Application of Water Quality Index Computation on Hong River Water (Ha Noi City Section)

7/29/2019 Application of Water Quality Index Computation on Hong River Water (Ha Noi City Section)

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p dng phng php tnh ton ch s cht lng nc (WQI) cho sng Hng(on chy qua a bn thnh ph H Ni)

Lun vn Thc s Khoa hc Mi trng Nguyn Duy PhKhoa Mi trng HKHTN HQGHN

1

Application of Water Quality Index

computation on Hong river water

(Ha Noi city section)

Nguyen Duy Phu

Hanoi University of science, VNU

Faculty of Environmental Science

Major: Environmental science; Code: 60 85 02

Supervisors: Ass. Prof. Trinh Thi ThanhDate of Presenting Thesis: 2011

Abstract. Trnh by tng quan v sng Hng v ch s cht lng nc (WQI).nh gi cc yu t c kh nng nh hng n cht lng nc sng Hng (onchy qua a bn thnh ph H Ni) v nh gi hin trng nc sng Hng (onchy qua a bn thnh ph H Ni) vo ma l v ma cn nm 2010. Xy dngs hin trng mi trng nc theo ch s WQI v nh gi kh nng s dng

ngun nc sng Hng (on chy qua a bn TP. H Ni): Tnh ton ch s chtlng nc (WQI) theo Quyt nh s 879/Q-TCMT; Phng php nh gi chtlng nc theo ch tiu tng hp; xut phng php tnh ch s cht lngnc (WQI) cho sng Hng (on chy qua a bn thnh ph H Ni); Xy dngs hin trng cht lng nc sng Hng (on chy qua a bn thnh ph H

Ni)theo ch s WQI; nh gi kh nng s dng ngun nc sng Hng (onchy qua a bn thnh ph H Ni).

Keywords. Khoa hc mi trng; nhim mi trng; Ti nguyn nc; Ch scht lng; Sng Hng

Content

Ch s mi trng l cch s dng s liu tng hp hn so vi nh gi tngthng s hay s dng cc ch th. Rt nhiu cc quc gia trn th gii trin khaip dng cc m hnh ch s cht lng nc (WQI) vi nhiu mc ch khc nhau.T nhiu gi tr ca cc thng s khc nhau, bng cc cnh tnh ton ph hp, ta thuc mt ch s duy nht, gi tr ca ch s ny phn nh mt cch tng qut nhtv cht lng nc.
http://hus.vnu.edu.vn/?portal=main&obj=donvi&id=129http://hus.vnu.edu.vn/?portal=main&obj=donvi&id=129


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Nhm gp phn ngn chn cc nguy c khng hong v ngun nc cngnh tng bc khc phc, ci thin v bo v ngun nc mt trn a bn thnh

ph H Ni, cn thit phi tin hnh nghin cu xy dng cng c qun l thngnht v tng hp ti nguyn nc sng Hng. Ch s cht lng nc (WQI) v

phn vng cht lng nc l cng c gip nh gi mc nhim tng onsng phc v mc ch quy hoch s dng hp l ngun nc mt v xy dngnh hng kim sot nhim, bo v mi trng nc. T , xy dng cc bin

php kim sot nhim mi trng nc tt hn, y l mt vn rt cn thitv cp bch.Do , lun vn p dng phng php tnh ton ch s cht lngnc (WQI) cho sng Hng (on chy qua a bn thnh ph H Ni) , c tin hnh vi ni dung nghin cu nh sau:

1. nh gi cc yu t c kh nng nh hng n cht lng nc sngHng (onchy qua a bn thnh ph H Ni).

2. nh gi hin trng nc sng Hng (on chy qua a bn thnh ph HNi) vo ma lv ma cnnm 2010.

3. Xy dng s hin trng mi trng nc theoch s WQI v nh gikh nng s dng ngun nc sng Hng (on chy qua a bn TP. H Ni).

Tnh ton ch s cht lng nc (WQI)theo Quyt nh s 879/Q-TCMT;

Phng php nh gi cht lng nc theo ch tiu tng hp; xut phng php tnh ch s cht lng nc (WQI) cho sng

Hng (on chy qua a bn thnh ph H Ni); Xy dng s hin trngcht lng nc sng Hng (on chy

qua a bn thnh ph H Ni)theo ch s WQI; nh gi kh nng s dng ngun nc sng Hng (on chy quaa bn thnh ph H Ni).

CHNG 1- TNG QUAN TI LIU NGHIN CU1.1. C IM CA SNG HNG

on sng Hng chy qua H Ni di khong 150 km ko di t huyn BaV ti huyn Ph Xuyn, c mc nc dao ng rt ln theo ma. Vo ma l, c

bit t thng 7 n thng 9, mc nc sng dng cao, c th t 14 m. Vo macn, mc nc sng tng i thp, c th xung ch cn c 2 m v thng xut

hin vo thng 3, thng 4.1.2. TNG QUAN CHUNG V CH S CHT LNG NC (WQI) 1.2.1 Tng quan v ch s mi trng

Ch s mi trng: l mt tp hpcc tham s hay chth c tch hp haynhn vi trng s. Cc ch s mc tch hp cao hn, ngha l chng c tnhton t nhiu bin s hay d liu gii thch cho mt hin tng no .1.2.2. Tng quan vch s cht lng nc (WQI)

Gii thiu chung v WQICh s cht lng nc (Water Quality Index- WQI) l mt ch s t hp

c tnh ton t cc thng s cht lng nc xc nh thng qua mt cng thc


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ton hc. WQI dng m t nh lng v cht lng nc v c biu din quamt thang im.

Quy trnh xy dng WQIHu ht cc m hnh ch s cht lng nc hin nay u c xy dng

thng qua quy trnh 4 bc nh sau:Bc 1: la chn thng sCc thng s nn c la chn theo 5 ch th sau:Hm lng Oxy; Ph dng; Cc kha cnh sc khe; c tnh vt l; Cht

rn l lng.Bc 2: chuyn i cc thng s v cng mt thang o (tnh ton ch s

ph)Bc 3: trng sTrng s c a ra khi ta cho rng cc thng s c tm quan trng khc

nhau i vi cht lng nc.Bc 4: tnh ton ch s WQI cuicngCc phng php thng c s dng tnh ton WQI cui cng t cc

ch s ph: trung bnh cng, trung bnh nhn hoc gi tr ln nht1.2.3. Kinh nghim xy dng WQI ca mt s quc gia trn th gii

C rt nhiu quc gia a p dng WQI vo thc tin, cng nh c nhiucc nh khoa hc nghin cu v cc m hnh WQI.

