(EH/78)

ARABleFOR

NORCON/ UNIFIL

•

§~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

FO/FN-kontoretApr 78

FORORD

Dette hefte er opprinnelig sammensatt og redigert av en

tidligere FN-observat~r i Midt-~sten, major B.W. Lott,

Royal Australian Infantry, pa grunnlag av f~lgende kilde­

materiale:

a. "Marlborough's Arabic Self Taught" by A. Hassam

b. "Standard Colloquial Arabic" by Haddad and Irany

c. Advice and help from the Staff of the Jordan Dele­

gation to the Hashernite Jordan Kingdom - Israel Mixed

Armistice Commission.

Heftet er senere tilrettelagt av oberstl~ytnant Erling

Hornslien, Forsvarets overkomrnando, til bruk i undervis­

ningen ved de felles nordiske kurs for FN-observat~rer.

For a ha nytte av heftet ma leseren ha et visst kjennskap

til engelsk. Man skal ogsa v~re oppmerksom pa at eet er

store dialektforskjeller innenfor den arabiske verden.

FO/FN-kontoret

April 1978

Nap Worda - Spelling According to Seriea I :100, 000 Palestine i

i>: itiiir3irket

Surj

Deir

['!-,aharet

'Ein

F~uqa

Gharb

Gharbiya

) Ghor-'

'Iraq

Jebel

JenubJisr

Kafr

Khirbet (Kh)

!.sgharat (Mgt)EajdalNakhadat

) Nafrak

Haaam

};arj

Nahr

Nabi

~jeqb

QasrQabr

!<.;:s

Rujm

House or VillageWell

Pool, ReservoirTower

Monastery (either sex)Small hill (Tell)

Spring

Upper

West

Westem

Valley (Jordan)

Watertall

Mountain

South

Bridge

Farm or Village

Ruin

Cave

Tower (v1llage)FordCrossroads

Tomb

Meadow

River

(Prophets tomb) VillageSouth

Palace, FortTomb

Head (high point)Pile of stones {NStureJ.)

PlainNorthNorthem

Sharq East

Sharqiya

Eastem

Sheikh (Sh)TOIIlb,Village, Ruined tomb

ShunatSmall village

Tahta

Lower

TahunatHill (water)

Tariq

Road

Tell

Artificial mound

Wadi

Vailey

adh, an, as, ash, edh, er, es, esh,

et, repr6sent "el"; 1n English "The";

which sometimes cha-ngas its soundto comply with the 1nitial letter of

the next word, e.g.: IUr ~ Tahta ­

'Ur el Fauqa. - Asire. ~ Shamaliya.

Binoculars Busalah

Compass

Nathur

Border (DL)Hadud

Map

Kharta

Eap Rcfo:renceRaq0l!\al )(hart:l

'The Fonns of the Letters

1~'b'ntotally unconnected with any other letter;

//. Th- "ra~ic alphabet is comDosedof twer.ty-ei?ht consonants, all of which are '.~

'.-rlttcr-., 2.5 J.Il most &stern languages, from the nght hand to the left. Each -;;.<f.~

cor.sonant assumes a different form according to its position at the beginning, ~"_iddle, or end of the word. on the next two pages the variou8 fOIms are placed in >.;S>SeDarate columns and show how each character is written respectively - ~

-;;.'-,.~<1"

~ben at the end of a word, or joined only to the letter precedingjWhenconnectee with the preceding and following letter8j

Whenat the beginning of a word, or joined only to the letter following.

ConnectedConnectedUncon-

withConnectedwithnected precedingon bothfollowingTran-

l~ameCharactersletter onlyaidesletter onlyscription

hlif

I~--a, i, u

fi'-:--

..-:;~~lt

Ta

<.:.-c-;"'='

.;t

Thi

':..,\.~..th... ..

Jeem<::

~~-:~jHa

cCJ.-""h

KIlaLe:~..;..kh

nal

J~--d

Dhil

jJ..:--dh

~J

.r.--r

Za, zai, or zainjj-:--Ii

Seen'.-

'./"--s

Sheenf".;':'"--..:.sh

.. Sad .J>'..oJ~..."S

~~;._l;l~...::.:.~,d.Ta.1"

II·J,.::~ .,;::3",0 ~za

~,. ,..:.> '~4-:'. -;.I...~

The lettersprecede.

.J.J J j and J can only be joined to those letters which

From J and l~-alif are fonned 'J or 'J , :iJl connexion

)

)

From .; (n) and .> (1m) is formed the ligature

From l: (a) and 5 (k) is formed the ligature

Other li~atures are ~..< ~ etc., etc.

