Aquatic animal disease surveillance

Mr.sci. Sabina Šerić-HaračićTCDC/TCCT consultant – Aquatic epidemiology

sabina.seric-haracic@vfs.unsa.ba

AAD – aquatic animal diseases AAH – aquatic animal health

Used abbreviation

Challenges of AAD surveillance comparing to surveillance of terrestrial animal diseases

Principles of AAD surveillance Major determinants of good AAD surveillance

strategy Planning AAD surveillance – resources,

sampling, analysis (P6, 17.7.2013.) Draft surveillance design (P2, 18.7.2013.)

Presentation outline

Challenge 1 – Environment Terrestrial sp. – housing, ventilation, lighting,

feed and feed distribution, water Aquatic sp. – water is all

Fresh water, salt water Still water bodies, rivers

Aquatic vs. Terrestrial surveillance

Threat to coastal ecosystems toxin build-up and nutrient loss i.e. mangrove forests and shrimp farming i.e. coastal ecosystems and salmon farms

200,000 salmon discharges more fecal waste than a city of 60,000 people

containing antibiotics and pesticides accumulation of heavy metals on the benthos

Genetically modification of cultured species and impact on biodiversity

Aquatic vs. Terrestrial surveillance

Salmon and shrimp farming major negative impact on the environment

Water plants and sea shells aquaculture environmentally restorative

SUSTAIABLE PRACTICES lessen the risk of biological and chemical

pollution Prevent disease -surveillance Waste management

Aquatic vs. Terrestrial surveillance

Challenge 2 – Biology of host Most terrestrial animals

Warm blood vertebrate Mammals Containment and biosecurity (movement, housing)

Aquatic animals (and plants!) Cold blood Many invertebrates Fish, crustaceans, mollusks Farming integrated into environment

Aquatic vs. Terrestrial surveillance

Animal welfare stocking densities behavioral interactions disease and parasitism

Aquatic vs. Terrestrial surveillance

Challenge 3 – diversity of pathogens

Aquatic vs. Terrestrial surveillance

Challenge 4– diversity of management systems Extensive systems

cages, still water ponds/reservoirs Tilapines, catfish, Cyprinids

Semi-intensive systems the ponds are fertilized Exogenous feeding

Intensive systems water flows in and out continuously higher stocking densities complete feeds and water aeration

Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture

Aquatic vs. Terrestrial surveillance

Aquatic vs. Terrestrial surveillance

Rapid growth

Aquatic vs. Terrestrial surveillance

Aquaculture seeks to replace wild capture

Farming of piscivorous fish (salmon) – still requires other fish as feed