Hoa K:WQI c xy dng cho mi bang, a s cc bang tip cn theophng php ca Qu V sinh Quc gia M (National Sanitation Foundation-NSF)sau y gi tt l WQI-NSF.

Canada: phng php do C quan Bo v mi trng Canada (TheCanadian Council of Ministers of the Environment- CCME, 2001) xy dng.

Chu u: cc quc gia chu u ch yu c xy dng pht trin t WQINSF (ca Hoa K), tuy nhin mi Quc gia a phng la chn cc thng sv phng php tnh ch s ph ring.

Cc quc gia Malaysia, n pht trin t WQI NSF, nhng mi qucgia c th xy dng nhiu loi WQI cho tng mc ch s dng.1.2.4. Tnh hnh nghin cu v kt qu t c v xy dng WQI Vit Nam

- M hnh WQI do PGS. TS. L Trnh p dng cho sng, knh rch cathnh ph H Ch Minh

- M hnh WQI do TS. Tn Tht Lng p dng tisng ng Nai

CHNG 2 - I TNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU2.1. I TNG NGHIN CU2.1.1. Cc thngs c la chn

- Thng s vt l: nhit , c, tng cht rn l lng (TSS)- Thng s ha hc: pH, DO, COD, BOD5, N-NH4, P-PO4- Thng s vi sinh: tng Coliform

2.1.2. V tr quan trcc a vo tnh tonBng 2.1.V tr quan trc a vo tnhton


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TTK

hiuV tr

Ta c im ni quan trc

Kinh V

1 NM1Thn C - X C - BaV

0536900 2353000 Nc trong, dng chy mnh

2 NM2 Hoc Chu - Chu Sn - Ba V 0540900 2354901 Nc trong, dng chy mnh

3 NM3 Ph Thnh - Sn Ty 0545900 2353001 Nc trong, dng chy mnh

4 NM4 Cm nh - Phc Th 0557500 2339202 Nc trong, dng chy mnh

5 NM5 Vn H - Phc Th 0565700 2340301 Nc trong, dng chy mnh

6 NM6Thn B Ni - H M - anPhng

0572001 2339304 Nc trong, dngchy mnh

7 NM7 Thng Ct - T Lim 0576451 2333736Gn im khai thc ct Lin Mc,nc trong, khng mi

8 NM8 P.T Lin - Q.Ty H 0587573 2331186 Gn khu trng chui v hoa mu.Nc trong, khng mi

9 NM9Cu Vnh Tuy - Qun HongMai

0591158 2322782Cu Vnh Tuy cng H Ni,nc trong, khng mi

10 NM10Thy Lnh - P. Lnh Nam - Q.Hong Mai

0594417 2320711Sau ca sng o Bc HngHi,cch bn 250m, dng chy nh

11 NM11 Duyn H - Thanh Tr 0591634 2314926H lu mng thot nc catrm bm Yn S. Cch trm bmYn S 700m, dng chy nh

12 NM12Ti Ph M S - Hng Vn -Thng Tn

0593908 2310320 Nc trong, dng chy nh

13 NM13 Thng Nht - Thng Tn 0595443 2301888 Nc trong, dng chy nh14 NM14 Hng Thi - Ph Xuyn 0600901 2296056 Nc trong, dng chy nh15 NM15 Quang Lng - Ph Xuyn 0603942 2285522 Nc trong, dng chy va phi

2.2. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU2.2.1. Thu thp, chn lc v phn tch cc ti liu c lin quan

- Thu thp, tng quan cc ti liu Quc t v Vit Nam v phng php tnhch s cht lng nc (WQI) trong nh gi cht lng nc mt.

- Cc n, quy hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi cc qun/huyn ven sngHng; quy hoch tng th pht trin kinh t - x hi thnh ph H Ni n nm

2020;- Cc tiu chun, quy chun k thut Quc gia v cht lng nc mt; tiuchun cpnc cho ti tiu thy li, nui trng thy sn.2.2.2. Phng php ly mu, phntch

Trong khun kh chng trnh: Gim st cht lng mi trng ca sngHng onchy qua a bn thnh ph H Ni. Do Trung tm Quan trc v Phntch Ti nguyn Mi trng S Ti nguyn v Mi trng H Nithchin, tcgilun vn tham gia kho st, ly mu ti 15 im dc t Ba V xung n PhXuyn vo 2 t (thng 3 vthng 8/2010), o c thm cc thng s c, nhit phc v cho vic tnh ton ch s cht lng nc (WQI).


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2.2.3. Cc phng php tnh ton ch s cht lng nc (WQI)Trong phm vi lun vn, tc gi la chn phng php tnh WQI theo

Quytnh s 879/Q-TCMT v phng php nh gi theo ch tiu tng hp, pdng thc t cho sng Hng (on chy qua a bn thnh ph H Ni), thy

c nhng u im v hn ch ca phng php. T , xut ci tin phngphp tnh WQI cho ph hp.

CHNG 3 - KT QU NGHIN CU V THO LUN3.1. NH GI CC YU T C BN NH HNG N CHT LNG

NC SNG HNGONCHY QUA A BN THNH PH H NI3.1.1. Nc thi sinh hot pht sinh t cc khu dn c

3.1.1.1. Hin trng pht sinh nc thi sinh hot t cc khu dn cTheo nghin cu ca JICA vo nm 1997 v nm 2000, lng nc cp

trung bnh cho mi ngi (giai on 2005 2010) ti khu vc th l 160lt/ngi/ngy v ti khu vc nng thn l 80 lt/ngi/ngy. Lng nc thi sinhhot pht sinh bng 80% lng nc cp.

