Aquaculture and Trade of Tilapia in China
Junrong LIU
Dalian Ocean University, China [email protected];[email protected]
Malaysia (MOA), FAO-Globefish, Malaysia (DoF), LKIM, Malaysia (FAMA), CFC
TILAPIA 2015, 2-4 April The Palace of the Golden Horses Hotel, KUALA LUMPUR
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An old myth in China
carp leaping over the dragon’s gate
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Tilapia’s dragon gate
Diaoyutai State Guesthouse
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PRODUCTION PROFILE China’s Tilapia Aquaculture
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Role of tilapia in freshwater fish aquaculture
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grass carp
silver carp
bighead carp
common carp
crucian carp
tilapia
wuchang fish
black carp
snakehead fish
cat fish
yellow eel
freshwater perch
rice eel
yellow catfish
freshwater grouper
channel catfish fish
freshwater eel
white Achama
sturgeon
rainbow trout
noodle fish
pond smelt
longsnout catfish
puffer fish
salmon
Categories distribution of aquaculture production of freshwater fish in 2013
China Fishery Statistical Yearbook, MOA, 2014
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Tilapia aquaculture production (by region, 2013, in tonnes)
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JilinHeilongjiang
GansuShanghai
NeimengguShanxi
TianjingXinjiang
ShanxiHenan
BeijingHunan
ZhejiangLiaoning
ChongqingSichuan
HubeiJiangsuGuizhou
AnhuiJiangxi
ShandongHebei
YunnanFujian
GuangxiHainan
Guangdong
Geographic distribution of China’s tilapia aquaculture sector (2013)
southern/southwestern
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Main tilapia production areas
7
Share of tilapia production by provinces in 2013
Yunnan
Guangd
ong
42%
Hainan
21%
Guangx
i
17%
Fujian
8%
Yunnan
8%
others
4%
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Production trend of main tilapia farming areas (2006-2013)
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
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Guangdong 53.05% 52.29% 46.64% 46.42% 46.86% 44.83% 42.80% 42.24%
Hainan 14.20% 15.91% 19.52% 19.58% 18.82% 20.41% 21.38% 21.39%
Guangxi 14.47% 13.89% 14.83% 15.33% 16.10% 16.61% 17.08% 17.26%
Fujian 8.71% 7.91% 8.54% 8.58% 8.22% 8.11% 7.93% 7.65%
Yunnan 2.15% 3.65% 3.95% 3.77% 4.44% 5.35% 6.39% 7.44%
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Yunnan: a new player
• Suitable climate for tilapia – far south west of china
• Cage farming – rich in reservoir
resources
– hydroelectric stations
• The 5th biggest in terms of output – 123,356 tons (2013)
http://www.lcagri.gov.cn/ws/news704/20140708/4889662.shtml
http://wsnews.com.cn/newsview.aspx?id=72403
Recent years, aquaculture has become a fast growing sector in Yunnan especially for tilapia
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Cage farming in Yunnan
http://www.shuichan.cc/news_view-192197.html http://www.lcagri.gov.cn/ws/news704/20140708/4889662.shtml
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Guangdong
( Wang Y, 2014)
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• Western Guangdong (Maoming) – 1/3 of total province – 1/8 of total China – 1/12 of world
• Intensive(exporting oriented) – 1 harvest/ year – 2 harvest/year – 3 harvest/2 year
• Oversee markets – USA – Mexico
Hainan
• Production areas – wenchang, 70% of total province
– and qionghai
• Intensive (export-oriented)
– 2~2.5 harvest/ year
– 3 harvest per year ongoing?
