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7/30/2019 Approaches Methods & Techniques ---Pol Science
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BBA
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Pol Science is a research oriented science with aPURPOSE to POSE & SOLVE new political problems
Ask & Answer new political QUESTIONS
A particular problem needs qualification to be
relevant to Political Inquiry. Criteria for Suchqualification is called as Approach.
After determining the Approach the problem istreated in a Particular Way that is called METHOD
The required tools for management of the methods
are TECHNIQUES
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The criterion or perspective adopted byPolitical Scientist- A way or A Route
Broadly there are two Approaches
1.
Traditional2. Behavioural
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Traditional approaches are derived from sociology,anthropology, economics, law, geography,psychology
Historical Approach Aristotle Early Age Ibne Khaldun- Middle Age Machiavelli- Modern Age
The origin and development of the state isdescribed political system or cabinet are productof history
Shortcoming with this approacho Unavailability of recordso Historical events cannot be replicated
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Geographical Approach
Impact of geography-Social Cultural Economic &Political
Climate, Soil & Natural Resources influence allaspects of social and political life
HEARTLAND THEORY- Sir Alfred Machinderh
Who rules the East Europe Commands the Heartland.
Who rules the heartland commands the world islands.Who rules the world islands commands the world.
This influence of geography over politics is known asgeo-politics.
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Philosophical ApproachConcentration on Ideas, Values to achieve theconcept of an ideal state and perfect society
Political thought of early times-middles ages and
modern times. Legal Approach
Study of Legal and constitutional institutions ofstate-we study LAW, Law making process, lammaking history and how it runs a state.
We study International Law-how-why-when
Legal approach neglects culture, religion, tradition.
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Most important variable in terms ofpolitical discourses
Wealth and Poverty decides thecourse of action of a State
Karl Marx identified the phenomena
of clash between HAVEs & HAVENOTs
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Use of quantitative methods in the study ofPolitical Science
Analytical study of psychology helps us topredict the course of action of a politicalinstitution led by a political being
Leaders psychology matters in this regard
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Study of society and individual bothseparately and in combination.
Study of social, political institutions refers toInstitutional Approach
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Based scientific objectivity- free frompersonal Bias- verify conclusion
Behaviouralism-Positivism:
Application of Scientific tools and techniques tothe study of International politics and politicalScience
It is the quantitative measure of behaviour or
activities of Individuals in political life
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The gaps left by behavioral approach arefilled by integrative approach.
It is the combination of traditional andScientific approach to remove the anomaliesleft by traditional approach or vice versa.
Its holistic interpretation of Data andverifiable propositions
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The study of politics revolved around theconcept of sovereignty- in modern times itthe central concept is Power.
power is not absolute it observe certaindefined patterns or laws or principles
A constitution is framed for the governanceof power by a government.
Power is ambiguous conceptcan be politecan be violent.
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Analytical Approach Study of political System
System-subsystem-associate system-largersystem) ENVIRONMENT(input-output-feedback.
Equillibrium
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Way of data collection, analysis and reachingto certain conclusions
1. Speculative-deductive Method
2. Logical- Analytical-Inductive Deductive
3. Disciplinary
4. Practical-emprical-observational
5. Statistical
6. Scientific.