JJJJ

J

JJ

J

J

JJJJJ

J

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J

J

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JJ

J

JJ

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EE E

EEEE

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

EE

E

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G

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

Intrusionsouth flank eqs beg: 4/3/2007 13:40south flank eqs end: 4/5/2007 07:20

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

154.7


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

154.7

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

D

J

JJ

J

J

JJJJJ

E

E EE

E

EE

EE

3

3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

4/154/164/17-18

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

Note: sparse seismic accompniment for this event--slight south flamk offset on 4/16/2007


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

154.7

Appendix figure G77 5/24-27/2007 intrusions: data from 5/22-29/2007

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

D

JJJ

J

J

JJJJ

J

J

J

JJJJJJ

JJ

J

JJJJJJ

J

J

J

JJ

J

JJJJ

J

JJJ

J

J

J

J

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J

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JJJJ

JJJ

J

J

JJ J

J JJ

JJ

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E

E

EE

EEEE

E

E

EE

E

E

E

E

3

3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

intrusion 1 eqs beg: 5/24/2007 07:40 eqs end: 5/25/2007 14:07intrusion 2 eqs beg: 5/25/2007 23:01 eqs end: 5/27/2007 11:25

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

Pre-intrusionsyn-intrusion 1syn-intrusion 2Post-intrusion

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth


Appendix figure G78 5/31-6/1/2007 intrusion: data from 5/30-6/2/2007

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

D

JJJ

J

J

J

JJJJ JJJ

JJJJJJJJ JJJJ J

J

J

J

E

E E

E

EE

E

E

G

3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

intrusion eqs beg: 5/31/2007 21:29 eqs end: 6/1/2007 04:08

Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth


19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

154.7

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

D

J

J

JJ

JJJJJJ JJJ

J

JJ JJJJ

JJ EE

E

E

E

EEE

E

E

E

EE

E

G

G

G

JJJ

J

JJJ

J

3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr

F vent

south flank earthquake swarm 1: 6/17/2007 02:54 to 6/17/2007 20:52south flank-earthquake swarm 2: 6/17/2007 20:52 to 6/18/2007 17:47post-earthquake swarms

Note: earthquake swarm coincident withsilent earthquake is preceded and followed

by east rift and near-east rift seismicity


Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period



Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

D

JJ

J

J


JJJJ

J

JJJ

J

E

E

E

E

EE

EE

333

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr


Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

154.7


Note: upper and middle east rift swarm seismicityobscured by continuing non-swarm seismicity

beneath the same locations

Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

D

FFF

J

J

J

J

J

J

JJ

JJ

JJ JJJJJ

J

JJ

J

JJJJ

J

JJJJ

JJJ

J

J

J

JJJ

JJJJJJJ

JJE

E

E

EEE

EE

EE

E

EE

E

EE

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

G

3

3

3

3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr


Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

F 7/21 vents




Pacific Ocean

Koae

sf3kuer

er1ler

sf2mer

sf1ler

sf4swr

er2mer

er5sw

r

D

FFF

J J

J

J J

JJ

JJJ

J

JJ

JJ

JJ

J JJ

J JJJ

J

J

JJ

J

JJJJ JJJJ

JJJJJJ

JJ

JJJJJ

JJ

JJJJJ

JJ

JJ

J

J

J

JJ JJ

J

J

J

J

JJJ

JE

E E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

EE

EE

E

E

EE

E

EE

E

E

E

E

E

EE

E

EE

E

EEE

E

G

G

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

19.05

19.15

19.25

19.35

19.45

19.55

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8 154.7

155.5 155.4 155.3 155.2 155.1 155.0 154.9 154.8

Latit

ude,

in d

egre

es N

orth



ms4-5

er5s

wr

ms1-3ms1-3

er3uer

er4sswr


Depth ranges

J 0-5 kmE 5-10 kmG 10-15 km3 > 20 km


long-period

F 7/21 vents

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Appendix G. Supplementary Material to Support Chapter 7 · 2014. 11. 12. · Appendix table G1....

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