Application of Remote Sensing for Drinking Water Security Planning

Mulbagal Taluk, Kolar District.

Presented by

Dr. K. Ashoka Reddy

Scientist , KSRSAC

Karnataka State Remote Sensing Applications Centre

Dept. of IT & BT, GOK

Bangalore

INTRODUCTION

Mulbagal taluk is located between :

North Latitude130 011 3011 to 130 211 4511

East Longitude780151 1511 to 780 351 0011

Mulbagal Taluk at a Glance

SL No ITEM STATISTICS

1 GENERAL INFORMATION

I) Geographical Area 823 (Sq.Kms)

ii) Administrative Divisions Mulbagal

No of Panchayat/villages 30/343

iii) Population (as per 2011 census) 259008

iv) Average annual Rainfall 759mm

2

GEOMORPHOLOGY

Major physiographic units 2

Major Drainages 1

3 LAND USE

a) Forest Area 2122 (Hectares)

b) Net Area Sown 44922 (Hectares)

4 MAJOR SOIL TYPES 1.Sandy loam

2.Sandy clay loam

3.Clay

4.Rock outcrops

5 AREA UNDER PRINCIPAL CROPS (ha)

Ragi 12316

Paddy 2109

Maize 219

Oil seeds 7203

Pulses 4594

Vegetables 8894

Fruits 16298

Sericulture 2324

6 IRRIGATION BY DIFFERENT SOURCES (ha)

Dug wells -

Bore wells 6501 ha (14661 borewells)

Tanks 6713 ha (663 tanks)

Canals -

Other Sources -

Lift Irrigation -

Net Area Irrigated 13214 (29.42%)

No .of Ground Water structures

Domestic BW

Piped water supply

Mini water supply

Hand Pumps

476

148

278

50

7 NUMBER OF GROUND WATER

MONITORING WELLS OF DMG

Dug wells -

Piezometers 14

8 PREDOMINANT GEOLOGICAL

FORMATIONS

Peninsular Gneisses complex

(Granite, Gneisses and kolar

schist

9 HYDROGEOLOGY

Major water bearing formations Weathered and

fractured Granite,

Gneisses and Schist

Long term water level trend (2002-2011) in m per

year

See the Graph

10 GROUND WATER QUALITY

Presence of chemical constituents more than

permissible limits

Fluoride, Nitrate and

Total Hardness

Type of water Potable (56.32%)

11 DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES

(2009) IN ham

Annual replenishable ground water resource 4420 ham

Net annual ground water draft 8895 ham

Projected demand for Domestic and

Industrial use up to 2025

515 ham

Stage of ground water Development (%) 201% of resource

12 MAJOR GROUND WATER PROBLEMS AND

ISSUES

Declining Ground Water level

and failure of shallow bore

wells need for augmenting

the Ground water Resource

by artificial recharge

structures for sustainable

development.

Increase in Fluoride and

Nitrate concentrations

causing health hazards.

Watershed Map

Land use/ Land cover

Soil

Geology

Weathered Zone

Fractured Zone

Lineaments Zone

57K/8

Rainfall Data

Season Normal Rainfall

(mm)

Pre Monsoon

(Jan to May)

146

South West Monsoon

(June to Sept)

371

North East Monsoon

(Oct to Dec)

242

Annual 759

831

1050

1302

695

605

878860

343

643

999

466

778

607

531

824836

786

439

707

619578

871

345

631

918

858

634649664

941

746

883

602

672

720

777

928

529

794820

746

512

863

1176

507

981

728

801

661

319

590

1061

574535

1017

549

676

600564

589

829

712

1087

559

842

640

464

937

676

722

821

676709

859878888

868

949

589

864

759

584

496

442

806

666

1076

521

808

1137

732

1208

624618

949

789

1172

824

910

1050

627

552

903

1453

738

807

993

766.0

821787

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

16001

90

11

90

31

90

51

90

71

90

91

91

11

91

31

91

51

91

71

91

91

92

11

92

31

92

51

92

71

92

91

93

11

93

31

93

51

93

71

93

91

94

11

94

31

94

51

94

71

94

91

95

11

95

41

95

61

95

81

96

01

96

21

96

41

96

61

96

81

97

01

97

21

97

41

97

61

97

81

98

01

98

21

98

41

98

61

98

81

99

01

99

21

99

41

99

61

99

82

00

02

00

22

00

42

00

62

00

82

01

0

Ra

infa

ll in

mm

YEARS

Annual Rainfall Pattern for Mulbagal Taluk, Kolar District

3.5 7 10.7

28.7

96

54.4

78.9

93.7

144 147.3

65.4

29.2

0

50

100

150

200

Jan

Feb

Ma

r

Ap

r

Ma

y

Ju

ne

Ju

ly

Au

gu

st

Se

pte

mb

er

Oc

tob

er

No

ve

mb

er

De

ce

mb

er

Rain

fall i

n m

m

Months

Monthly Normal Rainfall for Mulbagal Taluk

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Rain

fall

(m

m)