'.~

j

J

..b

.b

t

J

iv

Pronunciation of the Arabic Letters

Alif has no sound of its own,but is pronouncedas a, i, or u, according tothe vowelabove or belcw it. Whennot vo'•.•elled it is only a signlengthening the preceding vowel.

aa like the English b.

1'8: like the Eilglish t.

Thi like the English th in 'thought' j it is often pronouncedlike t.

Jeemlike jin' jam'; in ~ hard like g in 'garden I.

'fi is alwaye astrong aspirate with frict1on.~ i8 a guttural asp1rate like ch in the Genlllln 1ch or the Scotch word

'loch' j kh always represents one sound.

naI like the English d.

Dhal like th in 'that' j dh 1s always one sound.

Rii like r in 'rurai', always sounded•

za, zai, or zain like the English z.

Seen like s in 'some'.

Sheenlike sh in 'sheep'.

~d like a hard hissing s as in 'hissl•

pi~like a hard d, as in 'rod'.

Ta like a hard t, as in 'tose' •

~alike a dentai z •

Ain 15 a guttural, peculiar to the Semitic languages, which can only belearned by ear; it sounds like the bleating of a goat (mlm'). Whenitbegins a syllable we shall denote it by a spiritus asper (,) before avowel, or whensilent after a vowel.

Ghaina hard guttural producedas in the effort of gargling and soundssimilar to ghr.

Fa like the Ehglish f.Qaf like a broad k, produced as in imitating the CA"-:ing of a crow.

Kaf like the &1gllsh k.

tam like the Ellgll8h 1.

Leemlike the English m.

Noon like the English n.

IG like h in 'housel i if used as a grammatical tem1nation it has tw.dots over it ( •.•.) and has the sound of t when fel10wed by a wordbeginning with vowel sound.

)

)

) Wawhas the sound of thiOw in 'water', or of u in 'put'.

-s Ya sounds like y in 'yard'.

When J and <.Sare not vowelled, they are then only signs of lengtheninethe preceding vowel, u or i, or of Jmking the diphthongs au and ai res­pectively.

al 'the,'

v 0 C ABU L.A R lES

IThe Arabic language has only one def1nite article,

which has purposely .e~nom1~ted in the Arabic c~lumn~

THE WORLD AND NATURE

English

~Pronunciation

air

'.,- __ •.••.Jlhaw&.

autumn

\.j---~khar1t

cold

..1,.,....- __bard

da.rknes8

._._-U:.~ulmah.earth ..;D.JIa~east

\iJ--~sh&rq

fire-lL--:nar

heat

.J---->-harr

ice

.4.._.~j&lId

light

.J'_""':nurmoon

j--~qa.mar

north

jL~shamiJ..

rain

.J--_..b.l!lIl~rshade

J..:----bzill.sn~

c- ._.-1:thalj

south

<,.-,....~junu;

spring

t---.JrabI

star

tL~~n1jl!l1lh

sumner

~-"">sai.!"

) ~_---:shamllsun

water

~~ -'\'ma - l!lIliyah

west

'-:-.J---Sgharb

wind

C--.Jrib

wintor

I -,shita-...•..•.•.

we>rld,Jh :-~.J dunya, alam

bank

J:,..;. __ 'shatt..desert '~--~!"lJ:r&

Vowel Sounds:

bat; t&ther; bit; mach1ne; put; rUle; aisle;au • ov in cow

Dotted consonants, ~, ~, ~, ~, ~, hard.

garden

hill!!leadow

mountain

ccean

plain

riverroek

sea

springvalleywater, elearwater, coldwater, hot

brasB

bronze

charcaal

ecpper

glasB

gold

iranmetal

sar,d

silver

aniroal

~ird

calf

came 1cat

catt1e

- 2 -

Arabic

J-----.-:u-·---

.J----+;­~ ......J' .J~I

J----<.-J--~

r----~eS..I ~

,}l.o 'I...I.J ~ '1.

v>-- 'l.METAL3, MINERAl.S, etc.,

~i <..Jo\......;

..lr' <.rl;-..;cJ,,.> r>Jr>'<.r1.>U

.1. -.J:J---'

~ __ ..JAJ

..1----,: ..I.•..

0..1-- ..•••--!.---.J._--_.~

ANDlALS AND BIRDS.

o ir-- -:,">

ft---l>J--~J--~..,, k.>

PNl'\unciati6ll

bUBtan

taUIll!lrjjabal

al-l(lhr-l-muhitB&hl

nahr

~khrbal,1r,ain

wa<U.

ma aafi~ bQrid

ma sukhun

na~s asfar..nahis aswad.faQzn baj:.ab

nahas ahmar

qazaz

dhahab

Qa<l1d

ma'dan.

r8.llll

faddah

haiwan.~air

'ijljaTJlll,l

quHah

mawashi

Vovel Soundal hGt, father, bit, machine, put, 1Ule, ais18; au = aw in cowDottad conoonants, 1,1, ~, ~, h ~,hard.

cOW

farkh, p1. a!r6kh

baqarahkaIb

IU.mir

hajIn

gbazar

mi'za

dajajah

hisan

ibn...awa (l.c&1 wawi)

kharU!

asad

!arasbav.hl

tbaur

khanzlr

yamamah

ghanam

dujaj hindi

Pronunciation

.»--~r--?

