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Applications of Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems in
NEDO Projects
January 29, 2007
Toshiharu Yagi
International Projects Management DivisionEnergy and Environment Technology Center
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
International Cooperative Demonstration Project Utilizing PV Power Generation Systems in Mongolia
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Outline
(1) PV Power Generation System Applications
(2) Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) and NEDO Projects in Japan
(3) Further Application of NEDO’s International Cooperative Demonstration Projects
3
(1) PV Power Generation Systems Application
Rooftops
Walls
Windows
Others
Rooftop installed
Sloped
Rooftop integrated*
Flat
Wall installed
Wall integrated*Window*
Ceiling*
Roof material type
Window roof*
Louver*
Monuments, etc.
A. Installation of PV modules**
B. Systems
Stand-alone systemsHybrid systems
Grid connected systems
Microgrids
Applications
Electrification
Water supply
Resolving power supply restrictionsEffective power utilization**Source: Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association (JPEA)
(2) BIPV and NEDO Projects
(3) International Cooperative Demonstration Projects
* BIPV
Rooftop integrated type
Type
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Outline
(1) PV Power Generation System Applications
(2) Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) and NEDO Projects in Japan
(3) Further Application of NEDO’s International Cooperative Demonstration Projects
( 2 )- 1 NEDO’s activities for the introduction of Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV)1. FY1993 - FY1996 R&D on integrating PV modules into construction materials to combine PV arrays with buildings and reduce system installation costs
2. FY1997 – FY2000 Further R&D on PV modules to develop new types of BIPV
3. FY1998 - Field testing of developed BIPV that has reached a certain technological level, to confirm performance and economic efficiency, as well as to improve reliability
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(2) – 2 PV power field tests
1. Objectives: Cost reduction/standardization Identification of performance/ economic efficiency as well as improvement of reliability Subsidies: 50%
4. Domestic cumulative capacity
2. Cumulative installed capacity/ installation costs for field tests
3. BIPV component ratios (when adopted for field tests)
Fiscal Year
J\/W
Cumulative capacity Installation cost
Fiscal Year
Off grid
On grid
Total 1,130MW
30% installed in public sector/
industrial sector
MW
W
Yen/W
MW
kW
2. Cumulative installed capacity/ installation costs for field tests
8% 11% 5%
4%
20
24
7
5
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
FY2003 FY2004 FY2005 FY2006
Fiscal Year
Pro
ject
rati
o
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Cu
mu
lati
ve c
ap
aci
ty (
MW
)
Efficiency improvementNew type of control
BIPVNew type of PV moduleTotal capacity
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(2) – 3 Roof top installations Rooftops Rooftop
installed typeSloped
rooftops
Kameyama factories (5,150kW), Sharp Corporation
Saishunkan hilltop botanical garden plant(480kW)
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BIPV
Rooftop Rooftop integrated type
JR East Takasaki station (100kW)
(2) – 4 Roof top integrated
Rooftop
Tamiya Seisakusho, greenhouse (30kW)
Rooftop integrated type
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(2) – 5 BIPV wall integrated
BIPV
Walls Wall integrated type
Walls
Tuzuki post office, Yokohama (8.5kW)
Kyocera Corporation headquarters (214kW) (rooftop: 57kW + wall:
157kW)
Wall integrated type
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(2) – 6 Others
BIPV
Windows Ceiling type Others Louver type
Panasonic center (16kW) Residential care
home for the elderly (2.2kW)
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Project for Supporting New Energy Operators (FY2001)
Rental apartments with PV power generation systems(Received the 10th METI Minister’s Awards (Gold Prize))
1. PV1.55 k W×43 households ( 1.665 k W for common use space ) Total capacity: 66.165 k W
2. All electrification with ECO CUTE and IH cooking heaters
12
““See-through Type See-through Type Photovoltaic Photovoltaic
Modules”Modules”
“See-through type PV modules”
introduced for the first time in Kyushu, Japan, allow light to come in through the ceiling.
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Outline
(1) PV Power Generation System Applications
(2) Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) and NEDO Projects in Japan
(3) Further Application NEDO’s International Cooperative Demonstration Projects
14
( 3 )-1 Project objectives
NEDO conducts domestic research activities to resolve technical issues for the introduction of dispersed power sources such as PV power generation systems.