Cn c s dn ca 78x/phngthuc 17 qun/huynven hai b sng Hngnm 2010, lu lng nc thi pht sinh hng ngy c tnh khong 73.436m

3/ngy.Ti lng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot ca cc khu dn c dc

sng Hng trn a bn thnh ph H Ni c c tnh nh trong bng 3.1Bng 3.1.c tnh ti lng mt s cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot ca cc

khu dn cven sng Hng

STT Cht nhim Ti lng(tn/ngy)1 BOD5 24,6

2 COD 43,3

3 Cht rn l lng 53,5

4 Du m 9,95 Tng nito 4,56 Amoni 1,8

7 Tng phospho 1,2

8 Tng Coliform 2,5.108Ngun: c tnh da theo s liu v ti lng nhim trung bnh trong

nc thi sinh hot do mt ngi thi ra trong mt ngy ca WHO (Geneva, 1993)3.1.1.2. D bo lu lng v ti lng nhim do nc thi sinh hot

Cnctc tng dn s khu vc th ca thnh ph giai on 2015-2020v tiu chun pht thi nc thi sinh hot c tnh theo tiu chun nc cp vikhi lng bng 80% lngnc cp. D bo giai on 2015-2020 lng nc cpcho sinh hoti vi khu vc thnh th 200 lt/ngi/ngy; khu vc nng thn 120lt/ngi/ngy.


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D bo lng nc thi sinh hot pht sinh ca cc khu dn c ven sng trna bn thnh ph n nm 2015 l 112.882 m3/ngy, nm 2020 l 141.444m

3/ngy.Ti lng cc cht nhim c trong nc thi ca cc khu dn c ven sng

trn a bn thnh ph d bo n nm 2015 v 2020 th hin qua bng 3.2Bng 3.2.D bo ti lng mt s cht nhim trong ncthi sinh hot ca cc

khu dn c ven sng Hng n nm 2020

STT Cht nhimTi lng (tn/ngy)

Nm 2015 Nm 20201 BOD5 28,3 33,9

2 COD 49,7 59,6

3 Cht rn l lng 61,5 73,64 Du m 11,4 13,75 Tng nito 5,1 6,26 Amoni 2,0 2,4

7 Tng phospho 1,4 1,6Ngun: c tnh da theo s liu v ti lng nhim trung bnh trong

nc thi sinh hot do mt ngi thi ra trong mt ngy ca WHO (Geneva, 1993).3.1.2. Nc thi t hot ng sn xut cng nghip

Theo JICA (1997) lng nc thi cng nghip c c tnh l 40m

3/ha/ngy, BOD5tng ng khong 16 kg/ha/ngy.Cn c vo thc trng hot ng ca cc KCN v CCN dc sng Hng trn

a bn thnh ph H Ni, tng din tch cc KCN, CCN c lp y n nm2010 l 377,2 ha, tng lngncthi pht sinh l 15.088 m3/ng., ti lng BOD5khong 6.035,2 kg/ng..3.1.3. Cc ngun gy nhim khc

Sng Hng (on chy qua khu vc ni thnh TP. H Ni) ang v s phitip nhn nc thi sinh hot v cng nghip t khu vc ni thnh thnh phc

bm ra t h Yn S.Sng Hng hinangl tuyn giao thng thy quan trng ca khu vc ng

bng sng Hng, ni lin cc tnh ven bin vi cc tnh Ty Bc. Hot ng luthng ca tu thuyn trn sng Hng c d bo s tng ln trong tng lai. iuny s lm gia tng nhim nc sng Hng do du m.

Nc thi t hot ng sn xut nng nghip ca cc x/phng ven sngHng trn a bn thnh ph H Ni.3.2. NH GICHTLNGNC SNG HNG ON CHY QUA ABN THNH PH H NI3.2.1. Cht lng nc sng Hng vo ma cn (thng 3/2010)

Nng oxy ha tanNc sng Hng on chy qua a bn thnh ph H Ni vo ma cn

(thng 3/2010) c hm lng DO dao ng trong khong 5,6 11,5 mg/l. Cc gitr ny u cao hn quy chun cho php ct B1 s dng cho mc ch ti tiuthy li.

nhim do cc cht hu c


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Vo ma cn (thng 3/2010) nc sng Hng chy qua a bn thnh ph HNi c du hiu b nhim nh bi cc cht hu c. Trong :

- Hm lng COD: dao ng trong khong t 17 - 35 mg/l, vt quy chuncho php t 1,1 1,2 ln.

- Hm lng BOD5ti tt c cc v tr quan trc dc sng Hng trn a bnthnh ph H Ni dao ng trong khong t 5 13 mg/l, thp hn quy chun cho

php i vi mc ch ti tiu thy li.Hm lng cht rn l lng

Vo ma cn (thng 3/2010) nc sng Hng tng i trong, lng ph sat thng ngun tng i t nn ti cc v tr quan trc hm lng cht rn l lng(TSS) dao ng trong khong 12 43,7 mg/l, nm trong quy chun cho php ctB1.

nhim do cht dinh dng- Hm lng NH4

+: dao ng trong khong 0,06 1,13 mg/l, vt quy chuncho php 2,26 ln ti v tr thn C C Ba V, vt 1,04 ln ti v trThy Lnh P. Lnh Nam Hong Mai. Cc v tr cn li u t quy chun cho

php.- Hm lng PO4

3-: dao ng trong khong t 0,05 0,72 mg/l, 8/14 v trvt quy chun cho php t 1,3 2,4 ln. Trong cao nht ti v tr phng TLin Ty H (0,72 mg/l).

nhim do vi sinh vtHm lng Coliform ti cc v tr quan trc dc sng Hng trn a bn

thnh ph H Ni dao ng trong khong 70 110.000 MPN/100ml. Trong , 4 v

tr t Thy Lnh Lnh Nam Hong Mai n v tr thuc x Thng Nht Thng Tn c hm lng Coliform vt quy chun t 1,24 14,7 ln, cao nht tiv tr thuc x Duyn H Thanh Tr (110.000 MPN/100 ml).3.2.2. Cht lng nc sng Hng vo ma l (thng 8/2010)

Nng oxy ha tanVo ma l(thng 8/2010), nng oxy ha tan trong nc sng Hng dao

ng trong khong 6,7 7,3 mg/l. Cc gi tr ny u cao hn gii hn ti thiu chophp theo QCVN 08:2008ct B1 dng cho mc ch titiu thy li.

nhim do cht hu cNhn chung hm lng BOD5, COD trn sng Hng (on chy qua a bn

thnh ph H Ni) mc tng i thp , BOD5 dao ng trong khong 3 13mg/l, COD dao ng 12 24 mg/l. Cc gi tr ny u thp hn mc gii hn ti acho php i vi mc ch cp cho ti tiu.

