Aquaculture 2015, 20th-22th July , Brisbane Orange gills in Litopenaeus stylirostris: a new phenomenon in caledonian shrimp ponds Wabete N. 1 , Lemonnier H. 1 , Barri K. 3 , Pham D. 1 , Boulo V. 1 , Royer F. 1 , Hubert M. 1 , Laugier T. 1 , Lignot J.H. 4 , Pierrot T. 2 , Blockmans B. 3 , Tostin N. 3 1 Lagon, Ecosystème et Aquaculture Durable, IFREMER, Boulouparis, New Caledonia 2 Centre Technique Aquacole, ADECAL/Technopole, New Caledonia 3 Groupement des Fermes Aquacoles, New Caledonia 4 Equipe Adaptation Ecophysiologique et Ontogenèse, UMR 5119, Ecosym, UM2, Montpellier, France
Transcript
Aquaculture 2015, 20th-22th July , Brisbane
Orange gills in Litopenaeus stylirostris: a new phenomenon in caledonian shrimp ponds
Wabete N.1, Lemonnier H.1, Barri K.3, Pham D.1, Boulo V.1, Royer F. 1, Hubert M. 1, Laugier T. 1, Lignot J.H.4, Pierrot T.2, Blockmans B.3, Tostin N.3
1 Lagon, Ecosystème et Aquaculture Durable, IFREMER, Boulouparis, New Caledonia2 Centre Technique Aquacole, ADECAL/Technopole, New Caledonia3 Groupement des Fermes Aquacoles, New Caledonia4 Equipe Adaptation Ecophysiologique et Ontogenèse, UMR 5119, Ecosym, UM2, Montpellier, France
Aquaculture 2015, 20th-22th July 2015, Brisbane
NOUMEA
Less than 0,4% of shrimp world market 7.2 million metric tons
FAO data, 2014
Alien species imported from PanamaLitopenaeus stylirostris
Occurence during rearing (after 70-80d) and increase (up to 75%)
OG affected shrimp, %
Orange Gills occurrence in shrimp ponds
One shrimp farm
Aquaculture 2015, 20th-22th July 2015, Brisbane
Post-moult Inter-moult Pre-moult
Moulting cycle influence
OG0 OG1 OG2 OG3
Aquaculture 2015, 20th-22th July 2015, Brisbane
Histological analysisControl
Orange Gills
Orange colour located only upon gills in the branchial cavityPerl's Iron Stain reveals the presence of IRON on gills (blue color)
Aquaculture 2015, 20th-22th July 2015, Brisbane
250µm
Gills analysis : Topography and morphologyScanning Electron Microscopy
Gills
250µm
Gill filaments
50µm50µm 50µm
Orange Gills
Control
250µm
Aquaculture 2015, 20th-22th July 2015, Brisbane
Gills analysis : Topography and morphologyScanning Electron Microscopy
Orange Gills
Control
4 spots
of 3 areas
10µm 10µm
In 4 spots of 3 areas selected on gills sample of each case
→ Micro-analysis of 17 chemical elements (ESEM)
Aquaculture 2015, 20th-22th July 2015, Brisbane
Iron
*
Chemical micro analysis (ESEM)ChromiumCarbon
C
OG
*
Aquaculture 2015, 20th-22th July 2015, Brisbane
A significant difference in composition They represent 14% in OG and 8.5 % in Control
Chemical micro analysis (ESEM)Relative rate of different elements analysed (except C & O)
*
*
Aquaculture 2015, 20th-22th July 2015, Brisbane
Chemical analysis in whole Gills
Iron
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Control OG
*Iron level is 4 fold higher than in control
µg/g dry weight
0
100
200
300
400
500
Cu Zn Mn
*
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
Co Cr Ni
*
µg/g dry weight
*
Aquaculture 2015, 20th-22th July 2015, Brisbane
Iron origin : water or sediment
• Individual labelling according to gills colour
• Floating cage : no contact with pond bottom
• 3 weeks (moulting cycle)
• Same zoo-technical conditions than Pond
% shrimpInitial repartition
Aquaculture 2015, 20th-22th July 2015, Brisbane
Iron origin : water or sediment
% shrimp Final survival 85%
→ Iron origin in sediment
• Individual labelling according to gills colour
• Floating cage : no contact with pond bottom
• 3 weeks (moulting cycle)
• Same zoo-technical conditions than Pond
Aquaculture 2015, 20th-22th July 2015, Brisbane
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50
Redox (mV)
0
20
40
60
80
S -- (µM) Fe2+ + Fe3+ (µM)
Dissolved iron : in sediment pore water
Spatial variability
Fe2+ + Fe3+ (µM)
01020304050607080
1 2 3 3 (bis) 4Pond Zone
1cm layer depth
Sulfate reductionIron reduction
Aquaculture 2015, 20th-22th July 2015, Brisbane
Orange color of Gills = Iron deposit on gills
Elimination with Moulting process
An Hypothesis for Iron origin:Organic enrichment during shrimp rearing
OG occur after 70-80 days of rearing (eutrophication)
→ Decrease of Redox potential in sedimentsIncrease of iron and sulfate reduction
→ Increase of Fe2+ concentration in sediment
Conclusions
Aquaculture 2015, 20th-22th July 2015, Brisbane
How does iron deposit upon the gills?Abiotic process during water circulation in branchial cavityBiotic process implying bacteria
Identify Iron origin in sedimentNatural geological feature according to watersheds or accumulation through time? Does Iron species depend in increasing organic load in pond?
What is the impact on animal health and its ability to face stressful conditions?
Perspectives
Aquaculture 2015, 20th-22th July 2015, Brisbane
• This research was financially supported by GFA, CTA, IFREMER, the Provincial Institutions and the Government of New