.--l.::

1:,;----.,;•.J--~

c..:. __ -15

JL---

- 3 -

..sj----""~~.J

uL __V),' -:xl

~--->.J_. __ I'

(- __ -.D

<s..I.;~ eL:-.J

REPTlLES AND INSEI)TS

Fnglish

Chicken

deg

donkey

dromedary

gazelle

goat

hen

horse

ptg

pigeon

shE\ep

turkey

ox

mara

llDJle

jackal

1amb

Hon)

)ant

bee

flea

fly

frog

grasshopper

mosquito

snake

spider

wasp

• __ ....1..;

• __ ...J.;...;

:--J---P/.._-~~j

'-:-' .J __ -:'>;

6_:;-_"..l:,,--~.>

namlah

natllah

barghut

dhubbB:nah

~uf~a'ahjundub

namUsah,p1. namus

ha1yah

lankabut

dabbUr

Vowel sounds: hat, father, bit, machirte, put, '!'UIe, aisle; au = ow iri cowDotted corisonants, ~, ~, ~,~,~, bard.

Days of the week:

Sunday

l'ionday

Tuesday

WednesdayThursday

Friday

Saturday

l'!onths of the year:January

Februaryl·~rch

AprilHay

June

July

August

SeptemberOctoberNovember

December

afternoon

age, an

beginning, the

daily

day

daybreak

daytime

day after t<:rnon-.w

" before :,esterday

everyday

- 4 -

Arabic

TIMES AND SEASONS

.J -""'':/I.0-~ 'jI

')i_-:Jl'L-_",</~I

u-~I;;_~lc.__ ~1

u.---,C 0YIS'.bl __ ~

.J IJI

01~

JL~I'0!r---/

)J--..-j,-,I

JJ-~I'- .J.,I (;~cii.: 0~;;ji 0YIS'

.J-~

J-=> - 0.)--';'I~'~I

(J---~.J U..J I <::.rll'

.JL_-.+:.J __ '; .J-"'(

l..J""'iJ/

~ ,j.-5

Pronunciation

al-ahad

al-lthnain

al-thalathial-ar/)a'a

al-kha.mIs

al-jum'aal-sabt

~nUn t~ni

shu~~adhar

nIsan

a1yarhuzalran.tanmUz

ab

aUii1.

tishrln awwal

tishrIn t~ni

~nUn awwal

la~rqam, JIIal-ibtida

yaumI

yaum, pl. a1yŠiatulu -I-nahar

nahar

ba 'd ghad

awwal ams

kill yaum

Vowel sounds: hat, father, bit, maChIne, put, mIe, aillle • .au ~ ow i& cowDotted consonants, ~, ~, ~, ~, :' hard.

I

)

English

dawn

earlyend, the

even1ng (early)(la te)

full moonhour

half an hour

leap yearlunar months

midday, noon

middlG, themidnightminute

rr.cnth

morrrlng

nightseason

seasc.ns, the

spring

:;ummer

autumn

winter

sunrisesunset

time

t<H:layto-morrow

to-morrow m"'rningweek

two weeks

year

y<u.t.6rday

- 5 -

Arabic

j •••~.:->-..šI1

'-':,J ..l.: - j...51.:

·L~'.JI

7:.;---­<L..._ 'G

jJ ~< -<L..

;;•..•l,.. ...i-.:.;

cr--...S ~

"-'...J~ .»-'....;,

r-~I.6--_."JiJ-:ll!...j~' __ ~J

j----~CL_~1J---:ll1J---~J.r- _-C..iJ It-----..J

J- __-'.;>-L ...:;....;,

~I U-J.bcr-..:Jl,-:-~

c,_. ----'Ji)--,...~I

I .1.J __ --"

j,;'!.:...c 1J.i>

(y.-l ,._~0~----~

,,------'-""

.J-----\

Pronunciation

al-fajrt>akir, badr!al-intiha

maghrib'isl18', masabadr

sa'ah, pl. sa'atnisf sarah

sanat kabia

IlhuhUrqamariyah

al-1uhraI-wa.sa~

ni~[-l-laUdaqlqah

shahr, pI.shuhUraI-sat>ahal-IaU

[asI

aI-fu~U1rabi

;;aif

khar1rshita

~ulu-I-sh8JnllghurUb-I-shamswaqt

aI-yaum

ghada

ghada ~bB:panjum'ah, usbu '

jum'atainsanah, pI. sinInams

Vowel ,,~: Mi:, father, bit, machIne, put, rii1e, aislej auD.tted consonants, ~, ~, ~, ~, ~, hard.