Hm lng cht rn l lngHm lng TSS ti 15v tr quan trc dc sng Hng trn a bn thnh ph

H Ni tng i cao, dao ng t 37 mg/l n 113 mg/l, vt quy chun cho phpt 1,06 n 2,26 ln. Ti v tr thn Hoc Chu Chu Sn Ba V (NM2) c hmlng TSS cao nht, vt 2,26 ln; ti v tr x Cm nh Phc Th (NM4) vtquy chun 2,16 ln.

nhim do cht dinh dng


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- Hm lng NH4+:

Nc sng Hng on chy qua a bn thnh ph H Ni vo thng 8/2010 c du hiu b nhim NH4

+, dao ng t 0,32 1,15 mg/l, vt quy chun chophp i vi ct B1 s dng cho ti tiu thy li t 1,08 2,3 ln

- Hm lng PO43-: dao ng t 0,04 0,35 mg/l, phn ln cc v tr dcsng Hng u nm trong quy chun cho php. Tr v tr ti x Cm nh PhcTh (NM4), Thng Ct T Lim (NM7) v ti v tr cu Vnh Tuy Hong Mai(NM9) c hm lng vt quy chun t 1,1 1,2 ln.

nhim do vi sinhHm lng Coliform tng s ti cc v tr dc sng Hng vo thng 8/2010

tng i thp, nm trong quy chun cho php i vi nc mt dng cho mc chti tiu thy li.3.2.3. So snh cht lng nc sng Hng gia ma l v ma cn nm 2010

Nng xy ha tanNng oxy ha tan trong nc sng Hng dc t Ba V xung n Ph

Xuyn vo ma cn (thng 3/2010) cao hn so vi ma l (thng 8/2010), tr v trti Thy Lnh Lnh NamHong Mai.

Hm lng cc cht hu cHm lng cc cht hu c (BOD5, COD) trong nc sng Hng trn a

bn thnh ph H Nivo ma cn (thng 3/2010)cao hn so vi ma l (thng8/2010), tr v tr ti Thng Ct T Lim (NM1).

Hm lng cc cht dinh dng- Hm lng NH4

+: vo ma l (thng 8/2010) dao ng trong khong 0,32

1,15 mg/l, cao hn so vi vo ma cn (thng 3/2010) (0,061,13 mg/l), tr v trti Duyn H Thanh Tr. Nh vy, c th thy c ngun nc thi do sinh hotca cc khu dn c hai bn b sng lm nh hng n cht lng nc sngHng.

- Hm lng PO43-

: vo thng 3/2010 (0,05 0,72 mg/l) c xu hng caohn so vi thng 8/ 2010 (0,04 0,35 mg/l).

Hm lng cht rn l lngTi tt c cc v tr quan trc dc sng Hng t Ba V xung n Ph Xuyn

c hm lng cht rn l lng (TSS) vo ma l (thng 8/2010) u cao hn so vima cn (thng 3/2010).

Hm lng ColiformHm lng Coliform vo ma cn (thng 3/2010) c xu hng cao hn sovi vo ma ma (thng 8/2010) t v tr Thy Lnh Lnh Nam Hong Mai(NM10) n v tr Thng NhtThng Tn (NM13).3.3. XY DNG S HIN TRNG MI TRNG NCTHEO CH SWQI V NH GI KH NNG S DNG NGUN NC SNG HNGTRN A BN THNH PH HNI3.3.1. Tnh ton ch s cht lng nc (WQI)3.3.1.1.Tnh theo Quyt nh s 879/ Q-TCMT

a- Tnh ton WQI thng s cht lng nc sng Hng


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Bng 3.3.Kt qu tnh ton WQI thng s cht lng nc sng Hng voma l (thng 8/2010)

K hiu muCh tiu

WQIpH DO BOD5 COD c TSS NH4

+PO4

3-Coliform

NM1 KQPT 7,9 6,8 7 17 30,75 41 0,97 0,25 480 72WQI ph 100 100 72,2 71,7 49,5 61,3 26,5 62,5 100

NM2KQPT 7,6 6,8 6 15 84,30 113 1,15 0,12 1.500

38WQI ph 100 100 75,0 75,0 13,6 1,0 24,1 95,0 100

NM3KQPT 7,7 6,9 5 14 63,62 87 1,07 0,17 930

61WQI ph 100 100 87,5 80,0 29,0 31,5 24,6 82,5 100

NM4KQPT 7,6 6,9 5 13 82,86 108 0,94 0,35 750

38WQI ph 100 100 87,5 85 14,7 1 28 43,8 100

NM5KQPT 7,5 6,7 4 18 47,52 68 0,64 0,13 930

69WQI ph 100 97,5 100 70 39,1 41 43 92,5 100

NM6KQPT 7,7 6,7 3 12 53,78 74 0,74 0,11 1.500

68

WQI ph 100 99,8 100 90 35,1 38 38 97,5 100

NM7KQPT 7,8 7,1 13 24 35,08 48 0,42 0,32 2.400

68WQI ph 100 100 55,6 60 46,8 52,5 56,7 47,5 100

NM8KQPT 7,7 7,2 7 17 67,20 84 0,54 0,24 2400

60WQI ph 100 100 72,2 71,7 26,8 33 48 65 100

NM9KQPT 7,7 7 6 17 39,84 53 0,64 0,33 2.800

67WQI ph 100 100 75 71,7 43,9 48,5 43 46,3 97

NM10KQPT 7,5 7,2 5 13 27,83 37 0,57 0,09 480

80WQI ph 100 100 87,5 85 55,4 66,3 46,5 100 100

NM11KQPT 7,6 7,3 5 12 62,92 91 0,32 0,12 2.400

64WQI ph 100 100 87,5 90 29,4 29,5 65 95 100

NM12 KQPT 7,6 7 7 19 51,48 68 0,9 0,15 4.600 60WQI ph 100 100 72,2 68,3 36,6 41 30 87,5 79

NM13KQPT 7,5 7,1 7 16 48,80 61 0,85 0,22 2.400

66WQI ph 100 100 72,2 73,3 38,3 44,5 32,5 70 100

NM14KQPT 7,8 7,2 7 15 40,52 54 0,71 0,04 1.500

71WQI ph 100 100 72,2 75 43,4 48 39,5 100 100

NM15KQPT 7,8 6,8 7 17 44,47 61 0,84 0,16 2.400

68WQI ph 100 100 72,2 71,7 41 44,5 33 85 100

b- Tnh ton WQIBng 3.4.Kt qu tnh ton ch s WQI v mc nh gi cht lng ncsng

Hng voma l (thng 8/2010)