Overseas project implementation aims to contribute to host countries’ sustainable development.
Environmentally friendly photovoltaic power generation systems can provide nearly unlimited energy and require minimal, uncomplicated maintenance. Expanding photovoltaic power generation is essential for oil-alternative energy development.
To develop practical uses for PV power generation systems, it is necessary to enhance systems from the perspective of cost reductions and improved reliability through verification tests. International cooperative verification is expected to obtain data under host countries’ distinctive climatic and social systems that cannot be replicated in Japan.
Background
International Cooperative Demonstration Project Utilizing Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems
15
( 3 )- 2 Project scheme
Japanese side
Japanese work sharing responsibilities:Surveys/planning,design/ manufacturing of primary equipment, transportation to the host country, construction, installation, commissioning, adjustment and demonstration
Others (cooperation in holding seminars for maintenance of equipment)
Host country work sharing responsibilities:Cooperation in basic surveys, cooperation in design of equipment (including layouting), involvement in demonstrative operations/equipment maintenance
Others (tax exemptions, securement of lands/methods for accessing project sites)
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)
Agreement on basic provisions of the project
Concretization
Detailed agreement on practical project matters, if
necessary
Implementation of specified work
NEDO
Work Entrustment
Entrusted Company
Implementers(Municipal governments, power companies,
research institutes, universities, state-owned enterprises)
Responsible Government Organizations
Instructions for Cooperation
Host country side
Implementation Document(ID)
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1
2
3
4
59
106
7
8
11
1213
14
15
( 3 )- 3 Project sites
BeijinBeijingg
BangkoBangkokk
Abundant solar radiation with rainy seasons
Abundant solar radiation with much less rain
17
Off Off GridGrid
On Grid
(3 ) – 4 PV systems
Large-scale PV
(3) Deviation due to complicated pattern of tidal current
④ Hybrid - Mini Grid
② SHS
③ BCS
① Water Pumping
④ Village electrification system⑤ Grid connecting
system for Industrials For
Residential
(1) Elevatedvoltage
PC (2) Islanding
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( 3 )- 5 Past projects
Water-pumping PV system ([1] Nepal)
Portable PV system
( [2] Mongolia ) Battery charging station PV system
([3] Thailand )Village electrification
([4] Malaysia )
PV + micro hydroPV + micro hydro
(( [5] Vietnam/[9] [5] Vietnam/[9] CambodiaCambodia ))PV + pumping-upPV + pumping-up
(( [11] Laos[11] Laos ))PV + wind powerPV + wind power
(( [7] Myanmar[7] Myanmar/[14] /[14] ChinaChina ))PV + biogasPV + biogas
(([10] Cambodia[10] Cambodia ))PV + diesel powerPV + diesel power
Public/industrial Public/industrial useuse
(( [12]Beijing/[12]Beijing/[15]Bangkok[15]Bangkok))
Stand-alone systems
Hybrid systems Grid connected systems1992-1998 1998-2006 2003-2006
(( [6] Thailand/[8][6] Thailand/[8] Mongolia/Mongolia/[7]Myan[7]Myanmarmar/[13] China)/[13] China)
Period: 1992-2006
Host countries: 9
# of projects: 15
Systems: 3 types
Total:
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【7】 Demonstrative Research on a Grid-connected Photovoltaic Power Generation System (PV + wind power + DEG) in Myanmar 1999-2004
1. Project site location: 200km west of Yangon, facing Bay of Bengal
2. Principal industries: agriculture, fishery, tourism (resort/beaches) 3. Site conditions: coastal area, power supply restriction due to a rotating system for operation Power supply significantly increased
5. Results: Stable power supply during rapid changes of the climate or load
Demand Side M anagemen t by an icemaker
PV power generation: 80 k W, wind power generation: 40kW, DEG: 60kW, ballast load: 24kW
Power plant Demand side
PV
Inverter
Wind power
Icemaker
DEG Village
Hotel
Inverter
Batteries
4. System configuration:
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【 10 】 Demonstrative Research Project on Combined Power Generation Units for Grid-connected System (PV + biogas) in Cambodia 2002-2004
1. Project site location: 2 hour drive from Phnom Penh in the direction of Sihanoukville
2. Principal industry: agriculture
3. Site conditions: plain field, non-electrified area with one village of 210 households
5. Results: Interconnected operation control absorbing unstable PV power output auxiliary machinery
Effectiveness of a hybrid system with biomass gas power generation
PV power generation: 50kW, biogas power generation: 70kW (biogas rated output: 303m3/day )
Power plant Demand side
PV
Inverter
Inverter
Village
Tapioca
plant
Cattle houseBiomass
gasification plant
GEG
Methane gas
4. System configuration:
Electrified
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【11】 Demonstrative Research Project on Small-scale Pumping Up Power Generation System with Photovoltaic in Laos 2003 - 2005
5. Results:Battery alternative effect by pumping up power generation
Establishment of maintenance scheme
PV power generation: 100kW, hydro power generation: 70kW, lifting pump: 7.5kW pump× 8
1. Project site location: 30km northwest of Luang Prabang
2. Principal industry: rice cultivation
3. Site conditions: mountainous/non-electrified area with 10 villages (approx. 900 households with 5000 persons)
Approx. 500 households were electrified.