ow in cow

2ngligh

age

old age

aunt (maternal)

aunt (paternal)

baehelor, spinster

boy

'::ride

bridegroom

brother

ehild

eousin (mase.)

eO\lsin (rem.)

daughter

father

female

girl

gr9.ndfather

grendmother

grand son

granddaughter

husband

infaney

r:;adan (Nrs.)

maiden (virgin)

::Jale

man

mother

negro

nephew

niece

- 6 -

AI'I'lbie

LANKIND: RELA TI ONS

.)--~.->~....:• __ .....11.>-

d __ ~

lJ" JJ--~U"----~

'I'e:--_.....1)

_---~ll . IJlGT~l<..H

_~I4.i.:1Jl>J1 ~I

• .J -':""

.J _1..i>-

d..J __ ~

~---j---~~ __ ;...s jJ--~,J

(I.l....;- ---.,-.

- G.~I 0~1..:;..';'~I ~I

, ']1 4.:..1

~-;I 4.:..1'

Pronunciation

'umr

shaik:hUkhah

khalah'ammah

lazab

sabi.taros

larIsakh

walaj

ibn-l-'anm, ibnl-khil

ibnat-l-1amm,ibnat-l-khal

ibnah

ab

untha

bint

jidd

jiddah

har1d,~afidah

zauj

~ufiiliyasit

bikr

dhiikar

rajul, pl. rijhUIIllIl

'abd, fern. 'abdah

ibn-l-akh, ibnl~t

ibnat-l-akh,ibna t-\l.-ukht

)

English

?rpr.an

parents

pe0ple~lationrelative

serv-ant

sir (:,r.)

sister

si ave (female)son

uncle (maternal)

~patemal)widow

w...dower

wifewoman

youth

youth, a

anklearm

back

beard

bellybleod

bodybawels

brainbreathcheek

ch~st

chin

Arat>ic

r--r--:0-~.LI S

v-L.........;--~-!r'

-&.--_ ---.I-..-=- ~I

"-----'.,J~u---~IJ'---~r----7-----L.J1J---J'.----':')j,'~ I,;;L_~...:

T!-'.E HUHAN BODY

'--_-s.itI; j

r---.+b._-~~0-'-'--~~

t.J

.1--_---':"'L__ -'l.qj

e.L_-_.Jv-----A:..".I...-- -->­J -'-----'>0--~.J

Pronunciation

yatim, fem.yatimahwalidain

nas, sing.insanqarabah

qarib

kh~im,fem. kh~imah

saiyidukht

jariyahibn

khal'amm

armalah

armal

zaujah1mratah

shabab

shabb

ka'b

dhir61

zahr

l~yah

"~n, pl. bu~iindamm

jasadam';;

dirn8:ghnafas

khadd,pl. khudud

~adr,pl. ~udiirdhaqn,pl. dhuqUn

Vowels0Unds: hat, father, bit, machIne, put, riile, aisle; au = ew in c.wDotted consonants, ~, ~, ;, t, ~,hard.

~- 8 -

0-.•.•.

'w ,~e.:n.glish

~Pronunciation?,<;>cP

?,+-Y'ear

o jIudhn, pl. adhan~"5'?elbowr.r----5kU, pl. a~'"'C?

eye0~-~'ain

eyebrows

,-:-,_~l>~ajibeye1ash

..;:.--- ....•• .Jrimsh

e~'elid0---~jitn

face._--~.)wajh

fingerC-__ ~Iisba', pl. asabi'..foot J---~.Jrij1, pl. arjul

forehead0""'---~jibIn

- , . ,hair .J----~sha'r ,

hand.J____ --::yad

1eft handJL;shima"1

right hand

U~yamIn

head

I'-.i'" .J ras

heart

'--'_____ .JSqalb

heel'-:-'-----~'aqab

kidneys._--~kilyah

knee.----~.Jrukbah,pl. rukab

leg,jL____saq

lipc:i- _____ ---L..:..shiffah

liver-L ____ ~kabid

lungsd----:.Jrl'ah

l1'olar<..rJ----."dirB

moustache'-:-'.JL_-_~sharib

mouthr------'fam

muscle

•____ L~'adalahnail

'I,~ifr, pl. azafir.J-:-___-J..~

navel(J .r-----surrah

neck._--~.Jraqabah

nerve'-;-'---~'!isab

nose

.J...___ ~ Ianfpalm .f the h=d

...J ___ ---Skar!

