Application ofInnovative

Technologies for Water Monitoring -

International Perspective

Haseen Khan, P.EngAmir Ali Khan, PhD

June 5, 2007

Presentation Layout• Egypt Looming Challenges• Two Projects

– NATO Science for Peace Project “Real Time Water Quality Monitoring Network”

– ESA TIGER Project“Remote Sensing to Measure Water Quality”

• Path Forward– Integration of RTWQ with Remote sensing– Expansion to Other Water Bodies

• Closing Thoughts

Egypt Looming Challenges• Rapid population and urbanization growth• Limited water resources• Degradation of water quality

Year 1965 (33 million)

Year 2005 (72 million)

Year 2025 (100 million)

Population Per capita water share

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

1950 1975 2000 2025

Scarcity Level

Cub

ic m

eter

/Cap

ita//Y

ear

Project 1

Real Time Water Quality Monitoring Network

NATO Science for Peace Project

NATOSSP

NPDMr. Haseen Khan

ENVC

PPDDr. Shaden Abdel-

Gawad

NATO Country Project Co-DirectorDr. Amir Ali Khan

ENVC

NATO Country Project Co-Director

Mr. Russell G. BoalsWSC

Partner Country Project Co-DirectorDr. Alaa El-Sadek

NWRC

Partner Country Project Co-DirectorDr. Tarek Mohamed Salaheldin Mostafa

Cairo University4 Young

Scientists NWRC

ENVC

Cairo University

NWRC

3 Young Scientists

Cairo University 3 Young Scientists

NWRC

WSC

Project TeamEnd User• Ministry of Water

Resources and Irrigation

NATO• Water Resources

Management Division

• Water Survey of Canada

MDC• National Water

Research Center• Cairo University

MWRI

Motivation

• There is a need to develop a capacity in Egypt to monitor the strategic water bodies on a real time basis against any natural and man-made threats; take immediate corrective and mitigation measures; and

• To report the suitability of the River Nile water for various uses such as drinking, irrigation, livestock, fishing and recreational.

Current Status of the Technology

• Four semi continuous drainage water quality monitoring sites (Not In situ)

• No central command centre and no RTWQ Reporting

• No exceedance based Water Quality Index

NL Nile Locations

DU Drainage Locations

IU Irrigation Locations

Lake Nasser

First Reach

Second Reach

Third Reach

Fourth Reach

Establish an Index Network

• NL – 03• NL – 34• NL – 39• NL – 42

Project Work

NL-34

NL- 39

NL-42

N L N ile L o c a t io n s

D U D ra in a g e L o c a t io n s

IU Ir r ig a tio n L o c a t io n s

L a k e N a sser

F irst R ea ch

S eco n d R ea ch

T h ird R ea ch

F o u rth R ea ch

Project Contribution

• Capacity to monitor strategic water bodies in an early warning mode

• Protect and report strategic water uses

• Integrated Water Resources Management Proposed RTWQ Sites

Project 2

Remote Sensing to Measure Water Quality

ESA TIGER Project

Project Team

• DRI• Primary end user • Point of contact to

other operational users (e.g. Ministry of Environment, MWRI, NWRC)

• Local provider of EO-based information

C-CORE• Project lead• Development and

implementation• TrainingWater Resources Management Division (WRMD), NL Department of Environment and Conservation• Expert consultant:

integrating EO and IWRM

• Training

EGYPT CANADA

Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) and Helsinki University of Technology (HUT)

Expert consultant: operational water quality monitoring using EO

FINLAND

MotivationManzalahBurullus

IdkuMaryut

Birkat Quarun

Toshka

Bitter Lakes

Bardawil

Cairo

• Lakes are vital component of Egypt’s water resources

• Pressure of diverse, multiple uses creates potential for conflict and degradation