STT K hiu mu WQI Mc nh gi CLN Mu

1 NM1 72S dng cho mc ch ti tiu v ccmc ch tng ng khc

Vng

2 NM2 38S dng cho giao thng thy v ccmc ch tng ng khc

Da cam

3 NM3 61S dng cho mc ch ti tiu v ccmc ch tng ng khc

Vng

4 NM4 38S dng cho giao thng thy v ccmc ch tng ng khc

Da cam

5 NM5 69 S dng cho mc ch ti tiu v cc Vng


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STT K hiu mu WQI Mc nh gi CLN Mu

6 NM6 68 mc ch tng ng khc

7 NM7 68

8 NM8 60

9 NM9 67

10 NM10 80S dng cho mc ch cp nc sinhhot nhng cn cc bin php x l

ph hpXanh l cy

11 NM11 64

S dng cho mc ch ti tiu v ccmc ch tng ng khc Vng

12 NM12 60

13 NM13 66

14 NM14 71

15 NM15 68

3.3.1.2. Phng php nh gi cht lng mi trng nc sng Hng da trnch tiu tng hp

Cc bc tnh Ptb:Bc 1: La chn cc ch tiu Ci c trng cho mi trng nc sng Hng:

pH, DO, BOD5, COD, c, TSS, NH4+, PO4

3-, Coliform.

Bc 2: Tnh t s Ci/CioTrong :- Ci: nng ca cc ch tiu theo kt qu quan trc

- Cio: nng tng ng ca cc ch tiu theo QCVN 08: 2008/BTNMT Quy chun k thut Quc gia v cht lng nc mt. Ring c khng c trongquy chun nn c th p dng theo nghin cu ca Pesce & Wunderlin (2000): A1 -5 NTU; A2 - 20 NTU; B1 - 30 NTU; B2 - 70 NTU [26].

Bc 3: Tnh ch s PtbCh s Ptb l gi tr trung bnh ca cc t s Ci/Cio ca tng ch tiu tnh

trn. Ptb c tnh theo cng thc:

Da vo gi tr Ptb ti tt c cc v tr quan trc (15v tri din), c thnh gi c cht lngmi trng nc sng Hng dc t Ba V xung n PhXuyn phc v cho cc mc ch s dng khc nhau. Cc chsPtb ng vi cc vtr quan trc i din c biu din di dng biu hnh ct vi mc so snh l1:

+ Vi Ptb 1 - khng b nhim+ Vi Ptb > 1 - nhim.Kt qu tnh ton Ptb cho tng mc ch s dng tng ng vi cc mc gi

tr gii hn trong QCVN 08: 2008/ BTNMT, th hin qua bng 3.5


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Bng 3.5.Kt qu tnh Ptb ti cc v tr quan trc cht lng nc sngHng vo ma l (thng 8/2010)

STT K hiu muGi tr Ptb

Ct A1 Ct A2 Ct B1 Ct B2

1 NM1 2,9 1,5 0,8 0,52 NM2 4,5 2,0 1,2 0,6

3 NM3 3,8 1,8 1,0 0,6

4 NM4 4,4 2,0 1,2 0,6

5 NM5 2,9 1,4 0,8 0,5

6 NM6 3,0 1,4 0,8 0,5

7 NM7 2,8 1,4 0,8 0,5

8 NM8 3,5 1,6 1,0 0,6

9 NM9 2,9 1,4 0,9 0,5

10 NM10 2,1 1,0 0,6 0,4

11 NM11 3,0 1,4 0,8 0,5

12 NM12 3,5 1,7 1,0 0,613 NM13 3,3 1,6 0,9 0,5

14 NM14 2,7 1,3 0,7 0,4

15 NM15 3,1 1,5 0,9 0,5

3.3.1.3. So snh gia 2 phng phpKt qu tnh ton theo 2 phng php l tng i ph hp vi nhau. Tuy

nhin, mi phng php u c nhng uim vhn ch ring: Phng php nh gi cht lng mi trng nc theo ch tiu tng

hp- u im:+ nh gi tng hp tt c cc ch tiu nhim mi trng nc mt c

trong QCVN 08: 2008/BTNMT.

+ Tnh ton n gin, d hiu.- Hn ch:+ Phng php ch nh gi i vi tng mc ch s dng tng ng vi

cc mc gi tr gii hn cho php trong QCVN 08: 2008ct A1, A2, B1, B2.+ Khng nh gi c cht lng nc tng qut ca mt con sng (hay

on sng), kh so snh cht lng tng vng ca mt con sng, so snh CLN sngny vi sng khc, CLN thi gian ny vi thi gian khc (theo thng, ma), CLNhin ti so vi tng lai.

+ nh gi theo ch tiu tng hp, ch c cc nh khoa hc hoc cc nhchuyn mn mi hiu c v nh vy, kh thng tin v CLN cho cng ng vcc c quan qun l Nh nc, cc nh lnh o ra cc quyt nh ph hp v

bo v v khai thc ngun nc Phng php nh gi cht lng mi trng nc theo ch s WQI

- u im:+ Ch s WQI c kh nng c trng cho tc ng tng hp ca nng

nhiu thnh phn ha l sinh trong ngun nc.+ n gin, d hiu, c tnh khi qut cao c th c s dng cho mc ch

nh gi din bin cht lng nc theo khng gian v thi gian, l ngun thng tin


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ph hp cho cng ng, cho nhng nh qun l khng phi chuyn gia v mitrng nc.