Vowel sounds: hat, father, bit, machIne, put, mIe, l&islej au = ow in c",w

Dotted consonants, ~, 1, ~, ~, ~, hard.

)

)

English

shoulderskin

spine

stomach

templethroatthumb

tonguetoothveinwrist

bum

cho1el'll­

cold, a

ccugl:l

deaf

death

diarrh)ea

tiysenteryfever

headacheillness

tootha,;hewound

bootbutton

cap

cloth (cotton)coatc<1mb

- 9 -

Arabic

...i.. __ ..:;5

.l,.._-b­j4bJI ~

d.J __ .Jo.o

t..J----40J----1:­r----.A~o ~ --.J0---Jj----"r-----"'-""

DISEASES OF THE BODY

':u---.>~l ~_-"

..J' .'/ - t~~JI---­,h-_---1t

,J'----4-\~ lh.<...).J - .r.-.>j

...;)---......;....

'.r~ e-'"./'r--­

0--' I t-::-JU-----':"

DRESS

d ;:-

.J.l

.;.>--~.".br'--;--->-

d.__ ·__ ~

..b -.:.O

Pronunciation

katif, pl. "ktaf

jild

silsilat-l;:ahrmi'dah

~udgh~alqtahim

Uaansinn

Iirq, pl. 'urUqmi'sam

~arqhawa asfar

rashl), nazlah8utal

a~rashmaut

ishal

zaQir, ausun~riyasukhUnah

waja Iras

mara?waja'-l-sinn

ju~, p'.• juruh

j;1.=h!lirr, pl. azrar

~arb\ieh

kham

jubbah

lIIUshi-

VowelBOunds: hat, father, bit, mach1ne, ;:mt, xUle, ai81e; au = ow in cowDotted consonants, 1;1, ~, ~, ~, ~, hard.

~glish

CC.ttOil

h,mdkerchiefhat

razor

ringscissors

sheet

shirt

shoe

soaptrousers (Arab)

(pair of)watch

basket

bath

bed

blanketbottlebroom

brush

carpet

(large)chair

cupboardcl'rtain

door

floor

furniture

house

key

kitchen

landlord

- 10 -

i.rabic

v---_!NJ.-..t.:..

d - -.-b,..;.r.,.j••J-----

~---~.r:­.J.c....-_-~

crl.J..

0)---~l.uJ~.r-~

0.r----1.~d ---"L

HOUSE AND FURNlTURE

d ....J_

iL-- .-:...,..'I ../' 'J-----Jri;---- .•...

d ~"';J

d ~

4... -..--:.y

d.JI __ ~

_bL ~

L~'s'------.J.•.. -----.-: 1;>­

<.JL __ ~

c.~ L__----:. -,d_~ .. ·:Jl

..:..L__ ...;I

e:----~,J- -.-.:;-~.JO

Pronunciation

qu~unmandil

burnai~ahmus

khatim

miqa~ljsharshaf

qamIr

madas

sabUn

shirwal

bant.alUnsa'ah

sallah

~a.mna:m

fir6sh

j1irem

quanninabmil<nasah

furshab

sujjactan

bi~atkurs ikhazanah

sitarah

bab

arviyahathath

bait

mifta~mat;bakh

muajjir

Vowel sounds: hat, father, bit, m:;l.chIne. put, riile, aisle; au = ow in CCJW

Dotted consonants. ~, 1, ~, t. ~,hard.

,..".----------

)

::ngUsh

lockir.p,-r:lass

r..atches

::12-ttr<?ss

rccf

r"Om

ta.ble

towel

wardrebe

wateI'-clese':.

well

window

loreae

breakfast

butter

cheese

chicken

ccffee

di.nner

.egg

eggs (boiled)

eg~s (fried)fat

fish

fhurfork

flass .f water

l.eney

ice

jam

knife.

- II -

~.rabic

J-----Uo------"'!l;o

,:.._----~<;d - ~..::b•..5 ->-"----_.,,),0.;------>-•.• ...:5.:...-' - .

C;"~_....; OJ~

C!;-----------'--- .dL __ ~..:

FOOD, DRINK, and SI':OKING

..r---i: r.:>J.r.------>

.»- 6;d .J .....-.j

(I----~-..0-------'

d ~

JJ....L- _.~,_.,--......J.;. .- ;.~

u -!·lJ.1

.•..)----.o~ ~h

d__ - -~J:-':"-- ~~J ----------"

c;l: - ~L-~--""'..r

o __ ~

Prcnunciatien

qifl

mrayah

kibrit

~arraljah

saqf

au1ah

sufrah

bashk1rkhszanat thivat­

IllUstara~

bIrshubbik

la~ baqarkhuhz

faturzibdah

jibnah

farkh

qahwah

ghado.

baiqsh

baiQ mo.sluq

baict maqli

dihn

so.mak

ta~in

shauko.h

kubbayat ma

'aso.l

jalid, thalj

muro.bba

sikldno.h

Vowel sounds: hat, father, bit, machIne, put, rUl.e, aisle; au = ow in cow

Dotted consonants, ~, ~, ~, t, ~,bard.