Power plant Demand side
Village
Village
Village
MH
Water flow
pond
4. System configuration:
pumping
PV
Lifting
pump
Inverter
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【15】 Development of Islanding Prevention Methods Under Clustered PV Conditions and Improvement of Electricity Quality in Thailand 2004 - 20061. Project site location: 30km west and
20km north of Bangkok
2. Industry: rice vermicelli manufacturing plant and Thailand Environment Institute
3. Site conditions: suburbs of Bangkok
5. Results: New methods for islanding prevention
Technology development and demonstration of voltage control
Output characteristics of amorphous PV under high temperature
PV power generation: 155kW. Batteries: 70kWh
Commercial power
plant
Rice vermicelli manufacturing plant and
TEI
Power plant
Substation
Load
a-Si PV
Bulk
PV
PC
PC
4. System configuration:
Batt
eri
es
Invert
er
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(3) - 6 Research results① Diversification of hybrid PV power generation systems:
Particularly, various combinations of hybrid/mini-grid systems. Data acquisition (DEG, biogas engine, micro-hydro and wind power)
② Technical issues in energy utilization:
Effective utilization of PV power output (combined with other power sources, monitoring capacity of storage batteries, DSM), battery-free systems (PV+ hydro pumped to reservoir), improvement of battery cycle life (advanced storage batteries)
③ Resolving technical power grid connection problems when integrating large-scale dispersed power sources:
Identification of impact on power grids, establishment of operational control systems using storage batteries and two- way inverters, stabilizing power output interconnection by isolating erratic power output, new method for islanding detection, and supply of reactive power, etc.
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( 3 )- 7 Project implementation objectives
Stabilization of micro-grid operation Power supply less affected by brownouts/blackouts
Capacitors to control momentary power fluctuations
・ Small-scale power grids ・ Large-scale power grids Development of design supporting tools Support for improvement of maintenance skills
International Cooperative Demonstration Project for Stabilized and Advanced Grid-connection PV Systems
Updated scheme of International Cooperative Demonstration Project Utilizing Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems
25
Results of International Cooperative Results of International Cooperative Demonstration Project Utilizing Demonstration Project Utilizing Photovoltaic Power Generation SystemsPhotovoltaic Power Generation Systems
(5) Project results
Reliability/durability of stand-alone systems were confirmed
Planning and implementation of 100,000 ger electrification in Mongolia Introduction of battery charging station in Thailand Operation control of each type
of hybrid system was verifiedDevelopment of design Development of design support toolssupport toolsSupport for improvement of Support for improvement of maintenance skillsmaintenance skills
Support for introduction planSupport for establishment of maintenance scheme Dissemination of PV Dissemination of PV
power generation power generation systemssystems
Implementation and results of demonstrative research on grid connection technology Identification of impact/verification of PV output variations, new methods for islanding detection, application of Japanese grid-connection technology guidelines, etc.Stabilization of micro-grid, Stabilization of micro-grid, high-quality power supply, high-quality power supply, application of capacitors, application of capacitors, integrated control systems, integrated control systems, etc. etc.
Shared knowledge of grid-Shared knowledge of grid-connection technologiesconnection technologies Introduction and Introduction and
dissemination of grid-dissemination of grid-connected systemsconnected systems
Results for Japan
Contributions to host countries
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Thank you for your attention.