- Hn ch:+ Mt ch s ph th hin cht lng nc xu nhng c th ch s cui cng

li th hin cht lng nc tt.+ Phng php tnh ch s WQI c nh cc thng s tnh ton nn khi mt

thng s c th b xung vo vic nh gi cht lng mi trng nc nhng likhng c tnh ton vo WQI.

+ Cn phi thit lp v hot ng mng li quan trc mi trng nc vinhiu im thu mu, tn sut quan trc tng i dy.

+ i vi sng Hng ni chung v on chy qua a bn thnh ph H Nini ring, c lng ph sa rt ln c bit l vo ma l nn hm lng TSS v c cng rt cao. Do , khi tnh ton ch WQI s khng phn nh chnh xc cmc nhim nc sng.

+ Nc sng Hng c s dng cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau nh cpnc sinh hot, ti tiu thy li, nui trng thy sn, giao thng vn ti nn mithng s nhim s c mc quan trng khc nhau i vi tng mc ch sdng, chng hn: c v tng Coliform rt quan trng cho mc ch tip xc trctip (tm, bi li), nhng li khng quan trng cho mc ch cp nc nng nghip;nhit , mn, NH4

+khng quan trng lm vi nc bi tm nhng li rt quan

trng vi nui trng thy snV vy, tc gi lun vn nghin cu, xut ci tin phngphp tnh

WQI theo Quyt nh s 879/Q-TCMT cho ph hp vi sng Hng.3.3.2. xut phng php tnh ch s cht lng nc (WQI) cho sngHngon chy qua a bn thnh ph H Ni

Nh trnh by trn, a phn cc phng php tnh WQI trn th giihin nay u c pht trin t phng php tnh WQI ca Qu v sinh Quc giaHoa K (NSF-WQI).

Do vy, trong lun vn ny, tc gi s p dng kt hp phng php tnhWQI theo Quyt nh s 879/Q-TCMT v phng php tnh WQI ca Qu vsinh Quc gia Hoa K (NSF-WQI) c bin i cho ph hp vi sng Hng (vit ttl SH-WQI).

Cc thng s la chnCc thng sv cht lng nc mt c lachn trong SH-WQI cng

tng t nhphng php tnh WQI theo Quyt nh s 879/Q-TCMTXc nh trng lng ng gp ca cc thng s (trng s w i)Phn trng lng ng gp (wi) ca 9 thng s trong SH-WQI c la chn

theo cng thc tnh ca NSF-WQI nh trong bng 3.6.Bng 3.6. Trng lng ng gp ca cc thng s

STT Thng s Trng lng ng gp (wi)1 DO 0,17

2 Tng Coliform 0,153 pH 0,12

4 BOD5 0,10


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STT Thng s Trng lng ng gp (wi)5 COD 0,10

6 NH4+ 0,10

7 PO4- 0,10

8 TSS 0,089 c 0,08

Tng 1,0

Xc nh ch s ph qiCh s ph qi trong SH-WQI c xc nh bng WQI cho cc thng s theo

phng php tnh WQI theo Quyt nh 879/Q-TCMT.Cng thc tnh WQI

Tc gi lun vn s s dng c 2 dng cng thc tnh dng tch v dng tngca NSF-WQI tnh ton SH-WQI.

- Cng thc dng tng: SH-WQI/WA =

9

1

.i

qiwi

- Cng thc dng tch: SH-WQI/WM =

9

1i

wiqi

Kt qu phn loiBng 3.7.Phn loi cht lng nc theo gi tr ca SH-WQI

Loi MuGi trWQI

nh gicht lng

Mc ch s dng

IXanh nc

bin91-100 Rt tt S dng tt cho mc ch cp nc sinh hot

II Xanh l cy 71-90 Tt S dng cho mc ch cp nc sinh hotnhng cn cc bin php x l ph hp

III Vng 51-70 Trung bnhS dng cho mc ch ti tiu v cc mcchtng ng khc

IV Da cam 26-50 nhimS dng cho giao thng thy v cc mc chtng ng khc

V 0-25 Rt nhimNc b nhim nng, cn cc bin php xl trong tng lai

3.3.3. Kt qu tnh ton WQI cho sng Hng on chy qua a bn thnh phH Ni

Bng 3.8. Gi tr WQI ti cc im quan trccht lng nc sng Hng on

chy qua a bn thnh ph H Ni (thng 3/2010)

TT V tr quan trcTheo SH-WQI/WA

dng tngTheo SH-WQI/WM

dng tch

Gi tr Phn loi Gi tr Phn loi1 NM1 83 II 77 II

2 NM2 82 II 78 II

3 NM3 85 II 83 II

4 NM4 76 II 71 II

5 NM5 82 II 79 II

6 NM6 80 II 77 II

7 NM7 83 II 78 II


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dng tch


9 NM9 77 II 75 II10 NM10 72 II 68 III

11 NM11 64 III 37 IV

12 NM12 58 III 34 IV

13 NM13 54 III 33 IV

14 NM14 67 III 65 III

15 NM15 71 II 67 III

Ngun: tnh ton ca tc gi Lun vn, 2011Bng 3.9. Gi tr WQI ti cc im quan trc cht lng nc sng Hng on

chy qua a bn thnh ph H Ni (thng 8/2010)



dng tch


2 NM2 72 II 48 IV

3 NM3 76 II 68 III

4 NM4 70 III 47 IV

5 NM5 81 II 76 II

6 NM6 82 II 76 II

7 NM7 74 II 70 III

8 NM8 74 II 69 III

9 NM9 75 II 70 III

10 NM10 86 II 83 II

11 NM11 82 II 77 II

12 NM12 73 II 68 III

13 NM13 75 II 70 III

14 NM14 80 II 76 II

15 NM15 77 II 72 II

Ngun: tnh ton ca tc gi Lun vn, 2011T kt qu tnh ton trong bng 3.8, bng 3.9 c th rt ra cc kt lun nh

sau:

- Gi tr WQI tnh theo cng thc dng tng (SH-WQI/WA) lun cao hn sovi trng hp tnh bng cng thc dng tch (SH-WQI/WM). iu ny dn titrong nhiu trng hp vic phn loi cht lng nc sng theo gi tr WQI trongcng thc dng tng lun mc tt hnso vi trng hp s dng kt qu tnhWQI theo cng thc dng tch.