- 12 -

",eat (r.ast)

neC1 t (Doiled)

rnUk

mustarcl

mutton

oil

omelet

pepper

plate

pork

salad

salt

eigar or cigarette

t"bacc.

sp.on

sugar

supper

tea

vinegar

water

C2.rret

e2.ulillower

com

eucwnbEers

fl"ur

garl.ielettuce

maiZe

..JY r----:-J

j ->J,jr-1- .>J(_~_ -...:... (...J

'-:-' =.L-

J.J~

r---'- r,-J

~---~--'.j...J""--:-: ._'J.J-----Lli0----~~.r.j-->- (...J" 61-

C-------1.dJL_-+

l;.. .J '-u - t~" -il......

.r---~, ~

<..SL .-.:

,..u----->~1 •.•.•

J ,'1----,1u)-__-fl.J./---~

~--~.;• ....L _ ': -,y..>

JL----:.i--I0~--->-.b

(?-----~.(j"---- ..--.:>-

"J J

Pronuncia ti.n

lahm kharUf

lahm

la~ masluq

laljm mashwi

halIb

khardal

la~ ghanam

zait

lijjat bai,

filfU

~0/1lal;JnkhanzIr

sala~h

milt!sikare.h

tabagh, dukhkhan

ma'laqah

sukkar

lasha

shai

khall

fii1

malrUf

jazar

qarnabi~

~ubu't, ghallah

khiyar

tah1n..tUm

khass

dhurah

Vowcl sounds: hat, father, bit, mach1na, put, mIe, aMe; au - <yod in oow

Dotted consonants, V, ~, ~, ~, ~, hard.

)

)

)

E:ng:;'isr.

",ushroorn

'llivesenion

parsley

peas

potatoes

radishes

rice

tornatoes

almonds

apples

apricots

dates

figs

grapes

lem.ns

mel.ns

nuts

••ranges

plums

raisins

walnuts

bath

bridge

building

h.spital

m.sque

palace

p,Uce-office

post ..•ffice

-13-

J.rabic

.J----1;.;

()J----.:;.,..j,J-----"':

•.••••.•---..j) ~• w

.~ - .J.xlbL-1....:

J-----":'.i.J.l

"..fI.J...~

~'RUITS

jJ----....lCL ~......,--------.......

c----~"'7"'----~

(}J--~.. Il.---...-----...~

JJ_-~

(}L_-iJf.0------>

jJ--~

Ta-IN, COUNTRY, and AGRICULTURE

rL--.J-- --.-...:;-(}L __ ~J L_ ..•.••.•••t---~

r3 ~w~~

d__ ;.._~ij

.-h-~IJ'-'

Fronunciation

tu~r

zaitUn

looa;;al

baqdUnis

biz illah, lJUIIIIIIU s

ba:ap

f1jl

ruzz

bandUr6h

lauz

tuffap

mishmish

balaQ

tin

'ina.

laimUn

baUikhbundu4I

burdaqan

khaukh

zablb

jauz

hanunam

jisr

l-unyan

sbital

jimi'Mr6yah, qAVr

zahti].ah

~-l-b;stah

Vowel sounds: hat, father, bit, Jn!lchIne, put, rUle, aislej au = ?W in cow

Dotted consonants, ~, ~, ~, t, ~,bard.

roae

school

shop

street

tower

town

village

baker

barber

bO.kseller

carpenter

consul

d9Ctor

govenor

grocer

guide

interpreter

merchant

cfficer

policeman

servant

soldier

tailor

J:..rab, anArabia

J;:U.stria.

Austri?n, an

Cairc

-1.4-

.. ~..I..o..:! •.1.>- O-.i.

j----v6o-----.J .J.o

o L__::....s..J

tJL---...:

r;,;----<

d ~ . ..u

O------..J"PliOFESSIONS and TRADES

..iL__ ~0)1-"':"_->lJ'.------...:;:5

.JI ~J-----....;;

~.> - ,-:-,~..b

r - __...si..­

JL--__~J----~..J0L ~.r.J----~l;

..b ~Lb

,-",---.J.r.(I~__-->-<..S.J---~

..b '- ..:.>

C()~.)]\:TRIE", C:ITU,s, and NATIONS

iS'.r.- I''..~-------..r

0'------4.........rL__ ----.:.J I

'.1J 1-----.....:".J----~~W I

Pronunciati~

sikkat padid

~arrqmadrasah

duklGn

snari '

burj

madinah

kazyah

khabt>az

~allalI

kutbl

najjar

qun~

~arib, ~~akim

baqaii"1

daIll

turjuman

taj1r

thabit

bo1Is

khaddam

laskari

khaiyii"!-

amirika

'arabi, pl.