Years from 2001 to 2011

Annual Rainfall of Mulbagal Taluk

Domestic water requirement

1. Population as on 2011 = 2,56,745

2. Ground water requirement per annum @ 55 LPCD = 14,121 M3/day,

51,54,155 M3/year, 515 ham

3. Dynamic ground water resource of the taluk = 4420 ham

4. Drinking water requirement in respect of GW resource = 11.65%

5. Existing Ground water draft = 8895 ham

(201% of resource)

Use of Ground Water Prospects Maps in selection of Bore

well points

• Ground Truth

•Field Check

• Ground Geophysical survey

Ground water recharge structures

1. Direct Methods

• Percolation tanks

• Stream channel method (ditch & furrows)

• Check dam

• Gabion structure

2. Indirect Methods

• Recharge well

• Recharge trenches

• Individual well recharge

Probable Artificial Recharge Structures for Mulbagal Taluk

• Contour bunds

• Infiltration wells

• Check dams

• Recharge trenches

• Percolation tanks

• Desiltation of tanks

Note: These are the general classification if the area is found suitable for other

types of recharge structures, site specific structures may be identified after

studying the local hydro-geological and physiographic set up.

Ground Water Quality

Parameter No. of Habitations affected

Percentage (%) of Quality Affected Habitations

Fluoride 37 9.51 %

Iron 7 1.79 %

Total Hardness 14 3.59 %

Nitrate 112 28.79 %

Total affected

Habitations

170 43.68 %

Affected Villages of Mulbagal Taluk

Hebbani Gram Panchayath

Hebbani Gram Panchayath

No. of Revenue Villages 9

No. of Habitations 15

Geographical area in ha 2903

No. of Drinking water

borewells

23

Rainfed area in ha 1072

Irrigated area in ha 450

No. of Irrigation water

borewells

598

Total no. of Irrigation

borewells

Working during 2012-13

273

No. of Revenue Villages 9

No. of Habitations 15

Geographical area in ha 2903

No. of Drinking water

borewells

23

Rainfed area in ha 1072

Irrigated area in ha 450

No. of Irrigation water

borewells

598

Total no. of Irrigation

borewells

Working during 2012-13

273

Hebbani Gram Panchayat

Agriculture

Population-total 10034

a. Area under cultivation in (ha) 1521.56

Irrigated area in Kharif 450

Irrigated area in Rabi 245.34

Irrigated area in Summer 167.61

Un Irrigated area 1071.56

b. Irrigation type (ha)

Area Irrigated under canal 0

Tanks 372.21

Bore well/ tube well 450

c. Water lifting sources

Submersible pump 598

Number of working Bore wells 273

Number of defunct Bore wells 325

Piped water supply (SVS or MVS) 23

Sl.No. Name of the Habitation Drinking water needs

Liters per day

Human Livestock Total

1 Bangavadi 18315 4770 23085

2 H.Byappanahalli

Rajaramane

H.Kothur

51755 21870 73625

3 H.Kodihalli 39820 24780 64600

4 Hebbani 172480 31400 203880

5 M.Gollahalli

Nagireddihalli

Manighattamitta

81345 51100 132445

6 Punyahalli 60390 30190 90580

7 S.Ananthapura

Narayanapura

59400 27920 87320

8 Sunnappakunte 38335 19870 58205

9 Tammareddihalli 30030 8140 38170

Total 551870 220040 771910

Drinking water profile of GP

BW

No.

Name of the Habitation Borewell Depth in m Yield in LPM

1 Bangavadi 143 57

2 H.Byappanahalli 229 91

3 H.Kothur 213 57

4 Rajaramane 244 57

5 H.Kodihalli 183 57

6 Hebbani 206 98

7 213 114

8 206 57

9 198 98

10 201 114

11 81 57

12 M.Gollahalli 131 57

13 283 98

14 Manighattamitta 259 76

15 183 76

16 Punyahalli 198 57

17 183 38

18 297 57

19 S.Ananthapura 98 57

20 Narayanapura 177 38

21 Sunnappakunte 168 57

22 183 57

23 Tammareddihalli 253 76

Drinking water profile of GP

Sl.

No.