- Kt qu tnh ton theo cng thc tnh SH-WQI dng tch phn nh nhytt hn, cng nh phn nh cht lng nc st vi thc t hn so vi trng hps dng kt qu theo cng thc dng tng.

Do , tc gi lun vn xut s dng phng php tnh WQI dng tch(SH-WQI/WM) v cc kt qu tnh gi tr WQI theo cng thc dng tch nh


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gi cht lng nc sng Hng on chy qua a bn thnh ph H Ni. Kt quca phng php tnh theo cng thc dng tch cng s c s dng tin hnhxy dng bn hin trng mi trng nc sng Hng vo 2 ma.3.3.4. Xy dng s hin trng cht lngnc sng Hng on chy qua

a bn thnh ph H Nitheo ch s WQI3.3.4.1. Phng php xy dng s hin trngcht lng ncsng Hngdavo ch s WQI

Trn c s phn loi cht lng nc theo ch s WQI, tc gi lun vn tin hnh xy dng s hin trng cht lng nc sng Hng on chy qua a

bn thnh ph H Ni, tc l ti mi v tr quan trc s th hin kt qu tnh tontheo ch s WQI ln s di dng biu hnh ct theo thang mu nh quy nh(theo thang im ca m hnh NSF-WQI):

- WQI = 91-100: xanh nc bin - s dng tt cho mc ch cp nc sinhhot;

- WQI = 71-90: xanh l cy - s dng cho mc ch cp nc sinh hotnhng cn cc bin php x l ph hp;

- WQI = 51-70: vng - s dng cho mc ch ti tiu v cc mc chtng ng khc;

- WQI = 26-50: da cam - s dng cho giao thng thy v cc mc ch tngng khc;

- WQI = 0-25: - nc b nhim nng, cn cc bin php x l trongtng lai.3.3.4.2.S hin trngcht lng nc sng Hng theo ch s WQI


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Hnh 3.21. S hin trngcht lng nc sng Hng trn abn thnh ph HNi vo ma cn(thng3/2010) theo ch s WQI

Hnh 3.22. S hin trngcht lng nc sng Hng trn a bn thnh ph HNi vo ma l(thng8/2010) theo ch s WQI

3.3.5. nh gi kh nng s dng ngun nc sng Hng on chy qua abn thnh ph H Ni3.3.5.1. nh gi v kh nng cp nc cho sinh hot ca sng Hng

on chy qua a bn thnh ph H NiTheo kt qu tnh ch s cht lng nc WQI, cng nh qua s liu phn

tch v nh gi trong mc 3.2 ca lun vnc th kt lunnc sng Hng c ths dng cp nc cho sinh hot nhng cn cc bin php x l ph hp ti cc khuvc:t thng lu n gn cu Vnh Tuy huyn Thanh Trvo ma cn, cn voma l ch c mt s khu vc(Vn H Phc Th n thn Bi Ni H M - anPhng; cu Vnh Tuy Hong Mai n Duyn H Thanh Tr; Hng Thi Ph

Xuyn n Quang Lng Ph Xuyn).3.3.5.2. nh gi v kh nng cp nc cho nng nghip ca sng Hngon chy qua a bn thnh ph H Ni

Cn c vo mc nh gi cht lng nc theo ch s WQI v theo TCVN6773-2000 [3] c th nh gi c kh nng s dng ngun nc sng Hng trna bn thnh ph H Ni cho mc ch thy li nh sau:

- Vo ma cn: cht lng nc c xp vo loi II v III (tr on sng tDuynH Thanh Tr n Thng Nht Thng Tn), ph hp cho vic cp ncti tiu.


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17

- Vo ma l: cht lng nc sng Hng ch yu c xp vo loi II vIII (tr on sng khu vc Chu Sn Ba V v khu vc Cm nh Phc Th),

ph hp cho vic cp nc ti tiu.Cc kt qu phn tch cht lng nc cc on sng ny cng cho thy cc

ch s v ha l v sinh hc u tha mn cc quy nh trong TCVN 6773 2000.3.3.5.3. nh gi v kh nng s dng ngun nc sng Hng on chy quaa bn thnh ph H Ni cho nui trng thy sn

Ngun nc sng Hng chy qua a bn thnh ph H Ni l thy vc ncngt. Do , ngun nc ny ch ph hp cho nui trng thy sn nc ngt vicc loi c c trng nh tri, chp, trm, r phi Qua tnh ton theo ch s WQIvo ma cn(thng 3/2010)v ma l(thng 8/2010)c xp ch yu vo nhmII v III (trung bnh v tt) nn rt ph hp cho nui trng, nh bt hoc cp nccho nui trng thy sn nc ngt.

KT LUN, KIN NGH1. KT LUN

T cc kt qu nghin cu, lun vn rt ra cc kt lun nh sau: 1. Cht lng nc sng ti 15v tr quan trc vo 2 t trong nm 2010

(thng 3 v thng 8) nhn chung tng i tt, ch xyra nhim cc b ti mt sv tr bi cc ch tiu nh Coliform, NH4

+, PO4

3-.

2. Kt qu tnh ton ch s cht lng nc (WQI) theo Quyt nh s 879/Q-TCMT p dng cho sng Hng cn c nhng hn ch nh: vo ma l lng

ph sa tng i ln nn hm lng TSS v c cng rt cao, khi ch s WQIs khng phn nh c mc nhim nc sng; nc sng Hng c s dngcho nhiu mc ch khc nhau nn mi thng s nhim s c mc quan trngkhc nhau.

3. Da vo phn loi ngun nc theo gi tr WQI, lun vn phn loic cc khu vc theo cc mc II, III v IV.

2. KIN NGH1. Cc kt qu nghin cu trong lun vn ny mi ch dng li vic tnh

ton ch s WQI cho 2 t (ma cn v ma l) trong nm 2010. Do vy, tc gilun vn kin ngh tng tn sut quan trc trong nm (thng/ln) c y cc sliu cho vic phn vng v nh gi kh nng s dng ngun nc sng Hng trna bn thnh ph H Ni.

