APPROACH TO ENERGY CONSCIOUS RETROFIT OF SLOVENIAN

BUILDING STOCK

Marjana ŠIJANEC ZAVRLZRMK, Technological Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia

CLIMATE: 3200 DD

ENERGY USE: Industry 29% Traffic 34% Other 37% (60% in residential sector)

APARTMENTS: 700.000 households 50% in single-family houses 50% in apartment buildings (90% privatized)

OLD BUILDINGS: built before 1980ENERGY DEMAND: 350 - 115 kWh/m2aAV. ENERGY USE: 180 kWh/m2a

GENERAL DATA

ERECTED BUILDINGS FROM 1966 - 1991 IN SLOVENIA

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

82

84

86

88

90 I ndust r ial

Public/ Commer cial

Resident ial

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Industrial Public/Commercial Residential

ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL IN BUILDINGS

– technical:• 60 % (windows 20 %)

– economically viable:• 29 % (PB < 10 y)

• low & medium cost measures

• envelope at major restoration

– socially acceptable• dependent on homeowner attitude and investment resources

• public opinion analysis 1995/96

57%66%

76%70%68%

65%74%

60%62%

56%

70%63%

71%

60%55%

45%

64%

69%

0

100

200

300

400

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18sample building

kWh

/m2a

savingsenergy demand after refurbishment

SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL - public opinion analysis

SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL

…

INCENTIVES FOR HOUSING SECTOR 1996, 1997

• grant subsidy scheme for low cost investment in 1996 (Ministry of Economic Affairs allocated the founds for the incentives for implementation of energy saving measures in 2800 households in Slovenia. :

loft insulation (in 355 households) - (2 EUR) 350 SIT/m2 with max. (150 EUR) 28.000 SIT/household, i.e. aprox. cost of insulation material for unused attics in average building,

window tightening (in 944 households) - (2 EUR) 400 SIT/m’ of window frame with max. (50 EUR) 10.000 SIT/household, aprox. cost of window tightening in smaller apartment,

oil burner adjustment (in 1229 households).- (30 EUR) 5.500 SIT, i.e. cost of the service.

INCENTIVES FOR HOUSING SECTOR 1998 - 2002

• grant subsidy scheme for medium cost investments - implementation of EE windows and glazing in existing and new houses– anticipated rate of window exchange in households:

• 21 % in 5 years …public opinion analysis

• aprox. 640.000 EUR of subsidies allocated to the households EE windows and glazing (in 2985 households) - (average

subsidy 200 EUR/household; i.e. 10-15% investment or the incremental investment in energy efficient glazing, average pay back 2 - 2.5 years

savings 11600 MWh/year, CO2 reduction 2458 tons/year

PROUCTION OF WOODEN WINDOWS IN SLOVENIA

27%

38%

35%

frame U<1,6 W/m2K, glazing U<1,6 W/m2Kframe U<1,6 W/m2K, glazing U=2,9 W/m2Kframe U=2,1 W/m2K, glazing U=2,9 W/m2K

SUBSIDISED WINDOW TECHNOLOGY

• FRAMES

– U < 1.6 W/m2K

• GLAZING

– U < 1.4 W/m2K

• OVERALL

– U < 1.6 W/m2K (ISO/DIS 10077)

• LOW AIR PERMEABILITY

– Class C (SIST 1018)

“QUALITY LABEL IN CIVIL ENGINEERING”

PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

INTEGRAL SUSTAINABLE CRITERIA IN THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS

QUALITY OF SERVICE

PRODUCTION PROCESS

SUPPORTING IDENTIFICATION OF EE WINDOWS

NATIONAL CHARACTER

NON-OBLIGATORY CERTIFICATION LABEL

EVALUATION SCHEME

PONDERED CRITERIA

RESULTS TRANSFORMED INTO POINTS

REGULATION on TI and EE of BUILDINGS

• 1875 – Bauordnung – Austrian Hungarian Empire – full brick outer wall 45 cm Umax < 1.3 W/m2K

• 1970 - Regulation on min. tech. requirements for thermal insulation of buildings – outer wall Umax < 1.3 W/m2K

• 1980 - JUS.U.J5.600 – outer wall Umax < 0.8 W/m2K

• 1984 - spec. Heat loss of building Q’ max < 7+14fo W/m3

(fo=A/V)recalculated in the form of EN 832: Qh < 65 + 55 fo kWh/m2aannual net heat use for space heating per unit net floor area of residential building