• Hainan Tilapia Sustainability Alliance (2014) – launching regional tilapia brand
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Guangxi
• Intensive – 1 harvest per year – Nanning，the largest tilapia markets
• The average daily consumption of tilapia amount to 5 tons
• Market size : 650~750g
• Semi-intensive – Qinzhou、Fangchenggang – Polyculture with carp
• Salt water: fish and shellfish (shrimp/crab) • Freshwater: fish and fish
• Traditional – Hepu(Beihai)
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INDUSTRY CHAIN
China’s Tilapia Industry
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China tilapia industry chain
Export oriented (Intensive)
oversea markets
domestic markets
family
Canteen
foodservice
restaurant
Surimi based products (by cuts)
Live fish (local market mainly)
Frozen products (fillets/value added/whole)
miscellaneous traditional/novel b
y-pr
oduc
ts v
alue
addin
g
Polyculture
Traditional
Cage culture
Domestic oriented
Frozen products value-added/pre-cooked
(by cuts)
Production Processing Marketing
Value adding chain 2015/4/2 Junrong Liu 15
Two track of China’s seafood safety system
• Exporting market：Developed – Export Oriented System (EOS).
• AQSIQ：General Administration of Quality
• Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China
– Whole chain traceability
• Domestic market：Developing
– Highly Diversity and Complex
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State Council
Food Safety Commission
MOA Ministry of Agriculture
CFDA China Food and Drug
Administration
Processing, distribution,
consumption and enforcement
food Safety Risk Assessment
HFPC Commission of Health and
Family planning
food safety standard
primary production,
slaughter, GMO
China Food Safety System AQSIQ
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine
Import/export supervision of food product
CFSA Center for food safety risk
assessment
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INTERNATIONAL TRADE
exports volume slowing down
oversea markets diversifying
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International markets
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distribution of main exporting markets(2012)
USA
Mexico
Russia Israel
Coate
d'Ivoire
Angola
Spain
French
Canada
Poland other
Concentration ratio of oversea market
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Perc
ent
age(%
)
markets distribution by value (%)
Russia
Mexico
USA
Zhang Hong-yan, et al. 2014
Distribution of export regions
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guangdong , /通用
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hainan, /通用格式
guangxi, /通用格式 fujian , /通用格式
other, /通用格式 /通用格式
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perc
ent
age(%
)
shear of exports by value (%)
Zhang Hong-yan, et al. 2014
Share of main oversea markets for each producer(%) ,2013
Province North America EU Russia Mexico
Guangdong 45 5 21 56
Hainan 33 47 22 31
Guangxi 19 28 9 9
Fujian 2 19 48 3
others 1 1 0 1
Wang Yu-mei, et al. 2014 2015/4/2 Junrong Liu 22
DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION highly differentiated in both products and consumers
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Chinese cuisine
Western cuisine
Miscellaneous exotic cuisine
family
canteen
foodservice
culture what where how
domestic oriented
export oriented
expo
rt p
roce
ssin
g
Consumption pattern in China
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surimi based (by cuts)
frozen value-added/pre-
cooked
miscellaneous (by cuts, backbone,
skin…)
Japanese cuisine
restaurant
Live fish (local market)
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Domestic potential demand of tilapia
• Live fish consumption – farming area, inland mainly
• Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou
– traditional Chinese cuisine
• Porcessed products consumption – first/near-tier cities – costal, good developed
• Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou
• Premium products (Izumidai) – sushi and sashimi grade tilapia
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ISSUES AND SOLUTION lack of top-grade quality tilapia
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Strategic Core: Quality
Sensory (pleasure)
Nutrition (health)
Energy (basic)
Availability (resources available)
Price (affordable vs expensive)
Quality
Convenience (quickly and easily)
Shelf-life (stability )
wholesomeness purity, maturity…
safety sustainable ethic traceability
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Comprehensive solution
germplasm, fine varieties
seed production
aquaculture eco-friendly
post-harvest handling,
Value-adding
Brand Building Tilapia industry chain
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Whole chain strategy
Flavor quality
color
odor
texture
taste
• Broodstock • Aquaculture
– water quality – fish feed
• Harvesting – live handling
• Processing – value adding
• Distribution – live transport – cold chain
• e-service (Alibaba)
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TRENDS AND PROSPECTS
turning from quantity-benefit to quality-benefit
reducing reliance on exporting
enhancing efforts to develop domestic markets
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Upgrade of tilapia industry
Sustainable
Quality-oriented Upgrading
Unsustainable
Quantity-oriented
Environmental pressure increasing
High quality Brand Building
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experienced export-oriented system
Balance
Sustainable
Quality
Quantity
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Thank you very much
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