Applications of GOES SST Applications of GOES SST for Fisheries Research and for Fisheries Research and

ManagementManagement

David G. FoleyDavid G. FoleyHawai’i CoastWatchHawai’i CoastWatch

Joint Institute for Marine Joint Institute for Marine

and Atmospheric Researchand Atmospheric Research

University of Hawai’iUniversity of Hawai’i

R. Michael LaursR. Michael LaursNOAA Fisheries NOAA Fisheries

Honolulu LaboratoryHonolulu Laboratory

Contributors Contributors

Jeff Polovina, Don Kobayashi, Evan Howell, Sam Jeff Polovina, Don Kobayashi, Evan Howell, Sam Pooley, Mike Seki, Rusty Brainard, Pierre Kleiber, Pooley, Mike Seki, Rusty Brainard, Pierre Kleiber, George Balaazs, Denise Ellis, Gerard DiNardo (NMFS George Balaazs, Denise Ellis, Gerard DiNardo (NMFS Honolulu Laboratory)Honolulu Laboratory)

Bob Bidigare, Carrie Leonard (UH)Bob Bidigare, Carrie Leonard (UH) Grayson Wood and Jay O’Reilly (NMFS Grayson Wood and Jay O’Reilly (NMFS

Narragansett)Narragansett) Fred Wu (Wisconsin)Fred Wu (Wisconsin) Eileen Maturi and Kent Hughes (NESDIS|ORA)Eileen Maturi and Kent Hughes (NESDIS|ORA) NESDIS|ORA in general.NESDIS|ORA in general.

Overview Overview

Establish technical infrastructureEstablish technical infrastructure Directed development of specific applicationsDirected development of specific applications

Partnership with researchers/managersPartnership with researchers/managers Account for regional characteristicsAccount for regional characteristics Choose most appropriate productsChoose most appropriate products

Sample applications for fisheries research and Sample applications for fisheries research and management in the Pacific and NW Atlanticmanagement in the Pacific and NW Atlantic

Use in Data Fusion and GIS-based ApplicationsUse in Data Fusion and GIS-based Applications Future needsFuture needs

LaunchLaunch On-orbit ValidationOn-orbit Validation

CommunicationsCommunications

Process basic dataProcess basic data Generate relevant Generate relevant

environmental environmental productsproducts

Distribute Distribute products in forms products in forms both useful and both useful and usableusable

http://coastwatch.noaa.gov

Gulf of Mexico

West Coast

Caribbean

Southeast

Northeast

HawaiiAlaska

Great Lakes

NOAA CoastWatchNOAA CoastWatchRegional NodesRegional Nodes

Regions of ResponsibilityRegions of ResponsibilityHonolulu LaboratoryHonolulu Laboratory

Oceanic Satellite Oceanic Satellite Remote SensingRemote Sensing

Provides essential marine environmental Provides essential marine environmental information required for:information required for: Fisheries research and managementFisheries research and management

Research and recovery of protected speciesResearch and recovery of protected species

Notably important ‘tool’ in the vast Notably important ‘tool’ in the vast oceanic areas in western Pacific that form oceanic areas in western Pacific that form the widest geographical jurisdiction in the widest geographical jurisdiction in the U.S.the U.S.

Directed DevelopmentDirected Development

Understand Regional CharacteristicsUnderstand Regional CharacteristicsClimatic conditionsClimatic conditionsPhysical dynamicsPhysical dynamicsEcological interestEcological interest

Focus on applicationFocus on applicationChoose appropriate platformChoose appropriate platformWork through exampleWork through exampleDeliver product (and technology)Deliver product (and technology)

Ocean Features ImportantOcean Features Important In Fisheries In Fisheries

Ocean ‘fronts’, boundaries, ‘edges’Ocean ‘fronts’, boundaries, ‘edges’ Mesoscale circulation patterns, e.g., Mesoscale circulation patterns, e.g.,

eddies, meanders, ‘loops’eddies, meanders, ‘loops’ Convergence zonesConvergence zones Vertical thermal topographyVertical thermal topography Ocean surface windsOcean surface winds Wave heightsWave heights