2. Cn o c, phn tch lin tc cht lng nc theo chiu di ca sng nh gi ng din bin cht lng nc sng t thng ngun xung h ngun vl c s xy dng c bn phn vng cht lng nc sng Hng theo chs WQI.

3. Ngoi ra, tc gi lun vn cng kin ngh cn nghin cu ci tin cngthc tnh WQI theo Quyt nh s 879/ Q-TCMT p dng ph hp hn i vitng mc ch s dng nc ring.


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18

References

Ting Vit

1.

Bo co tng hp (2011), Quy hoch tng th pht trin kinh t - x hithnh ph H Ni n nm 2020, nh hng n nm 2030, S K hoch vu t thnh ph H Ni.

2. B Ti nguyn v Mi trng (2008), Quy chun K thut Quc gia v chtlng nc mt, H Ni.

3. B Ti nguyn v Mi trng (2000), Tiu chun cht lng nc dng chothy li,H Ni.

4. C quan hp tc quc t Nht Bn (JICA) (2000), Nghin cu ci thin mitrng thnh ph H Ni, Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam, D thobo co cui cng (bo co chnh), Quyn 2: Quy hoch tng th mi

trng: Phng php lun quy hoch, H Ni.5. Cc thng k Thnh ph H Ni (2010), Nin gim thng k nm 2010,HNi.

6. Phm Ngc H (2004), C s khoa hc v phng php lun xy dng bn hin trng mi trng, Tuyn tp cng trnh khoa hc ca Hi ngh khoahc ngnh khoa hc, cng ngh v mi trng, i hc Khoa hc T nhin,i hc Quc gia H Ni.

7. Nguyn Vn Hp, Thy Chu T, Nguyn Hu Nam (2004),nh gi chtlng nc sng Hng da vo ch s cht lng nc (WQI),Tp ch

Phn tch Ha, L v Sinh hc, 23-32.

8. Nguyn Vn Hp v nnk (2003),Nghin cu nh gi cht lng nc sngHng v h m ph Vit Php,Bo co chuyn khoa hc, D n mph Vit Php, Hu.

9. Tn Tht Lng v ctv (2009), Xy dng c s d liu GIS kt hp vi mhnh ton v ch s cht lng nc phc v cng tc qun l v kim

sot cht lng nc h lu h thng sng ng Nai,S Khoa hc v Cngngh TP. H Ch Minh.

10.Tn Tht Lng v ctv (2008), Nghin cu ch s cht lng nc nhgi v phn vng cht lng nc sng Hu, ti nghin cu khoa hc cpc s.

11.S Khoa hc v Cng ngh TP H Ch Minh (2004),Nghin cu hon thincc ch tiu sinh hc nh gi cht lng v phn vng, phn loi mitrng nc cc thy vc TP H Ch Minh, TP. H Ch Minh.

12.L Trnh, nnk (2008), Nghin cu phn vng cht lng nc theo cc chs cht lng nc (WQI) v nh gi kh nng s dng cc ngun ncsng, knh rch vng TP. H Ch Minh,TP. H Ch Minh.

13.y ban KH-CN TP H Ch Minh (1991), Bo co ti nghin cu xydng tp bn mi trng thnh ph H Ch Minh, TP. H Ch Minh.

14.UBND TP H Ni T chc JICA Nht Bn (12/1997), Quy hoch tng ththot nc H Ni,H Ni.


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19

15.UBND Thnh ph H Ni JICA (2000),Nghin cu ci thin mi trngthnh ph H Ni, H Ni.

Ting Anh

16.Alikhan A, Tobin A.et al. (2005), Application of CCME Procedures forDeriving Site Specific Water Quality Guidelines for the CCME WQI,Water Quality Research Journal of Canada, vol. 40, No. 4, Page 448-456.

17.Bhargava D.S (1983), Use of WQI for River Classificaton and Zoning ofthe Gange River, Environment Pollution (Serie B),No. 6, Page 5167.

18.Canada Council of Ministry of the Environment (2001), Canadian WaterQuality Guidelines the Protection of Aquatic Life CCME WQI 1.0,Technical Report.

19.Couillard D. (1985), Analysis of WQI, Journal of EnvironmentalManagement, Canada.

20.Department of Environment, New Foundlands (1994), WQI Applied to theExploits River Watershed, Canada.

21.Government of British Columbia, Ministry of Environment, EnvironmentalProtection Division (2001), The British Columbia Water Quality Index,

Canada.

22.House M.A (1987), The Development of WQIs for OperationManagement,Water Science and Technology, No. 19, Page 145-154.

23.King Country (2007), Water Quality Index for Streams and River, UnitedStates of America (http://green.kingcounty.gov).

24.NSF Consumer Information (2004), Water Quality Index, United States ofAmerica(http://quickplace.altarum.org/QuickPlace/gleams/PageLibrary85256D7300519182.nsf/h_Index/4C862BD57AE8528385256F30005A59B8/).

25.P.A. Economopolous (1993), Rapid Assessment for Water, Solid, Air andLand Pollution Sources, WHO, Geneva.

26.Pesce, S. F. and Wunderlin, D. A. (2000), Use of water quality indices toverify the impact of Crdoba city (Argentina) on Suqua river, Waterresearch, 34 (11), 2915-2926.

27.Pham Minh Hanh (2009),Development of Water Quality Indices for SurfaceWater Quality Evaluation in Vietnam,Thesis for Ph.D.s Degree.

28.The Bay Institute Ecological Scorecard (2003), San Francisco Bay WQI,United States of America.

29.Wilkes University, Center for Environmental Quality EnvironmentalEngineerring and Earth Sciences (2007), Calculating NSF Water Quality

Index, United States of America (http://www.water-

research.net/waterqualindex/index.htm).

Website30.www.rrbo.org.vn31.www.monre.gov.vn32.www.nea.gov.vn
http://www.rrbo.org.vn/http://www.rrbo.org.vn/http://www.monre.gov.vn/http://www.monre.gov.vn/http://www.nea.gov.vn/http://www.nea.gov.vn/http://www.nea.gov.vn/http://www.monre.gov.vn/http://www.rrbo.org.vn/

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Application of Water Quality Index Computation on Hong River Water (Ha Noi City Section)

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