'arabistan

al-namaa

namsawi

<ll-qahiraJ-:

Vowel sounds: hat, father, o3.i, mach1ne, put, r-::ile, aisle; au = ow in cowDotted consOl'uJ:l~ h, d, 5, t, z, hard.

- 15 -

)

)

)

'::'r:a-1F~nd

Lnt:lishman

mrope

France

Frenchrlan

Germ.an, a

Gennany

Greece

Greek, a

India

1talian, an

Italy

Jerusalem

Jev;

,J.roan, thehome

Russia

Russian, a

Syria

l'urk

Turkey

tlack

blue

crimson

dark

green

greenish.

grey

v ~J

,._5..J-~-~

;#'Ji .J::l.:

0j-----Jl; IL__ : I---'.JJL ---:~:;.sl----~~lr---"";W!L __ ~Wl

r..v---l i i:~\..~__----_--O.JJ

.J ~l

"••.•-_....;~~IL_~l.h:1'Y' .J -.i.l:

,_,.J)---~0.JJ 'JI

~----:!4.2J,:-,,,s.-JI .J)~

,_r-----;­L-----'.,)r'T----3..;':r~__JI .J>,,:

COLOUR..S

..1;- 1

,~Jj\J-------1·3J------o.J-'

,:-"'u_ rU.r--~--;,,~\.JJ:;--~,.;.JI.J _,,.--.:._..;1

Pronunciation

dimas~q

'ld~ribilad -l-inglIz

inglizi

urobba

faransa

faransawi

almani

alminiya

bil:id-l-rUm

Ml!ni

al-hind

ItaliyamItauyaal-kuds

yahudi, pl. yahUt

al-'urdun

rumiyah

bila<1-1-maskeb

maskolPi

suriya

turki

bilad-l-turk

aswad

azraq

asmar

qirmizi

qatim, ghamiQ.

akhdar.khaqrawi

ashhab, I'drr.adi

Vowel sounds: hat, father, bit, mnchInc, put, rUle, aisle; au = ow in cow

Dotted consonants, 9, ~. ~, ~, z, hard.

r.nglish

indig0li!?ht

erangepale

pink

purplered

scarlet

sky-blueviolet

white

yel:ew

yellewish

aDostle

Bible

ChristianchurchGod

Jesus Christ

Hohammedan

angrytetterbUnd.ravecheapcleanc.ldcostly, deardarkdirty

- 16 -

"rabic

6 -+C;-----.....;v

(. ~Li;;j:~- __ J!ll:

,-"--~ ..s J.lJ

'_'r"-~ iJ-';".l!".r------->I~>;....------.;>'.5) ,----..­

'-?"'-----"~)~ ~1

.r;,--- _-...i..e I

.J--- -_--i..<.

RELIGIOUS TERES

JJ-----.l;;1.)) .....;

,",';~-l~6 ~

6 __ ••• __ -.:.J.l.1

(__ -.JI f~

r--....J .....ADJECTIVES

<) L .-.....u

0-----""" j

<._----~ltL ~..;

J.lL----~l~_-----1li('-------'-(------J

?ronunciation

nilah

ratitJburtuq&nitah1t

wardi khafIf

urj~ni

atunar

qirmizisaman

banafsaji

abyaq

a~farmu:;>farr

rasUlTaurah

Lasi~i, NUlilranil\c>...nisah

Allah

YasuI el-Y.asIh

Huslim

a'ma

sh~a'

rekhI~

na~Iftarid

ghali

mu' tim

wosikh

.,

Vm.-el8Ounds: hat, father, bit, wachIne, put, rule., a1s1e; au; ow in "owDotted COn80nBnts, h, d, s, t, z, hard •. . . . .

,•..

E:riiEsh

filthyfresh~"".dhotr:U!1gIJ'largeiate)

little (small)l ••ngmadold.Id lr.inpeer5weetthirstywarm

J_------:! ..~­~-_.._--~~

0-"·-·w - .)-->0'--:'--_".r.------7.r--- - --.>-l;.

.r.-- _-..:....0

J-----:~0J----~

r------ ..0.-[----_._~.;

.r--:.; - .A--J-------l:..