Scales of Spatial and Scales of Spatial and Temporal Oceanic VariabilityTemporal Oceanic Variability

CoastWatch ApplicationsCoastWatch Applications

Fisheries Research and ManagementFisheries Research and Management Protected Species InvestigationsProtected Species Investigations

Hawaiian Monk SealHawaiian Monk Seal

Marine TurtlesMarine Turtles Coral Reef Monitoring and ProtectionCoral Reef Monitoring and Protection Satellite Tag Tracking and AnalysisSatellite Tag Tracking and Analysis

Oceanic Satellite Oceanic Satellite Remote SensingRemote Sensing

Provides essential marine environmental Provides essential marine environmental information required for:information required for: Fisheries research and managementFisheries research and management

Research and recovery of protected speciesResearch and recovery of protected species

Notably important ‘tool’ in the vast Notably important ‘tool’ in the vast oceanic areas in western Pacific that form oceanic areas in western Pacific that form the widest geographical jurisdiction in the widest geographical jurisdiction in the U.S.the U.S.

Rationale For SatelliteRationale For Satellite Remote Sensing In Fisheries Remote Sensing In Fisheries

Variations in marine environmental Variations in marine environmental conditions affect:conditions affect:

Distribution, abundance, and Distribution, abundance, and availability of fish populationsavailability of fish populations

Influence the vulnerability and Influence the vulnerability and catchability of fish stockscatchability of fish stocks

Satellite Data SourcesSatellite Data Sources

High Quality Data High Quality Data sets from National sets from National and International and International Agencies.Agencies.

Derived products Derived products generated by regional generated by regional distributors (e.g., distributors (e.g., Hawaii CoastWatch).Hawaii CoastWatch).

Fusion of various Fusion of various data types performed data types performed at NMFS Honolulu at NMFS Honolulu LaboratoryLaboratory

Sample ApplicationsSample Applications

Essential Fish Habitat Essential Fish Habitat

Subtropical Convergence ZoneSubtropical Convergence Zone Swordfish FisherySwordfish Fishery Marine Turtle HabitatMarine Turtle Habitat

Eddywatch - Monitoring ocean Eddywatch - Monitoring ocean eddies in the lee of Hawai`Ieddies in the lee of Hawai`I Impact on Bigeye Tuna FisheryImpact on Bigeye Tuna Fishery

Steering by GOES SSTSteering by GOES SST

Maximize resource Maximize resource allocationallocation

Enhance analysis Enhance analysis of of in situin situ data data

Extrapolate Extrapolate in situin situ results to larger results to larger regionregion

Surveying the Subtropical Surveying the Subtropical FrontsFronts

Wind Driven Oceanic ConvergenceWind Driven Oceanic Convergence Seasonal variabilitySeasonal variability Interannual variabilityInterannual variability Swordfish FisherySwordfish Fishery Protected Marine Turtle HabitatProtected Marine Turtle Habitat Accumulation of Marine DebrisAccumulation of Marine Debris

Shipboard SurveysShipboard Surveys

Spatial representation of Spatial representation of BIGEYE mooring BIGEYE mooring

High resolution vertical High resolution vertical structure of:structure of: temperaturetemperature salinitysalinity chlorophyllchlorophyll dissolved oxygendissolved oxygen nutrients (bottles)nutrients (bottles) accessory pigments (bottles)accessory pigments (bottles)

Influence of mesoscale Influence of mesoscale dynamic variability through dynamic variability through water columnwater column

STCZ Transect 1999STCZ Transect 1999

Monitoring Ocean EddiesMonitoring Ocean Eddies

Started at request of State DLNR and Started at request of State DLNR and fisheries biologistsfisheries biologists

Uses experimental GOES SST product Uses experimental GOES SST product as primary data setas primary data set

Complementary data sources used Complementary data sources used when appropriate (surface winds, ocean when appropriate (surface winds, ocean color and altimetry).color and altimetry).