NEW (5/2002) REGULATION IN SLOVENIA CALCULATION METHOD SIST EN 832

• Transmission and ventilation heat losses – criteria 2, 3• Solar gains + internal heat sources > useful gains

• Qh net heat use for space heating – criteron 1

CPD (89/106/EEC)

ID6 Energy Economy and Heat Retention

level 4+2+3

future: level 5

Directive “on energy performance of buildings” (2002/91/EC)

NEW REGULATION ON THERMAL INSULATION AND EE IN BUILDINGS

(SINCE MAY 2002)

• 1st criterion - net heat use for space heating per net floor area

• Qh < 45 + 40 fo kWh/m2a

savings: (-30%)

Per year:

• 60.000 MWh/a less heat demand

• 12.000 ton/a less CO2 emissions

ANNUAL HEAT DEMAND

-30%

Figure 3. Requirements concerning maximum heat demand for space heating per net floor area Qh/Au according to the new Slovene regulation on thermal insulation and energy efficiency in buildings, (May 2002), (comparison: upper line - recent

Slovenian regulations. JUS U.J5.600, middle line - Germany WSVO 95, bottom line -according to the new regulation in Slovenia)

NEW

MINIMUM REQUIREMENT FOR OVERALL ENVELOPE U VALUE (W/M2K) - 2nd CRITERION

Največje dovoljene specifične transmisijske izgube stavbe HT' (W/m2K)

0,30

0,40

0,50

0,60

0,70

0,80

0,90

2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000

temperaturni primanjkljaj DD

HT

' (W

/m2

K)

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1

1,1

1,2

1,3

oblikovni faktor fo=A/Ve

0,3

1,3

0,8

0,7

0,6

0,5

0,4

0.66

0.33

0.92LjubljanaKoper Jesenice

Economic impact

• JUS.U.J5.600 for outer wall 5cm TI oz. U=0.7 W/m2K

• New regulation U=0.42 W/m2K• difference 0.28 W/m2K compensated 3cm - 4cm TI• Additional investment 20 do 35 EUR per m2 facade• For a single family house additional TI cost 200 to

500 EUR!• savings 15 kWh/m2a, pay back 3-5 let

ENERGY LABELLING OF BUILDINGS

• non-obligatory scheme since 2002SAVE 93/76/EEC Directive

• pilot project

• market priority

• state subsidies• obligatory scheme

2002/91/EC Directive

ADR-ing, d.o.o., Ljubljana

OVERVIEW OF ACTIVITIES TOWARDS IMPROVED EE OF SLOVENIAN BUILDINGS

• concept of national program of EE rehabilitation of existing buildings (identification of energy saving potential) 1994-1996

• energy advisory network ENSVET (advisory offices in municipality, advice for homeowners) since 1992

• feasibility study for implementation of EE measures in housing - public opinion analysis on social acceptability 1995/96

• incentives for EE investments in housing (grant subsidies scheme for loft insulation.., solar collectors, greenhouses, biomass boilers, ..EE windows… - low and medium cost investments) 1996-2002

• development of “Quality Mark in Buildings and C.E.” (“ZKG” - non-obligatory certification scheme for building products and services, i.e. EE windows) since 1997

• preparation of new regulation for thermal insulation

and EE in buildings (EN 832) 2001/2002

• pilot project of energy certification/labelling of buildings (1999-2002)

• support to development of energy auditing scheme, education of auditors, development of the auditing market, subsidies for audited buildings, EE in municipalities (since 1997)link to energy certification of public buildings 2002/91/EC Directive

• revolving found for EE investments

• information, awareness: workshops, training, leaflets for AURE, brochures, exhibitions in Building Centre of Slovenia

• international co-operation: projects PHARE, JOULE-THERMIE, EUREKA, COST, SAVE, FP5, OPET Slovenia (since 1998)

ENERGY CERTIFICATE / LABELLING OF BUILDINGS – UPGRADES NEW EE

REGULATION • according to SAVE Dir. – document

representing building energy indicators (heat demand indicators), ranking the building in one of seven classes according to the energy demand (A-G)– Aim – informing buyer and/or tenant of a house /

apartment about the building energy indicators– connection to state subsidies for restoration of

buildings

EVALUATED (SUSTAINABLE) CRITERIA:

measurable technical criteria

non-measurable technical criteria

environmental criteria

efficiency and quality of production processes

satisfaction of buyers

fulfilment of the company’s business plan

global impact on the society and environment

Energy labelling of appliances

• obligatory since Dec. 2001

• promotion, information and awareness raising needed