Name of the

Village

Name of the

Habitation

Total Ground

Water

Recharge in

cum per

annum

Total Ground

Water Draft in

cum per

annum

Rate of Ground

Water Utilization

in %

1 Bangawadi Bangawadi 63219 158906 251.36

2 H.Byappalli H.Byapalli 148420 370553 249.66

Rajaramane

H.Kothur

3 H.Kodihalli H.Kodihalli 136011 207741 152.74

4 Hebbani Hebbani 139261 262741 188.67

5 M.Gollahalli M.Gollahalli 177579 683613 384.96

Manigatta mitta

Nagireddihalli

6 Punyahalli Punyahalli 170380 171302 100.54

7 S. Anantapura S. Anantapura 83077 165965 199.77

Narayanapura

8 Sunapakunte Sunapakunte 156417 264245 168.94

9 Thammareddih

alli

Thammareddihlli 164430 484972 294.94

Majira Kothuru

Tota

l

9 Villages 15 Habitations 12,38,795 27,70,038 223.61

GROUNDWATER BALANCE

Hebbani Gram Panchayat Details - Population and their water requirement

SL. No.Name of the

Village

Name of the

HabitationPopulation

Water

requirement at

55 LPCD

1 Bangawadi Bangawadi 333 18315

2 H.ByappalliH.Byapalli

941 51755H.Kothur

3 H.Kodihalli H.Kodihalli 724 39820

4 Hebbani Hebbani 3136 172480

5 M.Gollahalli

M.Gollahalli 807 44385

Manigatta mitta672 36960

Nagireddihalli

6 Punyahalli Punyahalli 1098 60390

7 S.AnantapuraS.Anantapura

1080 59400Narayanapura

8 Sunapakunte Sunapakunte 697 38335

9 ThammareddihalliThammareddihalli

546 30030Kotha Indlu

Total 10034 551870

Details of Ground Water Recharge

SL.

No.

Name of the

Village

Name of the

Habitation

Area in

Hectares

Rainfall

In m

Available

Rainfall in

cubic

meters

Recharge

due to

Rainfall

in Cubic

mtr.

Recharge

due to

Surface

water

Cubic mtr.

Recharge due

to Return

flow from

Irrigation in

Cubic mtr.

Total

Recharge

in Cubic

mtr.

1 Bangawadi Bangawadi 136 0.3542 481712 48171 0 15048 63219

2 H.Byappalli

H.Byapalli

322 0.3542 1140524 114052 0 34368 148420Rajaramane

H.Kothur

3 H.Kodihalli H.Kodihalli 332 0.3542 1175944 117594 0 18416 136011

4 Hebbani Hebbani 340 0.3542 1204280 120428 0 18833 139261

5 M.Gollahalli

M.Gollahalli

630 0.3542 1140524 114052 0 63527 177579Manigatta mitta

Nagireddihalli

6 Punyahalli Punyahalli 442 0.3542 1565564 156556 0 13824 170380

7 S.AnantapuraS.Anantapura

203 0.3542 719026 71903 0 11174

83077Narayanapura

8 Sunapakunte Sunapakunte 373 0.3542 1321166 132117 0 24300 156417

9Thammareddih

alli

Thammareddihalli152 0.3542 538384 53838 0 110592 164430

Majira Kothuru

Total 2930 9287124 928712 0 310082 1238795

Ground Water Draft

SL. No.Name of the

Village

Name of the

Habitation

No. of

Borewell

Total

Yield in

a day

Cubic

meter

Total yield

per year

Cubic

meter

Total

Domestic

water

requiremen

t cum/year

Grand total

GW draft

1 Bangawadi Bangawadi 14 602 150480 8426 158906

2 H.Byappalli

H.Byapalli

Rajaramane15 800 240000

26873 266873

H.Kothur 13 346 103680 103680

3 H.Kodihalli H.Kodihalli 27 594 184162 23579 207741

4 Hebbani Hebbani 30 628 188325 74416 262741

5 M.Gollahalli

M.Gollahalli 28 1411 412070 24267 436337

Manigatta mitta20 720 223200 24075 247275

Nagireddihalli

6 Punyahalli Punyahalli 20 461 138240 33062 171302

7 S.AnantapuraS.Anantapura

53 440134093 31872 165965Narayanapura

8 Sunapakunte Sunapakunte 30 810 243000 21245 264245

9 Thammareddihalli

Thammareddihall

i 23 1472 471040 13932 484972

Majira Kothuru

Total273 8283 24,88,291 2,81,747 27,70,038

Check Dam

Recommendation

1) Construction of Check dams ,Percolation tanks across

the nallas and streams in the water table depleting

areas and where water quality problem exists may be

taken on priority basis

2) A comprehensive program should be formulated to

harvest rain water

3) Prevent Soil Erosion

4) Constant monitoring of Ground Water Quality

5) Identify potential aquifers

6) Adopt Drip irrigation to Conserve Ground Water

Resources

THANK YOU