Updates emailed to selected users, Updates emailed to selected users, posted on webposted on web

Sample Eddy - ‘Ehu KaiSample Eddy - ‘Ehu Kai

Importance of EddiesImportance of Eddies

Variations in marine environmental Variations in marine environmental conditions affectconditions affect

Distribution, abundance, and Distribution, abundance, and availability of fish populationsavailability of fish populations

Influence the vulnerability and Influence the vulnerability and catchability of fish stockscatchability of fish stocks

Transport of planktonic coral and Transport of planktonic coral and reef fish larvareef fish larva

Eddy Tracking AreaEddy Tracking Area

Bigeye CPUE

0.1 - 5 5 - 10 10 - 15 15 - 25 Over 25

20 N

22 N

18 N

24 N160 W162 W 158 W 156 W 154 W164 W166 W

Bigeye Bigeye Oceanographic MooringOceanographic Mooring

TemperatureTemperature 13 depths (25 - 700 m)13 depths (25 - 700 m)

Velocity (shear)Velocity (shear) 50,100,150,200, 350 m50,100,150,200, 350 m

Conductivity (salinity)Conductivity (salinity) 50 and 350 m50 and 350 m

Dissolved Oxygen (350 m)Dissolved Oxygen (350 m) Pressure (50 m)Pressure (50 m) Collaborators and Sensors Collaborators and Sensors

EncouragedEncouraged biological (optical/acoustic)biological (optical/acoustic) telemetrytelemetry

In Situ Sampling In Situ Sampling Oceanic EddiesOceanic Eddies

Marine Debris On Marine Debris On Coral ReefsCoral Reefs

Endangered HawaiianEndangered HawaiianMonk SealMonk Seal

Ocean Currents Ocean Currents of the North Pacificof the North Pacific

Convergence Time SeriesConvergence Time Series

Top 10 U.S. Fisheries PortsTop 10 U.S. Fisheries Ports

4242Brownsville TexasBrownsville Texas1010

4343Point Judith, Rhode IslandPoint Judith, Rhode Island99

4545Honolulu, Hawai`IHonolulu, Hawai`I88

4949Key West, FloridaKey West, Florida77

6464Empire-Venice, LouisianaEmpire-Venice, Louisiana66

7979KodiakKodiak55

9494Agana, GuamAgana, Guam44

9494New BedfordNew Bedford33

110110Dutch Harbor, UnalaskaDutch Harbor, Unalaska22

232232Pago Pago, Am.SamoaPago Pago, Am.Samoa11

LANDINGS VALUELANDINGS VALUE($ million ex-vessel)($ million ex-vessel)

PortPortRankRank

Hawaii Commercial Hawaii Commercial Fisheries RevenueFisheries Revenue

Future ApplicationsFuture Applications

Addressing the closure of a fishery:

Hawai’i Longline

North Pacific Subtropical North Pacific Subtropical ConvergenceConvergence

Wind Stress Curl ERS2 Wind Stress Curl ERS2 January - March 1998January - March 1998

ERS2 Curl and AVHRR ERS2 Curl and AVHRR SST 18 C IsothermSST 18 C Isotherm

ERS2 Curl, AVHRR 18 C SST ERS2 Curl, AVHRR 18 C SST and and SeaWiFSSeaWiFS 0.2 Chl 0.2 Chl aa

Curl, 18 C, 0.2 Chl Curl, 18 C, 0.2 Chl aa and Swordfish CPUEand Swordfish CPUE

Curl, SST, Chl a, Swordfish Curl, SST, Chl a, Swordfish CPUE and Turtle TracksCPUE and Turtle Tracks

A Proposed SolutionA Proposed Solution

Identify habitats using different sensorsIdentify habitats using different sensors Area of convergenceArea of convergence

Wind Stress Curl (QuikSCAT and ADEOS-II)Wind Stress Curl (QuikSCAT and ADEOS-II) Swordfish HabitatSwordfish Habitat