• Need for accurate, reliable lake water quality information

Motivation - Lake Manzalah• Physical Characteristics

– Largest of Egypt’s coastal lagoons

• Total area ~1000 km2

• Free water surface ~500 km2

– ~1000 islands– Average depth ~1.3m– Several openings to

Mediterranean Sea– Inflow of agricultural drainage

water and wastewater– Population of 8 Million in area

surrounding Lake Manzalah

Current Status of Technology• Current monitoring

program– Monthly in-situ

measurements of water quality in drains and canals leading into Lake Manzalah

• Required information– Knowledge of spatial and

temporal variability of water quality in lake

– Information on surface cover status and change, incl. land reclamation and vegetation overgrowth

DrainsCanalsSampling stations

No routine measurements in lake

Project Work• Demonstrate

utility of EO for water quality monitoring and integrated water resources management (IWRM) in Egypt

Relative Products - CHLBand ratio:MERIS Band 9/Band 7May 2 - 27, 2006

Consistently high value may indicate persistently high chlorophyll-a concentration

Chl-Product, April 30

Field Sampling ProgramPlanned sampling locations (54)Actual sampling locations (43)Launch areas (4)

Project Contribution• Systematic measurement of water

quality over large areas

• Spatio-temporal variability of water quality

• Information on surface cover conditions and change

• Identification of critical areas (pristine/impaired) and trends

• Integration with in-situ data

Path Forward

Path Forward

• Integration of RTWQ monitoring with remote sensing

• Expansion of services to other water bodies

RTWQ Monitoring for RS Calibration• Integration of two space technologies

Expansion To Other Water BodiesManzalahBurullus

IdkuMaryut

Birkat Quarun

Bitter Lakes

Bardawil

Cairo

• Lakes

Expansion To Other Water Bodies

• River Nile and its two branches

N L N il e L o c a t io n s

D U D ra in a g e L o c a tio n s

IU I r r i g a ti o n L o c a tio n s

Expansion To Other Water Bodies

• Major Irrigation Canals• Major Drains

WR 03

WR 01

WN 10

WU 03

WU 02 WU 01

WU 06

WU 07 WU 56 WU 09

WU 08

WT 01

WN 11

WN 13 WE 05

WE 06

WE 07

WE 01

WE 02

WE 03 WE 04

WE 08 WE 10 WE 11

WE 19

WB 01

MZ 01 MT 01

MS 07

MS 01

MN 04 MN 03 MN 02 MN 01

MB 02

MB 01

M 111

MK 01

MM 01

M 701 M 801

M 109

M 101

M 103 M 104 M 116

MG 14

MG 12

MG 09

MG 10 MG 08

MG 07 MG 15

MG 05 MG 28

MG 02 MG 04 MG 25

MG 18

MG 01

MG 03

EF 01

ES 01 ES 02

ET 01

EM 01

EB 14

EB 38

EB 47

EB 04 EB 13

EB 05

EB 07

EB 06

EB 08 EB 10 EB 09

EB 15

EB 11

EH 14 EH 02

EH 18 EH 04

EH 05

EH 03

EH 15 EH 06 EH 07

EH 08

EH 09 EH 10

EH 16

EH 12 EH 11

EH 17

EH 20

EH 21

EH 23 EH 24

EI 21

WN01

WN03

WN10

ET 03

WI 03

WI 14

WI 15 WI 02

WI 12

WI 09

WI 08 WI 07

WI 06 WI 05

WI 16 WI 13

WI 04

WI 11

EI 01

EI 02

EI 03

EI 04

EI10

EI 11

EI15 EI 20

EI12

EI19

EI13

EI 06

EI 07

EI 08

EI 09

EI 18

EI 05

EI 14

MI 02

MI 03

MI 04

MI 05

MI 06

MI 07 MI 08

MI 09

MI 11 MI 12

MI 13

Irrigation Locations

Drainage Locations EI 10

EI 11

EI 20

Closing Thoughts

Closing Thoughts• Egypt will have access to the

“state of art” technology for water monitoring– Remote sensing– RTWQ Monitoring

• Environmental Security• Capacity Building• Integrated Water Resources

Management• Trans boundary governance

www.gov.nl.ca/env

THANK YOU