(; L ...:1-••

u~---...->--

Pronunciati.n

danis

jadid

t-aiyib~arr, sukhunju1an

kabir

mut--akhkhir

l!aghIrtawilmajnUnqadIm

8haikh

mask1n, faqir

~ululatshansukhun

...i ~_t;...;

C-.--·---~.J..k_:..-.- ~

''''''JL_. __ ._~. ..il ...:

galaI, imo is'al

jab, imp. jib

r.anafja'adakhaltabakh

shari'.

2-kal, :Urip.kul

.:jab, imp. jibraq

shaf, nat:ar'amil

fatatJ

haHjawa.

shaf

. VERBS,JL- _

L.- L ~-

'i-----~J-'--- -__> J

l-----·~I'"J....,.-j-- ----....:\ .'v-----~--,)I

.ringcleanc')mec:ome incookdrink"atfetche~lo.km.;,keopen (tra,s.)putreplysee

lero form. 3rd pers,masc ,singul~~::::'3t indic.iE. "Es asked"

ask "Be broug~:tlJ

Vowelsounds: hJ.t, father, bit, machIne, put, riile, aisle; au _ ow in CON

Dotted consonants, ~, ~, ~, ~, ~, hard.

- 18 -

COlIle back

USEF:JL ;'ND NEI::ESSARY EXPRESSIONS

o.r-.--J c;-l~ ~I

:J----L...

.'

sheot

sit

sleepsmoke

speak

wound

write

All("w lll€

Begone !Gertainly

Come here

From here

Go away

GO.d-.ye (angwer)

In fu ture (afterwards)Never mind

No

'Thank y,>u

vlhat is this ?

filly ?

Yes

Brir.g me

'~C~€ iI.

Conlf' along

Get up

GoC'd morr.ing

'}ood rom il"'cI? (answer)

(;-{))d ever.ing

Arabic

..;-) -.J.1.- -<u

(L '---:----,.) ~.J

r---.--lS=o---~'- ...:::5

r-------"-'t-----';'J II_--:.AJ 1-..;

L ~..••0-"

L-.;..t> (y. CV

d __ )l...J 1 t"0----~...J~

..;---~1.'i

,:).r-- ->- PIj -'")~I j W _ ,)c....)

6,r-=i _ ~

:"npu: h~lD PfU,C nCr,L t'fi!o,S&S

(te-le _ ',~ ~J---- _.> • .J IJ L__---""

r-.J - ~(l~ UJ

..r.-->J1. c~

.r----i>J I ' '--

Pronunciati"r.

qauwas

qa'adnam

d~n

takallam

jare.~katab

isma~ liimsM I

ma'lulIl

na'am

irja.

ta raI huna

min huna

rUh min huna

lila ra-e-salarnah

ba1dain

lila 'alaish

la

kaththir khaire.k

shu hadl(la ?

laish, liJnadha ?

na'am, illltaTl

jIbjJ, hat Ii,.-«hul

ta'E:l

qum, qum

rUh r.arr,

sabatlU-l-khair

yas 'id ~aba~akJDa.~-l-khair

Vowel 3Gunds: hat, father, bit, machIne. ~. Ne, .a.1$1e; au E CYW in cow

Dotted consonants. ~, ~. !~~,~,hard.

- 19 -

)

)

t.nglish

:-ole y.ur t ongue

H.w de Y"'l r.0 ?

:lm not hungry

• de not 5DGi:khrabic

,.u, sir

;'0, madam

Cpen the doer

Opel" the window

Stop here

Thank yeu

That's eneugh

Welcomel

Ilelceme to you

1Ilhere are you going ?

wpere do you live ?

You are too young

~;L.. .J-,,-;:

<.rr I _.:..5....1,') __ ...J G- ~

<) 4;- .?> 1.;1

~.r (Xl l.~~•.J_~ I..: 'I"i--- ~ 'j

..,..1__ -:-11 •••,;;,jl

<!! L_...J I C';';IL_....;.Jll I_.-M...l

.,i .• <-:r.--.--:>- r'I_';-~ - ._~>---~-J~;-Il1,::.. ~; 4>-.r

c.-'-: Iy..a Ij \ft Ic.~1 ..:;Si... 0~

.r--~ ~ c.;i

Pronunciation

yas' id masak

uskut, ikhras

kaH hii1ak ?

ana Il'a.1shjau'an

!:la atkal1e.m 'arabi

la yasldi

la yasitti

iftatd-l-bab

iftapi-l-shubba"kistanna huna

kathir khairak

yikIi, bassahlan wasahlan

marpaba fik Iain dhahib int ?

fain sakin ipt ?

anta :agh!r kathi

) 1 3 -4 56789 o

Vewel 5<:undsl hat, father, bit, machIne, put,zi:Ue, aislej au D ow in eowDott.ed consona.nt.s, ~, ~, ~, ~, ~, hard.