18 C Isotherm (GOES-? and AVHRR)18 C Isotherm (GOES-? and AVHRR) Marine Turtle HabitatMarine Turtle Habitat

0.2 Chlorophyll (SeaWiFS, MODIS AM/PM)0.2 Chlorophyll (SeaWiFS, MODIS AM/PM)

Model anticipated turtle-longline Model anticipated turtle-longline interactionsinteractions

Adjust fishery restrictions accordinglyAdjust fishery restrictions accordingly

Data FusionData Fusion

Provide best description of systemProvide best description of system

Physical DynamicsPhysical Dynamics

Ecological ResponseEcological Response

Anthropogenic impactsAnthropogenic impacts Advantage of GOES SSTAdvantage of GOES SST

Full coverage over short durationsFull coverage over short durations

Temporal sampling appropriate to Temporal sampling appropriate to resolve mesoscale featuresresolve mesoscale features

Eddies Revisited:Eddies Revisited:Effect on ThermoclineEffect on Thermocline

Biological ResponseBiological Response

Fishing EffortFishing Effort

Examine relationships Examine relationships between CPUE and between CPUE and surface featuressurface features mesoscale eddiesmesoscale eddies

physical/biological physical/biological frontsfronts

Examine relationships Examine relationships between surface between surface features and vertical features and vertical

structure of:structure of: temperaturetemperature

velocityvelocity

Other Applications Other Applications Northeast USNortheast US

NE CoastWatch using GOES-8 SST to NE CoastWatch using GOES-8 SST to assist NE Aquarium in tracking Giant assist NE Aquarium in tracking Giant Bluefin Tuna and Northern Right Whales Bluefin Tuna and Northern Right Whales (Grayson Wood and Molly Lutcavage)(Grayson Wood and Molly Lutcavage)

NMFS Narragansett using GOES-8 SST NMFS Narragansett using GOES-8 SST to enhance AVHRR SST by filling in to enhance AVHRR SST by filling in cloud covered pixels (J. O’Reilly).cloud covered pixels (J. O’Reilly).

Primary data set for GIS-based study of Primary data set for GIS-based study of turtle – longline interactionsturtle – longline interactions

Specific Issues AddressedSpecific Issues Addressedusing GOES SSTusing GOES SST

Essential Fish Habitat ID for Pelagic FishEssential Fish Habitat ID for Pelagic Fish Coral Reef Monitoring and ProtectionCoral Reef Monitoring and Protection Allocation of Research Assets to Maximize Allocation of Research Assets to Maximize

Scientific ReturnsScientific Returns Data Fusion to Enhance End User ProductsData Fusion to Enhance End User Products Protected Species InvestigationsProtected Species Investigations

Endangered Hawaiian Monk SealEndangered Hawaiian Monk Seal

Threatened Marine TurtlesThreatened Marine Turtles

Desirements - GeneralDesirements - General

Near-Real Time (< 11 hours)Near-Real Time (< 11 hours) Cloud-Cleared SSTCloud-Cleared SST Historical Data SetsHistorical Data Sets Spatial Coverage to include Western Spatial Coverage to include Western

Pacific.Pacific. Ocean Color Capacity (e.g., SEI)Ocean Color Capacity (e.g., SEI)

Desirements - SpecificDesirements - Specific

Central PacificCentral Pacific

ResolutionResolution

Time < 3 hrTime < 3 hr

Space < 5 kmSpace < 5 km

Data QualityData Quality

Absolute < 0.5 CAbsolute < 0.5 C

Relative < 0.5 CRelative < 0.5 C

West CONUSWest CONUS

and Gulfand Gulf

ResolutionResolution

Time < 1 hrTime < 1 hr

Space < 2 kmSpace < 2 km

Data QualityData Quality

Absolute < 1.0 CAbsolute < 1.0 C

Relative < 1.0 CRelative < 1.0 C

East CONUSEast CONUS

ResolutionResolution

Time < 1 hrTime < 1 hr

Space < 1 kmSpace < 1 km

Data QualityData Quality

Absolute < 1.0 CAbsolute < 1.0 C

Relative < 1.0 CRelative < 1.0 C